The increasing demand for faster, robust, and efficient device development of enabling technology to mass production of industrial research in circuit design deals with challenges like size, efficiency, power, and scalability. This paper, presents a design and analysis of low power high speed full adder using negative capacitance field effecting transistors. A comprehensive study is performed with adiabatic logic and reversable logic. The performance of full adder is studied with metal oxide field effect transistor (MOSFET) and negative capacitance field effecting (NCFET). The NCFET based full adder offers a low power and high speed compared with conventional MOSFET. The complete design and analysis are performed using cadence virtuoso. The adiabatic logic offering low delay of 0.023 ns and reversable logic is offering low power of 7.19 mw.
{"title":"Role of tuning techniques in advancing the performance of negative capacitance field effecting based full adder","authors":"Ravuri Daniel, Bode Prasad, Abhay Chaturvedi, Chinthaguntla Balaswamy, Dorababu Sudarsa, Nallathambi Vinodhkumar, Ramakrishna Reddy Eamani, Ambarapu Sudhakar, Bodapati Venkata Rajanna","doi":"10.11591/ijres.v13.i1.pp59-68","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11591/ijres.v13.i1.pp59-68","url":null,"abstract":"The increasing demand for faster, robust, and efficient device development of enabling technology to mass production of industrial research in circuit design deals with challenges like size, efficiency, power, and scalability. This paper, presents a design and analysis of low power high speed full adder using negative capacitance field effecting transistors. A comprehensive study is performed with adiabatic logic and reversable logic. The performance of full adder is studied with metal oxide field effect transistor (MOSFET) and negative capacitance field effecting (NCFET). The NCFET based full adder offers a low power and high speed compared with conventional MOSFET. The complete design and analysis are performed using cadence virtuoso. The adiabatic logic offering low delay of 0.023 ns and reversable logic is offering low power of 7.19 mw.","PeriodicalId":158991,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Reconfigurable and Embedded Systems (IJRES)","volume":"120 27","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140090341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Drones provide an alternative progression in protection submissions since they are capable of conducting autonomous seismic investigations. Recent advancement in unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) communication is an internet of a drone combined with 5G networks. Because of the quick utilization of rapidly progressed registering frameworks besides 5G officialdoms, the information from the user is consistently refreshed and pooled. Thus, safety or confidentiality is vital among clients, and a proficient substantiation methodology utilizing a vigorous sanctuary key. Conventional procedures ensure a few restrictions however taking care of the assault arrangements in information transmission over the internet of drones (IOD) environmental frameworks. A unique hyper elliptical curve (HEC) cryptographically based validation system is proposed to provide protected data facilities among drones. The proposed method has been compared with the existing methods in terms of packet loss rate, computational cost, and delay and thereby provides better insight into efficient and secure communication. Finally, the simulation results show that our strategy is efficient in both computation and communication.
{"title":"Hyperelliptic curve based authentication for the internet of drones","authors":"Aloy Anuja Mary Gnanaraj, Farithkhan Abbasali, Aanandha Saravanan Kumar, Sathyasri Bala Subramanian, Murugan Chinnathambi","doi":"10.11591/ijres.v13.i1.pp133-142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11591/ijres.v13.i1.pp133-142","url":null,"abstract":"Drones provide an alternative progression in protection submissions since they are capable of conducting autonomous seismic investigations. Recent advancement in unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) communication is an internet of a drone combined with 5G networks. Because of the quick utilization of rapidly progressed registering frameworks besides 5G officialdoms, the information from the user is consistently refreshed and pooled. Thus, safety or confidentiality is vital among clients, and a proficient substantiation methodology utilizing a vigorous sanctuary key. Conventional procedures ensure a few restrictions however taking care of the assault arrangements in information transmission over the internet of drones (IOD) environmental frameworks. A unique hyper elliptical curve (HEC) cryptographically based validation system is proposed to provide protected data facilities among drones. The proposed method has been compared with the existing methods in terms of packet loss rate, computational cost, and delay and thereby provides better insight into efficient and secure communication. Finally, the simulation results show that our strategy is efficient in both computation and communication.","PeriodicalId":158991,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Reconfigurable and Embedded Systems (IJRES)","volume":"1 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140083774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-01DOI: 10.11591/ijres.v13.i1.pp96-104
Preet Kamal Singh, Harmeet Singh, Jaspreet Kaur
In order to provide sensing services to low-powered IoT devices, wireless sensor networks (WSNs) organize specialized transducers into networks. Energy usage is one of the most important design concerns in WSN because it is very hard to replace or recharge the batteries in sensor nodes. For an energy-constrained network, the clustering technique is crucial in preserving battery life. By strategically selecting a cluster head (CH), a network's load can be balanced, resulting in decreased energy usage and extended system life. Although clustering has been predominantly used in the literature, the concept of chain-based clustering has not yet been explored. As a result, in this paper, we employ a chain-based clustering architecture for data dissemination in the network. Furthermore, for CH selection, we employ the coati optimisation algorithm, which was recently proposed and has demonstrated significant improvement over other optimization algorithms. In this method, the parameters considered for selecting the CH are energy, node density, distance, and the network’s average energy. The simulation results show tremendous improvement over the competitive cluster-based routing algorithms in the context of network lifetime, stability period (first node dead), transmission rate, and the network's power reserves.
{"title":"C4O: chain-based cooperative clustering using coati optimization algorithm in WSN","authors":"Preet Kamal Singh, Harmeet Singh, Jaspreet Kaur","doi":"10.11591/ijres.v13.i1.pp96-104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11591/ijres.v13.i1.pp96-104","url":null,"abstract":"In order to provide sensing services to low-powered IoT devices, wireless sensor networks (WSNs) organize specialized transducers into networks. Energy usage is one of the most important design concerns in WSN because it is very hard to replace or recharge the batteries in sensor nodes. For an energy-constrained network, the clustering technique is crucial in preserving battery life. By strategically selecting a cluster head (CH), a network's load can be balanced, resulting in decreased energy usage and extended system life. Although clustering has been predominantly used in the literature, the concept of chain-based clustering has not yet been explored. As a result, in this paper, we employ a chain-based clustering architecture for data dissemination in the network. Furthermore, for CH selection, we employ the coati optimisation algorithm, which was recently proposed and has demonstrated significant improvement over other optimization algorithms. In this method, the parameters considered for selecting the CH are energy, node density, distance, and the network’s average energy. The simulation results show tremendous improvement over the competitive cluster-based routing algorithms in the context of network lifetime, stability period (first node dead), transmission rate, and the network's power reserves.","PeriodicalId":158991,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Reconfigurable and Embedded Systems (IJRES)","volume":"84 20","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140084716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-01DOI: 10.11591/ijres.v13.i1.pp117-125
G. Fattah, J. Mabrouki, F. Ghrissi, Mohamed Elouardi
In a world where climate change looms large the spotlight often shines on greenhouse gases, but the shadow of man-made aerosols should not be underestimated. These tiny particles play a pivotal role in disrupting Earth's radiative equilibrium, yet many mysteries surround their influence on various physical aspects of our planet. The root of these mysteries lies in the limited data we have on aerosol sources, formation processes, conversion dynamics, and collection methods. Aerosols, composed of particulate matter (PM), sulfates, and nitrates, hold significant sway across the hemisphere. Accurate measurement demands the refinement of in-situ, satellite, and ground-based techniques. As aerosols interact intricately with the environment, their full impact remains an enigma. Enter a groundbreaking study in Morocco that dared to compare an internet of thing (IoT) system with satellite-based atmospheric models, with a focus on fine particles below 10 and 2.5 micrometers in diameter. The initial results, particularly in regions abundant with extraction pits, shed light on the IoT system's potential to decode aerosols' role in the grand narrative of climate change. These findings inspire hope as we confront the formidable global challenge of climate change.
{"title":"Innovative systems for the detection of air particles in the quarries of the Western Rif, Morocco","authors":"G. Fattah, J. Mabrouki, F. Ghrissi, Mohamed Elouardi","doi":"10.11591/ijres.v13.i1.pp117-125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11591/ijres.v13.i1.pp117-125","url":null,"abstract":"In a world where climate change looms large the spotlight often shines on greenhouse gases, but the shadow of man-made aerosols should not be underestimated. These tiny particles play a pivotal role in disrupting Earth's radiative equilibrium, yet many mysteries surround their influence on various physical aspects of our planet. The root of these mysteries lies in the limited data we have on aerosol sources, formation processes, conversion dynamics, and collection methods. Aerosols, composed of particulate matter (PM), sulfates, and nitrates, hold significant sway across the hemisphere. Accurate measurement demands the refinement of in-situ, satellite, and ground-based techniques. As aerosols interact intricately with the environment, their full impact remains an enigma. Enter a groundbreaking study in Morocco that dared to compare an internet of thing (IoT) system with satellite-based atmospheric models, with a focus on fine particles below 10 and 2.5 micrometers in diameter. The initial results, particularly in regions abundant with extraction pits, shed light on the IoT system's potential to decode aerosols' role in the grand narrative of climate change. These findings inspire hope as we confront the formidable global challenge of climate change.","PeriodicalId":158991,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Reconfigurable and Embedded Systems (IJRES)","volume":"65 15","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140085336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-01DOI: 10.11591/ijres.v13.i1.pp217-226
Josyula Siva Phaniram, Mukkamalla Babu Reddy
Because of the rapid growth in technology breakthroughs, including multimedia and cell phones, Telugu character recognition (TCR) has recently become a popular study area. It is still necessary to construct automated and intelligent online TCR models, even if many studies have focused on offline TCR models. The Telugu character dataset construction and validation using an Inception and ResNet-based model are presented. The collection of 645 letters in the dataset includes 18 Achus, 38 Hallus, 35 Othulu, 34×16 Guninthamulu, and 10 Ankelu. The proposed technique aims to efficiently recognize and identify distinctive Telugu characters online. This model's main pre-processing steps to achieve its goals include normalization, smoothing, and interpolation. Improved recognition performance can be attained by using stochastic gradient descent (SGD) to optimize the model's hyperparameters.
{"title":"Telugu letters dataset and parallel deep convolutional neural network with a SGD optimizer model for TCR","authors":"Josyula Siva Phaniram, Mukkamalla Babu Reddy","doi":"10.11591/ijres.v13.i1.pp217-226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11591/ijres.v13.i1.pp217-226","url":null,"abstract":"Because of the rapid growth in technology breakthroughs, including multimedia and cell phones, Telugu character recognition (TCR) has recently become a popular study area. It is still necessary to construct automated and intelligent online TCR models, even if many studies have focused on offline TCR models. The Telugu character dataset construction and validation using an Inception and ResNet-based model are presented. The collection of 645 letters in the dataset includes 18 Achus, 38 Hallus, 35 Othulu, 34×16 Guninthamulu, and 10 Ankelu. The proposed technique aims to efficiently recognize and identify distinctive Telugu characters online. This model's main pre-processing steps to achieve its goals include normalization, smoothing, and interpolation. Improved recognition performance can be attained by using stochastic gradient descent (SGD) to optimize the model's hyperparameters.","PeriodicalId":158991,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Reconfigurable and Embedded Systems (IJRES)","volume":"109 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140090069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-01DOI: 10.11591/ijres.v12.i3.pp442-452
Gehad Saleh Ahmed Mohammed, Norizan Mat Diah, Z. Ibrahim, N. Jamil
Vehicle detection and classification are essential for advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) and even traffic camera surveillance. Yet, it is challenging due to complex backgrounds, varying illumination intensities, occlusions, vehicle size, and type variations. This paper aims to apply you only look once (YOLO) since it has been proven to produce high object detection and classification accuracy. There are various versions of YOLO, and their performances differ. An investigation on the detection and classification performance of YOLOv3, YOLOv4, and YOLOv5 has been conducted. The training images were from common objects in context (COCO) and open image, two publicly available datasets. The testing input images were captured on a few highways in two main cities in Malaysia, namely Shah Alam and Kuala Lumpur. These images were captured using a mobile phone camera with different backgrounds during the day and night, representing different illuminations and varying types and sizes of vehicles. The accuracy and speed of detecting and classifying cars, trucks, buses, motorcycles, and bicycles have been evaluated. The experimental results show that YOLOv5 detects vehicles more accurately but slower than its predecessors, namely YOLOv4 and YOLOv3. Future work includes experimenting with newer versions of YOLO.
车辆检测和分类对于高级驾驶辅助系统(ADAS)甚至交通摄像头监控都是必不可少的。然而，由于复杂的背景、不同的照明强度、遮挡、车辆大小和类型变化，这是具有挑战性的。本文的目的是应用你只看一次(YOLO)，因为它已经被证明可以产生很高的目标检测和分类精度。YOLO有不同的版本，他们的表演也不同。对YOLOv3、YOLOv4和YOLOv5的检测和分类性能进行了研究。训练图像来自common objects in context (COCO)和open image这两个公开可用的数据集。测试输入的图像是在马来西亚两个主要城市，即沙阿南和吉隆坡的几条高速公路上拍摄的。这些图像是在白天和晚上用不同背景的手机相机拍摄的，代表了不同的照明和不同类型和大小的车辆。对汽车、卡车、公共汽车、摩托车和自行车的检测和分类的准确性和速度进行了评估。实验结果表明，与YOLOv4和YOLOv3相比，YOLOv5对车辆的检测精度更高，但速度较慢。未来的工作包括试验更新版本的YOLO。
{"title":"Vehicle detection and classification using three variations of you only look once algorithm","authors":"Gehad Saleh Ahmed Mohammed, Norizan Mat Diah, Z. Ibrahim, N. Jamil","doi":"10.11591/ijres.v12.i3.pp442-452","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11591/ijres.v12.i3.pp442-452","url":null,"abstract":"Vehicle detection and classification are essential for advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) and even traffic camera surveillance. Yet, it is challenging due to complex backgrounds, varying illumination intensities, occlusions, vehicle size, and type variations. This paper aims to apply you only look once (YOLO) since it has been proven to produce high object detection and classification accuracy. There are various versions of YOLO, and their performances differ. An investigation on the detection and classification performance of YOLOv3, YOLOv4, and YOLOv5 has been conducted. The training images were from common objects in context (COCO) and open image, two publicly available datasets. The testing input images were captured on a few highways in two main cities in Malaysia, namely Shah Alam and Kuala Lumpur. These images were captured using a mobile phone camera with different backgrounds during the day and night, representing different illuminations and varying types and sizes of vehicles. The accuracy and speed of detecting and classifying cars, trucks, buses, motorcycles, and bicycles have been evaluated. The experimental results show that YOLOv5 detects vehicles more accurately but slower than its predecessors, namely YOLOv4 and YOLOv3. Future work includes experimenting with newer versions of YOLO.","PeriodicalId":158991,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Reconfigurable and Embedded Systems (IJRES)","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126622309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-01DOI: 10.11591/ijres.v12.i3.pp403-413
Patil N. Siddalingappa, P. Basavaraj, Preethi Basavaraj, Premasudha B. Gowramma
Route optimization problem using vehicle routing problem (VRP) and time window constraint is explained as finding paths for a finite count of vehicles to provide service to a huge number of customers and hence, optimizing the path in a given duration of the time window. The vehicles in the loop have restricted intake of capacity. This path initiates from the depot, delivers the goods, and stops at the depot. Each customer is to serve exactly once. If the arrival of the vehicle is before the time window “opens” or when the time window “closes,” there will be waiting for cost and late cost. The challenge involved over here is to scheduling visits to customers who are only available during specific time windows. Ant colony optimization (ACO) algorithm is a meta-heuristic algorithm stimulated by the growing behaviour of real ants. In this paper, we combine the ACO algorithm with graph network henceforth increasing the number of vehicles in a particular depot for increasing the efficiency for timely delivery of the goods in a particular time width. This problem is solved by, an efficient technique known as the ACO+graph algorithm.
{"title":"Route optimization via improved ant colony algorithm with graph network","authors":"Patil N. Siddalingappa, P. Basavaraj, Preethi Basavaraj, Premasudha B. Gowramma","doi":"10.11591/ijres.v12.i3.pp403-413","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11591/ijres.v12.i3.pp403-413","url":null,"abstract":"Route optimization problem using vehicle routing problem (VRP) and time window constraint is explained as finding paths for a finite count of vehicles to provide service to a huge number of customers and hence, optimizing the path in a given duration of the time window. The vehicles in the loop have restricted intake of capacity. This path initiates from the depot, delivers the goods, and stops at the depot. Each customer is to serve exactly once. If the arrival of the vehicle is before the time window “opens” or when the time window “closes,” there will be waiting for cost and late cost. The challenge involved over here is to scheduling visits to customers who are only available during specific time windows. Ant colony optimization (ACO) algorithm is a meta-heuristic algorithm stimulated by the growing behaviour of real ants. In this paper, we combine the ACO algorithm with graph network henceforth increasing the number of vehicles in a particular depot for increasing the efficiency for timely delivery of the goods in a particular time width. This problem is solved by, an efficient technique known as the ACO+graph algorithm.","PeriodicalId":158991,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Reconfigurable and Embedded Systems (IJRES)","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131722114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-01DOI: 10.11591/ijres.v12.i3.pp453-461
Harn Tung Ng, Zhi Kean Tham, Nurul Aiman Abdul Rahim, Ammar Wafiq Rohim, Wei Wen Looi, Nur Syazreen Ahmad
In this paper, we present an internet of things (IoT) powered solution that facilitates effortless monitoring and management of vertical farming operations. Our proposed approach employs cost-effective embedded microcontrollers and sensors to keep a tab on crucial parameters like soil moisture, air humidity, and temperature. The data acquired from these sensors can be accessed through a web page that is compatible with all web browsers and smart gadgets such as mobile phones and tablets. Furthermore, the IoT platform offers users the ability to regulate soil moisture and administer ultraviolet light to plants. The system can bring many benefits such as enabling real-time monitoring and control of environmental conditions, reducing energy consumption, improving scalability and flexibility, and contributing to the sustainable and efficient production of food.
{"title":"IoT-enabled system for monitoring and controlling vertical farming operations","authors":"Harn Tung Ng, Zhi Kean Tham, Nurul Aiman Abdul Rahim, Ammar Wafiq Rohim, Wei Wen Looi, Nur Syazreen Ahmad","doi":"10.11591/ijres.v12.i3.pp453-461","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11591/ijres.v12.i3.pp453-461","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we present an internet of things (IoT) powered solution that facilitates effortless monitoring and management of vertical farming operations. Our proposed approach employs cost-effective embedded microcontrollers and sensors to keep a tab on crucial parameters like soil moisture, air humidity, and temperature. The data acquired from these sensors can be accessed through a web page that is compatible with all web browsers and smart gadgets such as mobile phones and tablets. Furthermore, the IoT platform offers users the ability to regulate soil moisture and administer ultraviolet light to plants. The system can bring many benefits such as enabling real-time monitoring and control of environmental conditions, reducing energy consumption, improving scalability and flexibility, and contributing to the sustainable and efficient production of food.","PeriodicalId":158991,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Reconfigurable and Embedded Systems (IJRES)","volume":"226 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123725781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-01DOI: 10.11591/ijres.v12.i3.pp351-359
Lu Bin Lau, N. S. Ahmad, P. Goh
A two-wheeled self-balancing robot (TWSBR) is an underactuated system that is inherently nonlinear and unstable. While many control methods have been introduced to enhance the performance, there is no unique solution when it comes to hardware implementation as the robot’s stability is highly dependent on accuracy of sensors and robustness of the electronic control systems. In this study, a TWSBR that is controlled by an embedded NI myRIO-1900 board with LabVIEW-based control scheme is developed. We compare the performance between proportional-integral-derivative (PID) and linear quadratic regulator (LQR) schemes which are designed based on the TWSBR’s model that is constructed from Newtonian principles. A hybrid PID-LQR scheme is then proposed to compensate for the individual components’ limitations. Experimental results demonstrate the PID is more effective at regulating the tilt angle of the robot in the presence of external disturbances, but it necessitates a higher velocity to sustain its equilibrium. The LQR on the other hand outperforms PID in terms of maximum initial tilt angle. By combining both schemes, significant improvements can be observed, such as an increase in maximum initial tilt angle and a reduction in settling time.
{"title":"Self-balancing robot: modeling and comparative analysis between PID and linear quadratic regulator","authors":"Lu Bin Lau, N. S. Ahmad, P. Goh","doi":"10.11591/ijres.v12.i3.pp351-359","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11591/ijres.v12.i3.pp351-359","url":null,"abstract":"A two-wheeled self-balancing robot (TWSBR) is an underactuated system that is inherently nonlinear and unstable. While many control methods have been introduced to enhance the performance, there is no unique solution when it comes to hardware implementation as the robot’s stability is highly dependent on accuracy of sensors and robustness of the electronic control systems. In this study, a TWSBR that is controlled by an embedded NI myRIO-1900 board with LabVIEW-based control scheme is developed. We compare the performance between proportional-integral-derivative (PID) and linear quadratic regulator (LQR) schemes which are designed based on the TWSBR’s model that is constructed from Newtonian principles. A hybrid PID-LQR scheme is then proposed to compensate for the individual components’ limitations. Experimental results demonstrate the PID is more effective at regulating the tilt angle of the robot in the presence of external disturbances, but it necessitates a higher velocity to sustain its equilibrium. The LQR on the other hand outperforms PID in terms of maximum initial tilt angle. By combining both schemes, significant improvements can be observed, such as an increase in maximum initial tilt angle and a reduction in settling time.","PeriodicalId":158991,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Reconfigurable and Embedded Systems (IJRES)","volume":"85 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133822532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A novel approach for classification of user behaviour prediction using proposed embracing the optimized fuzzy techniques to predicting the user data in M-commerce. Using this technique, network users can be monitored and their behavior categorized according to their activity. Unauthorized use of the website, network security breach attempts, firewalls, unauthorized access to the service and frequency of attempts. The proposed method has been adapted with the user classification to predict the predefine segregation of information to extract from user logs. Pattern recognition is a method for information discovery that results in current information patterns. Continuing items are a required task in various knowledge mining operations in pursuit of fascinating types from the data banks, including association rules, connections, sequences, episodes, classifications, bunches and much more. The functionality findings achieved in relation to precision and recall show that our technique can contribute to predicting more accurately than the different approaches. This paper focuses on to enhance the far better forecast for the mobile phone users through locating more reliable frequent patterns coming from the consumer deal data bank through looking at the body weight value of each thing collection and also examining the consumer activities on all time intervals.
{"title":"A new fuzzy rule-based optimization approach for predicting the user behaviour classification in M-commerce","authors":"Muniappan Ramaraj, Jothish Chembath, Balluru Thammaiahshetty Adishankar Nithya, Gnanakumar Ganesan, Balakrishnan Uma Shankari, Nagarajan Karthikeyan","doi":"10.11591/ijres.v12.i3.pp320-328","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11591/ijres.v12.i3.pp320-328","url":null,"abstract":"A novel approach for classification of user behaviour prediction using proposed embracing the optimized fuzzy techniques to predicting the user data in M-commerce. Using this technique, network users can be monitored and their behavior categorized according to their activity. Unauthorized use of the website, network security breach attempts, firewalls, unauthorized access to the service and frequency of attempts. The proposed method has been adapted with the user classification to predict the predefine segregation of information to extract from user logs. Pattern recognition is a method for information discovery that results in current information patterns. Continuing items are a required task in various knowledge mining operations in pursuit of fascinating types from the data banks, including association rules, connections, sequences, episodes, classifications, bunches and much more. The functionality findings achieved in relation to precision and recall show that our technique can contribute to predicting more accurately than the different approaches. This paper focuses on to enhance the far better forecast for the mobile phone users through locating more reliable frequent patterns coming from the consumer deal data bank through looking at the body weight value of each thing collection and also examining the consumer activities on all time intervals.","PeriodicalId":158991,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Reconfigurable and Embedded Systems (IJRES)","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122690484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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