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Enhanced knowledge management with eXtensible Rule Markup Language 使用可扩展规则标记语言增强知识管理
J. Lee, Mye M. Sohn
XML has become the standard platform for structured data exchange on the Web. Next concern of semantic Web is the exchange of rules in markup language form. The rules should be represented in such a way as to allow software agents to process and browse them for human comprehension. For this purpose, we propose a language eXtensible Rule Markup Language (XRML). XRML is composed of rule identification, rule structure, and rule triggering markup languages. In XRML, a critical concern is how to extract the structured rules implicitly embedded in the Web pages and keep consistency between the two. By using the XRML, the Web based knowledge management systems (KMS) can be integrated with rule-based expert systems. The advanced architecture with XRML can extend the application of KMS to automated form processing, preventive auditing, rule exchange and integration, and agent-based e-commerce.
XML已经成为Web上结构化数据交换的标准平台。语义Web的下一个关注点是以标记语言形式交换规则。规则应该以这样一种方式表示,即允许软件代理处理和浏览它们以供人类理解。为此,我们提出了一种可扩展规则标记语言(XRML)。xml由规则识别、规则结构和规则触发标记语言组成。在xhtml中,一个关键的问题是如何提取嵌入到Web页面中的结构化规则,并保持两者之间的一致性。通过使用xml,可以将基于Web的知识管理系统与基于规则的专家系统集成在一起。使用xml的高级体系结构可以将KMS的应用程序扩展到自动表单处理、预防性审计、规则交换和集成以及基于代理的电子商务。
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引用次数: 4
Evaluating on-line learning platforms: a case study 评估在线学习平台:一个案例研究
F. Colace, M. D. Santo, Mario Vento
Our "information-oriented" society shows an increasing exigency of life-long learning. In such framework, online learning is becoming an important tool to allow the flexibility and quality requested by such a kind of learning process. In the recent past, a great number of on-line platforms have been introduced on the market showing different characteristics and services. A series of features should be taken into account when one evaluates e-learning platforms, starting from the function and usability of the overall learning system in the context of the human, social and cultural organization within which it is to be used. Obviously, the analysis of the features of a system is not sufficient: it is also important to understand how they are integrated to facilitate learning and training and what principles are applied to guide the way the system is used. To evaluate them both pedagogical and technological aspects must be carefully evaluated. This paper proposes a model for describing and characterizing on-line learning platform component. The model is then used to evaluate the most known existing commercial platforms.
我们这个“信息导向”的社会越来越迫切需要终身学习。在这样的框架下,在线学习正成为实现这种学习过程所要求的灵活性和质量的重要工具。最近,市场上推出了大量的在线平台,呈现出不同的特点和服务。在评估电子学习平台时,应该考虑一系列的特征,从整个学习系统在人类、社会和文化组织的背景下的功能和可用性开始。显然,对系统特征的分析是不够的:了解如何将它们集成起来以促进学习和培训以及应用什么原则来指导系统的使用方式也很重要。为了评估它们,必须仔细评估教学和技术方面。本文提出了一个在线学习平台组件的描述和表征模型。然后使用该模型来评估最知名的现有商业平台。
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引用次数: 4
Studying customer evaluations of electronic commerce applications: a review and adaptation of the task-technology fit perspective 电子商务应用的顾客评价研究:任务-技术契合视角的回顾与适应
John D. Wells, Saonee Sarker, Andrew Urbaczewski, Suprateek Sarker
The advantages arising from the emergence of electronic commerce (EC) are manifold. From automating inventory replenishment to replacing traditional sales channels with Web-based interfaces, the concept of electronic commerce presents a number of research challenges and opportunities. A key prerequisite for leveraging EC applications is a thorough understanding of how customers interact with these applications. A primary challenge for the successful design and implementation of these applications is managing not only the increasingly heterogeneous nature of the task performed in the context of EC, but the wide variety of interaction devices (e.g., wireless phones, PDAs, etc.) that customers use to execute these tasks. The significance and primary contribution of this research effort is to adapt and apply task-technology fit (TTF) theory to an EC domain. Using the techniques outlined by Goodhue (1995), TTF constructs for an EC task domain are derived by applying factors/principles from Web usability research. The TTF determinants of task, technology, and individual characteristics are modified to fit an EC domain. An electronic commerce TTF instrument is presented along with a research model for better understanding the relationships between independent and dependent variables. Finally, plans and implications for future research are discussed.
电子商务的出现带来的好处是多方面的。从自动化库存补充到用基于web的界面取代传统销售渠道,电子商务的概念提出了许多研究挑战和机遇。利用EC应用程序的一个关键先决条件是彻底了解客户如何与这些应用程序交互。成功设计和实现这些应用程序的主要挑战不仅是管理在电子商务上下文中执行的任务日益异构的性质,而且是管理客户用来执行这些任务的各种各样的交互设备(例如,无线电话、pda等)。本研究的意义和主要贡献在于将任务-技术匹配理论应用于电子商务领域。使用Goodhue(1995)概述的技术,通过应用Web可用性研究中的因素/原则,推导出EC任务域的TTF结构。任务、技术和个人特征的TTF决定因素被修改以适应EC领域。为了更好地理解自变量和因变量之间的关系,提出了一个电子商务TTF工具以及一个研究模型。最后,讨论了未来研究的计划和意义。
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引用次数: 25
Strategies for successfully deploying e-markets: lessons from the China context 成功部署电子市场的策略:来自中国的经验教训
M. Khalifa, Probir Banerjee, Louis C. K. Ma
Several e-marketplaces, operating from the US, Hong Kong (HK) and China cater exclusively to China related trade. Amidst conflicting reports on China's B2B growth forecasts and uncertain survival prospects of e-markets, strategies for successful deployment become important. In this study we analyse the characteristics and deployment strategy of 4 e-markets that cater to China trade. Based on our analysis of these e-markets and review of extant research and frameworks that address the issues of e-market participation and deployment, we conclude that existing IS frameworks that help managers effectively deploy e-markets must be revised and augmented. A new framework for successful deployment of e-markets is developed. We conclude with a summary of our research and directions for further research.
在美国、香港和中国经营的一些电子市场专门为与中国有关的贸易提供服务。在关于中国B2B增长预测的相互矛盾的报告和电子市场不确定的生存前景中,成功部署的策略变得重要。本文分析了4个面向中国贸易的电子市场的特点和部署策略。基于我们对这些电子市场的分析,以及对现有研究和框架的回顾,我们得出结论,帮助管理者有效部署电子市场的现有信息系统框架必须进行修订和扩充。开发了一个成功部署电子市场的新框架。最后,对本文的研究进行了总结,并提出了进一步研究的方向。
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引用次数: 9
Information technology and public administration - policy for IT-enabled public administration 信息技术和公共管理-信息技术支持的公共管理政策
B. von Bredow, A. Cresswell, M. Wimmer
This Minitrack presents work that focuses on the relationship between issues of public policy and the development and implementation of information technology in the public sector. Information technology use in public administration can be both the result of policy developments and also an influence on the direction of policy decisions. The papers in this minitrack explore various aspects of these relationships and interactions.
本迷你目录介绍的工作侧重于公共政策问题与公共部门信息技术的发展和实施之间的关系。在公共行政中使用信息技术既可以是政策发展的结果,也可以对政策决定的方向产生影响。这篇论文探讨了这些关系和相互作用的各个方面。
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引用次数: 0
Designed for success - empirical evidence on features of corporate Web pages 为成功而设计——企业网页特征的经验证据
Nils Madeja, D. Schoder
We investigate how eight concepts derived from the media characteristics of the WWW impact corporate success in e-business if implemented as features of companies' Web sites. We construct a path model for testing our research hypotheses on three subsets of a representative survey of 1,308 cases, 469 general, 215 which target businesses (B2B), and 224 companies which target consumers (B2C). We find that information and functionality richness as well as keeping the site up to date are the key drivers of success for general companies. The key success factors for B2B-companies appear to be the interactive character of the site as well as keeping it up-to-date. B2C-companies can increase their success in e-business if their Web sites show content from a variety of media as well as if they are easy to navigate and readily accessible.
我们研究了从WWW的媒体特征中衍生出来的八个概念,如果作为公司网站的特征加以实施,将如何影响企业在电子商务中的成功。我们构建了一个路径模型来测试我们的研究假设在三个子集上的代表性调查1,308个案例,469个一般,215个针对企业(B2B), 224个针对消费者(B2C)的公司。我们发现,信息和功能的丰富性以及保持网站的更新是一般公司成功的关键驱动因素。b2b公司成功的关键因素似乎是网站的互动性以及保持更新。如果b2c公司的网站显示来自各种媒体的内容,并且易于导航和易于访问,那么它们就可以增加在电子商务方面的成功。
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引用次数: 26
Market entry strategies of application service providers: identifying strategic differentiation 应用服务提供商的市场进入策略:识别战略差异化
Bhavini Desai, V. Weerakkody, W. Currie, D. S. Tebboune, Naureen Khan
In the last few years there has been much interest in the delivery of software-as-a-service. The concept of the remote delivery of software by application service providers (ASPs) has captured the imagination of many academics, practitioners and technology analysts. Yet analyst predictions and expectations with respect to the growth of this new e-business model have not been realised. Although many independent software vendors (ISVs) and other firms such as Telcos' have embraced the ASP business model, few have managed to deploy this business model profitably. Many firms that entered the market in the dot.com wave have struggled to stay in business due to the highly dynamic and turbulent nature of the ASP market. This paper analyses how ASPs are developing their market entry strategies with a view to creating strategic differentiation. It first gives an overview of the outsourcing and ASP literature and then examines the strategies developed by two ASP market entrants: a global telecommunications firm and a European ASP startup. Whilst these firms occupy different segments of the technology sector, the research findings show that they both fail to differentiate their products and services resulting in a failure to successfully develop an ASP business. The paper concludes by suggesting that ASP market entrants need to become more adept at developing strategic partnerships with firms in the technology sector if they are to offer the end-user an outsourced business solution, which can compete on price, quality and service.
在过去的几年里,人们对软件即服务的交付产生了浓厚的兴趣。通过应用程序服务提供商(asp)远程交付软件的概念吸引了许多学者、从业者和技术分析师的想象力。然而,分析人士对这种新的电子商务模式的增长的预测和期望还没有实现。尽管许多独立的软件供应商(isv)和其他公司(如电信公司)已经接受了ASP商业模式,但很少有人能够成功地部署这种商业模式并从中获利。由于ASP市场的高度动态和动荡的性质,许多在dot.com浪潮中进入市场的公司都在努力保持业务。本文分析了asp如何发展其市场进入战略,以期创造战略差异化。它首先概述了外包和ASP文献,然后研究了两个ASP市场进入者制定的策略:一家全球电信公司和一家欧洲ASP初创公司。虽然这些公司占据了技术领域的不同部分,但研究结果表明,他们都未能区分他们的产品和服务,导致未能成功发展ASP业务。论文的结论是,如果ASP市场进入者要为最终用户提供外包业务解决方案,在价格、质量和服务上具有竞争力,他们需要更加熟练地与技术部门的公司发展战略伙伴关系。
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引用次数: 21
Multi-criteria task assignment in workflow management systems 工作流管理系统中的多准则任务分配
Minxin Shen, G. Tzeng, Duen-Ren Liu
During workflow design, workflow modelers generally specify the performers of a task by their organizational role. However, during workflow enactment, numerous workers with different skills and expertise may share the same role in an organization, making it hard to select appropriate individuals based merely on the assignment relation between a role and a task. To bridge the gap between abstract roles and real workers, this work proposes a multi-criteria assessment model capable of evaluating the suitability of individual workers for a specified task according to their capabilities, social relationships, and existing tasks. Candidates are ranked based on their suitability scores to support workflow administrators in selecting appropriate workers to perform the tasks assigned to a given role. The proposed assessment model overcomes the lack of role-based task assignment in current workflow management systems.
在工作流设计期间,工作流建模者通常按其组织角色指定任务的执行者。然而,在工作流制定过程中,许多具有不同技能和专业知识的工作人员可能在组织中共享相同的角色,这使得仅根据角色和任务之间的分配关系来选择合适的个人变得困难。为了弥合抽象角色和真实工作者之间的差距,本研究提出了一个多标准评估模型,该模型能够根据个人的能力、社会关系和现有任务来评估个人工作者对特定任务的适用性。候选人根据他们的适合性分数进行排名,以支持工作流管理员选择合适的工作人员来执行分配给给定角色的任务。提出的评估模型克服了当前工作流管理系统中基于角色的任务分配的不足。
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引用次数: 92
E-government: a special case of ICT-enabled business process change 电子政务:信息通信技术支持的业务流程变更的一个特殊案例
H. Scholl
The literature on business process reengineering (BPR) has evolved into a strand of literature which studies organizational change (OC), and more specifically, business process change (BPC), induced and enabled by information and communication technology (ICT). With the unfolding of electronic government (e-government) changes to the way government works also seem to be imminent. Electronic government increasingly impacts business processes and workflows in the public sector. The BPC/ICT research, hence, has the capacity to directly inform both the research and practice of electronic government. In this paper, the findings of the BPC/ICT literature are reviewed and discussed regarding their applicability to electronic government. Both the theory and preliminary empirical evidence suggest that electronic government must be seen as a special case of ICT-enabled business process change.
关于业务流程再造(BPR)的文献已经发展成为研究组织变革(OC)的文献链,更具体地说,是研究由信息和通信技术(ICT)引发和实现的业务流程变革(BPC)的文献链。随着电子政务的发展,政府工作方式的变革似乎也迫在眉睫。电子政务日益影响公共部门的业务流程和工作流程。因此,BPC/ICT研究有能力直接为电子政府的研究和实践提供信息。本文回顾和讨论了BPC/ICT文献在电子政务中的适用性。理论和初步的经验证据都表明,电子政务必须被视为信息通信技术支持的业务流程变革的一个特殊案例。
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引用次数: 150
Identifying a company's noncustomer online communities: a proto-typology 确定公司的非客户在线社区:原型类型学
E. Reid
This paper describes an exploratory, qualitative study of a process for extracting, identifying and exploiting an enterprise's implicit (less visible) Web communities using link analysis. By identifying the implicit communities' relationships to a specific enterprise, the information can be organized into stakeholder groups and used for 'listening' to the external environments. A proto-typology was derived using analysis of 445 hypertext links and their associated textual annotations (comments) to the Web site of MicroStrategy, a business intelligence vendor. The proto-typology can be used not only to identify independent but implicit community of users who virtually interact and relate with an enterprise, but also understand how the enterprise supports their interests and value creation activities.
本文描述了一个探索性的、定性的研究过程,该过程使用链接分析来提取、识别和利用企业的隐式(不太可见的)Web社区。通过识别隐式社区与特定企业的关系,可以将信息组织到利益相关者组中,并用于“倾听”外部环境。通过对商业智能供应商MicroStrategy网站的445个超文本链接及其相关文本注释(注释)的分析,得出了原型类型。原型类型学不仅可以用来识别独立的、隐含的用户社区,这些用户实际上与企业进行交互和联系,还可以用来理解企业如何支持他们的兴趣和价值创造活动。
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引用次数: 29
期刊
36th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, 2003. Proceedings of the
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