Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology最新文献

Background: Curcumin, a compound from curcuma longa, has gained attention as a potential adjunctive treatment for periodontal diseases due to its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties. Research shows that when combined with conventional treatments, curcumin can reduce gum inflammation, support tissue healing, and enhance clinical outcomes. Its mechanisms include inhibition of inflammatory cytokines and enzymes, as well as oxidative stress reduction, making it a promising supplementary therapy in periodontal care.

Materials and methods: A comprehensive search was conducted for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (SRMAs) published from 2019 to 2024. Eligible studies were reviewed for quality, methodology, and outcomes related to the use of curcumin in periodontal therapy. Studies were critically analyzed for evidence on the efficacy, safety, and optimal formulation of curcumin.

Results: Several SRMAs indicate that curcumin significantly reduces inflammation and improves clinical parameters of periodontal health when used as an adjunct to conventional treatment. Curcumin's antimicrobial properties also contribute to its effectiveness in controlling periodontal pathogens. Findings from this review suggest that curcumin is a promising adjunct to traditional periodontal therapy, particularly in reducing inflammation and promoting healing. However, evidence remains inconclusive regarding its optimal dosage, formulation, and long-term benefits. Most studies involved small sample sizes, lack of quality, and varied methodologies.

Conclusion: Curcumin appears to be an effective adjunctive treatment for periodontal disease, offering potential benefits in inflammation reduction, clinical improvement, and tissue regeneration. However, further well-designed clinical trials are necessary to establish clear guidelines for its use in periodontal therapy.

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate insulin resistance (IR) and compare it with the periodontal status of individuals using homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI), and periodontal inflamed surface area (PISA) index in individuals with variable sugar intake.

Materials and methods: The study comprised of 20 patients aged 20-25 years who were not previously diagnosed with diabetes. The participants were categorized into two groups-low sugar intake (n = 10) and high sugar intake (n = 10), depending on their glycemic loads and were evaluated for IR as determined by HOMA-IR and insulin sensitivity as measured by QUICKI. The development of periodontal disease was estimated by means of PISA. Statistical significance was assessed by Mann-Whitney U and Spearman's correlation tests.

Results: The mean HOMA-IR of the low sugar group was 1.60, and the high sugar intake group was 2.52, and the mean QUICKI in the low sugar group was 0.355, and the high sugar group was 0.33, with a highly significant P = 0.001. There was a significant difference between the mean PISA values of the low-sugar group (54.02) and the high-sugar group (329.44). The lower QUICKI and the higher HOMA-IR values in the high sugar intake group were indicators of IR.

Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that there is a potential systemic link between IR and periodontitis, and it is plausible that dietary sugars have an impact on this association. This study contributes to understanding the interplay between metabolic health and oral conditions, emphasizing the importance of dietary considerations in maintaining both insulin sensitivity and periodontal health.

Background: Dentinal hypersensitivity is a common disorder in dental practice, with existing treatments often offering only transient relief. Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) has emerged as a promising option owing to its prolonged pain-suppressing effects and growing patient acceptance.

Objective: This study aimed to assess the immediate and sustained efficacy of LLLT, fluoride varnish, and desensitizing paste in treating dentinal hypersensitivity.

Materials and methods: A total of 120 participants were randomly assigned to three treatment groups: Group I (LLLT), Group II (fluoride varnish), and Group III (arginine calcium carbonate paste). Evaluation using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and numerical rating scale (NRS) occurred immediately after the first application, at 1 week, after the second application, and at 15 days, 1 month, and 3 months. Clinical parameters, including plaque index (PI) and clinical attachment level (CAL), were assessed at baseline, 1 month, and 3 months.

Results: Intergroup comparisons revealed a statistically significant difference at later time points (15 days, 1 month, and 3 months), with LLLT demonstrating superior efficacy in reducing dentinal hypersensitivity compared to the other two interventions. Intragroup comparisons for clinical parameters PI and CAL exhibited statistically significant differences. However, intergroup comparisons for both clinical parameters did not indicate any statistically significant differences.

Conclusion: This study's findings suggest that LLLT offers greater and sustained reduction in dentinal hypersensitivity over a 3-month period, outperforming sodium fluoride varnish and arginine calcium carbonate paste.

Background: Mannose-binding lectin (MBL), a serum protein, has a role in the activation of the complement cascade and plays an important role in innate immune defense. MBL levels is said to be increased in various immunoinflammatory conditions systemically. The present study analyzes the serum and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) levels of MBL in patients suffering from chronic periodontitis and also to find out the alteration in its levels after nonsurgical periodontal therapy in serum and GCF.

Materials and methods: A total of 20 subjects suffering from chronic periodontitis with an age range of 20-60 years participated in the study. GCF as well as serum samples was collected from each patient at two different time intervals: before nonsurgical periodontal therapy and 1 week after scaling and root planing (SRP). MBL levels were detected using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay test. Gingival index (GI), plaque index (PI), oral hygiene index (OHI-S), probing pocket depth, and clinical attachment level were assessed at baseline and 4 weeks after the treatment.

Results: The present study showed that both serum and GCF MBL levels decreased after periodontal treatment, with a statistically significant decrease in the values for GCF. Furthermore, PI, GI, Oral Hygiene Index-Simplified, and periodontal probing depth showed a statistically significant decrease in the values after periodontal therapy (4 weeks) as compared to baseline.

Conclusion: This cross-sectional study demonstrated statistically significant reductions in GCF MBL levels, along with a decrease in mean serum MBL levels, following SRP in patients with chronic periodontitis. Assessment of MBL levels can serve as a significant biomarker in the diagnosis of periodontal disease and its treatment outcome.

Severe periodontitis lesions can harbor hundreds of thousands of copies of productive cytomegalovirus. Cytomegalovirus virions from maternal periodontitis can enter the bloodstream and potentially infect a fetus, leading to serious congenital disorders or diseases. Cleft lip and palate have been associated with congenital cytomegalovirus infections. A review of the literature suggests that babies are at increased risk for developing orofacial clefts if born to a woman with severe periodontitis, a weakened immune system, and an active cytomegalovirus infection during the first trimester of pregnancy. The proposed periodontal treatment aims to eliminate cytomegalovirus from the periodontium, thereby reducing the risk of orofacial clefts. The treatment involves 1 week of systemic valacyclovir and daily sodium hypochlorite oral rinsing during the 2 months before conception and the first trimester of pregnancy. In summary, cytomegalovirus in maternal periodontitis is a risk factor for the development of orofacial clefts in an unborn baby, who may benefit from preemptive periodontal treatment. Women should be informed that untreated maternal periodontitis can lead to serious birth defects in the mouth and throughout the body.

Background: The gingival phenotype (GP) plays a critical role in determining the effectiveness of restorative, regenerative, esthetic, and implant therapy. A thick tissue phenotype generates more favorable outcomes than a thin phenotype following corrective periodontal procedures.

Aim: To evaluate the effectiveness of microneedling (MN) combined with Vitamin C versus Vitamin C alone in the management of a thin GP.

Materials and methods: This was a split-mouth study involving 28 systemically healthy subjects with a thin GP in the anterior teeth region. The subjects were randomly treated with a combination of MN and injectable Vitamin C (MN + i-Vit C) and injectable Vitamin C (i-Vit C) alone. Treatment involved four sessions with 7-day intervals. Periodontal parameters evaluated included gingival thickness (GT), keratinized tissue width (KTW), plaque index, bleeding on probing, gingival index, probing depth, and clinical attachment level at baseline, 1, and 3 months after treatment.

Results: The percentage change in GT at baseline versus 3 months in the MN + i-Vit C group and the i-Vit C group was 28.23% and 5.90%, respectively, and the difference was highly significant. In the intragroup comparisons, a significant (P < 0.05) increase in GT was observed within both groups at the 3-month follow-up. No significant changes in KTW were observed in either group.

Conclusion: The synergistic effect of MN and i-Vit C contributes toward improving the GP. This combination presents a promising strategy for optimizing gingival health and esthetics.

Full-mouth implant-supported prosthetic rehabilitation for failing dentition is a complex, multifactorial process influenced by prosthetic materials and peri-implant periodontal health. Traditionally, porcelain-fused-to-metal (PFM) frameworks have ensured functional stability and acceptable esthetics; however, the advent of monolithic zirconia layered with porcelain has introduced enhanced mechanical strength and esthetic appeal. This retrospective case series evaluated the 3-year clinical outcomes of full-arch implant-supported prostheses fabricated using either monolithic zirconia or PFM in edentulous patients, focusing on peri-implant soft-tissue health, marginal bone loss, and prosthetic complications. Ten edentulous patients rehabilitated with full-arch implant-supported prostheses were included and assessed clinically and radiographically for peri-implant tissue health, plaque accumulation, probing depth, bleeding on probing, marginal bone levels, and technical complications over a 3-year follow-up. Both prosthetic materials demonstrated stable peri-implant tissue health and 100% implant survival at the 3-year mark. Monolithic zirconia restorations exhibited reduced plaque accumulation, stable bone levels, and absence of prosthetic complications, whereas the PFM group showed minor technical issues such as porcelain chipping and screw loosening. Within the limitations of this study, both materials proved clinically viable for full-arch implant rehabilitation; however, monolithic zirconia showed a trend toward superior biological and mechanical outcomes. Larger, prospective studies are warranted to validate these preliminary findings.