The article addresses the challenges facing the Democratic Republic of Congo, highlighting the exploitation of resources by foreign actors. It advocates for a historical analysis to understand the foundations of the state and democracy, emphasizing the gap between Western political practices and African values. Proposing a democratic state rooted in Congolese society, the text explores the failures of successive regimes, notably the period of Mobutu, marked by economic and political decay. Discussing rebellions and conflicts, it argues for a restructuring of the state based on African reality, the promotion of collective identities, and the necessity of an engaged elite. The conclusion underscores the need for a change in mentality, questioning negative values, and a thoughtful approach to build a democratic state that meets the needs of Congolese society.
{"title":"Construire un Etat démocratique RDC : du concept d’Etat à la conception du pouvoir","authors":"Jean-Macaire Munzele, Abel Nsolo","doi":"10.59189/crsh102261","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59189/crsh102261","url":null,"abstract":"The article addresses the challenges facing the Democratic Republic of Congo, highlighting the exploitation of resources by foreign actors. It advocates for a historical analysis to understand the foundations of the state and democracy, emphasizing the gap between Western political practices and African values. Proposing a democratic state rooted in Congolese society, the text explores the failures of successive regimes, notably the period of Mobutu, marked by economic and political decay. Discussing rebellions and conflicts, it argues for a restructuring of the state based on African reality, the promotion of collective identities, and the necessity of an engaged elite. The conclusion underscores the need for a change in mentality, questioning negative values, and a thoughtful approach to build a democratic state that meets the needs of Congolese society.","PeriodicalId":159049,"journal":{"name":"Revue congolaise des sciences humaines et sociales","volume":"4 28","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140733049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
With the evolution of society and technologies, the world of the 21st century is a world in perpetual change. This change is seen in the areas; political, social, economic, cultural, etc. The field of education, being a priority area due to its training of the bearers of these changes, is not spared from this rapid change. The Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) has embarked on a process of democratization for several years. This openness to democracy has enabled this country to implement several reforms affecting multiple areas. In the field of education, considered the torchbearer of the country’s development, large-scale reforms have been made to try to make the Congolese education system efficient. Despite this desire and these multiple reforms, the Congolese university system is described by several researchers as being in crisis. The problems that prevent it from performing well are as numerous as they are varied. For several decades, organizations, experts and researchers both in the Democratic Republic of Congo and elsewhere have sought to understand this educational crisis in the Democratic Republic of Congo. Several solutions but the system is the same until now.
{"title":"L’université congolaise, à l’heure de la réingénierie culturelle","authors":"Alphonse MIEMA BONGO","doi":"10.59189/crsh102254","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59189/crsh102254","url":null,"abstract":"With the evolution of society and technologies, the world of the 21st century is a world in perpetual change. This change is seen in the areas; political, social, economic, cultural, etc. The field of education, being a priority area due to its training of the bearers of these changes, is not spared from this rapid change. The Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) has embarked on a process of democratization for several years. This openness to democracy has enabled this country to implement several reforms affecting multiple areas. In the field of education, considered the torchbearer of the country’s development, large-scale reforms have been made to try to make the Congolese education system efficient. Despite this desire and these multiple reforms, the Congolese university system is described by several researchers as being in crisis. The problems that prevent it from performing well are as numerous as they are varied. For several decades, organizations, experts and researchers both in the Democratic Republic of Congo and elsewhere have sought to understand this educational crisis in the Democratic Republic of Congo. Several solutions but the system is the same until now.","PeriodicalId":159049,"journal":{"name":"Revue congolaise des sciences humaines et sociales","volume":"57 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140733753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the Congolese collective memory, the injection of new banknotes, especially with high face value, is a harbinger of rampant inflation and a depreciation of the national currency. The unfortunate experiences of the 1990s are at the origin of the psychological equality “big bills = rising prices”. However, the adaptation of the fiduciary range that took place in 2012 showed that the methodical introduction of a new range of paper money can be painless for the economy and provide it with certain advantages. More than ten years after this success, this article reviews the strategies put in place at the time to achieve it. It highlights the consolidation of macroeconomic stability and a communication strategy thanks to which the expectations of economic agents have ceased to be retrospective to become forward-looking.
{"title":"Grosses coupures ou billets à valeur faciale adaptée ? Analyse retrospective de la réforme de l’éventail fiduciaire congolais en 2012 et leçons","authors":"Bobo B. Kabungu","doi":"10.59189/crsh102251","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59189/crsh102251","url":null,"abstract":"In the Congolese collective memory, the injection of new banknotes, especially with high face value, is a harbinger of rampant inflation and a depreciation of the national currency. The unfortunate experiences of the 1990s are at the origin of the psychological equality “big bills = rising prices”. However, the adaptation of the fiduciary range that took place in 2012 showed that the methodical introduction of a new range of paper money can be painless for the economy and provide it with certain advantages. More than ten years after this success, this article reviews the strategies put in place at the time to achieve it. It highlights the consolidation of macroeconomic stability and a communication strategy thanks to which the expectations of economic agents have ceased to be retrospective to become forward-looking.","PeriodicalId":159049,"journal":{"name":"Revue congolaise des sciences humaines et sociales","volume":"4 26","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140733051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Phanouel Kagufa, Pascaline Ntabugi, Bobo B. Kabungu
This research paper aims to analyze the different relationships that exist between the inflation rate and economic growth, in the Congolese context, and to determine their implications in terms of economic policies. The approach is based on a combination of descriptive and econometric analyses, covering the period 1960-2018. This shows, on the one hand, the existence of a negative but insignificant link in the first three phases of the country's economic development and, on the other hand, a statically significant negative relationship with regard to the fourth phase. In addition, the study highlights a unilateral causality going from the rate of economic growth to the rate of inflation in the first and third phases. By way of recommendations, it is suggested to put in place mechanisms aimed at strengthening and consolidating the macroeconomic framework, based on the application of restrictive short-term policies and ambitious structural reforms and incentives favorable to public and private investment. It is only in this way that the increase in the DRC's gross domestic product can accelerate and be sustained, subject to a moderate or controlled variation in the general level of domestic prices.
{"title":"Évolution des prix intérieurs et activité économique en RDC de 1960 à 2018 : analyse descriptive, corrélation et politiques subséquentes","authors":"Phanouel Kagufa, Pascaline Ntabugi, Bobo B. Kabungu","doi":"10.59189/crsh102255","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59189/crsh102255","url":null,"abstract":"This research paper aims to analyze the different relationships that exist between the inflation rate and economic growth, in the Congolese context, and to determine their implications in terms of economic policies. The approach is based on a combination of descriptive and econometric analyses, covering the period 1960-2018. This shows, on the one hand, the existence of a negative but insignificant link in the first three phases of the country's economic development and, on the other hand, a statically significant negative relationship with regard to the fourth phase. In addition, the study highlights a unilateral causality going from the rate of economic growth to the rate of inflation in the first and third phases. By way of recommendations, it is suggested to put in place mechanisms aimed at strengthening and consolidating the macroeconomic framework, based on the application of restrictive short-term policies and ambitious structural reforms and incentives favorable to public and private investment. It is only in this way that the increase in the DRC's gross domestic product can accelerate and be sustained, subject to a moderate or controlled variation in the general level of domestic prices.","PeriodicalId":159049,"journal":{"name":"Revue congolaise des sciences humaines et sociales","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139281811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Covid-19 shock has maken the uncertainty more acute. That uncertainty has seriously dysfunctioning the Congolese economy and influenced the implementation of the monetary policy. Using the “Minnesota Prior Bayesian VAR model”, we are estimating the Covid-19 uncertainty shock on the economy and monetary policy response. The effect of Covid-19 uncertainty strikes unprecedented aggregate demand and the economy. In addition, it undermines the action of monetary policy to soften this fall in aggregate demand and curb inflation impacted by pass-through effect. However, the shock of monetary policy via an appropriate control of monetary base seems comfortable to mitigate this crisis. We suggest a consistency of the policy mix and the careful development of unconventional monetary policy framework to hope for a recovery and to ensure confidence.
{"title":"Analyse et prospective de la réponse de politique en RD Congo face à l’incertitude de la Covid-19","authors":"Alain Malata, Christian P. Pinshi","doi":"10.59189/crsh102234","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59189/crsh102234","url":null,"abstract":"The Covid-19 shock has maken the uncertainty more acute. That uncertainty has seriously dysfunctioning the Congolese economy and influenced the implementation of the monetary policy. Using the “Minnesota Prior Bayesian VAR model”, we are estimating the Covid-19 uncertainty shock on the economy and monetary policy response. The effect of Covid-19 uncertainty strikes unprecedented aggregate demand and the economy. In addition, it undermines the action of monetary policy to soften this fall in aggregate demand and curb inflation impacted by pass-through effect. However, the shock of monetary policy via an appropriate control of monetary base seems comfortable to mitigate this crisis. We suggest a consistency of the policy mix and the careful development of unconventional monetary policy framework to hope for a recovery and to ensure confidence.","PeriodicalId":159049,"journal":{"name":"Revue congolaise des sciences humaines et sociales","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131544688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kasai Central, a young, post-conflict province in the Democratic Republic of Congo, is extremely fragile in the five dimensions (political, security, economic, societal and environmental) of the OECD’s analytical framework of fragility. Its ability to adapt, manage, absorb and mitigate the risks it faces on a daily basis remains in deficit. It is in this context that the Covid-19 pandemic has arisen, which imposes new risks relating to the containment measures and restrictions put in place to fight against the spread of the epidemic, even though the province is among the least affected by the Covid-19 disease on its territory. How to build his capacity for resilience to be able to get by?
{"title":"L’Etat de fragilité des provinces de la RD Congo face à la pandémie de Covid-19. Le cas du Kasai-central","authors":"Grégoire Ngalamulume Tshiebue","doi":"10.59189/crsh102236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59189/crsh102236","url":null,"abstract":"Kasai Central, a young, post-conflict province in the Democratic Republic of Congo, is extremely fragile in the five dimensions (political, security, economic, societal and environmental) of the OECD’s analytical framework of fragility. Its ability to adapt, manage, absorb and mitigate the risks it faces on a daily basis remains in deficit. It is in this context that the Covid-19 pandemic has arisen, which imposes new risks relating to the containment measures and restrictions put in place to fight against the spread of the epidemic, even though the province is among the least affected by the Covid-19 disease on its territory. How to build his capacity for resilience to be able to get by?","PeriodicalId":159049,"journal":{"name":"Revue congolaise des sciences humaines et sociales","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129395730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In a context of crisis, communication provides reassurance. With particular regard to the pandemic linked to Covid-19, all the countries of the world have embarked on awareness campaigns for their respective populations with little or no success. In this paper, an evaluation grid for the communication strategy of the Congolese public authorities during the first wave of the coronavirus disease is proposed. The ad hoc index that is constructed reveals that the organization of public awareness has neither met the height nor the complexity of the challenge. Hence the need to strengthen the coherence of government action and to consider community outreach from below added to publicity of influential figures.
{"title":"La communication des pouvoirs publics congolais en contexte pandémique : quelle évaluation au coeur de la crise de la Covid-19","authors":"Bobo B. Kabungu","doi":"10.59189/crsh102237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59189/crsh102237","url":null,"abstract":"In a context of crisis, communication provides reassurance. With particular regard to the pandemic linked to Covid-19, all the countries of the world have embarked on awareness campaigns for their respective populations with little or no success. In this paper, an evaluation grid for the communication strategy of the Congolese public authorities during the first wave of the coronavirus disease is proposed. The ad hoc index that is constructed reveals that the organization of public awareness has neither met the height nor the complexity of the challenge. Hence the need to strengthen the coherence of government action and to consider community outreach from below added to publicity of influential figures.","PeriodicalId":159049,"journal":{"name":"Revue congolaise des sciences humaines et sociales","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121005438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
La République Démocratique du Congo subit l’impact de la crise sanitaire liée à la propagation du coronavirus à deux niveaux : (i) sur le plan international, les mesures de précaution de santé ont imposé la fermeture de plusieurs usines suivie de celle des frontières, paralysant le commerce international ; (ii) sur le plan intérieur, le Gouvernement a opté pour le confinement du centre de la capitale, la suspension des activités de l’industrie du divertissement et de la restauration et la limitation de la circulation des personnes, y compris entre provinces. Ce choc n’est pas sans conséquences. Pour la première fois depuis près de 20 ans, le pays enregistrera une décroissance économique du fait de l’arrêt de l’appareil productif (-2,4 %). Dans ce contexte, les prix des biens et services, principalement des produits de première nécessité, s’envolent notamment à cause d’une demande excédent l’offre, laquelle est, par ailleurs, principalement alimentée par l’importation. Cette réalité est vécue dans la quasi-totalité des pays africains. Face à cette situation, il importe d’actionner des politiques conjoncturelles et structurelles à cibler.
{"title":"Impact de la pandémie à coronavirus sur les prix des produits de première nécessité et politiques macroéconomique subséquentes","authors":"Bobo B. Kabungu","doi":"10.59189/crsh102233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59189/crsh102233","url":null,"abstract":"La République Démocratique du Congo subit l’impact de la crise sanitaire liée à la propagation du coronavirus à deux niveaux : (i) sur le plan international, les mesures de précaution de santé ont imposé la fermeture de plusieurs usines suivie de celle des frontières, paralysant le commerce international ; (ii) sur le plan intérieur, le Gouvernement a opté pour le confinement du centre de la capitale, la suspension des activités de l’industrie du divertissement et de la restauration et la limitation de la circulation des personnes, y compris entre provinces. Ce choc n’est pas sans conséquences. Pour la première fois depuis près de 20 ans, le pays enregistrera une décroissance économique du fait de l’arrêt de l’appareil productif (-2,4 %). Dans ce contexte, les prix des biens et services, principalement des produits de première nécessité, s’envolent notamment à cause d’une demande excédent l’offre, laquelle est, par ailleurs, principalement alimentée par l’importation. Cette réalité est vécue dans la quasi-totalité des pays africains. Face à cette situation, il importe d’actionner des politiques conjoncturelles et structurelles à cibler.","PeriodicalId":159049,"journal":{"name":"Revue congolaise des sciences humaines et sociales","volume":"99 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116805064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Covid-19 pandemic is an unprecedented threat to health. Like other States, the DRC has taken unprecedented and exceptional measures to fight the outbreak of the virus and preserve human lives. These measures have restricted several human rights and fundamental freedoms, in addition to revealing a conflict between the right to protection of health and the right to freedom of movement, both fundamental and essential to the development of the person. However, taken in accordance with the Constitution and with the aim of protecting public health and the life of the population, measures restricting freedom of movement are disproportionate to the health risks. They have given rise to alarming consequences for a poor population deprived of the means of daily survival and social security, and ignore the principle of the indivisibility of human rights.
{"title":"Le droit à la liberté de circulation des personnes à l’épreuve des mesures de lutte contre la pandémie de la Covid-19 en RDC","authors":"Jimmy Kamunga Ngalula","doi":"10.59189/crsh102238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59189/crsh102238","url":null,"abstract":"The Covid-19 pandemic is an unprecedented threat to health. Like other States, the DRC has taken unprecedented and exceptional measures to fight the outbreak of the virus and preserve human lives. These measures have restricted several human rights and fundamental freedoms, in addition to revealing a conflict between the right to protection of health and the right to freedom of movement, both fundamental and essential to the development of the person. However, taken in accordance with the Constitution and with the aim of protecting public health and the life of the population, measures restricting freedom of movement are disproportionate to the health risks. They have given rise to alarming consequences for a poor population deprived of the means of daily survival and social security, and ignore the principle of the indivisibility of human rights.","PeriodicalId":159049,"journal":{"name":"Revue congolaise des sciences humaines et sociales","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116647391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Florent Mukeba, Michel Kapembo, P. Mpiana, C. Mulaji, John Poté
In many suburban municipalities in Sub-Saharan African countries, the water used in households comes mainly from groundwater, including wells and streams. These springs are vulnerable due to the prevailing poor hygiene and sanitation conditions, leading to the persistence and recurrence of waterborne diseases. In this research, a study on the use of water resources and an epidemiological survey on waterborne diseases were carried out among users of water points and medical institutions in the suburban communes of Selembao and Kimbanseke in the city of Kinshasa, in the DRC. The results of the survey indicate that the users of the selected water points run the risk of catching waterborne diseases, due to a lack of appropriate hygienic habits and due to high microbiological pollution. Hence the need to raise awareness among those concerned.
{"title":"Approvisionnement et évaluation de la qualité des eaux souterraines de Selembao et Kimbanseke","authors":"Florent Mukeba, Michel Kapembo, P. Mpiana, C. Mulaji, John Poté","doi":"10.59189/crsh102240","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59189/crsh102240","url":null,"abstract":"In many suburban municipalities in Sub-Saharan African countries, the water used in households comes mainly from groundwater, including wells and streams. These springs are vulnerable due to the prevailing poor hygiene and sanitation conditions, leading to the persistence and recurrence of waterborne diseases. In this research, a study on the use of water resources and an epidemiological survey on waterborne diseases were carried out among users of water points and medical institutions in the suburban communes of Selembao and Kimbanseke in the city of Kinshasa, in the DRC. The results of the survey indicate that the users of the selected water points run the risk of catching waterborne diseases, due to a lack of appropriate hygienic habits and due to high microbiological pollution. Hence the need to raise awareness among those concerned.","PeriodicalId":159049,"journal":{"name":"Revue congolaise des sciences humaines et sociales","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127753015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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