Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2376-0354.1000229
S. Knezevic, O. A. Osipitan, Jon E. Scott
There is Agro-climatic concern that the widespread use of dicamba-based herbicides in Dicamba-Tolerant (DT) soybeans can result in un-intended drift onto non-DT crops in nearby field due to windy conditions and volatility. New dicamba-based products such as Engenia® and XtendiMax® with Vapor Grip technology were developed to reduce volatility, however, they are not completely volatile-free. A study was conducted to evaluate the sensitivity of pot-grown grape and tomato to six micro-rates of three dicamba-based products (Clarity®, Engenia® and XtendiMax®) in 2016 and 2017, at Haskell Ag Lab, Concord (42.37oN, 96.68oW), NE, USA. The tested dicamba formulations negatively impacted growth of grape and tomato as measured by vine length and plant height respectively, as well as by plant biomass. About 2% of the label rate was high enough to cause 50% injury and reduction in vine length or plant height. For example, a dose of 6.54 to 9.13 g ae ha-1 and 3.98 to 5.35 g ae ha-1 caused 50% injury in grape and tomato respectively, at 21 DAT. At 50% injury and vine reduction threshold, grape appeared more sensitive to XtendiMax® than Clarity® and Engenia®. For instance, a dose of 1.83 g ae ha-1 of XtendiMax® was required to cause 50% reduction in vine length (~49 cm) compared to significantly higher dose of 5.64 and 7.59 g ae ha-1 required for Clarity® and Engenia®, respectively. However, in tomato, there was no significant difference in sensitivity to all three products. In general, the present study showed that grape and tomato were very sensitive to micro-rates of all three dicamba products, irrespective of the of the new dicamba technology that reduces volatility. Hence, efforts should be made to avoid drift of dicamba onto these crops.
农业气候方面的担忧是，在耐麦草畏(DT)大豆中广泛使用基于麦草畏的除草剂可能会由于大风条件和波动性而导致附近农田非除草剂作物的意外漂移。新的麦草畏为基础的产品，如Engenia®和XtendiMax®与Vapor Grip技术的开发，以减少挥发性，但是，他们不是完全无挥发物。本研究于2016年和2017年在美国康科德(42.37oN, 96.68oW)的Haskell Ag实验室进行了盆栽葡萄和番茄对三种麦草畏产品(Clarity®、Engenia®和XtendiMax®)6种微量浓度的敏感性评估。麦草畏配制剂分别对葡萄和番茄的生长产生负向影响，并对植株生物量产生负向影响。约2%的标记率足以造成50%的伤害，并减少藤长或株高。例如，在21 DAT下，6.54 ~ 9.13 g ha-1和3.98 ~ 5.35 g ha-1分别对葡萄和番茄造成50%的伤害。在50%的损伤和葡萄藤减少阈值下，葡萄对XtendiMax的敏感性高于Clarity®和Engenia®。例如，与Clarity®和Engenia®分别所需的5.64和7.59 g ae ha-1剂量相比，XtendiMax®需要1.83 g ae ha-1剂量才能使葡萄藤长度减少50% (~49 cm)。然而，在番茄中，对这三种产品的敏感性没有显著差异。总的来说，本研究表明，葡萄和番茄对所有三种麦草畏产品的微量浓度都非常敏感，而不管是否采用了减少挥发性的麦草畏新技术。因此，应努力避免麦草畏漂移到这些作物上。
{"title":"Sensitivity of Grape and Tomato to Micro-rates of Dicamba-based Herbicides","authors":"S. Knezevic, O. A. Osipitan, Jon E. Scott","doi":"10.4172/2376-0354.1000229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2376-0354.1000229","url":null,"abstract":"There is Agro-climatic concern that the widespread use of dicamba-based herbicides in Dicamba-Tolerant (DT) soybeans can result in un-intended drift onto non-DT crops in nearby field due to windy conditions and volatility. New dicamba-based products such as Engenia® and XtendiMax® with Vapor Grip technology were developed to reduce volatility, however, they are not completely volatile-free. A study was conducted to evaluate the sensitivity of pot-grown grape and tomato to six micro-rates of three dicamba-based products (Clarity®, Engenia® and XtendiMax®) in 2016 and 2017, at Haskell Ag Lab, Concord (42.37oN, 96.68oW), NE, USA. The tested dicamba formulations negatively impacted growth of grape and tomato as measured by vine length and plant height respectively, as well as by plant biomass. About 2% of the label rate was high enough to cause 50% injury and reduction in vine length or plant height. For example, a dose of 6.54 to 9.13 g ae ha-1 and 3.98 to 5.35 g ae ha-1 caused 50% injury in grape and tomato respectively, at 21 DAT. At 50% injury and vine reduction threshold, grape appeared more sensitive to XtendiMax® than Clarity® and Engenia®. For instance, a dose of 1.83 g ae ha-1 of XtendiMax® was required to cause 50% reduction in vine length (~49 cm) compared to significantly higher dose of 5.64 and 7.59 g ae ha-1 required for Clarity® and Engenia®, respectively. However, in tomato, there was no significant difference in sensitivity to all three products. In general, the present study showed that grape and tomato were very sensitive to micro-rates of all three dicamba products, irrespective of the of the new dicamba technology that reduces volatility. Hence, efforts should be made to avoid drift of dicamba onto these crops.","PeriodicalId":15920,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Horticulture","volume":"22 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75124586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2376-0354.1000E109
M. R. Bashir
Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) is the most significant oilseed crop of Pakistan. It is cultivated in tropical and subtropical areas of the world with slightly high temperature. The consumption of 100 gram seeds of sesame provides water (1.60ml), food energy (586 kcal), proteins (18.08 g), total lipids (50.87 g), carbohydrate (24.05 g), total dietary fiber (5.5 g), vitamin B6 (0.816 mg), vitamin A (3 μg), saturated fatty acids (1.252 g), monosaturated fatty acids (3.377 g) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (3.919 g). In the world, it is cultivated on an area of 9398 thousand hectares with total annual production of 4.78 million tons. In Pakistan, its area under cultivation is 88 thousand hectares with an average available production of 19.3 thousand tons.
{"title":"Evaluation of New Chemistry Fungicides against Charcoal Rot of Sesame Caused by Macrophomina phaseolina in Pakistan","authors":"M. R. Bashir","doi":"10.4172/2376-0354.1000E109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2376-0354.1000E109","url":null,"abstract":"Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) is the most significant oilseed crop of Pakistan. It is cultivated in tropical and subtropical areas of the world with slightly high temperature. The consumption of 100 gram seeds of sesame provides water (1.60ml), food energy (586 kcal), proteins (18.08 g), total lipids (50.87 g), carbohydrate (24.05 g), total dietary fiber (5.5 g), vitamin B6 (0.816 mg), vitamin A (3 μg), saturated fatty acids (1.252 g), monosaturated fatty acids (3.377 g) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (3.919 g). In the world, it is cultivated on an area of 9398 thousand hectares with total annual production of 4.78 million tons. In Pakistan, its area under cultivation is 88 thousand hectares with an average available production of 19.3 thousand tons.","PeriodicalId":15920,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Horticulture","volume":"7 1","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81909400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2376-0354.1000221
F. Chmielewski, S. Baldermann, K. Götz, T. Homann, Kristin Gödeke, F. Schumacher, G. Huschek, H. Rawel
As our climate changes, plant mechanisms involved for dormancy release become increasingly important for commercial orchards. It is generally believed that abscisic acid (ABA) is a key hormone that responds to various environmental stresses which affects bud dormancy. For this reason, a multi-year study was initiated to obtain data on plant metabolites during winter rest and ontogenetic development in sweet cherry buds (Prunus avium L.). In this paper, we report on metabolites involved in ABA synthesis and catabolism and its effect on bud dormancy in the years 2014/15-2016/17. In previous work, the timings of the different phases of para-, endo-, ecodormancy and ontogenetic development for cherry flower buds of the cultivar ‘Summit’ were determined, based on classical climate chamber experiments and changes in the bud’s water content. Based on these time phases, we focused now on the different aspects of the ABA-metabolism. The results show that there is a continual synthesis of ABA about 5 weeks before leaf fall, and a degradation of ABA during ecodormancy and bud development until the phenological stage ‘open cluster’. This is confirmed by relating the ABA content to that of the total precursor carotenoids, neoxanthin and violaxanthin. The tentative monitoring of individual intermediate metabolites revealed that dihydroxyphaseic acid is the most abundant catabolite of ABA and ABA glucosyl ester is in terms of mass intensity, the most abundant ABA metabolite observed in this study. The results suggest that the direct route for ABA biosynthesis from farnesyl pyrophosphate may also be relevant in cherry flower buds.
{"title":"Abscisic Acid Related Metabolites in Sweet Cherry Buds (Prunus avium L.)","authors":"F. Chmielewski, S. Baldermann, K. Götz, T. Homann, Kristin Gödeke, F. Schumacher, G. Huschek, H. Rawel","doi":"10.4172/2376-0354.1000221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2376-0354.1000221","url":null,"abstract":"As our climate changes, plant mechanisms involved for dormancy release become increasingly important for commercial orchards. It is generally believed that abscisic acid (ABA) is a key hormone that responds to various environmental stresses which affects bud dormancy. For this reason, a multi-year study was initiated to obtain data on plant metabolites during winter rest and ontogenetic development in sweet cherry buds (Prunus avium L.). In this paper, we report on metabolites involved in ABA synthesis and catabolism and its effect on bud dormancy in the years 2014/15-2016/17. In previous work, the timings of the different phases of para-, endo-, ecodormancy and ontogenetic development for cherry flower buds of the cultivar ‘Summit’ were determined, based on classical climate chamber experiments and changes in the bud’s water content. Based on these time phases, we focused now on the different aspects of the ABA-metabolism. The results show that there is a continual synthesis of ABA about 5 weeks before leaf fall, and a degradation of ABA during ecodormancy and bud development until the phenological stage ‘open cluster’. This is confirmed by relating the ABA content to that of the total precursor carotenoids, neoxanthin and violaxanthin. The tentative monitoring of individual intermediate metabolites revealed that dihydroxyphaseic acid is the most abundant catabolite of ABA and ABA glucosyl ester is in terms of mass intensity, the most abundant ABA metabolite observed in this study. The results suggest that the direct route for ABA biosynthesis from farnesyl pyrophosphate may also be relevant in cherry flower buds.","PeriodicalId":15920,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Horticulture","volume":"29 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87580020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2376-0354.1000224
Alferez F
Citrus is one of the most grown fruit crops in the planet, and has very important economic value for several regions across the tropics and subtropics. These include countries in the Northern Hemisphere such as United States of America and Mexico in the Americas, Spain, Italy, Egypt, Turkey and Israel in the Mediterranean, China, India and Japan in Asia, and countries in the Southern Hemisphere such as South Africa, Australia, Brazil, Uruguay and Argentina. This distribution of Citrus culture between both hemispheres warrants transport of fruit between regions on a seasonal basis through regulated trade. However, with commercial transport of commodities and increasing traffic of passengers among countries, new threats have appeared such as the spread of diseases. A dramatic example of this is the spreading of the disease known as huanglongbing (HLB), the yellow dragon disease. HLB is the most economically devastating disease of citrus worldwide, it was described for the first time in southern China in 1919 and is now known to occur in about 40 different countries around the globe. The HLB bacterium belongs to the genus Candidatus Liberibacter, Currently three species are known, Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus, occurring in Asian countries, Brazil and the USA, Candidatus Liberibacter africanus with its subspecies "capensis", recorded from African countries, and Candidatus Liberibacter americanus present also in Brazil [1]. It has been suggested that each liberibacter species has evolved in the continent after which it is named. HLB symptoms are virtually the same wherever the disease occurs. HLB can be transmitted by grafting from citrus to citrus and by dodder to periwinkle [2]. The psyllids Trioza erytreae and Diaphorina citri are natural vectors [1].
{"title":"Struggling Citriculture in Florida is a Source for Innovation in Horticultural Science","authors":"Alferez F","doi":"10.4172/2376-0354.1000224","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2376-0354.1000224","url":null,"abstract":"Citrus is one of the most grown fruit crops in the planet, and has very important economic value for several regions across the tropics and subtropics. These include countries in the Northern Hemisphere such as United States of America and Mexico in the Americas, Spain, Italy, Egypt, Turkey and Israel in the Mediterranean, China, India and Japan in Asia, and countries in the Southern Hemisphere such as South Africa, Australia, Brazil, Uruguay and Argentina. This distribution of Citrus culture between both hemispheres warrants transport of fruit between regions on a seasonal basis through regulated trade. However, with commercial transport of commodities and increasing traffic of passengers among countries, new threats have appeared such as the spread of diseases. A dramatic example of this is the spreading of the disease known as huanglongbing (HLB), the yellow dragon disease. HLB is the most economically devastating disease of citrus worldwide, it was described for the first time in southern China in 1919 and is now known to occur in about 40 different countries around the globe. The HLB bacterium belongs to the genus Candidatus Liberibacter, Currently three species are known, Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus, occurring in Asian countries, Brazil and the USA, Candidatus Liberibacter africanus with its subspecies \"capensis\", recorded from African countries, and Candidatus Liberibacter americanus present also in Brazil [1]. It has been suggested that each liberibacter species has evolved in the continent after which it is named. HLB symptoms are virtually the same wherever the disease occurs. HLB can be transmitted by grafting from citrus to citrus and by dodder to periwinkle [2]. The psyllids Trioza erytreae and Diaphorina citri are natural vectors [1].","PeriodicalId":15920,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Horticulture","volume":"44 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90406859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2376-0354.1000247
Sun Jing, Ming Chen, Yujiang, D. Zhao, J. Tao
Paeonia ostii ‘Fengdan’ and Paeonia lactiflora ‘Da Fugui’ are two species of the same genus that are closely related. Paeonia ostii ‘Fengdan’ has a high nutritional and health value in woody oil crops, and is also a good parent material for intraspecific and interspecific hybridization; Paeonia lactiflora ‘Da Fugui’ is a kind of peony variety with high ornamental value. Both ‘Fengdan’ and ‘Da Fugui’are diploid species. The complete cp genome sizes of Paeonia ostii ‘Fengdan’ and Paeonia lactiflora ‘Da Fugui’ were 152731 and 157372bp, respectively. Paeonia ostii ‘Fengdan’ Small Single Copy Area (SSC) is 16968 bp, the Large Single Copy Area (LSC) is 84402 bp, the Inverse Repeat region (IR) is 25681 bp. Paeonia ostii ‘Fengdan’ encods a total of 151 genes, including 101 protein-coding genes, 43 tRNA genes and 7 rRNA genes. In addition, the Paeonia lactiflora ‘Da Fugui’ Small Single Copy Area (SSC) is 14822 bp, the Large Single Copy Area (LSC) is 82,043 bp, the Ieverse Repeat region (IR) is 30254 bp. Paeonia lactiflora ‘Da Fugui’ encods a total of 165 genes, including 110 protein-coding genes, 47 tRNA genes and 8 rRNA genes. The cluster analysis of the NJ(Neighbor-joining) tree showed that Paeoniae genus is distributed in a large branch, and is closely related to the other three genera. Paeonia ostii ‘Fengdan’ and Paeonia sp. Sd0052 are clustered together with herbaceous peony, while Paeonia lactiflora ‘Da Fugui’ is clustered more closely to peony
{"title":"Characterization of the Complete Chloroplast Genomes of Sequences of Two Diploid Species: Paeonia lactiflora ‘Da Fugui’ and Paeonia ostii ‘Fengdan’ in the Paeoniaceae Family","authors":"Sun Jing, Ming Chen, Yujiang, D. Zhao, J. Tao","doi":"10.4172/2376-0354.1000247","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2376-0354.1000247","url":null,"abstract":"Paeonia ostii ‘Fengdan’ and Paeonia lactiflora ‘Da Fugui’ are two species of the same genus that are closely related. Paeonia ostii ‘Fengdan’ has a high nutritional and health value in woody oil crops, and is also a good parent material for intraspecific and interspecific hybridization; Paeonia lactiflora ‘Da Fugui’ is a kind of peony variety with high ornamental value. Both ‘Fengdan’ and ‘Da Fugui’are diploid species. The complete cp genome sizes of Paeonia ostii ‘Fengdan’ and Paeonia lactiflora ‘Da Fugui’ were 152731 and 157372bp, respectively. Paeonia ostii ‘Fengdan’ Small Single Copy Area (SSC) is 16968 bp, the Large Single Copy Area (LSC) is 84402 bp, the Inverse Repeat region (IR) is 25681 bp. Paeonia ostii ‘Fengdan’ encods a total of 151 genes, including 101 protein-coding genes, 43 tRNA genes and 7 rRNA genes. In addition, the Paeonia lactiflora ‘Da Fugui’ Small Single Copy Area (SSC) is 14822 bp, the Large Single Copy Area (LSC) is 82,043 bp, the Ieverse Repeat region (IR) is 30254 bp. Paeonia lactiflora ‘Da Fugui’ encods a total of 165 genes, including 110 protein-coding genes, 47 tRNA genes and 8 rRNA genes. The cluster analysis of the NJ(Neighbor-joining) tree showed that Paeoniae genus is distributed in a large branch, and is closely related to the other three genera. Paeonia ostii ‘Fengdan’ and Paeonia sp. Sd0052 are clustered together with herbaceous peony, while Paeonia lactiflora ‘Da Fugui’ is clustered more closely to peony","PeriodicalId":15920,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Horticulture","volume":"45 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88889274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2376-0354.1000234
R. A. Abdallah, H. Jabnoun-Khiareddine, A. Nefzi, M. Daami‐Remadi
The study examined the plant growth-promoting potential of 38 endophytic bacterial isolates recovered from healthy tomato plants. Eight isolates were selected as the most efficient in improving the plant height by 30.5-35.9%, the aerial part fresh weight by 47.4 -56.9%, the maximum root length by 17.3- 28.3%, and the root fresh weight by 44.7- 58.8% compared to control. They were morphologically and biochemically characterized and identified using 16S rDNA sequencing genes as Stenotrophomonas maltophilia CT12, S. maltophilia CT13, S. maltophilia CT16, Pseudomonas geniculata CT19, B. amyloliquefaciens CT32, B. subtilis subsp. inaquosorum CT43, B. licheniformis SV4, and B. subtilis SV5. All isolates were shown able to produce indole-3-acetic acid and displayed pectinolytic activity. Phosphate solubilization ability was recorded in S. maltophilia CT13, S. maltophilia CT16, B. subtilis subsp. inaqosorum CT43 and B. licheniformis SV4. This study demonstrates that healthy tomato plants may be naturally colonized by beneficial endophytic bacteria with growth-promoting potential useful for the improvement of tomato growth.
{"title":"Evaluation of the Growth-Promoting Potential of Endophytic Bacteria Recovered from Healthy Tomato Plants","authors":"R. A. Abdallah, H. Jabnoun-Khiareddine, A. Nefzi, M. Daami‐Remadi","doi":"10.4172/2376-0354.1000234","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2376-0354.1000234","url":null,"abstract":"The study examined the plant growth-promoting potential of 38 endophytic bacterial isolates recovered from healthy tomato plants. Eight isolates were selected as the most efficient in improving the plant height by 30.5-35.9%, the aerial part fresh weight by 47.4 -56.9%, the maximum root length by 17.3- 28.3%, and the root fresh weight by 44.7- 58.8% compared to control. They were morphologically and biochemically characterized and identified using 16S rDNA sequencing genes as Stenotrophomonas maltophilia CT12, S. maltophilia CT13, S. maltophilia CT16, Pseudomonas geniculata CT19, B. amyloliquefaciens CT32, B. subtilis subsp. inaquosorum CT43, B. licheniformis SV4, and B. subtilis SV5. All isolates were shown able to produce indole-3-acetic acid and displayed pectinolytic activity. Phosphate solubilization ability was recorded in S. maltophilia CT13, S. maltophilia CT16, B. subtilis subsp. inaqosorum CT43 and B. licheniformis SV4. This study demonstrates that healthy tomato plants may be naturally colonized by beneficial endophytic bacteria with growth-promoting potential useful for the improvement of tomato growth.","PeriodicalId":15920,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Horticulture","volume":"53 1","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73033712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2376-0354.1000E110
M. MumtazKhan, M. FakharudDinRazi
{"title":"Citrus Greening Disease (Huanglongbing) a Perilous Threat to Global Citrus Industry","authors":"M. MumtazKhan, M. FakharudDinRazi","doi":"10.4172/2376-0354.1000E110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2376-0354.1000E110","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15920,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Horticulture","volume":"55 1","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78684237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2376-0354.1000241
H. Hoseinabadi, T. Taghavi, M. Solgi, M. Askari, A. Rahemi
In soils with high pH, iron is inactivated and bounded to the leaf apoplast developing leaf chlorosis. The inactive iron can be reduced artificially by lowering leaf apoplastic pH with spraying weak acid solutions, providing the symplast absorption of activated iron. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of vinegar spray, as an acidifying substance and iron chelate (Fe-EDTA) on iron nutrition and vegetative growth of grape vines (cv. Thompson Seedless) grown in high pH soils. Four years old grape vines of cv. Thompson Seedless which were grown in high pH soil (pH=8) were selected. Experimental design was a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with four spray treatments: 1) vinegar (0.8%), 2) iron chelate (0.2%), 3) combination of vinegar and iron chelate (0.8%, 0.2% respectively) and 4) distilled water (control). Vinegar treated plants had higher chlorophyll, active iron (Fe2+) and yield. Vinegar is a by product of grapes that can be easily produced by growers with very little cost and its application has effectively improved plant vegetative growth, yield and mitigated iron deficiency of “Thompson Seedless” grapes. Vinegar is very cheap compared to chelated iron. The vinegar spray has the potential to increases yield without increasing the cost for the growers, ensuring both profitability and sustainability of the production system.
{"title":"Vinegar and Iron Chelate Spray Affected Vegetative Growth and Yield of Grape cv. Thompson Seedless","authors":"H. Hoseinabadi, T. Taghavi, M. Solgi, M. Askari, A. Rahemi","doi":"10.4172/2376-0354.1000241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2376-0354.1000241","url":null,"abstract":"In soils with high pH, iron is inactivated and bounded to the leaf apoplast developing leaf chlorosis. The inactive iron can be reduced artificially by lowering leaf apoplastic pH with spraying weak acid solutions, providing the symplast absorption of activated iron. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of vinegar spray, as an acidifying substance and iron chelate (Fe-EDTA) on iron nutrition and vegetative growth of grape vines (cv. Thompson Seedless) grown in high pH soils. Four years old grape vines of cv. Thompson Seedless which were grown in high pH soil (pH=8) were selected. Experimental design was a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with four spray treatments: 1) vinegar (0.8%), 2) iron chelate (0.2%), 3) combination of vinegar and iron chelate (0.8%, 0.2% respectively) and 4) distilled water (control). Vinegar treated plants had higher chlorophyll, active iron (Fe2+) and yield. Vinegar is a by product of grapes that can be easily produced by growers with very little cost and its application has effectively improved plant vegetative growth, yield and mitigated iron deficiency of “Thompson Seedless” grapes. Vinegar is very cheap compared to chelated iron. The vinegar spray has the potential to increases yield without increasing the cost for the growers, ensuring both profitability and sustainability of the production system.","PeriodicalId":15920,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Horticulture","volume":"450 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76681282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2376-0354.1000226
L. Wiik, H. Rosenqvist, E. Liljeroth
An economic analysis was made of old results from 1993-1996 (22 field trials) and new results from 2010-2013 (12 field trials) obtained in field trials with different doses of fungicides to control potato late blight (PLB) and potato tuber blight (PTB) caused by Phytophthora infestans. The objective was to determine the economically optimal dose for effective control. In 1993-1996, the economic net return was highest for long intervals of about two weeks between treatments and a dose of 60% of the recommended level. The difference between the experimental treatment with the highest net return and the untreated control was 1587 € per hectare (ha-1) in susceptible cultivars, but only 531 € ha-1 in moderately resistant cultivars. In addition, the mean difference in net return between all treated susceptible and all treated moderately resistant cultivars was 874 € ha-1. In the half of the field trials with the lowest maximum attack of PLB, the difference between the experimental treatment with the highest economic income and untreated control was 547 € ha-1, while it was 1571 € ha-1 in the half of the trials with the highest maximum attack. The results for 2010-2013, which were all based on a short treatment interval of about one week between treatments, showed that in table potato the economic net return was highest at 100% and 75% of the recommended dose, whereas in starch potato cultivars it was highest at 50% and 25% of the recommended dose. The net financial result was calculated for 13 different scenarios. As expected, potato price and potato crop yield and quality were of the greatest importance. The price of fungicides affected net profits by between 167 and 656 € ha-1 depending on treatment intervals and dose. These results challenge the way in which late blight is controlled in conventional potato farming today, especially in starch potatoes. We therefore propose investment in future years be based on the dose-range response in cultivars with differing host resistance to both PLB and PTB, and on forecasting and warning with respect to PLB- and PTB-control in different potato cultivars. We believe that such investment could be very valuable in optimizing the use of fungicides in potato cultivation.
{"title":"Study on Biological and Economic Considerations in the Control of Potato Late Blight and Potato Tuber Blight","authors":"L. Wiik, H. Rosenqvist, E. Liljeroth","doi":"10.4172/2376-0354.1000226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2376-0354.1000226","url":null,"abstract":"An economic analysis was made of old results from 1993-1996 (22 field trials) and new results from 2010-2013 (12 field trials) obtained in field trials with different doses of fungicides to control potato late blight (PLB) and potato tuber blight (PTB) caused by Phytophthora infestans. The objective was to determine the economically optimal dose for effective control. In 1993-1996, the economic net return was highest for long intervals of about two weeks between treatments and a dose of 60% of the recommended level. The difference between the experimental treatment with the highest net return and the untreated control was 1587 € per hectare (ha-1) in susceptible cultivars, but only 531 € ha-1 in moderately resistant cultivars. In addition, the mean difference in net return between all treated susceptible and all treated moderately resistant cultivars was 874 € ha-1. In the half of the field trials with the lowest maximum attack of PLB, the difference between the experimental treatment with the highest economic income and untreated control was 547 € ha-1, while it was 1571 € ha-1 in the half of the trials with the highest maximum attack. The results for 2010-2013, which were all based on a short treatment interval of about one week between treatments, showed that in table potato the economic net return was highest at 100% and 75% of the recommended dose, whereas in starch potato cultivars it was highest at 50% and 25% of the recommended dose. The net financial result was calculated for 13 different scenarios. As expected, potato price and potato crop yield and quality were of the greatest importance. The price of fungicides affected net profits by between 167 and 656 € ha-1 depending on treatment intervals and dose. These results challenge the way in which late blight is controlled in conventional potato farming today, especially in starch potatoes. We therefore propose investment in future years be based on the dose-range response in cultivars with differing host resistance to both PLB and PTB, and on forecasting and warning with respect to PLB- and PTB-control in different potato cultivars. We believe that such investment could be very valuable in optimizing the use of fungicides in potato cultivation.","PeriodicalId":15920,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Horticulture","volume":"45 1","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83167971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-12-05DOI: 10.4172/2376-0354.1000216
G. O. Nkansah, Norman Jc, A. Martey
A study was conducted on sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) on growth, yield and consumer acceptance as influenced by open field and greenhouse production systems at the University of Ghana Forest and Horticultural Crops Research Centre, Okumaning – Kade in the Eastern Region of Ghana. The experiment was conducted in the minor season (dry season) from October 2014 to March 2015. A 2 × 9 factorial was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. The experiment consisted of two production systems: greenhouse and open field and nine varieties of sweet pepper: California Wonder, Yolo Wonder, Kulkukan, F1 Nobile, Crusader, Guardian, Embella 733- EM and Caribbean Red, Pepper 1) with three replications. Data were recorded on plant height (cm), girth (mm), leaf number, number of fruits per plant, fruit weight per plant (kg), length of fruits (cm), diameter of fruits (cm), pericarp thickness (mm), number of locules per fruit and yield (t/ha). All the parameters measured differed significantly except pericarp thickness of fruits. In the greenhouse Kukulkan (21.34t) recorded the highest yield (t/ha) followed by California Wonder (20.99t) and Yolo Wonder (8.20t) had the least. In the open field it revealed that the yield of California Wonder (12.57t) gained the highest, followed by Crusader (10.57t) and pepper 1 (5.02) had the least weight. Fruits were ranked for its acceptability by consumers (rank = 1 - Very poor quality to 9 - Extreme excellent quality). California wonder (rank -8) was highly accepted by consumers compared to Caribbean Red (rank 4- moderate quality) in both greenhouse and open field conditions.
{"title":"Growth, Yield and Consumer Acceptance of Sweet Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) as Influenced by Open Field and Greenhouse Production Systems","authors":"G. O. Nkansah, Norman Jc, A. Martey","doi":"10.4172/2376-0354.1000216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2376-0354.1000216","url":null,"abstract":"A study was conducted on sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) on growth, yield and consumer acceptance as influenced by open field and greenhouse production systems at the University of Ghana Forest and Horticultural Crops Research Centre, Okumaning – Kade in the Eastern Region of Ghana. The experiment was conducted in the minor season (dry season) from October 2014 to March 2015. A 2 × 9 factorial was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. The experiment consisted of two production systems: greenhouse and open field and nine varieties of sweet pepper: California Wonder, Yolo Wonder, Kulkukan, F1 Nobile, Crusader, Guardian, Embella 733- EM and Caribbean Red, Pepper 1) with three replications. Data were recorded on plant height (cm), girth (mm), leaf number, number of fruits per plant, fruit weight per plant (kg), length of fruits (cm), diameter of fruits (cm), pericarp thickness (mm), number of locules per fruit and yield (t/ha). All the parameters measured differed significantly except pericarp thickness of fruits. In the greenhouse Kukulkan (21.34t) recorded the highest yield (t/ha) followed by California Wonder (20.99t) and Yolo Wonder (8.20t) had the least. In the open field it revealed that the yield of California Wonder (12.57t) gained the highest, followed by Crusader (10.57t) and pepper 1 (5.02) had the least weight. Fruits were ranked for its acceptability by consumers (rank = 1 - Very poor quality to 9 - Extreme excellent quality). California wonder (rank -8) was highly accepted by consumers compared to Caribbean Red (rank 4- moderate quality) in both greenhouse and open field conditions.","PeriodicalId":15920,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Horticulture","volume":"11 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82309318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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