While mobile clinic services have been tremendously helpful to patients in the under-developed areas, they often suffer from poor quality of patient management due to lack of capability for continuity of care. Collaborating with VillageMED, a US-based nonprofit that provides periodic medical services to Haiti communities, we investigated implications for the design of an EMR to support mobile clinics. Key design considerations we found include: (1) simplicity and ease of use, (2) seamless support of the existing clinical workflow through feature segmentation, and (3) flexibility to accommodate organizational and operational variability. Using the findings, we designed and implemented, through an iterative process, an EMR suitable for use in mobile clinics. We conclude by discussing design implications to improve quality of care in mobile clinics.
{"title":"Creating an EMR system to support mobile clinics in Haiti","authors":"Sunyoung Kim, Theresa Allen, Damini Bhatt","doi":"10.1145/3287098.3289282","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3287098.3289282","url":null,"abstract":"While mobile clinic services have been tremendously helpful to patients in the under-developed areas, they often suffer from poor quality of patient management due to lack of capability for continuity of care. Collaborating with VillageMED, a US-based nonprofit that provides periodic medical services to Haiti communities, we investigated implications for the design of an EMR to support mobile clinics. Key design considerations we found include: (1) simplicity and ease of use, (2) seamless support of the existing clinical workflow through feature segmentation, and (3) flexibility to accommodate organizational and operational variability. Using the findings, we designed and implemented, through an iterative process, an EMR suitable for use in mobile clinics. We conclude by discussing design implications to improve quality of care in mobile clinics.","PeriodicalId":159525,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Tenth International Conference on Information and Communication Technologies and Development","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122018550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Prior research on anonymous social media (ASM) has studied the issue of sexual harassment and has revealed its connections to stereotyping, aggression, interpersonal relationships, and mental health among others [16, 24, 60]. However, the characteristics of such harassment in the context of low and middle-income countries (LMICs) in the global south has not received enough attention in the literature. This paper presents our findings on the use of ASM in Bangladesh based on an anonymous online survey of (n= 291) participants and semi-structured interviews with (n= 27) participants. Our study shows a wide prevalence of sexual harassment on anonymous social networks in Bangladesh, the relationship between a closely-knitted communal culture and anonymous harassment, and the lack of infrastructural support for the victims. We also propose a set of design and policy recommendations for such anonymous social media to extend the current ICTD literature on ensuring a safer online environment for women, especially in an LMIC.
{"title":"Online sexual harassment over anonymous social media in Bangladesh","authors":"Fayika Farhat Nova, Md. Rashidujjaman Rifat, Pratyasha Saha, Syed Ishtiaque Ahmed, Shion Guha","doi":"10.1145/3287098.3287107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3287098.3287107","url":null,"abstract":"Prior research on anonymous social media (ASM) has studied the issue of sexual harassment and has revealed its connections to stereotyping, aggression, interpersonal relationships, and mental health among others [16, 24, 60]. However, the characteristics of such harassment in the context of low and middle-income countries (LMICs) in the global south has not received enough attention in the literature. This paper presents our findings on the use of ASM in Bangladesh based on an anonymous online survey of (n= 291) participants and semi-structured interviews with (n= 27) participants. Our study shows a wide prevalence of sexual harassment on anonymous social networks in Bangladesh, the relationship between a closely-knitted communal culture and anonymous harassment, and the lack of infrastructural support for the victims. We also propose a set of design and policy recommendations for such anonymous social media to extend the current ICTD literature on ensuring a safer online environment for women, especially in an LMIC.","PeriodicalId":159525,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Tenth International Conference on Information and Communication Technologies and Development","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124813436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Open Government Data(OGD) is the latest entrant to the field of Governance and to its sub-field of transparency and accountability. The data on many rights-based programmes are increasingly being published in the public domain to enable citizens to claim their rights. However, publishing data might not lead to effective use. Using the case of India's public works programme - the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act(MGNREGA), we argue that there is a mismatch between the rights-based approach of the development interventions and the assumptions of OGD. We conclude by arguing for the need to ground OGD initiatives in a rights-based framework.
{"title":"A rights-based approach to open government data","authors":"Rajesh Dinesh Hanbal, A. Prakash","doi":"10.1145/3287098.3287148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3287098.3287148","url":null,"abstract":"Open Government Data(OGD) is the latest entrant to the field of Governance and to its sub-field of transparency and accountability. The data on many rights-based programmes are increasingly being published in the public domain to enable citizens to claim their rights. However, publishing data might not lead to effective use. Using the case of India's public works programme - the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act(MGNREGA), we argue that there is a mismatch between the rights-based approach of the development interventions and the assumptions of OGD. We conclude by arguing for the need to ground OGD initiatives in a rights-based framework.","PeriodicalId":159525,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Tenth International Conference on Information and Communication Technologies and Development","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121457003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Talal Ahmad, Y. Zaki, Thomas Pötsch, Jay Chen, A. Sathiaseelan, L. Subramanian
Despite increasing mobile Internet penetration in emerging regions, the growth of web page complexity combined with inadequate content delivery mechanisms and lack of relevant local content make the web experience poor for users in these regions. In this paper, we propose GAIUS, a content ecosystem that enables the efficient creation and dissemination of locally relevant web content. GAIUS aims at creating a community content exchange that enables users to easily create and consume relevant web content with the help of a mobile application. Based on an early deployment of GAIUS in various regions, we show that our ecosystem enables localized content creation and diffusion efficiently.
{"title":"GAIUS: a new mobile content creation and diffusion ecosystem for emerging regions","authors":"Talal Ahmad, Y. Zaki, Thomas Pötsch, Jay Chen, A. Sathiaseelan, L. Subramanian","doi":"10.1145/3287098.3287130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3287098.3287130","url":null,"abstract":"Despite increasing mobile Internet penetration in emerging regions, the growth of web page complexity combined with inadequate content delivery mechanisms and lack of relevant local content make the web experience poor for users in these regions. In this paper, we propose GAIUS, a content ecosystem that enables the efficient creation and dissemination of locally relevant web content. GAIUS aims at creating a community content exchange that enables users to easily create and consume relevant web content with the help of a mobile application. Based on an early deployment of GAIUS in various regions, we show that our ecosystem enables localized content creation and diffusion efficiently.","PeriodicalId":159525,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Tenth International Conference on Information and Communication Technologies and Development","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121389988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Given that the number of refugees and displaced populations around the world is reaching calamitous proportions and given the high penetration of mobile phones and internet among refugee populations, there is an imperative need to understand the role of information and communication technologies (ICTs) in serving their information needs. Using five key themes from ICTD research - digital divide, social inclusion and community development, economic well-being and financial inclusion, education, and health, this poster provides an in-depth literature review of the nascent ICT for Refugees research field. We then discuss the gaps identified in existing research, provide some future research questions for the field and conclude that future lies in the interdisciplinary and collaborative interaction between researchers, policy makers and refugees themselves.
{"title":"The role of ICTs in refugee lives","authors":"Ashwed Patil","doi":"10.1145/3287098.3287144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3287098.3287144","url":null,"abstract":"Given that the number of refugees and displaced populations around the world is reaching calamitous proportions and given the high penetration of mobile phones and internet among refugee populations, there is an imperative need to understand the role of information and communication technologies (ICTs) in serving their information needs. Using five key themes from ICTD research - digital divide, social inclusion and community development, economic well-being and financial inclusion, education, and health, this poster provides an in-depth literature review of the nascent ICT for Refugees research field. We then discuss the gaps identified in existing research, provide some future research questions for the field and conclude that future lies in the interdisciplinary and collaborative interaction between researchers, policy makers and refugees themselves.","PeriodicalId":159525,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Tenth International Conference on Information and Communication Technologies and Development","volume":"164 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123176668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. R. Suri, Nimmy Rangaswamy, Tanmay Joshi, M. Joshi, S. Nanavati
Today, the consequence of viewing work automation as a face-off between human potential and smart technology denies the role of business acumen, tacit knowledge, market forces and social contexts that shape work environments around the world. Using a socio-technical framework, we examine the consequences arising out of the introduction of automation in the quality testing segment of the IT industry in India. We highlight key socio-economic parameters influencing the decisions to automate a testing environment. Next, by applying an ICTD lens, we analyze the ensuing discourse emerging from the voices of Quality Testers imbuing value into the testing job profile and juxtapose these discourses with current QT work practices. Finally, we highlight the importance of creating better QT work practices in tandem with training strategies that allow IT professionals to draw upon their implicit knowledge, critical thinking, computing skills, and business process knowledge, and combine it with automated QT testing procedures to add more value to QT profession.
{"title":"Tool smiths in off-shored work: socio-technical system of quality testing in India","authors":"V. R. Suri, Nimmy Rangaswamy, Tanmay Joshi, M. Joshi, S. Nanavati","doi":"10.1145/3287098.3287112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3287098.3287112","url":null,"abstract":"Today, the consequence of viewing work automation as a face-off between human potential and smart technology denies the role of business acumen, tacit knowledge, market forces and social contexts that shape work environments around the world. Using a socio-technical framework, we examine the consequences arising out of the introduction of automation in the quality testing segment of the IT industry in India. We highlight key socio-economic parameters influencing the decisions to automate a testing environment. Next, by applying an ICTD lens, we analyze the ensuing discourse emerging from the voices of Quality Testers imbuing value into the testing job profile and juxtapose these discourses with current QT work practices. Finally, we highlight the importance of creating better QT work practices in tandem with training strategies that allow IT professionals to draw upon their implicit knowledge, critical thinking, computing skills, and business process knowledge, and combine it with automated QT testing procedures to add more value to QT profession.","PeriodicalId":159525,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Tenth International Conference on Information and Communication Technologies and Development","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129431914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This note presents an analysis of videos containing narrative stories of eight women in Nepal who had experienced domestic violence. The analysis highlights multifaceted issues and dependencies that coerced the survivors1 to stay in the abusive environment. Further, we present cases where the legal system failed to support the survivor because it overlooked the survivor's unique and complex situation. We contrast those cases with agency-supporting cases where the survivors had more control and could decide when and how they wanted to engage resources. We argue that designed systems, whether they be technologies or public policies, need to support the survivor's agency rather than seeing them as victims needing to be saved.
{"title":"Beyond saving: a case for agency-first approach against domestic violence","authors":"Aakash Gautam, Chandani Shrestha, D. Tatar","doi":"10.1145/3287098.3287147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3287098.3287147","url":null,"abstract":"This note presents an analysis of videos containing narrative stories of eight women in Nepal who had experienced domestic violence. The analysis highlights multifaceted issues and dependencies that coerced the survivors1 to stay in the abusive environment. Further, we present cases where the legal system failed to support the survivor because it overlooked the survivor's unique and complex situation. We contrast those cases with agency-supporting cases where the survivors had more control and could decide when and how they wanted to engage resources. We argue that designed systems, whether they be technologies or public policies, need to support the survivor's agency rather than seeing them as victims needing to be saved.","PeriodicalId":159525,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Tenth International Conference on Information and Communication Technologies and Development","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129887321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
As access to and control of data becomes increasingly democratized, understanding the potential and constraints for low resource contexts has important implications for system design as well as practice. Our research pushes the bounds of current system deployment by proposing and testing an ICT-based participatory data management system to transform participants from data providers to data consumers. This tool begins with participatory design, which engages participants in deciding which types of data to collect. Then, it involves training them in data collection, analysis and management. This enables participants to gain basic data science skills to make informed decisions. Our study uses mixed methods to explore the feasibility and effects of this system with urban refugees living in Rwanda. The quantitative results indicate refugees' perceived effectiveness in using the system to build communities is directly influenced by system usability assessments, which in turn are influenced by education levels but not ICT self-efficacy. Qualitative results highlight the community-based interactions experienced by all participants and highlight important differences in pursuing projects with urban versus camp-based refugees.
{"title":"Participatory data collection and management in low-resource contexts: a field trial with urban refugees","authors":"Ying Xu, C. Maitland","doi":"10.1145/3287098.3287104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3287098.3287104","url":null,"abstract":"As access to and control of data becomes increasingly democratized, understanding the potential and constraints for low resource contexts has important implications for system design as well as practice. Our research pushes the bounds of current system deployment by proposing and testing an ICT-based participatory data management system to transform participants from data providers to data consumers. This tool begins with participatory design, which engages participants in deciding which types of data to collect. Then, it involves training them in data collection, analysis and management. This enables participants to gain basic data science skills to make informed decisions. Our study uses mixed methods to explore the feasibility and effects of this system with urban refugees living in Rwanda. The quantitative results indicate refugees' perceived effectiveness in using the system to build communities is directly influenced by system usability assessments, which in turn are influenced by education levels but not ICT self-efficacy. Qualitative results highlight the community-based interactions experienced by all participants and highlight important differences in pursuing projects with urban versus camp-based refugees.","PeriodicalId":159525,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Tenth International Conference on Information and Communication Technologies and Development","volume":"79 7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130696734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Khushbakht Naveed, Zofishan Hameed, A. Khalid, A. Hamid, Beenish Fatima, Amna Batool
The purpose of this research is to identify the issues regarding organ donation. The aspects explored in this research are cultural, religious and traditional concepts, which affect the whole process of organ donation and transplantation in Pakistan. We concluded, most of the people including patients have concerns regarding trust and the unavailability of the organs. To address the issues a transparent technical platform is needed which will connect the donor, recipients, and physicians directly where hospital management will mediate between them.
{"title":"Exploratory study on organ donation and organ transplantation in Pakistan","authors":"Khushbakht Naveed, Zofishan Hameed, A. Khalid, A. Hamid, Beenish Fatima, Amna Batool","doi":"10.1145/3287098.3287145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3287098.3287145","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this research is to identify the issues regarding organ donation. The aspects explored in this research are cultural, religious and traditional concepts, which affect the whole process of organ donation and transplantation in Pakistan. We concluded, most of the people including patients have concerns regarding trust and the unavailability of the organs. To address the issues a transparent technical platform is needed which will connect the donor, recipients, and physicians directly where hospital management will mediate between them.","PeriodicalId":159525,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Tenth International Conference on Information and Communication Technologies and Development","volume":"118 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131848466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hasan Murad, Nafis Irtiza Tripto, Mohammed Eunus Ali
Deep learning based assistive technologies for the visually impaired and blind people have gained increasing attention from various research communities in recent years. In this paper, we have developed a camera-based automatic currency recognizer for Bangladeshi bank notes that assists visually impaired people in Bangladesh. We have exploited the deep learning architecture MobileNet for classification of bank notes. We have evaluated the performance of our model using a novel dataset consisting of nearly 8000 images of Bangladeshi bank notes. To verify the effectiveness and efficacy of the proposed solution, we have developed a mobile Android application, and evaluated and validated the application with the users from a blind community. The validation shows that our proposed system is robust and highly effective with heterogeneous environment.
{"title":"Developing a bangla currency recognizer for visually impaired people","authors":"Hasan Murad, Nafis Irtiza Tripto, Mohammed Eunus Ali","doi":"10.1145/3287098.3287152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3287098.3287152","url":null,"abstract":"Deep learning based assistive technologies for the visually impaired and blind people have gained increasing attention from various research communities in recent years. In this paper, we have developed a camera-based automatic currency recognizer for Bangladeshi bank notes that assists visually impaired people in Bangladesh. We have exploited the deep learning architecture MobileNet for classification of bank notes. We have evaluated the performance of our model using a novel dataset consisting of nearly 8000 images of Bangladeshi bank notes. To verify the effectiveness and efficacy of the proposed solution, we have developed a mobile Android application, and evaluated and validated the application with the users from a blind community. The validation shows that our proposed system is robust and highly effective with heterogeneous environment.","PeriodicalId":159525,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Tenth International Conference on Information and Communication Technologies and Development","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115473120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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