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Adding value to online privacy for consumers: remedying deficiencies in online privacy policies with an holistic approach 为消费者增加在线隐私的价值:用整体方法弥补在线隐私政策的缺陷
S. Lichtenstein, P. Swatman, K. Babu
We present findings from a longitudinal, empirical study of online privacy policies. Our research found that although online privacy policies have improved in quality and effectiveness since 2000, they still fall well short of the level of privacy assurance desired by consumers. This study has identified broad areas of deficiency in existing online privacy policies, and offers a solution in the form of an holistic framework for the development, factors and content of online privacy policies for organizations. Our study adds to existing theory in this area and, more immediately, will assist businesses concerned about the effect of privacy issues on consumer Web usage.
我们提出了一项关于在线隐私政策的纵向实证研究的结果。我们的研究发现,尽管自2000年以来,在线隐私政策的质量和有效性都有所提高,但它们仍然远远达不到消费者所期望的隐私保障水平。本研究确定了现有网络隐私政策中存在的广泛缺陷,并为组织的网络隐私政策的发展、因素和内容提供了一个整体框架的解决方案。我们的研究补充了这一领域的现有理论,更直接的是,将帮助企业关注隐私问题对消费者网络使用的影响。
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引用次数: 16
A validation of measures associated with the risk factors in technology outsourcing 技术外包风险因素相关措施的验证
B. Bahli, S. Rivard
In recent years, many firms have adopted outsourcing as a means to govern their information technology (IT) operations. While outsourcing is associated with several important benefits, it also entails risk. The main purpose of this study was to validate measures of the risk factors associated with outsourcing IT operations. Insights from transaction costs theory suggest that risk factors are inherent in the transaction itself, the supplier and the client. A survey of 132 senior IT executives was conducted to assess the measures, and reliability and validity assessment was performed using PLS.
近年来,许多公司采用外包作为管理其信息技术(IT)运营的一种手段。虽然外包带来了一些重要的好处,但它也带来了风险。本研究的主要目的是验证与外包IT操作相关的风险因素的度量。交易成本理论的见解表明,风险因素是交易本身、供应商和客户所固有的。对132名IT高管进行了问卷调查,并使用PLS进行了信度和效度评估。
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引用次数: 12
Productivity breakdown of the information technology across countries 各国信息技术的生产率分解
Benjamin B. M. Shao, W. Shu
In this paper, we measure productivity growth of the information technology (IT) industries in fourteen OECD countries over the thirteen-year period of 1978 through 1990. The IT industries are the providers of IT capital goods, and this macro-level analysis seeks to find out how efficiently IT capital goods are produced. The basic unit of analysis employed is the Malmquist Total Factor Productivity (TFP) index. The Malmquist TFP index is next decomposed into three constituent elements accounting for different sources of productivity growth: technological progress, efficiency change, and the effects of economies of scale. The approach of measurement is based the concept of distance functions and employs the non-parametric frontier method of data envelopment analysis (DEA). Our results indicate that each country's IT industry manifests its own particular patterns in various performance measures. Among the fourteen countries examined, ten had witnessed productivity growth in their IT industries. Overall, these IT industries are found more productive than other industries when compared with previous research. Further analyses reveal that most of productivity growth measured is due to technological progress. Efficiency change is found to exert a relatively small positive effect on the productivity growth. Moreover, the change of scale economies unfavorably affects productivity for most countries. Finally, practical implications for formulating IT policy are drawn from our results for further discussions.
在本文中,我们测量了14个经合组织国家在1978年至1990年的13年间信息技术(IT)产业的生产率增长。IT行业是IT资本货物的提供者,这个宏观层面的分析试图找出IT资本货物的生产效率。分析的基本单位是马奎斯特全要素生产率(TFP)指数。Malmquist TFP指数随后被分解为三个组成要素,分别代表了生产率增长的不同来源:技术进步、效率变化和规模经济的影响。测量方法基于距离函数的概念,采用数据包络分析(DEA)的非参数前沿方法。我们的研究结果表明,每个国家的IT产业在各种绩效指标中表现出自己独特的模式。在接受调查的14个国家中,有10个国家的IT业生产力有所增长。总体而言,与之前的研究相比,这些IT行业的生产率高于其他行业。进一步的分析表明,大部分生产率增长是由于技术进步。效率变化对生产率增长的正向影响相对较小。此外,规模经济的变化对大多数国家的生产率产生不利影响。最后,从我们的结果中得出了制定IT政策的实际含义,以供进一步讨论。
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引用次数: 2
Effectiveness and applicability of Internet-based training in the corporation - case of Egypt 网络培训在企业中的有效性和适用性——以埃及为例
M. Ibrahim
Learning is the most indispensable activity in the current knowledge-based economy where firms, in order to compete and survive, must be constantly alert, capable of adapting to fast change, constantly learn, evolve, and transform themselves rapidly. In that respect, the use of innovative information and communication technology is perceived to play a key role in the development of new learning platforms and mechanisms. One of the emerging solutions is electronic training "eTraining", which is a growing trend and is expected to become crucial in meeting newly introduced challenges and in catering for changing and diversified market needs. The global connectivity of the Internet and the availability of innovative information and communication technology are factors that have contributed in catalyzing the new Internet-based learning paradigm offering great opportunities for organizations to educate and train their management and staff. However, Internet-based training poses several considerable challenges for various organizations especially those operating in developing countries. Within the context of transferring and using information and communication technology into developing countries, this paper demonstrates the outcome of a research aiming at investigating the effectiveness and applicability of Internet-based training in providing training for organizations in Egypt. The focus of the research was mainly soliciting the opinions of three different groups of stake holders; human resources or training managers responsible for setting training policies; instructors responsible for facilitating courses and preparing material; and trainees undertaking the training.
在当今的知识经济中,学习是最不可或缺的活动,企业为了竞争和生存,必须时刻保持警惕,能够适应快速变化,不断地学习、发展和快速地改造自己。在这方面,人们认为利用创新的信息和通信技术在发展新的学习平台和机制方面起着关键作用。其中一个新兴的解决方案是电子培训,这是一个日益增长的趋势,预计将成为应对新挑战和迎合不断变化和多样化的市场需求的关键。互联网的全球连通性和创新信息和通信技术的可用性是促进新的基于互联网的学习范式的因素,为组织教育和培训其管理人员和员工提供了巨大的机会。然而,基于互联网的培训对各种组织,特别是在发展中国家开展业务的组织提出了若干相当大的挑战。在向发展中国家转移和使用信息和通信技术的背景下,本文展示了一项研究的结果,该研究旨在调查基于互联网的培训在为埃及的组织提供培训方面的有效性和适用性。研究的重点主要是征求三个不同的利益相关者群体的意见;负责制定培训政策的人力资源或培训经理;负责促进课程和准备材料的讲师;以及接受培训的学员。
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引用次数: 5
Markets and regulation 市场与监管
R. Tabors, R. Schuler
Reliance on market mechanisms and decentralized decisions as alternatives to central planning and government regulation of energy and other critical infrastructure enterprises has gained momentum worldwide over the last decade. This trend has been seen as the sale of government owned and operated monopolies in energy (electricity, gas and oil), in water and in public transportation. In nations such as the United States where independent ownership was frequently the case, increased dependence on market mechanism is replacing governmental price regulation in these same industries. Whether under the title of privatization, deregulation or restructuring, the movement has been toward allowing competitive market forces to set prices for essential commodities that in the past were actively controlled through direct government ownership or regulation. Within the US there is increased pressure for reregulation of the commodities and for regulation of the derivative markets that have been established to hedge commodity price volatility.
过去十年来,依靠市场机制和分散决策来替代中央计划和政府对能源和其他关键基础设施企业的管制,在世界范围内获得了发展势头。这一趋势被视为政府在能源(电力、天然气和石油)、水和公共交通领域拥有和经营垄断的出售。在像美国这样的国家,独立所有权经常是这种情况,对市场机制的日益依赖正在取代政府对这些行业的价格管制。无论是在私有化、放松管制还是重组的名义下,这一运动都是朝着允许竞争性市场力量为基本商品定价的方向发展的,而这些商品在过去是由政府直接拥有或监管积极控制的。在美国国内,要求对大宗商品和衍生品市场进行重新监管的压力越来越大。衍生品市场是为对冲大宗商品价格波动而建立的。
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引用次数: 4
Data-driven methodology to extending workflows to e-services over the Internet 将工作流程扩展到因特网上的电子服务的数据驱动方法
S. Cheung, Dickson K. W. Chiu, Sven Till
E-services refer to the services offered over the Internet. The globalization of economy accelerates the provision of e-services across organizations. Instead of being built from scratch, e-services are mostly extended from existing internal workflows or information systems. In this paper, we examine the requirements of extending a workflow to the provision of e-services, in order to fulfill predefined business processes and data requirements. We also discuss the support of exception handling and asynchronous events across organizational boundaries, through an event publish-and-subscribe mechanism. We demonstrate the feasibility of this approach with the E-ADOME extension layer of our ADOME-WFMS, further illustrated with a system integration example. Our event-driven execution model provides a unified framework for both synchronous execution of workflow and asynchronous handling of events and exceptions. Illustrations are also given on the provision of such e-services over the infrastructure of Web services and Enterprise JavaBeans.
电子服务是指通过互联网提供的服务。经济全球化加速了跨组织提供电子服务。电子服务不是从头开始构建,而是从现有的内部工作流或信息系统扩展而来。在本文中,我们研究了将工作流扩展到提供电子服务的需求,以满足预定义的业务流程和数据需求。我们还讨论了通过事件发布-订阅机制跨组织边界支持异常处理和异步事件。我们用ADOME-WFMS的E-ADOME扩展层证明了这种方法的可行性,并通过一个系统集成示例进一步说明了这种方法的可行性。我们的事件驱动执行模型为工作流的同步执行和事件和异常的异步处理提供了统一的框架。还给出了在Web服务和Enterprise JavaBeans的基础设施上提供此类电子服务的示例。
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引用次数: 14
Are personalization systems really personal? - effects of conformity in reducing information 个性化系统真的个性化吗?-从众在减少信息中的作用
Jyun-Cheng Wang, Juo-Ping Lin
This study attempts to extend the meaning of personalization and argues that not only personal information needs but also emotional or mental needs aroused by outside influences need to be taken into account. This study introduces a new dimension in the process of filtering out unnecessary information: the conformity behavior. Conformity means that people will tend to converge on similar behavior because they are affected by social norms. This study compares the effects of four personalization mechanisms on subjective decision quality. The results show that pure conformity is better than target conformity. Target conformity is no significant different from collaborative filtering. The result could help people re-examine the ideal approach in making personalization systems.
本研究试图扩展个性化的含义,认为个性化不仅需要考虑个人信息需求,还需要考虑外界影响引起的情感或精神需求。本研究在过滤不必要信息的过程中引入了一个新的维度:从众行为。从众意味着人们会倾向于趋同于相似的行为,因为他们受到社会规范的影响。本研究比较了四种个性化机制对主观决策质量的影响。结果表明,单纯从众优于目标从众。目标一致性与协同过滤没有显著差异。这个结果可以帮助人们重新审视制作个性化系统的理想方法。
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引用次数: 27
No more shadow boxing with online music piracy: strategic business models to enhance revenues 不再与在线音乐盗版打拳:战略商业模式,以提高收入
S. Bhattacharjee, R. Gopal, K. Lertwachara, J. Marsden
Novel online file sharing technologies have created new market dynamics and posed a great challenge to the music industry to try and retain customers. Consumers have created anonymous online networks to exchange audio files at little cost, which has led to millions of shared, illegal copies of music files and related sales losses to the industry. Legal efforts to counter this trend have lagged the advances in technology. This research presents an analysis of selling strategies that can increase a music seller's revenues as online piracy continues to flourish. We study and compare scenarios of traditional music store selling with those of online-based strategies. We model and analyze pure per-unit, pure subscription and mixed strategies for online music services. Analytical modeling, empirical study and simulation analysis were used to investigate the issues in detail. Our results suggest that the quality of pirated music and search effort have a significant impact on viable strategies. For instance, as the quality of pirated music approaches that of a legal online seller, the per unit service becomes the least viable option. An interesting finding was that strategies that minimize piracy do not necessarily maximize revenues. In fact, both revenues and social welfare can be maximized in the subscription-based environment, even though they may lead to higher levels of piracy. Our research findings not only offer insights into an online experience market, but can also serve as a contemporary reflection on other similar information markets.
新颖的在线文件共享技术创造了新的市场动态,并对音乐行业试图留住客户提出了巨大的挑战。消费者创建了匿名在线网络,以低廉的成本交换音频文件,这导致数百万非法音乐文件被共享,并给音乐行业带来了相关的销售损失。对抗这一趋势的法律努力落后于技术的进步。这项研究提出了一个销售策略的分析,可以增加音乐销售商的收入,因为在线盗版继续蓬勃发展。我们研究并比较了传统音乐商店销售与在线销售策略的情况。我们对在线音乐服务的纯单位、纯订阅和混合策略进行建模和分析。采用分析建模、实证研究和仿真分析等方法对问题进行了详细探讨。我们的研究结果表明,盗版音乐的质量和搜索努力对可行的策略有重大影响。例如,随着盗版音乐的质量接近合法在线销售商的水平,按单位收费的服务成为最不可行的选择。一个有趣的发现是,最小化盗版的策略不一定能最大化收益。事实上,在以订阅为基础的环境中,收入和社会福利都可以最大化,即使它们可能导致更高水平的盗版。我们的研究结果不仅提供了对在线体验市场的见解,而且可以作为对其他类似信息市场的当代反思。
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引用次数: 31
An integrative implementation framework for electronic customer relationship management: revisiting the general principles of usability and resistance 电子客户关系管理的综合实施框架:重新审视可用性和阻力的一般原则
J. Fjermestad, N. Romano
Electronic customer relationship management (eCRM) has become the latest paradigm in the world of customer relationship management. Recent business surveys suggest that up to 50% of such implementations do not yield measurable returns on investment. A secondary analysis of 13 case studies suggests that many of these limited success implementations can be attributed to usability and resistance factors. The objective of this paper is to review the general usability and resistance principles in order build an integrative framework for analyzing eCRM case studies. The conclusions suggest that if organizations want to get the most from their eCRM implementations they need to revisit the general principles of usability and resistance and apply them.
电子客户关系管理(eCRM)已成为客户关系管理领域的最新范式。最近的商业调查表明,高达50%的此类实现不能产生可衡量的投资回报。对13个案例研究的二次分析表明,这些有限的成功实现可以归因于可用性和阻力因素。本文的目的是回顾一般的可用性和阻力原则,以便为分析eCRM案例研究建立一个综合框架。结论表明,如果组织想要从他们的eCRM实现中获得最大的收益,他们需要重新审视可用性和阻力的一般原则,并应用它们。
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引用次数: 44
A retail investor's perspective on the acceptance of Internet stock trading 散户投资者对互联网股票交易接受程度的看法
J. Lee-Partridge, Pei See Ho
In the digital economy of information and communication technology, several organizations from various industries are jumping onto the bandwagon of offering consumer-oriented electronic commerce applications. In Singapore, Internet stock trading has been at the forefront of this trend since 1998. However, to date, the penetration rate of online trading remains low. As such, this paper attempts to analyze the factors that affect the growth of Internet stock trading. We used Taylor and Todd's (1995) decomposed theory of planned behavior (TPB) framework to explain investors' acceptance through their intentions to trade online and to rationalize their intentions in terms of attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control and other related variables. The model is tested based on 291 responses obtained through personal interviews. The measures and hypotheses were analyzed using structural equation modeling. Results show that attitude and social factors significantly influence investors' intention towards adopting Internet stock trading.
在信息和通信技术的数字经济中,来自不同行业的一些组织正在加入提供面向消费者的电子商务应用程序的潮流。在新加坡,自1998年以来,互联网股票交易一直处于这一趋势的前沿。然而,到目前为止,网上交易的渗透率仍然很低。因此,本文试图分析影响互联网股票交易增长的因素。我们使用Taylor和Todd(1995)分解的计划行为理论(TPB)框架来解释投资者通过网上交易意愿的接受行为,并从态度、主观规范、感知行为控制等相关变量来合理化投资者的意愿。通过个人访谈获得291份问卷,对模型进行了检验。采用结构方程模型对措施和假设进行了分析。结果表明,态度和社会因素显著影响投资者采用互联网股票交易的意愿。
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引用次数: 58
期刊
36th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, 2003. Proceedings of the
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