Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.4103/iahs.iahs_148_22
H. Kassiri, S. Najafi
Aims: The aim of this study was to determine the fauna and bioecology of sandflies in Khorramshahr County, southwest of Iran, where cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is endemic. Materials and Methods: Sandflies were caught indoors and outdoors by sticky paper traps in different areas. Sandflies were removed by needle and put in acetone and then transferred and preserved in 70% ethanol. In the laboratory, they were mounted in the Puri's medium and identified using identification key. The species richness, relative abundance, monthly prevalence, gender, and abdominal situation of sandflies in indoor and outdoor resting places were determined. Results: A total of 7172 sandflies representing 11 species were collected in 11 areas. Almost 29.9% of sandflies were collected from indoor places and 70.1% from outdoor places. About 60.8% of the specimens were Phlebotomus species while 39.2% were Sergentomyia. Phlebotomus papatasi and Sergentomyia sintoni were the most common species among Phlebotomus and Sergentomyia genera, respectively. The highest sex ratio was 1100 for Sergentomyia theodori. In total, 53.7% of sandflies were male and 46.3% were female. The majority of captured sandflies collected from indoor and outdoor places had an unfed stomach. The sandflies were more active in June and September. Conclusion: More detailed studies on leptomonad infection of the suspected vectors and amastigote infection of the potential reservoirs of the CL are recommended to detect the epidemiological characteristics of the disease in this county.
{"title":"Bioecology of sandflies (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae) in Khorramshahr County, the endemic focus of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis in Khuzestan Province, Iran (2017–2018)","authors":"H. Kassiri, S. Najafi","doi":"10.4103/iahs.iahs_148_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/iahs.iahs_148_22","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: The aim of this study was to determine the fauna and bioecology of sandflies in Khorramshahr County, southwest of Iran, where cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is endemic. Materials and Methods: Sandflies were caught indoors and outdoors by sticky paper traps in different areas. Sandflies were removed by needle and put in acetone and then transferred and preserved in 70% ethanol. In the laboratory, they were mounted in the Puri's medium and identified using identification key. The species richness, relative abundance, monthly prevalence, gender, and abdominal situation of sandflies in indoor and outdoor resting places were determined. Results: A total of 7172 sandflies representing 11 species were collected in 11 areas. Almost 29.9% of sandflies were collected from indoor places and 70.1% from outdoor places. About 60.8% of the specimens were Phlebotomus species while 39.2% were Sergentomyia. Phlebotomus papatasi and Sergentomyia sintoni were the most common species among Phlebotomus and Sergentomyia genera, respectively. The highest sex ratio was 1100 for Sergentomyia theodori. In total, 53.7% of sandflies were male and 46.3% were female. The majority of captured sandflies collected from indoor and outdoor places had an unfed stomach. The sandflies were more active in June and September. Conclusion: More detailed studies on leptomonad infection of the suspected vectors and amastigote infection of the potential reservoirs of the CL are recommended to detect the epidemiological characteristics of the disease in this county.","PeriodicalId":160562,"journal":{"name":"International Archives of Health Sciences","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132051372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.4103/iahs.iahs_118_22
F. Moghaddas, Fatemeh Assarian, A. Ahmadvand, H. Rahimi, Saeid Ramezani
Aims: Internet gaming disorder (IGD) is an increasingly concerning mental health problem which has the highest prevalence among adolescents. In the DSM-5, a diagnostic criteria are proposed for this disorder for the first time, and it is placed in the position of a potential behavioral addiction. No standard treatment for the disorder has been identified yet. The acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) is shown to be effective in some behavioral addictions in different age groups. Given the high association between IGD and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), we assessed the effect of ACT on the severity of IGD comorbid with ADHD in adolescents. Materials and Methods: Twenty adolescents aged 12–18 years with IGD comorbid with medically-controlled ADHD underwent ACT weekly for 8 weeks. For each individual, two separate questionnaires for IGD and ADHD were filled out, once at the beginning, and once at the end of treatment. The results before and after treatment were compared together. Results: The mean scores of the IGD questionnaire before and after the intervention were 37.25 and 30.30, respectively, and the mean difference was statistically significant (P < 0.001). The mean score of ADHD index and its three subscales were under the diagnostic cut-point of the disorder before and after the treatment. However, the mean score of ADHD index, hyperactivity, inattention, and oppositional behavior decreased by 1.80 (P = 0.0013), 1.45 (P = 0.114), 1.90 (P = 0.027), and 2.05 (P = 0.023), respectively. Conclusion: The results showed a significant effect by the ACT on reducing the severity of IGD in adolescents with underlying medically controlled ADHD.
{"title":"Treatment outcomes of acceptance and commitment therapy on severity of internet gaming disorder comorbid with ADHD in adolescents","authors":"F. Moghaddas, Fatemeh Assarian, A. Ahmadvand, H. Rahimi, Saeid Ramezani","doi":"10.4103/iahs.iahs_118_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/iahs.iahs_118_22","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: Internet gaming disorder (IGD) is an increasingly concerning mental health problem which has the highest prevalence among adolescents. In the DSM-5, a diagnostic criteria are proposed for this disorder for the first time, and it is placed in the position of a potential behavioral addiction. No standard treatment for the disorder has been identified yet. The acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) is shown to be effective in some behavioral addictions in different age groups. Given the high association between IGD and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), we assessed the effect of ACT on the severity of IGD comorbid with ADHD in adolescents. Materials and Methods: Twenty adolescents aged 12–18 years with IGD comorbid with medically-controlled ADHD underwent ACT weekly for 8 weeks. For each individual, two separate questionnaires for IGD and ADHD were filled out, once at the beginning, and once at the end of treatment. The results before and after treatment were compared together. Results: The mean scores of the IGD questionnaire before and after the intervention were 37.25 and 30.30, respectively, and the mean difference was statistically significant (P < 0.001). The mean score of ADHD index and its three subscales were under the diagnostic cut-point of the disorder before and after the treatment. However, the mean score of ADHD index, hyperactivity, inattention, and oppositional behavior decreased by 1.80 (P = 0.0013), 1.45 (P = 0.114), 1.90 (P = 0.027), and 2.05 (P = 0.023), respectively. Conclusion: The results showed a significant effect by the ACT on reducing the severity of IGD in adolescents with underlying medically controlled ADHD.","PeriodicalId":160562,"journal":{"name":"International Archives of Health Sciences","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128503928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Al-Wardha Zahoor, Zainab Khan, Amna Khan, Naveed Qamar, S. Farooqui, R. Allana
Aims: During the pandemic of COVID-19, the sudden change in traditional health-care providing systems, clinicians experience some positive and negative aspects of the approach. This study evaluates the clinician's satisfaction and experience with the use of teleconsultation provided during the pandemic of novel coronavirus and their willingness to continue telehealth after the pandemic. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted online during the peak pandemic of COVID-19 in Pakistan through Google Forms questionnaire from 115 health consultants on different disciplines and recruited through social media. The questionnaire contains 15 questions regarding clinician's satisfaction, quality of treatment, and intention to continue providing telehealth services after the pandemic. Descriptive and inferential statistics were obtained by analyzing the data using SPSS software version 20, USA. Results: One hundred and fifteen consultants, 28 males and 87 females participated in the study, in which 62% were found to have an average and 34% at a high level of satisfaction. The Kruskal–Wallis test showed a significant difference among different medical specialists in the continuation of telehealth services after the pandemic of COVID-19 (P = 0.003) and its recommendation to friends and family (P = 0.02) with high mean rank in endocrinologist and dermatologist. Conclusions: A great number of participants reported a good response for the continuation in telemedicine services in their daily routine even after the pandemic situation. However, there is an urgent need to find the solution for the difficulties and drawbacks faced by health-care providers.
{"title":"Clinician satisfaction and experience using teleconsultation during the COVID-19 pandemic in Pakistan: A cross-sectional study","authors":"Al-Wardha Zahoor, Zainab Khan, Amna Khan, Naveed Qamar, S. Farooqui, R. Allana","doi":"10.4103/iahs.iahs_4_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/iahs.iahs_4_22","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: During the pandemic of COVID-19, the sudden change in traditional health-care providing systems, clinicians experience some positive and negative aspects of the approach. This study evaluates the clinician's satisfaction and experience with the use of teleconsultation provided during the pandemic of novel coronavirus and their willingness to continue telehealth after the pandemic. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted online during the peak pandemic of COVID-19 in Pakistan through Google Forms questionnaire from 115 health consultants on different disciplines and recruited through social media. The questionnaire contains 15 questions regarding clinician's satisfaction, quality of treatment, and intention to continue providing telehealth services after the pandemic. Descriptive and inferential statistics were obtained by analyzing the data using SPSS software version 20, USA. Results: One hundred and fifteen consultants, 28 males and 87 females participated in the study, in which 62% were found to have an average and 34% at a high level of satisfaction. The Kruskal–Wallis test showed a significant difference among different medical specialists in the continuation of telehealth services after the pandemic of COVID-19 (P = 0.003) and its recommendation to friends and family (P = 0.02) with high mean rank in endocrinologist and dermatologist. Conclusions: A great number of participants reported a good response for the continuation in telemedicine services in their daily routine even after the pandemic situation. However, there is an urgent need to find the solution for the difficulties and drawbacks faced by health-care providers.","PeriodicalId":160562,"journal":{"name":"International Archives of Health Sciences","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128234251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Narjes Sayyadi-Rahaghi, Hamidreza Banafsheh, R. Abbasi, F. Jeddi, Ehsan Nabovati
Aims: This study aimed to determine the effect of E-learning on the understanding of appropriate antibiotic prescribing (AAP) by medical students and to assess their satisfaction with this method. Materials and Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted among the physiopathology students of Kashan University of Medical Sciences in the first and second semesters of 2020–2021. Students were divided into E-learning education as an intervention group (IG) and face-to-face education as a control group (CG). After the final examination, the mean scores of students in both groups were compared. In addition, the level of students' satisfaction in the IG with E-learning method was assessed using a standard questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS 22. Results: We included 85 and 47 students in the CG and IG. The mean and standard deviation (SD) of the understanding score about antibiotics in the E-learning group and the face-to-face education group were 18.8 ± 1.26 and 17.16 ± 1.93 out of 19, respectively, which were statistically significantly different (P = 0.004). The mean and SD of the overall score of satisfaction of the students in the IG was 85.48 ± 23.08 out of 130 points (medium level). Furthermore, the level of satisfaction of male students was significantly higher than female students (P = 0.009). Conclusion: E-learning was effective in improving the process of educating students to the AAP. This education method can be used as an alternative or complementary of face-to-face education, especially in critical conditions such as the pandemic of diseases including COVID-19.
{"title":"Effect of E-Learning on appropriate antibiotic prescribing by medical students: A quasi-experimental study during COVID-19 pandemic","authors":"Narjes Sayyadi-Rahaghi, Hamidreza Banafsheh, R. Abbasi, F. Jeddi, Ehsan Nabovati","doi":"10.4103/iahs.iahs_69_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/iahs.iahs_69_22","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: This study aimed to determine the effect of E-learning on the understanding of appropriate antibiotic prescribing (AAP) by medical students and to assess their satisfaction with this method. Materials and Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted among the physiopathology students of Kashan University of Medical Sciences in the first and second semesters of 2020–2021. Students were divided into E-learning education as an intervention group (IG) and face-to-face education as a control group (CG). After the final examination, the mean scores of students in both groups were compared. In addition, the level of students' satisfaction in the IG with E-learning method was assessed using a standard questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS 22. Results: We included 85 and 47 students in the CG and IG. The mean and standard deviation (SD) of the understanding score about antibiotics in the E-learning group and the face-to-face education group were 18.8 ± 1.26 and 17.16 ± 1.93 out of 19, respectively, which were statistically significantly different (P = 0.004). The mean and SD of the overall score of satisfaction of the students in the IG was 85.48 ± 23.08 out of 130 points (medium level). Furthermore, the level of satisfaction of male students was significantly higher than female students (P = 0.009). Conclusion: E-learning was effective in improving the process of educating students to the AAP. This education method can be used as an alternative or complementary of face-to-face education, especially in critical conditions such as the pandemic of diseases including COVID-19.","PeriodicalId":160562,"journal":{"name":"International Archives of Health Sciences","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124446214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.4103/iahs.iahs_197_21
M. Afshar, Z. Sadat, Leila Shokrollahi, Elaheh Mianehsaz
Aims: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of Swedish massage combined with exercise therapy on nonspecific low back pain (NSLBP) in older adults. Materials and Methods: This randomized controlled clinical trial was carried out on 70 elderly people with NSLBP. Participants were assigned randomly to the intervention and control groups. The interventional group was treated using Swedish massage combined with exercise therapy, while the control group was treated using exercise therapy alone. The Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and the Quebec Back Pain Disability Scale (QBPDS) were used to determine the severity of low back pain (LBP) and the LBP disability, respectively. All participants were completed LBP and QBPDS scales for three times (at the beginning and the end of the intervention as well as 4 weeks after completion of the intervention). Results: It was seen that the participants in the intervention and control groups were similar in baseline scores of VAS and QBPDS. Using repeated measures analysis of variance, the comparison of the mean scores of both the scales in the two groups indicated that the scores decreased significantly (P < 0.05) in the intervention group compared to the control group at the second and the third measurements. Conclusion: The findings indicated that the Swedish massage combined with exercise therapy could be more effective for reducing LBP and back pain disability compared to exercise therapy alone. Further studies are needed to reach more evidence.
{"title":"The effect of swedish massage combined with exercise therapy on nonspecific low back pain in the elderly: A randomized controlled clinical trial","authors":"M. Afshar, Z. Sadat, Leila Shokrollahi, Elaheh Mianehsaz","doi":"10.4103/iahs.iahs_197_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/iahs.iahs_197_21","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of Swedish massage combined with exercise therapy on nonspecific low back pain (NSLBP) in older adults. Materials and Methods: This randomized controlled clinical trial was carried out on 70 elderly people with NSLBP. Participants were assigned randomly to the intervention and control groups. The interventional group was treated using Swedish massage combined with exercise therapy, while the control group was treated using exercise therapy alone. The Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and the Quebec Back Pain Disability Scale (QBPDS) were used to determine the severity of low back pain (LBP) and the LBP disability, respectively. All participants were completed LBP and QBPDS scales for three times (at the beginning and the end of the intervention as well as 4 weeks after completion of the intervention). Results: It was seen that the participants in the intervention and control groups were similar in baseline scores of VAS and QBPDS. Using repeated measures analysis of variance, the comparison of the mean scores of both the scales in the two groups indicated that the scores decreased significantly (P < 0.05) in the intervention group compared to the control group at the second and the third measurements. Conclusion: The findings indicated that the Swedish massage combined with exercise therapy could be more effective for reducing LBP and back pain disability compared to exercise therapy alone. Further studies are needed to reach more evidence.","PeriodicalId":160562,"journal":{"name":"International Archives of Health Sciences","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127847688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-01DOI: 10.4103/iahs.iahs_106_22
S. Mitra, Sushanta Bhanja, Dafodil Ghatak, S. Roy, Jiban De
Aims: In the backdrop of the huge and increasing burden of noncommunicable diseases (NCD) and unaddressed needs among the marginalized population, the study was conducted for risk assessment of NCD among commercial sex workers (CSWs) and to find out the detrimental effects of its associates. Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted for 6 months (July–December 2021) among 440 Kolkata-based CSWs, females and males, and intermediaries attending clinics run by the nongovernment organization providing outpatient department-based services inside the area. With systematic random sampling, every 3rd patient was interviewed with pretested questionnaire comprising sociodemographics, Community-Based Assessment Checklist for risk assessment of NCDs, and anthropometric measurement was done. The proportion was done for prevalence estimation, with SPSS Amos 26.0, structural equation modeling was done for testing the relation between high Community-Based Assessment Checklist score and risk factors. Results: Majority 411 (93.4%) of the study participants were female sex workers and 14 were men having sex with men (MSMs). Age of the female participants was 39.08 ± 5.02 years. More than two-third are smokers, and more than one-third are alcoholics on regular basis. For NCDs, a score ≥4 was found among 302 (68.6%) of participants, and a significant association (P < 0.05) was found with tobacco use, alcohol consumption, higher body mass index, and physical inactivity. Structural equation also shows a positive relationship with NCD risk factors. Conclusion: CSWs in Kolkata have a high prevalence of NCD risk with a significant association of lifestyle factors. More intensive screening and regular treatment are needed to lower premature mortality and morbidity among them.
{"title":"Risk assessment of noncommunicable diseases among commercial sex workers of a metropolitan city of India","authors":"S. Mitra, Sushanta Bhanja, Dafodil Ghatak, S. Roy, Jiban De","doi":"10.4103/iahs.iahs_106_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/iahs.iahs_106_22","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: In the backdrop of the huge and increasing burden of noncommunicable diseases (NCD) and unaddressed needs among the marginalized population, the study was conducted for risk assessment of NCD among commercial sex workers (CSWs) and to find out the detrimental effects of its associates. Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted for 6 months (July–December 2021) among 440 Kolkata-based CSWs, females and males, and intermediaries attending clinics run by the nongovernment organization providing outpatient department-based services inside the area. With systematic random sampling, every 3rd patient was interviewed with pretested questionnaire comprising sociodemographics, Community-Based Assessment Checklist for risk assessment of NCDs, and anthropometric measurement was done. The proportion was done for prevalence estimation, with SPSS Amos 26.0, structural equation modeling was done for testing the relation between high Community-Based Assessment Checklist score and risk factors. Results: Majority 411 (93.4%) of the study participants were female sex workers and 14 were men having sex with men (MSMs). Age of the female participants was 39.08 ± 5.02 years. More than two-third are smokers, and more than one-third are alcoholics on regular basis. For NCDs, a score ≥4 was found among 302 (68.6%) of participants, and a significant association (P < 0.05) was found with tobacco use, alcohol consumption, higher body mass index, and physical inactivity. Structural equation also shows a positive relationship with NCD risk factors. Conclusion: CSWs in Kolkata have a high prevalence of NCD risk with a significant association of lifestyle factors. More intensive screening and regular treatment are needed to lower premature mortality and morbidity among them.","PeriodicalId":160562,"journal":{"name":"International Archives of Health Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134262026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Talari, Elham Jalilizadeh, M. Najafizadeh, J. Azadbakht, M. Sayyah, S. Tabatabaei
Aims: This study aims to investigate the relationship between diabetes mellitus (DM) or hypertension and the distribution and severity of pulmonary involvement and short-term clinical outcome in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia. Materials and Methods: In this case–control study, a group of patients with DM and COVID-19 pneumonia are compared to a group without DM. Demographic information, history of diabetes, hypertension, renal disease, tobacco use, laboratory data, current blood pressure, and chest computed tomography (CT) scan of all patients were extracted. The patients' laboratory tests were performed on the same day that the chest CT scan was performed. The data were analyzed using appropriate statistical tests. Findings: The results show that gender, age, smoking, and history of kidney disease were not significantly associated with the history of diabetes and hypertension (P > 0.05). Furthermore, the history of diabetes and hypertension had no significant relationship with the distribution and severity of pulmonary involvement and short-term clinical outcome (P > 0.05). However, among the laboratory findings, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate were significantly associated with a history of diabetes and blood urea nitrogen values were associated with a history of hypertension (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study, it can be concluded that the history of diabetes and hypertension has no significant relationship with the distribution and severity of pulmonary involvement and short-term clinical outcome.
{"title":"Investigation of the relationship between diabetes mellitus or hypertension and the chest computed tomography scan and short-term clinical outcome in Coronavirus Disease 2019 pneumonia","authors":"H. Talari, Elham Jalilizadeh, M. Najafizadeh, J. Azadbakht, M. Sayyah, S. Tabatabaei","doi":"10.4103/iahs.iahs_55_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/iahs.iahs_55_22","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: This study aims to investigate the relationship between diabetes mellitus (DM) or hypertension and the distribution and severity of pulmonary involvement and short-term clinical outcome in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia. Materials and Methods: In this case–control study, a group of patients with DM and COVID-19 pneumonia are compared to a group without DM. Demographic information, history of diabetes, hypertension, renal disease, tobacco use, laboratory data, current blood pressure, and chest computed tomography (CT) scan of all patients were extracted. The patients' laboratory tests were performed on the same day that the chest CT scan was performed. The data were analyzed using appropriate statistical tests. Findings: The results show that gender, age, smoking, and history of kidney disease were not significantly associated with the history of diabetes and hypertension (P > 0.05). Furthermore, the history of diabetes and hypertension had no significant relationship with the distribution and severity of pulmonary involvement and short-term clinical outcome (P > 0.05). However, among the laboratory findings, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate were significantly associated with a history of diabetes and blood urea nitrogen values were associated with a history of hypertension (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study, it can be concluded that the history of diabetes and hypertension has no significant relationship with the distribution and severity of pulmonary involvement and short-term clinical outcome.","PeriodicalId":160562,"journal":{"name":"International Archives of Health Sciences","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125261560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-01DOI: 10.4103/iahs.iahs_123_22
Z. Sooki, Z. Tagharrobi, K. Sharifi
Aim: The present study aimed to determine the level of mothers' comfort in sexual discourse (MCSD) with adolescent girls and related factors. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted with cluster sampling (and then simple random sampling in the clusters) from 10 comprehensive urban health centers in Kashan in the winter of 2022 with participation of 384 mothers. Data were collected through questionnaires: “demographic and personal characteristics,” “MCSD,” and “mother's interest in sexual discourse.” Using SPSS version 16, univariate analysis was performed using indices of dispersion and central tendency, Pearson's correlation coefficient test, and ANOVA, and in the second step, all the variables with P < 0.2 in the univariate analysis were entered into the multiple linear regression model. Results: The mean of MCSD was 37.04 ± 15.16 (on a scale of 13–78). Univariate analysis showed that MCSD has a significant relationship with several factors, but in the multivariate linear regression analysis, the simultaneous presence of two factors of mothers' interest to sexual discourse with girl (the most important factor) and the curiosity of teenagers in obtaining sexual information from their mothers were reported significant in the model and the two mentioned factors explained 43.3% of the variance. Conclusion: In mother–daughter sexual discourse, the level of interest and positive attitude of mothers and the curiosity of teenagers in obtaining sexual information from mothers are the two important factors of MCSD. Therefore, these factors should be taken into account in planning to keep and improve the health of adolescents.
目的:本研究旨在了解母亲对青春期少女性话语的舒适程度及其影响因素。材料与方法:本横断面研究于2022年冬季在喀山市10个城市综合卫生院进行整群抽样(在整群中进行简单随机抽样)，共384名母亲参与。数据是通过问卷收集的:“人口统计和个人特征”、“MCSD”和“母亲对性话语的兴趣”。采用SPSS version 16进行单因素分析，采用分散度、集中趋势指标、Pearson相关系数检验、方差分析，第二步将单因素分析中P < 0.2的变量输入多元线性回归模型。结果:MCSD平均值为37.04±15.16(评分范围为13 ~ 78)。单因素分析显示MCSD与多个因素存在显著相关，但在多元线性回归分析中，同时存在母亲对与女孩的性话语感兴趣(最重要的因素)和青少年对从母亲那里获得性信息的好奇心这两个因素在模型中被报道为显著，这两个因素解释了43.3%的方差。结论:在母女性话语中，母亲的兴趣程度和积极态度以及青少年从母亲那里获取性信息的好奇心是母女性话语中MCSD的两个重要因素。因此，在制定保持和改善青少年健康的计划时应考虑到这些因素。
{"title":"Investigating the level of Mothers' comfort in sexual discourse with adolescent girls and related factors","authors":"Z. Sooki, Z. Tagharrobi, K. Sharifi","doi":"10.4103/iahs.iahs_123_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/iahs.iahs_123_22","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: The present study aimed to determine the level of mothers' comfort in sexual discourse (MCSD) with adolescent girls and related factors. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted with cluster sampling (and then simple random sampling in the clusters) from 10 comprehensive urban health centers in Kashan in the winter of 2022 with participation of 384 mothers. Data were collected through questionnaires: “demographic and personal characteristics,” “MCSD,” and “mother's interest in sexual discourse.” Using SPSS version 16, univariate analysis was performed using indices of dispersion and central tendency, Pearson's correlation coefficient test, and ANOVA, and in the second step, all the variables with P < 0.2 in the univariate analysis were entered into the multiple linear regression model. Results: The mean of MCSD was 37.04 ± 15.16 (on a scale of 13–78). Univariate analysis showed that MCSD has a significant relationship with several factors, but in the multivariate linear regression analysis, the simultaneous presence of two factors of mothers' interest to sexual discourse with girl (the most important factor) and the curiosity of teenagers in obtaining sexual information from their mothers were reported significant in the model and the two mentioned factors explained 43.3% of the variance. Conclusion: In mother–daughter sexual discourse, the level of interest and positive attitude of mothers and the curiosity of teenagers in obtaining sexual information from mothers are the two important factors of MCSD. Therefore, these factors should be taken into account in planning to keep and improve the health of adolescents.","PeriodicalId":160562,"journal":{"name":"International Archives of Health Sciences","volume":"95 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128604751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aims: The purpose of the study was to examine the intention of the health ambassadors to receive the COVID-19 vaccine, and investigate predictors of intention using the theory of planned behavior (TPB) and health belief model (HBM). Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive study conducted on 500 health ambassadors. Simple randomized sampling was applied to select the participants. We called the participants and asked them to fill out our 28-item questionnaire. Univariate analyses were used to examine relationships between dependent and independent variables. We used the independent t-test to measure the relationship between quantitatively independent variables and the Chi-square or Fisher's exact test to measure the relationship between qualitative independent variables. Finally, significant independent variables were entered into a hierarchical logistic regression model and the results were interpreted. Results: Overall, 44.8% (224) of participants reported that they have the intention to receive the COVID-19 vaccine. The significant demographic predictors include age, having a chronic disease, Having COVID-19 in the last year, and perceived health status. According to the HBM, the dimensions of perceived susceptibility, perceived benefits, and cues to action. According to the TPB, the dimensions of the subject norm, perceived behavior control, and self-efficacy were significant predictors of vaccination. Conclusion: According to the low rate of COVID-19 vaccination, health educational programs together with encouraging/reinforcing programs may change perceived susceptibility, perceived benefits, perceived behavioral control, and intention. It is better to use various kinds of sources to implement the educational program.
{"title":"Predictors of intention to receive the COVID-19 vaccine using the theory of planned behavior and the health belief model among the health ambassadors of Kashan City in 2021","authors":"Azam Mohamadloo, M. Rahimzadeh","doi":"10.4103/iahs.iahs_70_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/iahs.iahs_70_22","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: The purpose of the study was to examine the intention of the health ambassadors to receive the COVID-19 vaccine, and investigate predictors of intention using the theory of planned behavior (TPB) and health belief model (HBM). Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive study conducted on 500 health ambassadors. Simple randomized sampling was applied to select the participants. We called the participants and asked them to fill out our 28-item questionnaire. Univariate analyses were used to examine relationships between dependent and independent variables. We used the independent t-test to measure the relationship between quantitatively independent variables and the Chi-square or Fisher's exact test to measure the relationship between qualitative independent variables. Finally, significant independent variables were entered into a hierarchical logistic regression model and the results were interpreted. Results: Overall, 44.8% (224) of participants reported that they have the intention to receive the COVID-19 vaccine. The significant demographic predictors include age, having a chronic disease, Having COVID-19 in the last year, and perceived health status. According to the HBM, the dimensions of perceived susceptibility, perceived benefits, and cues to action. According to the TPB, the dimensions of the subject norm, perceived behavior control, and self-efficacy were significant predictors of vaccination. Conclusion: According to the low rate of COVID-19 vaccination, health educational programs together with encouraging/reinforcing programs may change perceived susceptibility, perceived benefits, perceived behavioral control, and intention. It is better to use various kinds of sources to implement the educational program.","PeriodicalId":160562,"journal":{"name":"International Archives of Health Sciences","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134538970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-01DOI: 10.4103/iahs.iahs_111_22
Baisakhi Maji, R. Roy, D. Haldar, S. Samanta
Aim: To find out variation in hospital attendance and admission for various infectious diseases (IDs) during the national lockdown as compared to prelockdown era. Materials and Methods: This observational descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at a state-level ID hospital in West Bengal. Data related to the turnout of ID patients at the hospital outpatient department and indoor admission during the lockdown and unlock phases of 2020 were collected by review of hospital records and compared with the pre-COVID period of 2019. Collected data were entered into an MS Excel sheet, and analysis was performed by SPSS 20.0. Results: Since April 2020, inpatient and outpatient turnout has gone far below the similar months of 2019. Outpatient consultation, indoor admission, anti-rabies clinic attendance, and childhood immunization against vaccine-preventable diseases had decreased significantly by 66.9%, 84.3%, 87%, and 85.2%, respectively, during lockdown (April–June 2020) compared to January–March 2020. Dramatic reduction noticed in hospital admission of diarrhea (93%), measles (96.5%), chicken pox (99.2%), acute respiratory illness (93.9%), diphtheria (66.7%), rabies (66.6%), and typhoid (98.2%) patients; while no cases of tetanus, swine flu, meningococcal meningitis, and mumps were admitted during lockdown period. Conclusion: It is evidenced that measures put in place by the government to curb COVID-19 spread disrupted other ID patient attendance at hospitals. Stigma and fear of contracting COVID-19 during hospital visits and unavailability of transport due to lockdown could be the main reason for reduced attendance.
{"title":"Impact of COVID-19 pandemic and national lockdown on hospital attendance of various infectious disease patients at an apex infectious disease hospital of Eastern India","authors":"Baisakhi Maji, R. Roy, D. Haldar, S. Samanta","doi":"10.4103/iahs.iahs_111_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/iahs.iahs_111_22","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: To find out variation in hospital attendance and admission for various infectious diseases (IDs) during the national lockdown as compared to prelockdown era. Materials and Methods: This observational descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at a state-level ID hospital in West Bengal. Data related to the turnout of ID patients at the hospital outpatient department and indoor admission during the lockdown and unlock phases of 2020 were collected by review of hospital records and compared with the pre-COVID period of 2019. Collected data were entered into an MS Excel sheet, and analysis was performed by SPSS 20.0. Results: Since April 2020, inpatient and outpatient turnout has gone far below the similar months of 2019. Outpatient consultation, indoor admission, anti-rabies clinic attendance, and childhood immunization against vaccine-preventable diseases had decreased significantly by 66.9%, 84.3%, 87%, and 85.2%, respectively, during lockdown (April–June 2020) compared to January–March 2020. Dramatic reduction noticed in hospital admission of diarrhea (93%), measles (96.5%), chicken pox (99.2%), acute respiratory illness (93.9%), diphtheria (66.7%), rabies (66.6%), and typhoid (98.2%) patients; while no cases of tetanus, swine flu, meningococcal meningitis, and mumps were admitted during lockdown period. Conclusion: It is evidenced that measures put in place by the government to curb COVID-19 spread disrupted other ID patient attendance at hospitals. Stigma and fear of contracting COVID-19 during hospital visits and unavailability of transport due to lockdown could be the main reason for reduced attendance.","PeriodicalId":160562,"journal":{"name":"International Archives of Health Sciences","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124373522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：