Pub Date : 2001-11-04DOI: 10.1109/NSSMIC.2001.1009662
A. Sokolov, A. Pchelintsev, A. Loupilov, V. A. Zalinkevich, A. Lapenas
The design and characteristics of the spectrometer for beta-particles and conversional electrons in the energy range from 15 to 3000 keV and X-ray radiation from 2 to 60 keV are presented. Radiation registration is executed by SiLi detector with sensitive area of 500 mm/sup 2/ and thickness of 4.5 mm. The energy resolution for conversional electrons with energy 624 keV were found to be 2.0 keV and X-ray with energy 5.9 keV were found to be 280 eV.
{"title":"Beta and X-ray spectrometer for monitoring of beta-radiating nuclides","authors":"A. Sokolov, A. Pchelintsev, A. Loupilov, V. A. Zalinkevich, A. Lapenas","doi":"10.1109/NSSMIC.2001.1009662","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NSSMIC.2001.1009662","url":null,"abstract":"The design and characteristics of the spectrometer for beta-particles and conversional electrons in the energy range from 15 to 3000 keV and X-ray radiation from 2 to 60 keV are presented. Radiation registration is executed by SiLi detector with sensitive area of 500 mm/sup 2/ and thickness of 4.5 mm. The energy resolution for conversional electrons with energy 624 keV were found to be 2.0 keV and X-ray with energy 5.9 keV were found to be 280 eV.","PeriodicalId":159123,"journal":{"name":"2001 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record (Cat. No.01CH37310)","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128367654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-11-04DOI: 10.1109/NSSMIC.2001.1009186
C. Riddell, I. Buvat, A. Savi, M. Gilardi, F. Fazio
A least-square reconstruction criterion is proposed for simultaneously estimating a SPECT (Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography) emission distribution corrected for attenuation together with its degree of regularization. Only a regularization trend has to be defined and tuned once for all on a reference study. Given this regularization trend, the precise regularization weight, which is usually fixed a priori, is automatically computed for each data set to adapt to the noise content of the data. We demonstrate that this adaptive process yields better results when the noise conditions change than when the regularization weight is kept constant. This adaptation is illustrated on simulated cardiac data for noise variations due to changes in the acquisition duration, in the background intensity and in the attenuation map.
{"title":"Iterative reconstruction of SPECT data with adaptive regularization","authors":"C. Riddell, I. Buvat, A. Savi, M. Gilardi, F. Fazio","doi":"10.1109/NSSMIC.2001.1009186","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NSSMIC.2001.1009186","url":null,"abstract":"A least-square reconstruction criterion is proposed for simultaneously estimating a SPECT (Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography) emission distribution corrected for attenuation together with its degree of regularization. Only a regularization trend has to be defined and tuned once for all on a reference study. Given this regularization trend, the precise regularization weight, which is usually fixed a priori, is automatically computed for each data set to adapt to the noise content of the data. We demonstrate that this adaptive process yields better results when the noise conditions change than when the regularization weight is kept constant. This adaptation is illustrated on simulated cardiac data for noise variations due to changes in the acquisition duration, in the background intensity and in the attenuation map.","PeriodicalId":159123,"journal":{"name":"2001 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record (Cat. No.01CH37310)","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128742381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-11-04DOI: 10.1109/NSSMIC.2001.1009266
M. Durbin, C. Bai, Jinghan Ye, Z. Zhao, A. Da Silva, L. Shao
Cardiac SPECT using Tl-201 suffers from low count statistics. Any statistical studies concerning the evaluation of a reconstruction algorithm, acquisition parameters, diagnostic confidence, etc., for clinical applications are impacted by the difficulty of obtaining data with multiple noise realizations. For this work, we acquired list-mode data of a Tl-201 cardiac phantom with very high counts in three configurations-with an anterior defect, an inferior defect, and no defect. The list-mode data were repartitioned to obtain statistically independent multiple data sets all with the same, clinically relevant noise level. Images were reconstructed from each of the resulting data sets using an iterative algorithm with attenuation correction. Reconstructed images were examined by four human observers, as well as analyzed quantitatively. The ability of observers to differentiate between normal scans and scans with defects varied substantially among datasets. There was correlation between the measured defect detectability and the visual assessment. The fact that the visibility of defects and the uniformity of normal scans varied significantly from one data set to the next, even when both were acquired at the same time, under identical conditions, indicates that the low statistics levels at clinical doses can have a measurable effect on diagnostic confidence.
{"title":"Study of the effect of statistical fluctuations on defect detectability at clinical count levels in cardiac SPECT","authors":"M. Durbin, C. Bai, Jinghan Ye, Z. Zhao, A. Da Silva, L. Shao","doi":"10.1109/NSSMIC.2001.1009266","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NSSMIC.2001.1009266","url":null,"abstract":"Cardiac SPECT using Tl-201 suffers from low count statistics. Any statistical studies concerning the evaluation of a reconstruction algorithm, acquisition parameters, diagnostic confidence, etc., for clinical applications are impacted by the difficulty of obtaining data with multiple noise realizations. For this work, we acquired list-mode data of a Tl-201 cardiac phantom with very high counts in three configurations-with an anterior defect, an inferior defect, and no defect. The list-mode data were repartitioned to obtain statistically independent multiple data sets all with the same, clinically relevant noise level. Images were reconstructed from each of the resulting data sets using an iterative algorithm with attenuation correction. Reconstructed images were examined by four human observers, as well as analyzed quantitatively. The ability of observers to differentiate between normal scans and scans with defects varied substantially among datasets. There was correlation between the measured defect detectability and the visual assessment. The fact that the visibility of defects and the uniformity of normal scans varied significantly from one data set to the next, even when both were acquired at the same time, under identical conditions, indicates that the low statistics levels at clinical doses can have a measurable effect on diagnostic confidence.","PeriodicalId":159123,"journal":{"name":"2001 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record (Cat. No.01CH37310)","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129631539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-11-04DOI: 10.1109/NSSMIC.2001.1009681
Hansang Lim, Joo-Young Yoon, Sang-Hyun Min, Ealgoo Kim, D. Choi, Jaehong Park
In this paper, 3 types of preamplifier for MRPC (Multi-gap Resistive plate chamber) are developed and compared in the performances. The main role of the front-end electronics (FEE) for MRPC is to measure the arrival time, which means the time when the particle goes through MRPC. So preamplifier used in the FEE must have a good time performance such as a small propagation delay jitter and fast rise time. We develop 3 types of preamplifier using voltage-feedback op amp (VFA), current-feedback op amp (CFA) and transimpedance amp, respectively. We make performance test with 3 types of preamplifier, including jitter, rise time, linearity, noise figure and input impedance and compare results of performance measurements. With the test results, current-feedback noninverting amplifier is suitable for MRPC.
{"title":"Performance test of preamplifiers for multi-gap resistive plate chamber (MRPC)","authors":"Hansang Lim, Joo-Young Yoon, Sang-Hyun Min, Ealgoo Kim, D. Choi, Jaehong Park","doi":"10.1109/NSSMIC.2001.1009681","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NSSMIC.2001.1009681","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, 3 types of preamplifier for MRPC (Multi-gap Resistive plate chamber) are developed and compared in the performances. The main role of the front-end electronics (FEE) for MRPC is to measure the arrival time, which means the time when the particle goes through MRPC. So preamplifier used in the FEE must have a good time performance such as a small propagation delay jitter and fast rise time. We develop 3 types of preamplifier using voltage-feedback op amp (VFA), current-feedback op amp (CFA) and transimpedance amp, respectively. We make performance test with 3 types of preamplifier, including jitter, rise time, linearity, noise figure and input impedance and compare results of performance measurements. With the test results, current-feedback noninverting amplifier is suitable for MRPC.","PeriodicalId":159123,"journal":{"name":"2001 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record (Cat. No.01CH37310)","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127292551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-11-04DOI: 10.1109/NSSMIC.2001.1008697
Donald W. Wilson, H. Barrett, L. Furenlid
We demonstrate, using computer models, the feasibility of a new SPECT system for imaging small animals such as mice. This system consists of four modular scintillation cameras, four multiple-pinhole apertures, electronics, and tomographic reconstruction software. All of these constituents have been designed in our laboratory. The cameras are 120 mm/spl times/120 mm with a resolution of approximately 2 mm, the apertures can have either single or multiple pinholes, and reconstruction is performed using the OS-EM algorithm. One major advantage of this system is the design flexibility it offers, as the cameras are easy to move and the apertures are simple to modify. We explored a number of possible configurations. One promising configuration had the four camera faces forming four sides of a cube with multiple-pinhole apertures employed to focus the incoming high-energy photons. This system is rotated three times, so that data are collected from a total of sixteen camera angles. It is shown that this hybrid system has some superior properties to single-aperture-type systems. We conclude that this proposed system offers advantages over current imaging systems in terms of flexibility, simplicity, and performance.
{"title":"A new design for a SPECT small-animal imager","authors":"Donald W. Wilson, H. Barrett, L. Furenlid","doi":"10.1109/NSSMIC.2001.1008697","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NSSMIC.2001.1008697","url":null,"abstract":"We demonstrate, using computer models, the feasibility of a new SPECT system for imaging small animals such as mice. This system consists of four modular scintillation cameras, four multiple-pinhole apertures, electronics, and tomographic reconstruction software. All of these constituents have been designed in our laboratory. The cameras are 120 mm/spl times/120 mm with a resolution of approximately 2 mm, the apertures can have either single or multiple pinholes, and reconstruction is performed using the OS-EM algorithm. One major advantage of this system is the design flexibility it offers, as the cameras are easy to move and the apertures are simple to modify. We explored a number of possible configurations. One promising configuration had the four camera faces forming four sides of a cube with multiple-pinhole apertures employed to focus the incoming high-energy photons. This system is rotated three times, so that data are collected from a total of sixteen camera angles. It is shown that this hybrid system has some superior properties to single-aperture-type systems. We conclude that this proposed system offers advantages over current imaging systems in terms of flexibility, simplicity, and performance.","PeriodicalId":159123,"journal":{"name":"2001 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record (Cat. No.01CH37310)","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129971961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-11-04DOI: 10.1109/NSSMIC.2001.1008563
N. Kudomi, Eunjoo Choi, S. Yamamoto, H. Watabe, Kyeong-Min Kim, M. Shidahara, M. Ogawa, N. Teramoto, E. Sakamoto, Hidehiro Iida
A new input function monitoring system has been developed using the GSO detector assembly for both PET and SPELT quantitative studies. Due to the rapid rise time of the pulse (about 10nsec), the coincidence time window can be reduced < 1nsec, reducing contribution of randoms associated with the high background activity surrounding the detector. Large light output improved the energy resolution of approximately 11% for 511keV photons, and 20% at 140 keV, as compared with the BGO detector, enabling the use of this system also in SPELT studies. The paired assembly of crystals provided the absolute sensitivity of approximately 7% for PET and 75% for PET tracers. Multiple arrangement of the paired detectors provided possibility of correcting for the transit time of radioactivity through the catheter tube. This study demonstrated that the present system can be of use in both clinical and small animal studies using SPECT and PET tracers.
{"title":"Development of a GSO detector assembly for a continuous blood sampling system","authors":"N. Kudomi, Eunjoo Choi, S. Yamamoto, H. Watabe, Kyeong-Min Kim, M. Shidahara, M. Ogawa, N. Teramoto, E. Sakamoto, Hidehiro Iida","doi":"10.1109/NSSMIC.2001.1008563","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NSSMIC.2001.1008563","url":null,"abstract":"A new input function monitoring system has been developed using the GSO detector assembly for both PET and SPELT quantitative studies. Due to the rapid rise time of the pulse (about 10nsec), the coincidence time window can be reduced < 1nsec, reducing contribution of randoms associated with the high background activity surrounding the detector. Large light output improved the energy resolution of approximately 11% for 511keV photons, and 20% at 140 keV, as compared with the BGO detector, enabling the use of this system also in SPELT studies. The paired assembly of crystals provided the absolute sensitivity of approximately 7% for PET and 75% for PET tracers. Multiple arrangement of the paired detectors provided possibility of correcting for the transit time of radioactivity through the catheter tube. This study demonstrated that the present system can be of use in both clinical and small animal studies using SPECT and PET tracers.","PeriodicalId":159123,"journal":{"name":"2001 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record (Cat. No.01CH37310)","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129101133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-11-04DOI: 10.1109/NSSMIC.2001.1009294
A. Nakamura, Hiroshi Takahashi, L. Zhang, Daiji Fukuda, T. Ishitsu, Masaharu Nakazawa, Masaki Misawa, Hideo Murayama
CdZnTe (CZT) detectors are promising detectors which have many good characteristics such as room temperature operation, reasonable energy resolution, high detection efficiency to gamma rays, etc. However, the energy resolution of CZT is governed by poor mobilities of the charge carriers. Many researchers have tried to solve this problem. Among them, a clustering method has been recently proposed which is based on digital signal processing of preamplifier output waveforms. In this method, we can classify signals according to their shapes and independently treat different shapes. In this paper, we report a new clustering algorithm with adaptive shaping time. The obtained energy resolution for /sup 137/Cs was improved to 5.4 keV FWHM by applying this method.
{"title":"Clustering algorithm with adaptive shaping method for CdZnTe detectors","authors":"A. Nakamura, Hiroshi Takahashi, L. Zhang, Daiji Fukuda, T. Ishitsu, Masaharu Nakazawa, Masaki Misawa, Hideo Murayama","doi":"10.1109/NSSMIC.2001.1009294","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NSSMIC.2001.1009294","url":null,"abstract":"CdZnTe (CZT) detectors are promising detectors which have many good characteristics such as room temperature operation, reasonable energy resolution, high detection efficiency to gamma rays, etc. However, the energy resolution of CZT is governed by poor mobilities of the charge carriers. Many researchers have tried to solve this problem. Among them, a clustering method has been recently proposed which is based on digital signal processing of preamplifier output waveforms. In this method, we can classify signals according to their shapes and independently treat different shapes. In this paper, we report a new clustering algorithm with adaptive shaping time. The obtained energy resolution for /sup 137/Cs was improved to 5.4 keV FWHM by applying this method.","PeriodicalId":159123,"journal":{"name":"2001 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record (Cat. No.01CH37310)","volume":"77 5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131072332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-11-04DOI: 10.1109/NSSMIC.2001.1009648
T. Alexopoulos, R. Avramidou, M. Dris, T. Filippas, E. Gazis, E. Katsoufis, S. Maltezos, P. Savva, G. Stavropoulos, G. Tsipolitis
The ATLAS detector for the Large Hadron Collider at CERN of which construction has recently started, will study the products of proton collisions at energies of up to 14 TeV. One of its subdetectors is a high-resolution Muon Spectrometer designed to exploit the physics potentials of the collisions. It consists of 1206 Monitored Drift Tube (MDT) chambers, which will be built in 13 institutes of the ATLAS collaboration. Three Greek Universities (University of Athens, National Technical University and University of Thessaloniki) have undertaken the responsibility to construct 30 000 drift tubes of 1.67 length, to test them and to finally to build 128 BIS (Barrel Inner Small) chambers. Dedicated setups have been developed and automated at the National Technical University of Athens for the Quality Assurance and Quality Control (QA QC) procedures of the drift tubes. The QA QC tests include anode wire tension measurement, high voltage dark current measurement, anode wire displacement measurement and gas leak-rate measurement of the end-plugs and the cylinder. Up to now about 10 000 drift tubes have been tested.
{"title":"A quality assurance and quality control (QA QC) procedure of the monitored drift tubes (MDT) for the BIS-chambers of the ATLAS muon spectrometer","authors":"T. Alexopoulos, R. Avramidou, M. Dris, T. Filippas, E. Gazis, E. Katsoufis, S. Maltezos, P. Savva, G. Stavropoulos, G. Tsipolitis","doi":"10.1109/NSSMIC.2001.1009648","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NSSMIC.2001.1009648","url":null,"abstract":"The ATLAS detector for the Large Hadron Collider at CERN of which construction has recently started, will study the products of proton collisions at energies of up to 14 TeV. One of its subdetectors is a high-resolution Muon Spectrometer designed to exploit the physics potentials of the collisions. It consists of 1206 Monitored Drift Tube (MDT) chambers, which will be built in 13 institutes of the ATLAS collaboration. Three Greek Universities (University of Athens, National Technical University and University of Thessaloniki) have undertaken the responsibility to construct 30 000 drift tubes of 1.67 length, to test them and to finally to build 128 BIS (Barrel Inner Small) chambers. Dedicated setups have been developed and automated at the National Technical University of Athens for the Quality Assurance and Quality Control (QA QC) procedures of the drift tubes. The QA QC tests include anode wire tension measurement, high voltage dark current measurement, anode wire displacement measurement and gas leak-rate measurement of the end-plugs and the cylinder. Up to now about 10 000 drift tubes have been tested.","PeriodicalId":159123,"journal":{"name":"2001 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record (Cat. No.01CH37310)","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130553380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-11-04DOI: 10.1109/NSSMIC.2001.1008415
W. Ashmanskas, A. Barchiesi, A. Bardi, M. Bari, M. Baumgart, S. Belforte, A. Belloni, J. Berryhill, M. Bogdan, R. Carosi, A. Cerri, G. Chlachidze, R. Culberston, M. Dell'Orso, S. Donati, I. Fiori, H. Frisch, S. Galeotti, P. Giannetti, V. Glagolev, Y. Liu, E. Meschi, L. Moneta, F. Morsani, T. Nakaya, D. Passuello, G. Punzi, A. Rescigno, L. Ristori, H. Sanders, S. Sarkar, A. Sernenov, M. Shochet, T. Speer, F. Spinella, Xin Wu, U. Yang, L. Zanello, A. Zanetti
The Online Silicon Vertex Tracker (SVT) is the new trigger processor dedicated to the 2-D reconstruction of charged particle trajectories at the Level 2 of the CDF trigger. The SVT links the digitized pulse heights found within the Silicon Vertex detector to the tracks reconstructed in the Central Outer Tracker by the Level 1 Fast Track finder. Preliminary tests of the system took place during the October 2000 commissioning run of the Tevatron Collider. During the April-October 2001 data taking SVT was fully assembled and it was possible to obtain clearer and more important results on the performance of the system. In this paper we review the tracking algorithms implemented in the SVT and we report on the performance achieved during the early phase of run II.
{"title":"Performance of the CDF online silicon vertex tracker","authors":"W. Ashmanskas, A. Barchiesi, A. Bardi, M. Bari, M. Baumgart, S. Belforte, A. Belloni, J. Berryhill, M. Bogdan, R. Carosi, A. Cerri, G. Chlachidze, R. Culberston, M. Dell'Orso, S. Donati, I. Fiori, H. Frisch, S. Galeotti, P. Giannetti, V. Glagolev, Y. Liu, E. Meschi, L. Moneta, F. Morsani, T. Nakaya, D. Passuello, G. Punzi, A. Rescigno, L. Ristori, H. Sanders, S. Sarkar, A. Sernenov, M. Shochet, T. Speer, F. Spinella, Xin Wu, U. Yang, L. Zanello, A. Zanetti","doi":"10.1109/NSSMIC.2001.1008415","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NSSMIC.2001.1008415","url":null,"abstract":"The Online Silicon Vertex Tracker (SVT) is the new trigger processor dedicated to the 2-D reconstruction of charged particle trajectories at the Level 2 of the CDF trigger. The SVT links the digitized pulse heights found within the Silicon Vertex detector to the tracks reconstructed in the Central Outer Tracker by the Level 1 Fast Track finder. Preliminary tests of the system took place during the October 2000 commissioning run of the Tevatron Collider. During the April-October 2001 data taking SVT was fully assembled and it was possible to obtain clearer and more important results on the performance of the system. In this paper we review the tracking algorithms implemented in the SVT and we report on the performance achieved during the early phase of run II.","PeriodicalId":159123,"journal":{"name":"2001 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record (Cat. No.01CH37310)","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130890755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-11-04DOI: 10.1109/NSSMIC.2001.1009300
A. Parsons
The Swift Gamma Ray Burst Explorer, to be launched in late September 2003, will observe hundreds of gamma ray bursts per year and study their X-ray and optical afterglow with its multiwavelength complement of three instruments: a large gamma ray telescope called the Burst Alert Telescope (BAT), an X-Ray Telescope (XRT), and a UV/Optical Telescope (UVOT). The BAT is a large coded aperture gamma ray telescope with a wide field-of-view that provides the gamma ray burst triggers for the Swift Mission. BAT will observe and locate hundreds of bursts per year to better than 4 arc minutes accuracy. Using this prompt burst location information, Swift will slew quickly (within 20-70 s) and autonomously to point the on-board narrow field-of-view XRT and UVOT instruments at the burst for continued afterglow studies. A full description of the BAT instrument, including its 32,768-element CdZnTe detector array are presented and performance results from initial tests of BAT detector modules are also discussed.
{"title":"The Swift Gamma-Ray Burst Explorer Burst Alert Telescope (BAT)","authors":"A. Parsons","doi":"10.1109/NSSMIC.2001.1009300","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NSSMIC.2001.1009300","url":null,"abstract":"The Swift Gamma Ray Burst Explorer, to be launched in late September 2003, will observe hundreds of gamma ray bursts per year and study their X-ray and optical afterglow with its multiwavelength complement of three instruments: a large gamma ray telescope called the Burst Alert Telescope (BAT), an X-Ray Telescope (XRT), and a UV/Optical Telescope (UVOT). The BAT is a large coded aperture gamma ray telescope with a wide field-of-view that provides the gamma ray burst triggers for the Swift Mission. BAT will observe and locate hundreds of bursts per year to better than 4 arc minutes accuracy. Using this prompt burst location information, Swift will slew quickly (within 20-70 s) and autonomously to point the on-board narrow field-of-view XRT and UVOT instruments at the burst for continued afterglow studies. A full description of the BAT instrument, including its 32,768-element CdZnTe detector array are presented and performance results from initial tests of BAT detector modules are also discussed.","PeriodicalId":159123,"journal":{"name":"2001 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record (Cat. No.01CH37310)","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127903175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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