Journal of Human Reproductive Sciences最新文献

Background: Male sterility results from high testicular temperatures, which affect mammalian spermatogenesis. High testicular temperatures affect sperm motility, morphology and fertility according to their magnitude and duration.

Aim: The aim of the current study is to examine the effects of heat-induced oxidative stress and cinnamaldehyde on Wistar rat testicular structure and function.

Settings and design: The rats used in this experiment were Wistar albino rats.

Materials and methods: This research has six animals per group. Male Wistar albino rats of 2.5-3 months old and 275-300 g. (I) control, (II) heat stress (HS) in a closed chamber at 41°C for 14 days and (III) HS with cinnamaldehyde (CA) 50 mg/kg body weight for 14 days. (IV) CA alone. After the study, the animals were euthanised, and test samples were taken for sperm count, morphology, haematoxylin and eosin stain for normal cellular morphology, antioxidants and DNA integrity assessments.

Statistical analysis used: The data were analysed statistically using one- and two-way ANOVA tests for comparisons between groups.

Results: The stress group had significantly lower sperm counts and poor sperm morphology. The stress group's antioxidant capacity is much lower than that of the control group. Animals under stress have fragmented DNA. Treatment with cinnamaldehyde increased overall antioxidant capacity and seminal parameters, and rats behaved most like controls.

Conclusion: CA restores malondialdehyde levels, total antioxidant capacity, sperm characteristics and mitigates testicular damage in rats exposed to experimental HS.

Herlyn-Werner-Wunderlich syndrome in females, also known as obstructed haemivagina and ipsilateral renal agenesis (OHVIRA), and Zinner's syndrome, also known as OSVIRA in males, are two rare congenital syndromes affecting the urogenital tract. OHVIRA is obstructed haemivagina and ipsilateral renal agenesis and OSVIRA abbreviation stands for obstructed seminal vesicle and ipsilateral renal agenesis. For a long, these syndromes were considered different entities, owing to our poor understanding of underlying embryopathogenesis; however, in light of the recent acceptance of the Wolffian origin of the vagina in its entirety, these two syndromes are considered to be cut from the same cloth. In this case series, we present magnetic resonance imaging features of two cases each of OHVIRA and OSVIRA and discuss the similarities in embryopathogenesis behind them while debunking the old concepts. A deep understanding of embryopathogenesis allows a clinician and radiologist to predict the disease manifestation, and its outcome and also acts as a guide to screen for potential subtle defects, which would otherwise have been missed.

Background: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a gynaecological problem affecting women within reproductive age, accompanied by several metabolic anomalies, thus leading to alteration in kidney function and hyperuricaemia. Due to the high prevalence of cardiometabolic factors in PCOS, there is a need to anticipate an increased number of kidney impairments amongst these women.

Objectives: This review aims to investigate the potential link between PCOS, impaired kidney function, and elevated uric acid levels. By elucidating this association, we hope to provide clinicians with a tool to stratify the risk of kidney disease in women diagnosed with PCOS, based on readily available kidney function parameters.

Materials and methods: The recommendations used for the analysis were outlined in the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses 2020 guidelines. Subsequently, eligible studies were identified using several databases (MEDLINE, ProQuest and EBSCOhost) between 1996 and 2022, with a total of 13 studies included. Serum uric acid, serum creatinine, as well as estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) were evaluated as the outcome of interest. Quality assessment for cohort, case-control and cross-sectional studies was conducted utilising the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale, while Review Manager 5.4 was utilised for meta-analysis.

Results: Uric acid was significantly higher in women with PCOS (mean difference [MD] = 0.70, 95% confidence interval [CI] [0.45-0.95], P < 0.00001). Meanwhile, serum creatinine and eGFR were statistically similar in each group (MD = 0.08, 95% CI [-0.05-0.21], P = 0.22 and MD = 3.54, 95% CI [-4.53-11.61], P = 0.39, respectively).

Interpretation: This review showed that PCOS was significantly associated with elevated uric acid. However, no significant difference was found between eGFR and creatinine levels compared to healthy controls. Routine uric acid assessment in PCOS patients is recommended as a simple tool for risk stratification.

Limitations: No body mass index (BMI) subgroup analysis was done due to limited BMI reporting in our included studies. Quantitative analysis of all kidney function parameters was also limited by sparse data on urea and albumin.

Prospero registration number: CRD42023410092 (02 April 2023).

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), a common endocrine disorder, is linked to increased risks of endometrial cancer (EC) and ovarian cancer (OC). Our study utilises bioinformatics analysis to identify shared gene signatures and elucidate biological processes between EC and OC and PCOS.

Aim: The objective of this research is to unveil the common molecular landscape shared by PCOS and EC and OC.

Settings and design: An observational computational bioinformatics analysis.

Materials and methods: Gene expression profiles for PCOS (GSE199225), EC (GSE215413) and OC (GSE174670) were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Hub genes were identified through functional enrichment analysis and protein-protein interaction. Drug identification analyses were employed to find drugs targeting the hub genes.

Results: Key hub genes linking PCOS and EC includes RECQL4, RAD54L, ATR, CHTF18, WDHD1, CDT1, PLK1, PKMYT1, RAD18 and RPL3; for PCOS and OC, they include HMOX1, TXNRD1, NQO1, GCLC, GSTP1, PRDX1, SOD1, GPX3, BOP1 and BYSL. Gene Ontology analysis revealed DNA metabolic process in PCOS and EC, while in PCOS and OC, it identified the removal of superoxide radicals. Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis highlighted cell cycle in PCOS and EC and hepatocellular carcinoma in PCOS and OC. Potential drugs for PCOS and EC include quercetin, calcitriol and testosterone; for PCOS and OC, eugenol and 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene are identified.

Conclusion: These findings offer insights into potential therapeutic targets and pathways linking PCOS with EC and OC, enhancing our understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in these associations.

Hydatidiform mole is a condition characterised by abnormal trophoblastic hyperplasia and failure of embryonic tissue development. The risk of recurrence is seen to be associated with biallelic maternal mutations in NLRP7, KHDC3 L and PAD16 genes. Women with such mutations have a major risk of reproductive failure and normal pregnancy is seen in only 1.8%. We report the case of a 31-year-old woman with previous three molar pregnancies who on genetic testing was found to be compound heterozygous for pathogenic variants in the NLRP7 gene (c.2738A>G and c.2078G>C). Accordingly, the woman was counselled regarding assisted reproduction with oocyte donation for a normal pregnancy outcome. At present, the patient has an ongoing 5-month pregnancy through oocyte donation.