We present an initial qualitative exploration of Twitter data on autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) from India and the United States, conducted with the goal of learning more about the nature of existing online awareness around ASDs in India. We collected tweets from both locations during and around World Autism Awareness Day and World AIDS Day. We then qualitatively analyzed these tweets, finding differences in how each country talks about stigmatized health issues and how Indian users talk about ASDs. We use these findings to discuss potential avenues for research on supporting and extending existing levels of autism awareness in India.
{"title":"#autism: Twitter as a lens to explore differences in autism awareness in India and the United States","authors":"Naveena Karusala, Neha Kumar, R. Arriaga","doi":"10.1145/3287098.3287137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3287098.3287137","url":null,"abstract":"We present an initial qualitative exploration of Twitter data on autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) from India and the United States, conducted with the goal of learning more about the nature of existing online awareness around ASDs in India. We collected tweets from both locations during and around World Autism Awareness Day and World AIDS Day. We then qualitatively analyzed these tweets, finding differences in how each country talks about stigmatized health issues and how Indian users talk about ASDs. We use these findings to discuss potential avenues for research on supporting and extending existing levels of autism awareness in India.","PeriodicalId":159525,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Tenth International Conference on Information and Communication Technologies and Development","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128571657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Esther H. Showalter, Nicole Moghaddas, Morgan Vigil-Hayes, E. Zegura, E. Belding-Royer
We investigate Internet traffic logs on rural Native American reservations in California served by a tribally-owned Internet provider. The anonymous user browsing traffic and device preferences create unique failure patterns that reveal where connectivity is not well-served by standard networking technology. Geographical and cultural marginalization has lead to distinctive Internet usage when connectivity is available. For instance, residents commonly visit websites that are not as popular in the wider United States; and mobile devices dominate web request traffic, often with content-heavy video and media downloads, despite sustaining a higher rate of failure than desktop devices. This statistical analysis of passive measurements avoids institutional and cultural biases and ensures continuing research will contribute to a decolonizing narrative of Native American informational practices and values. Based on our analysis, we propose follow-up research angles to better understand the technological and social drivers behind these findings in order to improve user experience in this, and similar, networks.
{"title":"Indigenous internet: nuances of native american internet use","authors":"Esther H. Showalter, Nicole Moghaddas, Morgan Vigil-Hayes, E. Zegura, E. Belding-Royer","doi":"10.1145/3287098.3287141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3287098.3287141","url":null,"abstract":"We investigate Internet traffic logs on rural Native American reservations in California served by a tribally-owned Internet provider. The anonymous user browsing traffic and device preferences create unique failure patterns that reveal where connectivity is not well-served by standard networking technology. Geographical and cultural marginalization has lead to distinctive Internet usage when connectivity is available. For instance, residents commonly visit websites that are not as popular in the wider United States; and mobile devices dominate web request traffic, often with content-heavy video and media downloads, despite sustaining a higher rate of failure than desktop devices. This statistical analysis of passive measurements avoids institutional and cultural biases and ensures continuing research will contribute to a decolonizing narrative of Native American informational practices and values. Based on our analysis, we propose follow-up research angles to better understand the technological and social drivers behind these findings in order to improve user experience in this, and similar, networks.","PeriodicalId":159525,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Tenth International Conference on Information and Communication Technologies and Development","volume":"299 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124277432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Noah Klugman, Santiago Correa, P. Pannuto, Matthew Podolsky, Jay Taneja, P. Dutta
Incentives are a key facet of human studies research, yet the state-of-the-art often designs and implements incentive systems in an ad-hoc, on-demand manner. We introduce the first vocabulary for formally describing incentive systems and develop a software infrastructure that enables UI-based graphical generation of complex, auditable, reliable, and reproducible incentive systems. We call this infrastructure the Open INcentive Kit (OINK). A review of recent literature from several communities finds that of the one hundred and twenty-one publications that incorporate incentives, only thirty-one describe their incentive system in detail, and all of these could be implemented using OINK. We evaluate OINK in practice by using it for an active energy monitoring deployment in Ghana and find that OINK successfully facilitates thousands of individual incentive payments. Finally, we describe our efforts to generalize OINK for different research communities, specifically focusing on architectural decisions around extensibility to support unanticipated use cases. OINK is free and open-source software.
{"title":"The open incentive kit (OINK): standardizing the generation, comparison, and deployment of incentive systems","authors":"Noah Klugman, Santiago Correa, P. Pannuto, Matthew Podolsky, Jay Taneja, P. Dutta","doi":"10.1145/3287098.3287101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3287098.3287101","url":null,"abstract":"Incentives are a key facet of human studies research, yet the state-of-the-art often designs and implements incentive systems in an ad-hoc, on-demand manner. We introduce the first vocabulary for formally describing incentive systems and develop a software infrastructure that enables UI-based graphical generation of complex, auditable, reliable, and reproducible incentive systems. We call this infrastructure the Open INcentive Kit (OINK). A review of recent literature from several communities finds that of the one hundred and twenty-one publications that incorporate incentives, only thirty-one describe their incentive system in detail, and all of these could be implemented using OINK. We evaluate OINK in practice by using it for an active energy monitoring deployment in Ghana and find that OINK successfully facilitates thousands of individual incentive payments. Finally, we describe our efforts to generalize OINK for different research communities, specifically focusing on architectural decisions around extensibility to support unanticipated use cases. OINK is free and open-source software.","PeriodicalId":159525,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Tenth International Conference on Information and Communication Technologies and Development","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123592499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Early detection of developmental and growth deviations enables early intervention so that children and parents suffer minimal irreversible physical and financial damage. In India however, pediatricians operate within acute time constraints that keep them from performing comprehensive developmental assessments for their patients. Parents' lack of awareness regarding growth and development milestones further hinders early detection. Our paper contributes the design and evaluation of a probe that seeks to understand the needs of variously resource-constrained middle-class parents in India for monitoring their children's growth, development, and immunization milestones. Our findings highlight the potential of mobile information-based applications to engage, assist, and empower Indian parents. In addition, we describe the affordances of a design process that originated amidst a richly resourced hackerspace organized to address the needs of under-resourced settings, and discuss the consequences of this process on our design.
{"title":"Nurture: assisted pediatrics for indian parents","authors":"Neha Kumar, R. Chandwani, J. Kientz","doi":"10.1145/3287098.3287114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3287098.3287114","url":null,"abstract":"Early detection of developmental and growth deviations enables early intervention so that children and parents suffer minimal irreversible physical and financial damage. In India however, pediatricians operate within acute time constraints that keep them from performing comprehensive developmental assessments for their patients. Parents' lack of awareness regarding growth and development milestones further hinders early detection. Our paper contributes the design and evaluation of a probe that seeks to understand the needs of variously resource-constrained middle-class parents in India for monitoring their children's growth, development, and immunization milestones. Our findings highlight the potential of mobile information-based applications to engage, assist, and empower Indian parents. In addition, we describe the affordances of a design process that originated amidst a richly resourced hackerspace organized to address the needs of under-resourced settings, and discuss the consequences of this process on our design.","PeriodicalId":159525,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Tenth International Conference on Information and Communication Technologies and Development","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124153634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
India is experiencing a radical technology transformation as smartphone ownership and data usage has skyrocketed, with penetration even into low-income areas in urban India. This provides an opportunity to design more inclusive services on the smartphone. This paper describes the design of SalaPrayana, a financial management application for end-users with a range of literacies. Designing apps for a target audience with a range of literacies introduces tensions between visual interface design and the complexity of information conveyed. We present our designs and discuss some of these challenges. We found we could communicate familiar information, such as payment history, easily to all users, but other more complex information such as 'Loan Status' remained challenging.
{"title":"Designing a financial management smartphone app for users with mixed literacies","authors":"Udayan Tandon, Lavanya Siri, A. Mehra, J. O'Neill","doi":"10.1145/3287098.3287131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3287098.3287131","url":null,"abstract":"India is experiencing a radical technology transformation as smartphone ownership and data usage has skyrocketed, with penetration even into low-income areas in urban India. This provides an opportunity to design more inclusive services on the smartphone. This paper describes the design of SalaPrayana, a financial management application for end-users with a range of literacies. Designing apps for a target audience with a range of literacies introduces tensions between visual interface design and the complexity of information conveyed. We present our designs and discuss some of these challenges. We found we could communicate familiar information, such as payment history, easily to all users, but other more complex information such as 'Loan Status' remained challenging.","PeriodicalId":159525,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Tenth International Conference on Information and Communication Technologies and Development","volume":"215 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132417477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Surabhi Mehrotra, P. Mammen, K. Ramamritham, R. Bardhan
Rapid urbanization with haphazard growth pattern often leads to intensification of built-up areas. The built-up areas increase the ambient air temperature and results in heat stress conditions thereby causing adverse health impacts. Therefore, mitigation of urban warming has become a major concern for urban administrators. Accurate identification of heat stressed areas has been difficult due to the low spatial or temporal resolutions of data collected through conventional methods. Hence, in this paper, we have applied an ICT based solution by deploying low cost sensor modules at various building typologies to continuously monitor and capture the diurnal thermal variations in air temperatures. With diurnal temperature profile, we could assess 1) the thermal gradient of varied built typologies and, 2) using spatial analytics, we could analyse the spatial variability of hotspots in the study area. ICT based data-driven approach provides a novel solution to thermal monitoring and inform future policies on building regulations to achieve the greater goal of sustainable urban development.
{"title":"Data driven monitoring of thermal profile: towards sustainable urban habitats","authors":"Surabhi Mehrotra, P. Mammen, K. Ramamritham, R. Bardhan","doi":"10.1145/3287098.3287133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3287098.3287133","url":null,"abstract":"Rapid urbanization with haphazard growth pattern often leads to intensification of built-up areas. The built-up areas increase the ambient air temperature and results in heat stress conditions thereby causing adverse health impacts. Therefore, mitigation of urban warming has become a major concern for urban administrators. Accurate identification of heat stressed areas has been difficult due to the low spatial or temporal resolutions of data collected through conventional methods. Hence, in this paper, we have applied an ICT based solution by deploying low cost sensor modules at various building typologies to continuously monitor and capture the diurnal thermal variations in air temperatures. With diurnal temperature profile, we could assess 1) the thermal gradient of varied built typologies and, 2) using spatial analytics, we could analyse the spatial variability of hotspots in the study area. ICT based data-driven approach provides a novel solution to thermal monitoring and inform future policies on building regulations to achieve the greater goal of sustainable urban development.","PeriodicalId":159525,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Tenth International Conference on Information and Communication Technologies and Development","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122139736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Using telephonic survey data collected from 11,707 unemployed females in India, the present paper examines the linkage between the digital literacy program and its impact (perceived ICT competence, seeking education and employment opportunities) and role played by the perceived value of the training.
{"title":"Digital literacy training, impact & moderating role of perceived value among unemployed women in India","authors":"Tuheena Mukherjee","doi":"10.1145/3287098.3291932","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3287098.3291932","url":null,"abstract":"Using telephonic survey data collected from 11,707 unemployed females in India, the present paper examines the linkage between the digital literacy program and its impact (perceived ICT competence, seeking education and employment opportunities) and role played by the perceived value of the training.","PeriodicalId":159525,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Tenth International Conference on Information and Communication Technologies and Development","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122726058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Globally, there exits the largest ever youth population, otherwise known as the "youth bulge." Youth populations are especially sizable in developing countries like Kenya, where despite economic growth the challenge of creating job opportunities for this growing population persists. Concurrently, Kenya is experiencing tremendous growth in ICT adoption, most commonly the mobile phone. As mobile phones were quickly diffusing through Kenya, another unique innovation, M-Pesa, was created. M-Pesa is Kenya's leading mobile payment provider, and it has transformed financial services in the country. Using Diffusion of Innovations as a theoretical framework, this study explores M-Pesa adoption and use by Kenyan entrepreneurs. This study utilized semi-structured interviews with 28 young entrepreneurs in order to understand how the perceived attributes of M-Pesa influence adoption and continued usage.
{"title":"M-Pesa adoption and usage: a qualitative study of young Kenyan entrepreneurs","authors":"Jenna Grzeslo","doi":"10.1145/3287098.3287127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3287098.3287127","url":null,"abstract":"Globally, there exits the largest ever youth population, otherwise known as the \"youth bulge.\" Youth populations are especially sizable in developing countries like Kenya, where despite economic growth the challenge of creating job opportunities for this growing population persists. Concurrently, Kenya is experiencing tremendous growth in ICT adoption, most commonly the mobile phone. As mobile phones were quickly diffusing through Kenya, another unique innovation, M-Pesa, was created. M-Pesa is Kenya's leading mobile payment provider, and it has transformed financial services in the country. Using Diffusion of Innovations as a theoretical framework, this study explores M-Pesa adoption and use by Kenyan entrepreneurs. This study utilized semi-structured interviews with 28 young entrepreneurs in order to understand how the perceived attributes of M-Pesa influence adoption and continued usage.","PeriodicalId":159525,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Tenth International Conference on Information and Communication Technologies and Development","volume":"2003 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125778743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Andrew W. Cross, N. Gupta, Brandon Liu, Vineet Nair, Abhishek Kumar, Reena Kuttan, Priyanka Ivatury, Amy Z Chen, K. Lakshman, Rashmi Rodrigues, G. D'Souza, Deepti Chittamuru, R. Rao, K. Rade, Bhavin Vadera, D. Shah, Vinod Choudhary, V. Chadha, A. Shah, S. Kumta, P. Dewan, B. Thomas, W. Thies
Ensuring that patients adhere to prescribed medication remains an important challenge in global health. While technology has been utilized to monitor and improve adherence, solutions to date have been too costly for large-scale deployment in developing regions. This paper describes 99DOTS, a low-cost approach for tracking adherence using a combination of paper packaging and low-end mobile phones. Every day, patients reveal an unpredictable phone number behind the pills and send a free call to that number to indicate that drugs were dispensed and taken. Within five years of its inception, 99DOTS has become a standard of care for tuberculosis in India and has enrolled over 200,000 patients. We provide a holistic account of the project's evolution, including its iterative design, scaled implementation, and lessons learned along the way. We hope this account will serve as a useful case study for anyone seeking to establish and scale new low-cost technologies for a global audience.
{"title":"99DOTS: a low-cost approach to monitoring and improving medication adherence","authors":"Andrew W. Cross, N. Gupta, Brandon Liu, Vineet Nair, Abhishek Kumar, Reena Kuttan, Priyanka Ivatury, Amy Z Chen, K. Lakshman, Rashmi Rodrigues, G. D'Souza, Deepti Chittamuru, R. Rao, K. Rade, Bhavin Vadera, D. Shah, Vinod Choudhary, V. Chadha, A. Shah, S. Kumta, P. Dewan, B. Thomas, W. Thies","doi":"10.1145/3287098.3287102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3287098.3287102","url":null,"abstract":"Ensuring that patients adhere to prescribed medication remains an important challenge in global health. While technology has been utilized to monitor and improve adherence, solutions to date have been too costly for large-scale deployment in developing regions. This paper describes 99DOTS, a low-cost approach for tracking adherence using a combination of paper packaging and low-end mobile phones. Every day, patients reveal an unpredictable phone number behind the pills and send a free call to that number to indicate that drugs were dispensed and taken. Within five years of its inception, 99DOTS has become a standard of care for tuberculosis in India and has enrolled over 200,000 patients. We provide a holistic account of the project's evolution, including its iterative design, scaled implementation, and lessons learned along the way. We hope this account will serve as a useful case study for anyone seeking to establish and scale new low-cost technologies for a global audience.","PeriodicalId":159525,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Tenth International Conference on Information and Communication Technologies and Development","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130364450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Syed Taha Bilal Gilani, Ahmed Shahzad, S. Malik, Rana Abdul Haseeb, Beenish Fatima, Amna Batool
This Research discusses the problems faced by small scale farmers in Nathoke Village, Lahore, Pakistan and propose a solution to alleviate their problems. Research propose to integrate a small-service solution in an application, Meri Zameen already working and helping farmers in the fields in Punjab, Pakistan developed by Pakistan Information Technology Board. Agriculture Agents in Punjab inform farmers about modern techniques of farming and help them in acquiring them through this application and their experience. The research also puts the artiya, beyopari and fellow farmers, in light and shows how they play as a protagonist and antagonist in manipulating the decision making of farmers.
{"title":"Improving financial condition of small scale farmers through mobile based crop suggestion services","authors":"Syed Taha Bilal Gilani, Ahmed Shahzad, S. Malik, Rana Abdul Haseeb, Beenish Fatima, Amna Batool","doi":"10.1145/3287098.3287146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3287098.3287146","url":null,"abstract":"This Research discusses the problems faced by small scale farmers in Nathoke Village, Lahore, Pakistan and propose a solution to alleviate their problems. Research propose to integrate a small-service solution in an application, Meri Zameen already working and helping farmers in the fields in Punjab, Pakistan developed by Pakistan Information Technology Board. Agriculture Agents in Punjab inform farmers about modern techniques of farming and help them in acquiring them through this application and their experience. The research also puts the artiya, beyopari and fellow farmers, in light and shows how they play as a protagonist and antagonist in manipulating the decision making of farmers.","PeriodicalId":159525,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Tenth International Conference on Information and Communication Technologies and Development","volume":"482 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133677180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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