Background The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has extensively affected the public physical and mental health, especially the medical staff working in the COVID-19 wards of hospitals. Objective This study aims to evaluate the relationship between post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), anxiety sensitivity (AS), and resilience among hospital medical staff in Rasht, during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods This is an analytical cross-sectional study. The study population consists of all medical staff working in the COVID-19 wards of Poursina and Razi hospitals in Rasht, Iran. Of these, 94 participated who were selected using a convenience sampling method. Weathers et al.’s post-traumatic stress disorder checklist, Reiss et al.’s AS index, and Connor-Davidson resilience scale were used for data collection. The data were analyzed using Pearson correlation test and multiple linear regression analysis. Results There was a significant negative correlation between PTSD and resilience (r=-0.405, P=0.001). and a significant positive correlation between PTSD and AS (r=0.633, P=0.001). The results of multiple analyses showed that resilience (B=-0.208, P=0.004) and AS (B=0.574, P=0.001) could significantly explain the PTSD in medical staff. Conclusion Resilience can be an important protective factor against PTSD in hospital medical staff during the COVID-19 pandemic. The medial staff with AS may experience the symptoms of PTSD more.
2019冠状病毒病(COVID-19)大流行已广泛影响到公众的身心健康，特别是在医院COVID-19病房工作的医务人员。目的探讨2019冠状病毒病疫情期间拉什特市医院医务人员创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)、焦虑敏感性(AS)与应变能力的关系。方法采用分析性横断面研究。研究人群包括在伊朗拉什特Poursina和Razi医院COVID-19病房工作的所有医务人员。其中94人采用方便抽样法进行调查。采用Weathers et al.的创伤后应激障碍检查表、Reiss et al.的AS指数和Connor-Davidson弹性量表进行数据收集。采用Pearson相关检验和多元线性回归分析。结果创伤后应激障碍与心理弹性存在显著负相关(r = -0.405, P = - 0.001)。PTSD与AS呈显著正相关(r=0.633, P=0.001)。多重分析结果显示，心理弹性(B=-0.208, P=0.004)和心理适应力(B=0.574, P=0.001)能显著解释医务人员PTSD的发生。结论应变能力可能是新冠肺炎大流行期间医院医务人员预防PTSD的重要保护因素。患有阿斯伯格综合症的医务人员可能会更多地经历创伤后应激障碍的症状。
{"title":"Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, Anxiety Sensitivity, and Resilience Among Hospital Medical Staff in Rasht, During the COVID-19 Pandemic","authors":"M. Baradaran, Maedeh Mirzaei Malati, Roghayeh Etemadifar, Samaneh Kouchak Asaadi, Nasrin Parsamehr","doi":"10.32598/jgums.31.3.1673.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/jgums.31.3.1673.3","url":null,"abstract":"Background The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has extensively affected the public physical and mental health, especially the medical staff working in the COVID-19 wards of hospitals. Objective This study aims to evaluate the relationship between post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), anxiety sensitivity (AS), and resilience among hospital medical staff in Rasht, during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods This is an analytical cross-sectional study. The study population consists of all medical staff working in the COVID-19 wards of Poursina and Razi hospitals in Rasht, Iran. Of these, 94 participated who were selected using a convenience sampling method. Weathers et al.’s post-traumatic stress disorder checklist, Reiss et al.’s AS index, and Connor-Davidson resilience scale were used for data collection. The data were analyzed using Pearson correlation test and multiple linear regression analysis. Results There was a significant negative correlation between PTSD and resilience (r=-0.405, P=0.001). and a significant positive correlation between PTSD and AS (r=0.633, P=0.001). The results of multiple analyses showed that resilience (B=-0.208, P=0.004) and AS (B=0.574, P=0.001) could significantly explain the PTSD in medical staff. Conclusion Resilience can be an important protective factor against PTSD in hospital medical staff during the COVID-19 pandemic. The medial staff with AS may experience the symptoms of PTSD more.","PeriodicalId":15994,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences","volume":"116 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80646989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.32598/jgums.31.3.1928.1
Kobra Najafzadeh Mahvizani, Marjan Daeihamed, Gita Alkan Saberi, Z. Hesari
Background Microparticles are one of drug delivery systems designed for sustained and controlled release of drugs for a long period of time. Clotrimazole is a broad-spectrum antifungal agent, which is generally used for treatment of Candida albicans and others fungal infections. Objective The present study aims to fabricate Clotrimazole microparticles using beeswax (lipophilic coating) and polyethylene glycol (hydrophilic coating). Methods In this study, Clotrimazole microparticles by polyethylene glycol (PEG 6000) and beeswax were prepared using spray drying technique. Morphology and size of the microparticles were assessed using optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Particle size analyses were performed using Zetasizer technique. The drug release rate was measured using ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy. To study the interactions between microparticles and carriers, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used. Results Size of the microparticles was below 1000 µm. The microparticles prepared from beeswax and PEG 6000 had quasicrystalline and crystalline morphologies, respectively. The maximum drug release rate in 6 hours was 80.53% in formulation F3 (microparticles prepared by beeswax) and 79.29 in formulation F6 (microparticles prepared by PEG 6000). The FTIR results showed probable interactions between clotrimazole microparticles and beeswax. Conclusion Both beeswax and PEG 6000 polymers result in similar rate of drug release; however, since beeswax has interactions with clotrimazole, PEG 600 formulation seems to be more appropriate for fabrication of clotrimazole microparticles.
{"title":"Fabrication of Clotrimazole Microparticles Using Polyethylene Glycol 6000 and Beeswax","authors":"Kobra Najafzadeh Mahvizani, Marjan Daeihamed, Gita Alkan Saberi, Z. Hesari","doi":"10.32598/jgums.31.3.1928.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/jgums.31.3.1928.1","url":null,"abstract":"Background Microparticles are one of drug delivery systems designed for sustained and controlled release of drugs for a long period of time. Clotrimazole is a broad-spectrum antifungal agent, which is generally used for treatment of Candida albicans and others fungal infections. Objective The present study aims to fabricate Clotrimazole microparticles using beeswax (lipophilic coating) and polyethylene glycol (hydrophilic coating). Methods In this study, Clotrimazole microparticles by polyethylene glycol (PEG 6000) and beeswax were prepared using spray drying technique. Morphology and size of the microparticles were assessed using optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Particle size analyses were performed using Zetasizer technique. The drug release rate was measured using ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy. To study the interactions between microparticles and carriers, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used. Results Size of the microparticles was below 1000 µm. The microparticles prepared from beeswax and PEG 6000 had quasicrystalline and crystalline morphologies, respectively. The maximum drug release rate in 6 hours was 80.53% in formulation F3 (microparticles prepared by beeswax) and 79.29 in formulation F6 (microparticles prepared by PEG 6000). The FTIR results showed probable interactions between clotrimazole microparticles and beeswax. Conclusion Both beeswax and PEG 6000 polymers result in similar rate of drug release; however, since beeswax has interactions with clotrimazole, PEG 600 formulation seems to be more appropriate for fabrication of clotrimazole microparticles.","PeriodicalId":15994,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80726881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.32598/jgums.31.3.2014.2
Amin Umrani, H. Faghihi, Z. Mohammadi, P. Mirzabeigi, Hamed Montazeri Ghods, A. Rastegari
Background Mycophenolate mofetil as an immunosuppressive agent is widely administered in patients with kidney disorders and following organ transplantation. The amounts of xanthan gum and sorbitol, as two excipients of mycophenolate mofetil, are influential on the final quality and stability of the suspension. Objective In this experimental study, we aim to optimize the levels of xanthan gum and sorbitol in the Mycophenolate mofetil powder. Methods A Central composite design was used to prepare the formulations. The amounts of xanthan gum and sorbitol were considered as independent variables while the sedimentation volume (F value) and concentration of active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) after preparation and after 3 months of storage at 45 ͦC were considered as dependent variables. The samples were prepared through wet granulation process. Chromatography analysis and determination of F value and API were then performed. Results Analysis of variance showed that the increase in the amounts of xanthan up to 75 mg provided higher F value and better protection of API after 3 months by 98%, while the increase of sorbitol from 10 to 25 g had no significant effect on these variables. Optimized sample composed of 16.69 g sorbitol and 68.81 mg xanthan gum. Predicted error was desirably less than 5%. Conclusion The proposed formulation of mycophenolate mofetil powder for oral suspension with optimum amounts of xanthan gum and sorbitol has good stability. High level of xanthan gum and moderate level of sorbitol are recommended for preparing an optimal product.
{"title":"Optimization of Xanthan Gum and Sorbitol Levels in the Mycophenolate Mofetil Powder for Oral Suspension","authors":"Amin Umrani, H. Faghihi, Z. Mohammadi, P. Mirzabeigi, Hamed Montazeri Ghods, A. Rastegari","doi":"10.32598/jgums.31.3.2014.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/jgums.31.3.2014.2","url":null,"abstract":"Background Mycophenolate mofetil as an immunosuppressive agent is widely administered in patients with kidney disorders and following organ transplantation. The amounts of xanthan gum and sorbitol, as two excipients of mycophenolate mofetil, are influential on the final quality and stability of the suspension. Objective In this experimental study, we aim to optimize the levels of xanthan gum and sorbitol in the Mycophenolate mofetil powder. Methods A Central composite design was used to prepare the formulations. The amounts of xanthan gum and sorbitol were considered as independent variables while the sedimentation volume (F value) and concentration of active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) after preparation and after 3 months of storage at 45 ͦC were considered as dependent variables. The samples were prepared through wet granulation process. Chromatography analysis and determination of F value and API were then performed. Results Analysis of variance showed that the increase in the amounts of xanthan up to 75 mg provided higher F value and better protection of API after 3 months by 98%, while the increase of sorbitol from 10 to 25 g had no significant effect on these variables. Optimized sample composed of 16.69 g sorbitol and 68.81 mg xanthan gum. Predicted error was desirably less than 5%. Conclusion The proposed formulation of mycophenolate mofetil powder for oral suspension with optimum amounts of xanthan gum and sorbitol has good stability. High level of xanthan gum and moderate level of sorbitol are recommended for preparing an optimal product.","PeriodicalId":15994,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82152932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background Dental abnormalities are considered important, since they cause aesthetic and functional problems for people. Orthodontic treatment becomes more complicated when craniofacial abnormalities are accompanied with dental abnormalities. Objective This study aims to compare the frequency and type of dental abnormalities among patients with different skeletal malocclusion classes in northern Iran in terms of age and gender. Methods Participants were 310 patients (32.9% Class I, 33.9% Class II, and 33.2% Class III). They were evaluated with respect to hypodontia, hyperdontia, impaction, microdontia, macrodontia, and dens invaginatus/evaginatus. Association of the prevalence of dental abnormalities with the type of malocclusion and gender was assessed by chi-square test and Fisher’s exact test, while independent t-test was used to determine its association with age. Results The overall frequency of dental abnormalities was 33%. Class III patients had the highest rate of dental abnormalities (40.8%); however, the difference was not statistically significant (P=0.105). Hypodontia and impacted teeth were the most frequent abnormalities in all malocclusion groups. Occurrence of tooth impaction differed significantly among the three malocclusion groups (P<0.001), where the highest rate belonged to the class III group. Hypodontia was more frequent in males (P=0.040). Tooth impaction and microdontia were the two abnormalities that showed significant association with age (P<0.05). Conclusion Dental abnormalities in northern Iran is more prevalent among people with the skeletal class III malocclusion. The prevalence of some dental abnormalities is associated with gender and age.
{"title":"Prevalence and Type of Dental Abnormalities Among Patients With Different Skeletal Malocclusion Classes in Northern Iran","authors":"Negar Khosravifard, F. Gholinia, Farzaneh Ostovarrad, Zahra Dalili Kajan, Hamideh Mohammadi, Parmida Farzam","doi":"10.32598/jgums.31.3.1942.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/jgums.31.3.1942.1","url":null,"abstract":"Background Dental abnormalities are considered important, since they cause aesthetic and functional problems for people. Orthodontic treatment becomes more complicated when craniofacial abnormalities are accompanied with dental abnormalities. Objective This study aims to compare the frequency and type of dental abnormalities among patients with different skeletal malocclusion classes in northern Iran in terms of age and gender. Methods Participants were 310 patients (32.9% Class I, 33.9% Class II, and 33.2% Class III). They were evaluated with respect to hypodontia, hyperdontia, impaction, microdontia, macrodontia, and dens invaginatus/evaginatus. Association of the prevalence of dental abnormalities with the type of malocclusion and gender was assessed by chi-square test and Fisher’s exact test, while independent t-test was used to determine its association with age. Results The overall frequency of dental abnormalities was 33%. Class III patients had the highest rate of dental abnormalities (40.8%); however, the difference was not statistically significant (P=0.105). Hypodontia and impacted teeth were the most frequent abnormalities in all malocclusion groups. Occurrence of tooth impaction differed significantly among the three malocclusion groups (P<0.001), where the highest rate belonged to the class III group. Hypodontia was more frequent in males (P=0.040). Tooth impaction and microdontia were the two abnormalities that showed significant association with age (P<0.05). Conclusion Dental abnormalities in northern Iran is more prevalent among people with the skeletal class III malocclusion. The prevalence of some dental abnormalities is associated with gender and age.","PeriodicalId":15994,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences","volume":"66 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80453905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.32598/jgums.31.3.1813.1
H. Hashemian, Fina Sanati
Background Pneumonia is one of the severe infections in children, and empyema is one of its essential complications which causes more risk in affected children. Therefore, its early diagnosis is of great importance. Objective This study aims to compare the value of two inflammatory markers including mean platelet volume (MPV) and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in children with pneumonia associated with and without pleural empyema. Methods This study was conducted on the data of 128 children aged 3 months to 14 years with bacterial pneumonia associated with pleural empyema and 128 children without pleural empyema. The MPV and NLR values and the patients’ demographic and clinical characteristics were analyzed in SPSS software version 18 software. The confidence interval for the area under the ROC curve was calculated using binomial exact method. The significance level was set at 0.05. Results Of 256 children, 42.2% were girls, and most of children had ages <3 years (35.2%). Children with empyema had significantly higher NLR, platelet count, and MPV than children without empyema (P=0.040, 0.005, and 0.021, respectively). The MPV (P=0.020) and NLR (P=0.039) were significant predictors of empyema. Conclusion The use of NLR and MPV may be useful in the early diagnosis of empyema in children with pneumonia.
{"title":"Comparing the Mean Platelet Volume and the Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio in Children With Bacterial Pneumonia Associated With or Without Pleural Empyema","authors":"H. Hashemian, Fina Sanati","doi":"10.32598/jgums.31.3.1813.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/jgums.31.3.1813.1","url":null,"abstract":"Background Pneumonia is one of the severe infections in children, and empyema is one of its essential complications which causes more risk in affected children. Therefore, its early diagnosis is of great importance. Objective This study aims to compare the value of two inflammatory markers including mean platelet volume (MPV) and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in children with pneumonia associated with and without pleural empyema. Methods This study was conducted on the data of 128 children aged 3 months to 14 years with bacterial pneumonia associated with pleural empyema and 128 children without pleural empyema. The MPV and NLR values and the patients’ demographic and clinical characteristics were analyzed in SPSS software version 18 software. The confidence interval for the area under the ROC curve was calculated using binomial exact method. The significance level was set at 0.05. Results Of 256 children, 42.2% were girls, and most of children had ages <3 years (35.2%). Children with empyema had significantly higher NLR, platelet count, and MPV than children without empyema (P=0.040, 0.005, and 0.021, respectively). The MPV (P=0.020) and NLR (P=0.039) were significant predictors of empyema. Conclusion The use of NLR and MPV may be useful in the early diagnosis of empyema in children with pneumonia.","PeriodicalId":15994,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84582928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.32598/jgums.31.3.1748.5
H. A. Balou, F. Joukar, S. Yeganeh, Soheil Hassanipour, M. Naghipour, Massood Baghaee, G. Sadeghi, Golsa Hayadokht, Hossein-Ali Nikbakht, F. Mansour-Ghanaei
Background Cancer is the leading cause of death in the world after cardiovascular disease, and is the third leading cause of death in Iran. Objective This epidemiological study aims to investigate different types of cancers in Sowme’e Sara County, Guilan, Iran. Methods This analytical cross-sectional study is a part of the PERSIAN Guilan cohort study that was conducted on 10520 adult men and women in Sowme’e Sara County. The prevalence rate was determined per 100,000 people. Descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation, frequency, and percentage) were used for describing data. Statistical analyzes were performed in STATA version 13 software. Results In this study, 94 patients with cancer and 98 types of cancer were recorded. Most of patients were female (n=65, 68.4%). The mean age at diagnosis in men and women was 47.61±11.23 and 44.30±7.87 years, respectively (Total=45.58±10.09 years). The most common cancers were breast cancer, brain & central nervous system cancer, and prostate cancer. The minimum age for diagnosis in men and women were 23 and 19 years, respectively,. Conclusion Screening for breast cancer in women and prostate cancer in men living in Sowme’e Sara County should be done which is currently underway using mammography and prostate specific antigen tests.
癌症是世界上仅次于心血管疾病的主要死亡原因，也是伊朗的第三大死亡原因。目的调查伊朗桂兰县索梅埃萨拉县不同类型癌症的流行病学情况。方法本分析性横断面研究是波斯桂兰队列研究的一部分，该研究对索梅埃萨拉县10520名成年男女进行了研究。患病率是每10万人确定的。描述性统计(平均值、标准差、频率和百分比)用于描述数据。采用STATA version 13软件进行统计分析。结果本研究共记录94例肿瘤患者，98种肿瘤类型。多数患者为女性(n=65，占68.4%)。男性和女性的平均诊断年龄分别为47.61±11.23岁和44.30±7.87岁(总年龄为45.58±10.09岁)。最常见的癌症是乳腺癌、脑和中枢神经系统癌症以及前列腺癌。男性和女性的最低诊断年龄分别为23岁和19岁。结论在索美梅萨拉县，应采用乳房x光检查和前列腺特异性抗原检测筛查女性乳腺癌和男性前列腺癌。
{"title":"Epidemiological Study of Different Types of Cancers Among Adults PERSIAN Guilan Cohort Study","authors":"H. A. Balou, F. Joukar, S. Yeganeh, Soheil Hassanipour, M. Naghipour, Massood Baghaee, G. Sadeghi, Golsa Hayadokht, Hossein-Ali Nikbakht, F. Mansour-Ghanaei","doi":"10.32598/jgums.31.3.1748.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/jgums.31.3.1748.5","url":null,"abstract":"Background Cancer is the leading cause of death in the world after cardiovascular disease, and is the third leading cause of death in Iran. Objective This epidemiological study aims to investigate different types of cancers in Sowme’e Sara County, Guilan, Iran. Methods This analytical cross-sectional study is a part of the PERSIAN Guilan cohort study that was conducted on 10520 adult men and women in Sowme’e Sara County. The prevalence rate was determined per 100,000 people. Descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation, frequency, and percentage) were used for describing data. Statistical analyzes were performed in STATA version 13 software. Results In this study, 94 patients with cancer and 98 types of cancer were recorded. Most of patients were female (n=65, 68.4%). The mean age at diagnosis in men and women was 47.61±11.23 and 44.30±7.87 years, respectively (Total=45.58±10.09 years). The most common cancers were breast cancer, brain & central nervous system cancer, and prostate cancer. The minimum age for diagnosis in men and women were 23 and 19 years, respectively,. Conclusion Screening for breast cancer in women and prostate cancer in men living in Sowme’e Sara County should be done which is currently underway using mammography and prostate specific antigen tests.","PeriodicalId":15994,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83290924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-01DOI: 10.32598/jgums.31.3.1947.1
M. Jazaeri, H. Abdolsamadi, S. Khazaie, L. Shahabi
Background According to the possible role of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the incidence of oral lichen planus (OLP) lesions, it seems necessary to evaluate this factor in patients with OLP. Objective The present study aims to investigate the level of VEGF in patients with OLP. Methods In this systematic review and meta-analysis, the search was conducted in online databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus. The data were analyzed in the Stata v. 14 software at a 95% confidence interval (CI) and using a random effect model. The standardized mean difference was used to measure the difference in VEGF level between the two groups of control and OLP. The data heterogeneity was quantified by the I2 index. Results There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of VEGF (SD=0.46, 95% CI: -2.13, -3.05, P=0.730) and the I2 index showed significant heterogeneity among the results of the studies (I2=97.9%). Based on the results of the immunohistochemistry, there was a significant difference in the VEGF level between the two groups (SD=3.30, 95% CI: 6.25, -0.36); however, the difference between the two groups was not statistically significant via the ELISA method (P=0.530). Conclusion The VEGF level in patients with OLP is higher compared to healthy people. Therefore, the serum factors which indicate VEGF should be considered an effective risk factor for OLP.
背景鉴于血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)在口腔扁平苔藓(OLP)病变发生中的可能作用，有必要对OLP患者进行评估。目的探讨OLP患者血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)水平。方法在PubMed、Web of Science和Scopus等在线数据库中进行系统综述和荟萃分析。数据在Stata v. 14软件中以95%置信区间(CI)和随机效应模型进行分析。采用标准化均差法比较对照组与OLP组VEGF水平的差异。数据异质性采用I2指数进行量化。结果两组间VEGF指标差异无统计学意义(SD=0.46, 95% CI: -2.13， -3.05, P=0.730)， I2指标差异有统计学意义(I2=97.9%)。免疫组化结果显示，两组患者VEGF水平差异有统计学意义(SD=3.30, 95% CI: 6.25， -0.36);但经ELISA法比较，两组间差异无统计学意义(P=0.530)。结论OLP患者血管内皮生长因子水平高于健康人。因此，提示VEGF的血清因子应被视为OLP的有效危险因素。
{"title":"Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Level in Patients With Oral Lichen Planus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","authors":"M. Jazaeri, H. Abdolsamadi, S. Khazaie, L. Shahabi","doi":"10.32598/jgums.31.3.1947.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/jgums.31.3.1947.1","url":null,"abstract":"Background According to the possible role of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the incidence of oral lichen planus (OLP) lesions, it seems necessary to evaluate this factor in patients with OLP. Objective The present study aims to investigate the level of VEGF in patients with OLP. Methods In this systematic review and meta-analysis, the search was conducted in online databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus. The data were analyzed in the Stata v. 14 software at a 95% confidence interval (CI) and using a random effect model. The standardized mean difference was used to measure the difference in VEGF level between the two groups of control and OLP. The data heterogeneity was quantified by the I2 index. Results There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of VEGF (SD=0.46, 95% CI: -2.13, -3.05, P=0.730) and the I2 index showed significant heterogeneity among the results of the studies (I2=97.9%). Based on the results of the immunohistochemistry, there was a significant difference in the VEGF level between the two groups (SD=3.30, 95% CI: 6.25, -0.36); however, the difference between the two groups was not statistically significant via the ELISA method (P=0.530). Conclusion The VEGF level in patients with OLP is higher compared to healthy people. Therefore, the serum factors which indicate VEGF should be considered an effective risk factor for OLP.","PeriodicalId":15994,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84457011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-01DOI: 10.32598/jgums.31.3.1846.1
Mohammad Mahdi Bagherpour Tabalvandani, M. F. Fadaei Chafy, A. Elmieh
Background Exercise and physical activity improve damage and destructive changes in the peripheral nervous system. Objective This study aims to investigate the effects of resistance aerobic training on the expression of SEMA3A and NCAM genes and proteins of soleus muscle in male rats of different age groups. Methods A total of 30 male Wistar rats in three groups of 2-week-old (infant) (n=10), 6-week-old (young) (n=10), and 96-week-old (elderly) (n=10) were divided into two groups of training and control. The training program included 6 days of resistance and aerobic training one day in between. The rats were euthanized and the soleus muscle was extracted 48 h after the last training session. A fluorescent microscope was used to measure SEMA3A and NCAM proteins in muscle fibers. Gene expressions were measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results The results showed that SEMA3A gene expression was not significantly different between exercise and control groups in all three age groups; however, SEMA3A protein expression was significantly reduced in infant and young exercise groups (P≤0.001). Also, NCAM gene expression was not significantly different between training and control groups in all three age groups; while there was a significant decrease in NCAM protein expression in young and old training groups compared to the control group (P≤0.001). Conclusion The results showed that resistance aerobic training can inhibit the process of peripheral nerve damage in infant and young rats, as well as the growth and strength of the neuromuscular junction in young and elderly rats.
{"title":"Effects of Resistance Aerobic Training on the Expression of SEMA3A and NCAM Genes and Proteins in the Soleus Muscle of Male Rats in Different Age Groups","authors":"Mohammad Mahdi Bagherpour Tabalvandani, M. F. Fadaei Chafy, A. Elmieh","doi":"10.32598/jgums.31.3.1846.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/jgums.31.3.1846.1","url":null,"abstract":"Background Exercise and physical activity improve damage and destructive changes in the peripheral nervous system. Objective This study aims to investigate the effects of resistance aerobic training on the expression of SEMA3A and NCAM genes and proteins of soleus muscle in male rats of different age groups. Methods A total of 30 male Wistar rats in three groups of 2-week-old (infant) (n=10), 6-week-old (young) (n=10), and 96-week-old (elderly) (n=10) were divided into two groups of training and control. The training program included 6 days of resistance and aerobic training one day in between. The rats were euthanized and the soleus muscle was extracted 48 h after the last training session. A fluorescent microscope was used to measure SEMA3A and NCAM proteins in muscle fibers. Gene expressions were measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results The results showed that SEMA3A gene expression was not significantly different between exercise and control groups in all three age groups; however, SEMA3A protein expression was significantly reduced in infant and young exercise groups (P≤0.001). Also, NCAM gene expression was not significantly different between training and control groups in all three age groups; while there was a significant decrease in NCAM protein expression in young and old training groups compared to the control group (P≤0.001). Conclusion The results showed that resistance aerobic training can inhibit the process of peripheral nerve damage in infant and young rats, as well as the growth and strength of the neuromuscular junction in young and elderly rats.","PeriodicalId":15994,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86480991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a safe and practical treatment method for patients with severe, refractory, or emergency psychiatric disorders. However, ECT is often associated with hemodynamic fluctuations. Objective This study aims to investigate the patterns of hemodynamic changes in patients undergoing ECT. Methods This longitudinal study was conducted in Shafa Hospital, a referral and academic center in Rasht City, Iran, in 2020. The hemodynamic parameters, including heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were recorded before the induction of anesthesia (T0), 1 min after the induction of anesthesia (T1), 1 min after the seizure (T2), and 15 min after the wakefulness (T3). The trend of changes of these parameters was compared in the above-mentioned time intervals. Results The data from 126 patients were analyzed. Most of the cases were diagnosed with a psychotic disorder of schizophrenia (59.5%) and a minority had major depression (14.3%). Meanwhile, 15.9% of the patients suffered from comorbidities. In terms of SBP, DBP, and MAP, the trend of changes was significant (P=0.0001) at four measurement point times, but this was not true for HR (P=0.74). However, all changes in the hemodynamic parameters were kept in the normal range. Conclusion Our study showed that despite the fluctuations in the hemodynamic parameters during ECT, patient management was acceptable as a result of the teamwork and appropriate interaction of psychiatric and anesthesia teams.
背景电休克治疗(ECT)是一种安全实用的治疗方法，适用于严重、难治性或紧急精神疾病患者。然而，ECT常与血流动力学波动有关。目的探讨电痉挛患者的血流动力学变化规律。方法本纵向研究于2020年在伊朗拉什特市的转诊和学术中心沙法医院进行。记录麻醉诱导前(T0)、麻醉诱导后1 min (T1)、癫痫发作后1 min (T2)、清醒后15 min (T3)的血流动力学参数，包括心率(HR)、收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)、平均动脉压(MAP)。比较了这些参数在上述时间区间内的变化趋势。结果对126例患者的资料进行分析。大多数病例被诊断为精神分裂症的精神障碍(59.5%)，少数患有重度抑郁症(14.3%)。同时，15.9%的患者存在合并症。收缩压、舒张压和MAP在4个测量点的变化趋势显著(P=0.0001)，但HR的变化趋势不明显(P=0.74)。血流动力学参数的变化均在正常范围内。结论我们的研究表明，尽管电痉挛治疗过程中血流动力学参数有波动，但由于精神科和麻醉团队的合作和适当的互动，患者的管理是可以接受的。
{"title":"Hemodynamic Status in Electroconvulsive Therapy Patients","authors":"R. Soleimani, Samaneh Ghazanfar Tehran, Habib Eslami Kenarsari, Batul Montazery, Samin Khoshnoud Speily, Samira Mirzababaei, Fatemeh Baghernezhad, Ebrahim Haddad Komleh, Gelareh Biazar, Sahar Erabi","doi":"10.32598/jgums.31.3.1329.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/jgums.31.3.1329.4","url":null,"abstract":"Background Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a safe and practical treatment method for patients with severe, refractory, or emergency psychiatric disorders. However, ECT is often associated with hemodynamic fluctuations. Objective This study aims to investigate the patterns of hemodynamic changes in patients undergoing ECT. Methods This longitudinal study was conducted in Shafa Hospital, a referral and academic center in Rasht City, Iran, in 2020. The hemodynamic parameters, including heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were recorded before the induction of anesthesia (T0), 1 min after the induction of anesthesia (T1), 1 min after the seizure (T2), and 15 min after the wakefulness (T3). The trend of changes of these parameters was compared in the above-mentioned time intervals. Results The data from 126 patients were analyzed. Most of the cases were diagnosed with a psychotic disorder of schizophrenia (59.5%) and a minority had major depression (14.3%). Meanwhile, 15.9% of the patients suffered from comorbidities. In terms of SBP, DBP, and MAP, the trend of changes was significant (P=0.0001) at four measurement point times, but this was not true for HR (P=0.74). However, all changes in the hemodynamic parameters were kept in the normal range. Conclusion Our study showed that despite the fluctuations in the hemodynamic parameters during ECT, patient management was acceptable as a result of the teamwork and appropriate interaction of psychiatric and anesthesia teams.","PeriodicalId":15994,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89706557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is one of the most valuable imaging techniques in the evaluation of macula. The repeatability and reproducibility of OCT are of crucial importance in reassuring this tool’s efficacy in evaluating the structure of the retina. Objective This study aims to investigate the repeatability and reproducibility of OCT in measuring the macular thickness in normal eyes before and after pupil dilation. Methods A total of 44 eyes of healthy individuals in the age range of 20 to 50 years were employed for the measurement of macular thickness in the central 6 mm using the Cirrus SD-OCT tool. Results According to ICC, the repeatability of macular thickness was 0.95 (95% CI, 0.95 - 0.96). The mean macular thickness before and after pupil dilation was statistically significant in the nasal quadrant of the outer 6 mm ring (N2) and the inferior quadrant of the outer 6 mm ring (I2) (P=0.0001). The highest repeatability before and after pupil dilation was seen in the nasal quadrant of the inner 3 mm ring (N1) and the central ring (C), respectively. Conclusion This study shows that measuring the macular thickness using the Spectral domain cirrus OCT (SD-OCT) has acceptable repeatability and reproducibility. Since the absolute value of the mean difference between the three measurements in the N2 and I2 regions was statistically significant, using a single method (i.e., whether to apply the eye drop) is preferable for follow-ups in cases where the measurements are needed within 3 to 6 mm in center of the macula.
{"title":"Repeatability and Reproducibility of Macular Thickness Measurements Using Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) in Normal Eyes Before and After Pupil Dilation","authors":"Yousef Alizadeh, Maryam Dourandeesh, Hassan Behboudi, S. Kianmehr, Ehsan Kazemnezhad Leyli, Nooshin Nimasa","doi":"10.32598/jgums.31.3.1911.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/jgums.31.3.1911.1","url":null,"abstract":"Background Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is one of the most valuable imaging techniques in the evaluation of macula. The repeatability and reproducibility of OCT are of crucial importance in reassuring this tool’s efficacy in evaluating the structure of the retina. Objective This study aims to investigate the repeatability and reproducibility of OCT in measuring the macular thickness in normal eyes before and after pupil dilation. Methods A total of 44 eyes of healthy individuals in the age range of 20 to 50 years were employed for the measurement of macular thickness in the central 6 mm using the Cirrus SD-OCT tool. Results According to ICC, the repeatability of macular thickness was 0.95 (95% CI, 0.95 - 0.96). The mean macular thickness before and after pupil dilation was statistically significant in the nasal quadrant of the outer 6 mm ring (N2) and the inferior quadrant of the outer 6 mm ring (I2) (P=0.0001). The highest repeatability before and after pupil dilation was seen in the nasal quadrant of the inner 3 mm ring (N1) and the central ring (C), respectively. Conclusion This study shows that measuring the macular thickness using the Spectral domain cirrus OCT (SD-OCT) has acceptable repeatability and reproducibility. Since the absolute value of the mean difference between the three measurements in the N2 and I2 regions was statistically significant, using a single method (i.e., whether to apply the eye drop) is preferable for follow-ups in cases where the measurements are needed within 3 to 6 mm in center of the macula.","PeriodicalId":15994,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences","volume":"164 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74317891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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