Pub Date : 2021-10-01DOI: 10.4103/iahs.iahs_181_21
B. Dehaghi, Alireza Ghamar, L. Ghavamabadi, S. Latifi
Aims: This study has examined exposure to electromagnetic fields (EMFs) and its effect on the general health of computer users. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed by participating 73 employees. A calibrated galactooligosaccharide meter model HI-3603 was used to measure EMF and a general health questionnaire examined their health status. Statistical Analysis Used: For analyzing data, the t-test and Chi-square test were applied. Results: The electric field intensities in desktop monitors and laptops were 0.26–1.2 and 0.28–0.87 volts/m, respectively, which is higher than the standard levels. The results from the public health questionnaire revealed that 39% of computer users had some problems in general health status. A significant difference was observed between the general health of the two groups (P < 0.001). Conclusions: The role of using electronic equipment for communication and daily activities became more prominent. Therefore, it is clear that with the widespread use of this equipment, all members of society will be exposed to some kind of EMF. Therefore, people who work with computers due to their job will use this equipment to do things during other nonworking hours. As a result of this increase in the time of using electronic equipment, their health will be at risk.
{"title":"Exposure to electromagnetic fields and users' health","authors":"B. Dehaghi, Alireza Ghamar, L. Ghavamabadi, S. Latifi","doi":"10.4103/iahs.iahs_181_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/iahs.iahs_181_21","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: This study has examined exposure to electromagnetic fields (EMFs) and its effect on the general health of computer users. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed by participating 73 employees. A calibrated galactooligosaccharide meter model HI-3603 was used to measure EMF and a general health questionnaire examined their health status. Statistical Analysis Used: For analyzing data, the t-test and Chi-square test were applied. Results: The electric field intensities in desktop monitors and laptops were 0.26–1.2 and 0.28–0.87 volts/m, respectively, which is higher than the standard levels. The results from the public health questionnaire revealed that 39% of computer users had some problems in general health status. A significant difference was observed between the general health of the two groups (P < 0.001). Conclusions: The role of using electronic equipment for communication and daily activities became more prominent. Therefore, it is clear that with the widespread use of this equipment, all members of society will be exposed to some kind of EMF. Therefore, people who work with computers due to their job will use this equipment to do things during other nonworking hours. As a result of this increase in the time of using electronic equipment, their health will be at risk.","PeriodicalId":160562,"journal":{"name":"International Archives of Health Sciences","volume":"74 3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127181419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-01DOI: 10.4103/iahs.iahs_127_20
A. Khajevandi, Zahra Shafiei, H. Zamani-Badi, M. Hanani, S. Esmaeili
Aims: In any organization, there is a set of safety hazards that, if ignored, can lead to accidents. Universities can be considered a small example of organizations with all kinds of risks. The aim of this study was to investigate the level of safety noncompliance of Kashan University of Medical Sciences with the safety audit method. Materials and Methods: The present study is a descriptive cross-sectional study in which the safety status of faculties of Kashan University of Medical Sciences was assessed by audit. Audit checklists were prepared in accordance with national safety standards and regulations as well as the expert opinion of safety experts, including electrical safety, fire safety, general safety, safety requirements, beam safety, emergency response program, safety the pressure system, the safety of the elevators, and the general specifications of the faculties. Results: Based on this study, it was observed that in the areas of public safety, the highest noncompliance was reported in the areas of emergency, safety requirements, and pressure system with 88 cases (88.23%) and no noncompliance in the areas of public safety and elevators 0 (0%). According to the year of construction, the highest noncompliance was reported in the areas of emergency and safety requirements (100%) in 17 cases and the lowest noncompliance was in the field of public safety, which had no noncompliance 0 (0%). Conclusion: The safety situation of the classes of the studied faculties, especially in the subjects of safety requirements, emergency response program, and safety system under pressure, was at an unfavorable level. The most important reason for this was the lack of clear responsibilities and the lack of organizational structure in the field of safety issues, which in order to improve it, universities need to establish a safety management system.
{"title":"Assessing the safety status of Kashan University of Medical Sciences faculties by audit method in 2018","authors":"A. Khajevandi, Zahra Shafiei, H. Zamani-Badi, M. Hanani, S. Esmaeili","doi":"10.4103/iahs.iahs_127_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/iahs.iahs_127_20","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: In any organization, there is a set of safety hazards that, if ignored, can lead to accidents. Universities can be considered a small example of organizations with all kinds of risks. The aim of this study was to investigate the level of safety noncompliance of Kashan University of Medical Sciences with the safety audit method. Materials and Methods: The present study is a descriptive cross-sectional study in which the safety status of faculties of Kashan University of Medical Sciences was assessed by audit. Audit checklists were prepared in accordance with national safety standards and regulations as well as the expert opinion of safety experts, including electrical safety, fire safety, general safety, safety requirements, beam safety, emergency response program, safety the pressure system, the safety of the elevators, and the general specifications of the faculties. Results: Based on this study, it was observed that in the areas of public safety, the highest noncompliance was reported in the areas of emergency, safety requirements, and pressure system with 88 cases (88.23%) and no noncompliance in the areas of public safety and elevators 0 (0%). According to the year of construction, the highest noncompliance was reported in the areas of emergency and safety requirements (100%) in 17 cases and the lowest noncompliance was in the field of public safety, which had no noncompliance 0 (0%). Conclusion: The safety situation of the classes of the studied faculties, especially in the subjects of safety requirements, emergency response program, and safety system under pressure, was at an unfavorable level. The most important reason for this was the lack of clear responsibilities and the lack of organizational structure in the field of safety issues, which in order to improve it, universities need to establish a safety management system.","PeriodicalId":160562,"journal":{"name":"International Archives of Health Sciences","volume":"98 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126085127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-01DOI: 10.4103/iahs.iahs_115_20
Nazila Esmaeili, P. Asgari, N. Khorami, S. Bakhtiarpour
Aims: According to the World Health Organization, migraine is the twentieth rank among all disability-causing disorders. The present study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) on perfectionism and resilience in migraine patients. Materials and Methods: The research method was semi-experimental with a pretest–posttest design and a control group. The statistical population of the study included all patients with migraine who presented to neurologists in Tehran in the fall of 2018, from which thirty patients were selected using convenience sampling method and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. The data were collected by the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale and Ahvaz Perfectionism Scale (APS). The experimental group received ACT in eight weekly sessions, while the control group was on the waiting list. The data were analyzed using the multivariate analysis of covariance. Results: Findings showed that there was a difference between the control and experimental groups in perfectionism and resilience means at the posttest level. Regarding the means of the variables after the intervention, results showed that those patients who received the intervention had more resilience and lower perfectionism than those who were in the waitlist control group. Therefore, the ACT was effective on perfectionism (P < 0.001) and resilience (P < 0.001) of migraine patients. Conclusion: Given the effectiveness of ACT, it is recommended to use the ACT as a supplementary therapy with medical treatments for migraine patients. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed in the discussion section.
{"title":"Effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on perfectionism and resilience in migraine patients","authors":"Nazila Esmaeili, P. Asgari, N. Khorami, S. Bakhtiarpour","doi":"10.4103/iahs.iahs_115_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/iahs.iahs_115_20","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: According to the World Health Organization, migraine is the twentieth rank among all disability-causing disorders. The present study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) on perfectionism and resilience in migraine patients. Materials and Methods: The research method was semi-experimental with a pretest–posttest design and a control group. The statistical population of the study included all patients with migraine who presented to neurologists in Tehran in the fall of 2018, from which thirty patients were selected using convenience sampling method and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. The data were collected by the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale and Ahvaz Perfectionism Scale (APS). The experimental group received ACT in eight weekly sessions, while the control group was on the waiting list. The data were analyzed using the multivariate analysis of covariance. Results: Findings showed that there was a difference between the control and experimental groups in perfectionism and resilience means at the posttest level. Regarding the means of the variables after the intervention, results showed that those patients who received the intervention had more resilience and lower perfectionism than those who were in the waitlist control group. Therefore, the ACT was effective on perfectionism (P < 0.001) and resilience (P < 0.001) of migraine patients. Conclusion: Given the effectiveness of ACT, it is recommended to use the ACT as a supplementary therapy with medical treatments for migraine patients. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed in the discussion section.","PeriodicalId":160562,"journal":{"name":"International Archives of Health Sciences","volume":"119 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132996174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-01DOI: 10.4103/iahs.iahs_155_20
M. Kashani, Maryam Alam, Mahdieh Kaveh, Mitra Hannani, H. Akbari
Introduction: Occupational burnout is one of the complications of work and a psychological syndrome including emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and feeling of inadequacy. Furthermore, personality traits such as openness, conscientiousness, extroversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism can affect the degree of occupational burnout. This study is to investigate the relationship between these two factors. Materials and Methods: This descriptive study was performed on 87 nurses from Kashan Beheshti Hospital. We used Neo and Maslach questionnaires to investigate the personality traits and occupational burnout. Sampling was performed by a simple random sampling method, and the data were collected by Neo and Maslach questionnaires. Statistical analysis was performed using Chi-square, Fisher exact test, independent t-test, and Pearson correlation coefficient. Results: In general, there is a significant relationship between different aspects of occupational burnout with personality traits. There was no significant relationship between occupational burnout and age (P < 0.262), while there was a relationship between occupational desirability and age. There was no significant relationship between the frequency and severity of occupational burnout in the various aspects of age, sex, and marital status of nurses. There is also no relationship between personality traits and these three factors. Conclusion: The study showed that the personality traits of nurses are effective in their occupational burnout. Furthermore, compare to depersonalization, emotional exhaustion, and feeling of inadequacy in nurses is more related to personality traits and the modification of work environment and reduction of work stress are recommended for these employees.
{"title":"The correlation of character traits with job burnout among Beheshti Hospital nurses in Kashan during 2015","authors":"M. Kashani, Maryam Alam, Mahdieh Kaveh, Mitra Hannani, H. Akbari","doi":"10.4103/iahs.iahs_155_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/iahs.iahs_155_20","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Occupational burnout is one of the complications of work and a psychological syndrome including emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and feeling of inadequacy. Furthermore, personality traits such as openness, conscientiousness, extroversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism can affect the degree of occupational burnout. This study is to investigate the relationship between these two factors. Materials and Methods: This descriptive study was performed on 87 nurses from Kashan Beheshti Hospital. We used Neo and Maslach questionnaires to investigate the personality traits and occupational burnout. Sampling was performed by a simple random sampling method, and the data were collected by Neo and Maslach questionnaires. Statistical analysis was performed using Chi-square, Fisher exact test, independent t-test, and Pearson correlation coefficient. Results: In general, there is a significant relationship between different aspects of occupational burnout with personality traits. There was no significant relationship between occupational burnout and age (P < 0.262), while there was a relationship between occupational desirability and age. There was no significant relationship between the frequency and severity of occupational burnout in the various aspects of age, sex, and marital status of nurses. There is also no relationship between personality traits and these three factors. Conclusion: The study showed that the personality traits of nurses are effective in their occupational burnout. Furthermore, compare to depersonalization, emotional exhaustion, and feeling of inadequacy in nurses is more related to personality traits and the modification of work environment and reduction of work stress are recommended for these employees.","PeriodicalId":160562,"journal":{"name":"International Archives of Health Sciences","volume":"101 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132471629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aims: With advances in computer technology, the recent decade has witnessed a growth in resources and an increase in the availability of devices for language learning and teaching. This study aimed at investigating the effect of Adobe Connect virtual classrooms on technical vocabulary learning of students of medicine as well as to explore their attitudes toward Adobe Connect virtual classrooms. Materials and Methods: This quasi-experimental study was performed on 60 EFL students of medicine studying at Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran. To ensure the participants' homogeneity in terms of language proficiency, the Oxford Quick Placement Test was used. The participants were randomly divided into two groups (n = 30): conventional teacher-centered and Adobe Connect virtual groups. Data were collected using pre- and post-tests of technical medical vocabularies to evaluate vocabulary knowledge and a five-point Likert scale to evaluate the students' attitudes toward Adobe Connect virtual classrooms. Data were analyzed using an independent t-test and a paired t-test by SPSS version 22. Results: The results revealed no significant difference in the mean scores of the vocabulary test between the conventional teacher-centered and Adobe Connect virtual groups before training (P = 0.757); however, the mean vocabulary scores after training in the Adobe Connect virtual group was significantly higher than the conventional group (P < 0.001). Conclusion: The findings of the present study show the effectiveness of the Adobe Connect virtual classrooms and students' satisfaction with such a virtual environment in terms of technical medical vocabulary learning.
{"title":"The effect of adobe connect virtual classrooms on medical students' technical vocabulary learning: Achievements and challenges","authors":"M. Najafi, M. Heidari-Shahreza, S. Ketabi","doi":"10.4103/iahs.iahs_15_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/iahs.iahs_15_21","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: With advances in computer technology, the recent decade has witnessed a growth in resources and an increase in the availability of devices for language learning and teaching. This study aimed at investigating the effect of Adobe Connect virtual classrooms on technical vocabulary learning of students of medicine as well as to explore their attitudes toward Adobe Connect virtual classrooms. Materials and Methods: This quasi-experimental study was performed on 60 EFL students of medicine studying at Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran. To ensure the participants' homogeneity in terms of language proficiency, the Oxford Quick Placement Test was used. The participants were randomly divided into two groups (n = 30): conventional teacher-centered and Adobe Connect virtual groups. Data were collected using pre- and post-tests of technical medical vocabularies to evaluate vocabulary knowledge and a five-point Likert scale to evaluate the students' attitudes toward Adobe Connect virtual classrooms. Data were analyzed using an independent t-test and a paired t-test by SPSS version 22. Results: The results revealed no significant difference in the mean scores of the vocabulary test between the conventional teacher-centered and Adobe Connect virtual groups before training (P = 0.757); however, the mean vocabulary scores after training in the Adobe Connect virtual group was significantly higher than the conventional group (P < 0.001). Conclusion: The findings of the present study show the effectiveness of the Adobe Connect virtual classrooms and students' satisfaction with such a virtual environment in terms of technical medical vocabulary learning.","PeriodicalId":160562,"journal":{"name":"International Archives of Health Sciences","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130251420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aim: The aim of this study was to develop combination approach for the treatment of Escherichia coli-producing extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) isolated from intensive care unit (ICU)-acquired urinary tract infections (UTIs). Materials and Methods: The observational study was conducted between January 5, 2018- June 5, 2019 to isolate and detect E. coli from UTI patients admitted to ICUs in Shahid Rajaee hospital, Gachsaran, Iran. Morphological, biochemical and molecular methods were conducted to identify E. coli isolates. Phenotypic confirmation of E. coli producing ESBL was performed using ESBL disc diffusion test according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines. The combination index assay set-up was based on CLSI guidelines to investigate antibacterial susceptibilities to vancomycin alone and in combination with trimethoprim and interpreted with the fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) index. Eventually, the expression levels of blaCTX-M-33 gene were determined by real-time quantitative reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction. Results: A total of 90 ICU-acquired UTIs occurred among 255 patients. The combination index assay results showed that vancomycin/trimethoprim combination would be reduced its minimal inhibitory concentration90 value. The vancomycin/trimethoprim combination revealed partial synergistic and indifferent effects (FIC = 0.52–1.50) in the isolates of E. coli-producing ESBL. The results of gene expression analysis indicated that vancomycin/trimethoprim combination caused downregulation of blaCTX-M-33 gene at negligible levels by 55.56–58.82-fold and stopped drug resistant. Conclusion: Vancomycin/trimethoprim combination may diminish resistance in the E. coli-producing ESBL isolated from ICU-acquired UTI patients.
{"title":"Differential expression of blaCTX-M-33 with vancomycin/trimethoprim combination in Escherichia coli-producing extended-spectrum β-lactamase isolated from intensive care unit-acquired urinary tract infection","authors":"F. Hosseini, A. Khodavandi, F. Alizadeh","doi":"10.4103/iahs.iahs_39_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/iahs.iahs_39_21","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: The aim of this study was to develop combination approach for the treatment of Escherichia coli-producing extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) isolated from intensive care unit (ICU)-acquired urinary tract infections (UTIs). Materials and Methods: The observational study was conducted between January 5, 2018- June 5, 2019 to isolate and detect E. coli from UTI patients admitted to ICUs in Shahid Rajaee hospital, Gachsaran, Iran. Morphological, biochemical and molecular methods were conducted to identify E. coli isolates. Phenotypic confirmation of E. coli producing ESBL was performed using ESBL disc diffusion test according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines. The combination index assay set-up was based on CLSI guidelines to investigate antibacterial susceptibilities to vancomycin alone and in combination with trimethoprim and interpreted with the fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) index. Eventually, the expression levels of blaCTX-M-33 gene were determined by real-time quantitative reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction. Results: A total of 90 ICU-acquired UTIs occurred among 255 patients. The combination index assay results showed that vancomycin/trimethoprim combination would be reduced its minimal inhibitory concentration90 value. The vancomycin/trimethoprim combination revealed partial synergistic and indifferent effects (FIC = 0.52–1.50) in the isolates of E. coli-producing ESBL. The results of gene expression analysis indicated that vancomycin/trimethoprim combination caused downregulation of blaCTX-M-33 gene at negligible levels by 55.56–58.82-fold and stopped drug resistant. Conclusion: Vancomycin/trimethoprim combination may diminish resistance in the E. coli-producing ESBL isolated from ICU-acquired UTI patients.","PeriodicalId":160562,"journal":{"name":"International Archives of Health Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130254214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fatemeh Mohebbi, R. Dehghani, Faezeh Tarazouj, Marzieh Akbari, Mahsa Rovan, G. Mostafaii
Aims: Landfill leachate contains many pollutants including chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand, ammonia nitrogen, organic matter, minerals, and toxins. Given the importance of COD removal from landfill leachate, this study was conducted to evaluate and compare different methods used for the removal of COD from leachate. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted as a narrative review using keywords of leachate, COD, landfill in related journals issued in scientific databases such as Web of Science, PubMed, SID, and Google Scholar. We reviewed different aspects of COD removal from leachate to find better options in this respect. Results: The highest rate of COD removal was observed for batch reactor methods of anaerobic and aerobic granular activated carbon and electro Fenton by 98.4% COD removal, and the lowest one was 22.7% for the electro-Fenton method. The most commonly used methods for removing COD from solidwaste leachate have been physical and chemical methods. Conclusion: This study showed that a wide range method has been used to remove COD from leachate. It seems that combined methods are more effective to reduce the content of leachate COD. Besides, methods such as Fenton and absorption are more preferable because of simple application and low energy consumption.
目的:垃圾渗滤液含有化学需氧量(COD)、生物需氧量、氨氮、有机物、矿物质和毒素等多种污染物。鉴于垃圾渗滤液中COD去除的重要性，本研究对垃圾渗滤液中COD去除的不同方法进行了评价和比较。材料与方法:本研究以Web of Science、PubMed、SID、Google Scholar等科学数据库发表的相关期刊上的渗滤液、COD、填埋场等关键词为叙述性综述。我们检讨了从渗滤液中去除COD的不同方面，以寻找在这方面更好的选择。结果:厌氧、好氧颗粒活性炭和电芬顿间歇式反应器法COD去除率最高，为98.4%，电芬顿法最低，为22.7%。从固体废物渗滤液中去除COD最常用的方法是物理和化学方法。结论:本研究表明，该方法可广泛用于去除渗滤液中的COD。综合处理方法对降低渗滤液COD含量更为有效。此外，Fenton法和吸收法应用简单，能耗低，是较好的方法。
{"title":"An overview of comparing chemical oxygen demand removal methods from landfill leachate","authors":"Fatemeh Mohebbi, R. Dehghani, Faezeh Tarazouj, Marzieh Akbari, Mahsa Rovan, G. Mostafaii","doi":"10.4103/iahs.iahs_43_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/iahs.iahs_43_21","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: Landfill leachate contains many pollutants including chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand, ammonia nitrogen, organic matter, minerals, and toxins. Given the importance of COD removal from landfill leachate, this study was conducted to evaluate and compare different methods used for the removal of COD from leachate. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted as a narrative review using keywords of leachate, COD, landfill in related journals issued in scientific databases such as Web of Science, PubMed, SID, and Google Scholar. We reviewed different aspects of COD removal from leachate to find better options in this respect. Results: The highest rate of COD removal was observed for batch reactor methods of anaerobic and aerobic granular activated carbon and electro Fenton by 98.4% COD removal, and the lowest one was 22.7% for the electro-Fenton method. The most commonly used methods for removing COD from solidwaste leachate have been physical and chemical methods. Conclusion: This study showed that a wide range method has been used to remove COD from leachate. It seems that combined methods are more effective to reduce the content of leachate COD. Besides, methods such as Fenton and absorption are more preferable because of simple application and low energy consumption.","PeriodicalId":160562,"journal":{"name":"International Archives of Health Sciences","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127723979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-01DOI: 10.4103/iahs.iahs_119_20
Reza Tavakkol, N. Hatami, Soheil Hassanipour, Mahdi Malakoutikhah
Aims: Latex sensitivity has been a concern for health-care workers in recent years. Due to the excessive exposure to latex products in the operating room, the personnel of this department are exposed to high sensitivity to these products. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of latex sensitivity among operating room personnel. Materials and Methods: This systematic review and meta-analysis conducted based on a Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis checklist. The present study researchers explored four international databases, namely Medline/PubMed, ProQuest, Scopus, and Embase in February 2020. The selected keywords for international databases were classified into three categories (a) operating room personnel, (b) latex sensitivity, and (c) prevalence. The collected data were entered into the EndNote X8 software and analytical analysis was performed by STATA statistical software version 12. Results: Seventy-five articles were found by searching for databases. After several screening steps, 12 articles entered the final analysis. The results show that the prevalence of latex sensitivity in total is 14.76 (confidence interval 95%: 9.27–20.25). Meta-regression results showed that the relationship between the years of study and the prevalence of latex sensitivity is not statistically significant (P = 0.222). Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that sensitivity to latex is significantly prevalent among operating room staff. Due to the importance of sterility and sensitive working conditions in the operating room, as well as frequent contact with latex products, it is important to pay attention to the side effects caused by latex powder.
{"title":"The prevalence of latex sensitivity among operating room personnel: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Reza Tavakkol, N. Hatami, Soheil Hassanipour, Mahdi Malakoutikhah","doi":"10.4103/iahs.iahs_119_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/iahs.iahs_119_20","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: Latex sensitivity has been a concern for health-care workers in recent years. Due to the excessive exposure to latex products in the operating room, the personnel of this department are exposed to high sensitivity to these products. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of latex sensitivity among operating room personnel. Materials and Methods: This systematic review and meta-analysis conducted based on a Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis checklist. The present study researchers explored four international databases, namely Medline/PubMed, ProQuest, Scopus, and Embase in February 2020. The selected keywords for international databases were classified into three categories (a) operating room personnel, (b) latex sensitivity, and (c) prevalence. The collected data were entered into the EndNote X8 software and analytical analysis was performed by STATA statistical software version 12. Results: Seventy-five articles were found by searching for databases. After several screening steps, 12 articles entered the final analysis. The results show that the prevalence of latex sensitivity in total is 14.76 (confidence interval 95%: 9.27–20.25). Meta-regression results showed that the relationship between the years of study and the prevalence of latex sensitivity is not statistically significant (P = 0.222). Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that sensitivity to latex is significantly prevalent among operating room staff. Due to the importance of sterility and sensitive working conditions in the operating room, as well as frequent contact with latex products, it is important to pay attention to the side effects caused by latex powder.","PeriodicalId":160562,"journal":{"name":"International Archives of Health Sciences","volume":"124 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127415883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-01DOI: 10.4103/iahs.iahs_125_20
Mahdi Malakoutikhah, H. Rabiei, Asma Zare, A. Omidvar
Aims: Environmental conditions affect workers health and performance. The present study aimed to investigate the simultaneous effect of ambient temperature and light intensity on human error. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 50 students from Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. Each participant performed 9 tests in 5 min at 3 different temperatures (20°C, 25°C, and 30°C) and 3 lighting conditions (50, 500, and 1000 lux). The participants were asked to select a text randomly. Participants asked to read the text in just 6 min and identify the mistakes. In each step, the number of remaining lines, number of spelling mistakes found, and task completion time were estimated. Results: There was no significant relationship between the temperature and the number of remaining lines, the number of spelling mistakes, and the task completion time (P > 0.05). However, the relationship between different light intensity and the number of remaining lines and number of spelling mistakes was statically significant (P < 0.05). At a lighting of 500, 1000 lux, and a temperature of 25°C, male subjects performed better. Unlike men, women's performance was not affected that much by the light intensity and only declined slightly in the 1000 lux and at 20°C. Conclusions: The results showed that light intensity could be important to create a suitable environment for reducing human error. If the temperature could not increase in an environment due to the nature of a job or economic issues, reducing human errors could achieve by increasing light intensity.
{"title":"The simultaneous effect of ambient temperature and light intensity on performance: A cross-sectional study","authors":"Mahdi Malakoutikhah, H. Rabiei, Asma Zare, A. Omidvar","doi":"10.4103/iahs.iahs_125_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/iahs.iahs_125_20","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: Environmental conditions affect workers health and performance. The present study aimed to investigate the simultaneous effect of ambient temperature and light intensity on human error. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 50 students from Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. Each participant performed 9 tests in 5 min at 3 different temperatures (20°C, 25°C, and 30°C) and 3 lighting conditions (50, 500, and 1000 lux). The participants were asked to select a text randomly. Participants asked to read the text in just 6 min and identify the mistakes. In each step, the number of remaining lines, number of spelling mistakes found, and task completion time were estimated. Results: There was no significant relationship between the temperature and the number of remaining lines, the number of spelling mistakes, and the task completion time (P > 0.05). However, the relationship between different light intensity and the number of remaining lines and number of spelling mistakes was statically significant (P < 0.05). At a lighting of 500, 1000 lux, and a temperature of 25°C, male subjects performed better. Unlike men, women's performance was not affected that much by the light intensity and only declined slightly in the 1000 lux and at 20°C. Conclusions: The results showed that light intensity could be important to create a suitable environment for reducing human error. If the temperature could not increase in an environment due to the nature of a job or economic issues, reducing human errors could achieve by increasing light intensity.","PeriodicalId":160562,"journal":{"name":"International Archives of Health Sciences","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127120252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aims: In this study, we aim to describe the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the burden and pattern of hospitalization from the COVID-19-unrelated illnesses among children in Barbados. Materials and Methods: This is a population-based prospective clinical audit. It included children (Age <16 years) admitted for COVID-19-unrelated illnesses to the only tertiary care hospital in this country during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. This audit covers the period extending from April to July 2020. The audit data for the corresponding period in 2019 and and 2018, which were also collected prospectively, was used as historical control. Results: There were a total of 178 pediatric medical admissions (PMAs) in this country from April to July 2020. This was a decline of 47.2% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 41.6%, 52.5%) compared to the 336 PMA during the corresponding period in 2019 and 2018. The decline in the number of admissions from asthma phenotypes, respiratory infections, and gastrointestinal infections accounted for 88.0% (95% CI – 78.6%, 94.8%) of the total decline in PMA during the pandemic-related lockdown period when compared with the corresponding period in 2019. The difference in the proportion of children who required transfer to the pediatric intensive care unit during the pandemic and the corresponding period in 2019 and 2018 was statistically not significant (P = 0.8234). Conclusions: A sharp decline in the admissions from asthma phenotypes and those from the respiratory tract and gastrointestinal tract infections resulted in a close to 50% decline in hospitalizations from COVID-19-unrelated illnesses among children in this population.
{"title":"The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the burden and the pattern of hospitalization from COVID-19 unrelated illnesses among children in barbados – A preliminary report from an ongoing study","authors":"Alok Kumar, Janine Taitt, Prerna Singh","doi":"10.4103/iahs.iahs_6_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/iahs.iahs_6_21","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: In this study, we aim to describe the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the burden and pattern of hospitalization from the COVID-19-unrelated illnesses among children in Barbados. Materials and Methods: This is a population-based prospective clinical audit. It included children (Age <16 years) admitted for COVID-19-unrelated illnesses to the only tertiary care hospital in this country during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. This audit covers the period extending from April to July 2020. The audit data for the corresponding period in 2019 and and 2018, which were also collected prospectively, was used as historical control. Results: There were a total of 178 pediatric medical admissions (PMAs) in this country from April to July 2020. This was a decline of 47.2% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 41.6%, 52.5%) compared to the 336 PMA during the corresponding period in 2019 and 2018. The decline in the number of admissions from asthma phenotypes, respiratory infections, and gastrointestinal infections accounted for 88.0% (95% CI – 78.6%, 94.8%) of the total decline in PMA during the pandemic-related lockdown period when compared with the corresponding period in 2019. The difference in the proportion of children who required transfer to the pediatric intensive care unit during the pandemic and the corresponding period in 2019 and 2018 was statistically not significant (P = 0.8234). Conclusions: A sharp decline in the admissions from asthma phenotypes and those from the respiratory tract and gastrointestinal tract infections resulted in a close to 50% decline in hospitalizations from COVID-19-unrelated illnesses among children in this population.","PeriodicalId":160562,"journal":{"name":"International Archives of Health Sciences","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116014035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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