Aims: According to the global burden of disease study 2019, low back pain (LBP) is among the top ten high-burden diseases and injuries. As a common complication of spinal anesthesia, this study aimed to consider the incidence of LBP and related factors in operating patients under spinal anesthesia in Kashan University of Medical Sciences' (KAUMS) hospitals in 2019. Materials and Methods: During a cross-sectional study, patients who underwent surgical procedures under spinal anesthesia at the teaching hospitals of KAUMS in 2019 were evaluated. Needed information about surgery and anesthesia was retrieved from the medical records. In addition, information about LBP was extracted from patients' records as well as telephone calls. Using SPSS for statistical analysis, P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: During the study period, the total number of 460 surgical patients were considered. Among them, 290 were men (63.0%) and the mean age of participants was 38.6 ± 6.2. The incidence of LBP among study participants was 47.6%. Regarding sex, women were 2.8 times more likely to develop a backache than men (odds ratio = 2.8, 95% confidence interval: 1.8–4.8, P < 0.001) after spinal anesthesia. The highest frequency of pain was seen in gynecologic surgeries, lateral position, and ages 26–44 years. Conclusion: The incidence of LBP after spinal anesthesia was 47.6% and it was significantly associated with age (mostly in 26–44 y), gender (higher in women), type of surgery (higher in gynecologic procedures), and surgical position (higher in lateral position).
{"title":"Epidemiological profile of acute low back pain in operated patients under spinal anesthesia in Kashan University of Medical Sciences' Teaching Hospitals in 2019","authors":"M. Mahdian, M. Varkani, Seyed Abbas Mousavi","doi":"10.4103/iahs.iahs_3_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/iahs.iahs_3_21","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: According to the global burden of disease study 2019, low back pain (LBP) is among the top ten high-burden diseases and injuries. As a common complication of spinal anesthesia, this study aimed to consider the incidence of LBP and related factors in operating patients under spinal anesthesia in Kashan University of Medical Sciences' (KAUMS) hospitals in 2019. Materials and Methods: During a cross-sectional study, patients who underwent surgical procedures under spinal anesthesia at the teaching hospitals of KAUMS in 2019 were evaluated. Needed information about surgery and anesthesia was retrieved from the medical records. In addition, information about LBP was extracted from patients' records as well as telephone calls. Using SPSS for statistical analysis, P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: During the study period, the total number of 460 surgical patients were considered. Among them, 290 were men (63.0%) and the mean age of participants was 38.6 ± 6.2. The incidence of LBP among study participants was 47.6%. Regarding sex, women were 2.8 times more likely to develop a backache than men (odds ratio = 2.8, 95% confidence interval: 1.8–4.8, P < 0.001) after spinal anesthesia. The highest frequency of pain was seen in gynecologic surgeries, lateral position, and ages 26–44 years. Conclusion: The incidence of LBP after spinal anesthesia was 47.6% and it was significantly associated with age (mostly in 26–44 y), gender (higher in women), type of surgery (higher in gynecologic procedures), and surgical position (higher in lateral position).","PeriodicalId":160562,"journal":{"name":"International Archives of Health Sciences","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125473150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Nazari, N. Ajorpaz, Z. Sadat, M. Hosseinian, Sophia Esalatmanesh
Aims: The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between academic procrastination and depression in students of Kashan University of Medical Sciences. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional descriptive-analytic study, 400 students of Kashan University of Medical Sciences were selected by stratified random sampling in 2020. Data collection tools included three sections of demographic information, the Procrastination Assessment Scale, and the Beck Depression Inventory II. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 16 software and independent t-test, ANOVA, and multivariate regression. Results: The results of demographic data showed that the number of females was more than the males (61.3% vs. 38.7%). The student's academic procrastination's score was 65.22 ± 14.92, indicating a moderate level of procrastination (58.4%). The variables of performing religious duties, students' depression have a significant relationship with academic procrastination (P < 0.001). There is a significant positive correlation between academic procrastination and student depression (P < 0.001, r = 0.325). Conclusion: Based on the research findings, academic procrastination among students was moderate to high. Considering the important role of academic procrastination in various aspects of education and future careers of students and future of community health, it is essential for professors and academic advisors to pay a special attention to this subject and it is suggested to investigate the causes and to propose appropriate strategies for reducing this behavior.
目的:本研究旨在探讨卡山医科大学学生学业拖延与抑郁的关系。材料与方法:本研究采用横断面描述性分析方法，分层随机抽样抽取2020年卡山医科大学在校学生400名。数据收集工具包括三部分人口统计信息、拖延评估量表和贝克抑郁量表II。数据分析采用SPSS 16版软件，采用独立t检验、方差分析和多元回归。结果:人口统计结果显示，女性多于男性(61.3%比38.7%)。学生学业拖延得分为65.22±14.92，为中度拖延(58.4%)。宗教义务履行、学生抑郁与学业拖延有显著相关(P < 0.001)。学业拖延与学生抑郁呈显著正相关(P < 0.001, r = 0.325)。结论:从研究结果来看，学生的学业拖延症表现为中高水平。考虑到学业拖延在教育和学生未来职业生涯以及社区健康的各个方面的重要作用，教授和学术顾问有必要特别关注这一问题，并建议调查原因并提出适当的策略来减少这种行为。
{"title":"The relationship between academic procrastination and depression in students of Kashan University of Medical Sciences","authors":"S. Nazari, N. Ajorpaz, Z. Sadat, M. Hosseinian, Sophia Esalatmanesh","doi":"10.4103/iahs.iahs_1_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/iahs.iahs_1_21","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between academic procrastination and depression in students of Kashan University of Medical Sciences. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional descriptive-analytic study, 400 students of Kashan University of Medical Sciences were selected by stratified random sampling in 2020. Data collection tools included three sections of demographic information, the Procrastination Assessment Scale, and the Beck Depression Inventory II. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 16 software and independent t-test, ANOVA, and multivariate regression. Results: The results of demographic data showed that the number of females was more than the males (61.3% vs. 38.7%). The student's academic procrastination's score was 65.22 ± 14.92, indicating a moderate level of procrastination (58.4%). The variables of performing religious duties, students' depression have a significant relationship with academic procrastination (P < 0.001). There is a significant positive correlation between academic procrastination and student depression (P < 0.001, r = 0.325). Conclusion: Based on the research findings, academic procrastination among students was moderate to high. Considering the important role of academic procrastination in various aspects of education and future careers of students and future of community health, it is essential for professors and academic advisors to pay a special attention to this subject and it is suggested to investigate the causes and to propose appropriate strategies for reducing this behavior.","PeriodicalId":160562,"journal":{"name":"International Archives of Health Sciences","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134512667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Izadi-Avanji, Z. Rahemi, M. Adib-Hajbaghery, Malihe Yazdani-Darki
Aims: The purpose of this study was to investigate the extent of technology use at home by older adults and to identify factors related to technology use. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed using 400 older adults that were referred to Urban Comprehensive Health Service Centers in Kashan, Iran, from July 2017 to March 2019. The multistage cluster sampling method was used to select the health centers, and simple random sampling was used to recruit older adults that were referred to the centers. Data were collected using a demographic questionnaire and the Older Adults' Technology Use at Home (OATUH) scale. The independent t-test, Chi-square test, and Pearson's correlation were used to analyze data. Results: The mean score of OATUH was 17.25 ± 8.6 in the range of 0–36. Technology use at home was significantly associated with gender, education, income, and chronic conditions. Participants without chronic conditions were more likely to use technology, especially out-of-kitchen technology. Age had a negative correlation with OATUH (r = −0.3), out-of-kitchen technology use (r = 0.21), and in-kitchen technology use (r = 0.28). Conclusions: The use of technology was associated with participants' demographics and health characteristics. The results can be integrated with the knowledge base for improving older adults' technology use to enhance their quality of life.
{"title":"Factors influencing use of technology in older adults' daily life","authors":"F. Izadi-Avanji, Z. Rahemi, M. Adib-Hajbaghery, Malihe Yazdani-Darki","doi":"10.4103/iahs.iahs_14_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/iahs.iahs_14_21","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: The purpose of this study was to investigate the extent of technology use at home by older adults and to identify factors related to technology use. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed using 400 older adults that were referred to Urban Comprehensive Health Service Centers in Kashan, Iran, from July 2017 to March 2019. The multistage cluster sampling method was used to select the health centers, and simple random sampling was used to recruit older adults that were referred to the centers. Data were collected using a demographic questionnaire and the Older Adults' Technology Use at Home (OATUH) scale. The independent t-test, Chi-square test, and Pearson's correlation were used to analyze data. Results: The mean score of OATUH was 17.25 ± 8.6 in the range of 0–36. Technology use at home was significantly associated with gender, education, income, and chronic conditions. Participants without chronic conditions were more likely to use technology, especially out-of-kitchen technology. Age had a negative correlation with OATUH (r = −0.3), out-of-kitchen technology use (r = 0.21), and in-kitchen technology use (r = 0.28). Conclusions: The use of technology was associated with participants' demographics and health characteristics. The results can be integrated with the knowledge base for improving older adults' technology use to enhance their quality of life.","PeriodicalId":160562,"journal":{"name":"International Archives of Health Sciences","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125011153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Arbabi, Atefeh Hadad, Hossein Hooshyar, H. Akbari, S. H. Hosseinpour Mashkani
Aims: In vitro cultivation of digenea would help the development of effective treatments and studies of the biology of the parasites. The goal of the present study was to optimize culture conditions for the maintenance liver fluke, Dicrocoelium dendriticum. Materials and Methods: Forty fresh D. dendriticum were collected from the sheep liver and washed three times with warm Roswell Park Memorial Institute (RPMI) 1640 Medium. The collected worms were transferred to 24-well Nunc-Immuno plates containing RPMI media supplemented with 50% of fetal bovine serum (FBS), 2% of sheep red blood cells (RBCs), 50 IU/ml of penicillin, and 50 mg/ml streptomycin. The mobility of the live/dead worms was observed by inverted microscope. The mean and median survival time was calculated by Kaplan–Meier model, and survival and hazard function graphs were also analyzed. Results: D. dendriticum was lived in vitro only for long periods of about 25 dyes. The 1st day of maintaining in culture media, one worm was dead and the number of dead worms was raised to 40 after 25 days of incubation. On the one hand, the mean survival time was 392 h with a confidence interval (CI) of 95% (384.8–400.03). On the other hand, the median survival time was 420 h with a CI of 95% (406.9–433.09). D. dendriticum was able to be alive in RPMI 1640 media for at least 25 days. Conclusion: RPMI 1640 supplemented with FBS, and RBCs can be used as short-term maintenance for the in vitro culture of D. dendriticum. The outcomes of the current study could be useful for many aspects of parasitological analysis.
目的:对该寄生虫进行体外培养，为开发有效的治疗方法和研究其生物学特性提供依据。本研究的目的是优化维持型肝吸虫树突星的培养条件。材料与方法:从羊肝脏中采集新鲜树形支球菌40株，用温的Roswell Park Memorial Institute (RPMI) 1640培养基清洗3次。将收集到的蠕虫转移到24孔Nunc-Immuno板上，该板含有添加50%胎牛血清(FBS)、2%绵羊红细胞(rbc)、50 IU/ml青霉素和50 mg/ml链霉素的RPMI培养基。倒置显微镜下观察活虫和死虫的移动情况。采用Kaplan-Meier模型计算平均生存时间和中位生存时间，并分析生存和风险函数图。结果:树突木耳仅25种染料在体外存活时间较长。在培养基中培养第1天，死亡1只，孵育25天后，死亡虫数增加到40只。一方面，平均生存时间为392 h，可信区间(CI)为95%(384.8 ~ 400.03)。另一方面，中位生存时间为420 h, CI为95%(406.9-433.09)。树突菌在RPMI 1640培养基中至少能存活25天。结论:RPMI 1640补充FBS和红细胞可作为树突草体外培养的短期维持物。本研究结果可用于许多方面的寄生虫学分析。
{"title":"Maintenance of liver fluke, Dicrocoelium dendriticum, outside the body of its native host","authors":"M. Arbabi, Atefeh Hadad, Hossein Hooshyar, H. Akbari, S. H. Hosseinpour Mashkani","doi":"10.4103/iahs.iahs_92_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/iahs.iahs_92_20","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: In vitro cultivation of digenea would help the development of effective treatments and studies of the biology of the parasites. The goal of the present study was to optimize culture conditions for the maintenance liver fluke, Dicrocoelium dendriticum. Materials and Methods: Forty fresh D. dendriticum were collected from the sheep liver and washed three times with warm Roswell Park Memorial Institute (RPMI) 1640 Medium. The collected worms were transferred to 24-well Nunc-Immuno plates containing RPMI media supplemented with 50% of fetal bovine serum (FBS), 2% of sheep red blood cells (RBCs), 50 IU/ml of penicillin, and 50 mg/ml streptomycin. The mobility of the live/dead worms was observed by inverted microscope. The mean and median survival time was calculated by Kaplan–Meier model, and survival and hazard function graphs were also analyzed. Results: D. dendriticum was lived in vitro only for long periods of about 25 dyes. The 1st day of maintaining in culture media, one worm was dead and the number of dead worms was raised to 40 after 25 days of incubation. On the one hand, the mean survival time was 392 h with a confidence interval (CI) of 95% (384.8–400.03). On the other hand, the median survival time was 420 h with a CI of 95% (406.9–433.09). D. dendriticum was able to be alive in RPMI 1640 media for at least 25 days. Conclusion: RPMI 1640 supplemented with FBS, and RBCs can be used as short-term maintenance for the in vitro culture of D. dendriticum. The outcomes of the current study could be useful for many aspects of parasitological analysis.","PeriodicalId":160562,"journal":{"name":"International Archives of Health Sciences","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114219787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Onoja, F. Sanni, S. Akogu, S. Onoja, A. Abubakar
Aim: This study aimed to compare family planning (FP) services in urban and rural health facilities in Nigeria. Materials and Methods: The study is a cross-sectional study conducted in 204 rural and 198 urban health facilities comprising 182 primary and 216 secondary facilities in Nigeria. A FP client was randomly selected from each of the facilities, and structure questionnaires were used to collect information from them. Data collected include the various types of contraception available, waiting time, and satisfaction with services. Data were analyzed with IBM-SPSS Statistics Version 25.0. Results: The most requested contraceptives methods were injectables (48.2%) and oral contraceptives (22.6%). Most clients in both the rural (76.0%) and urban (76.3%) waited <30 min to see health providers. However, 20.1% of clients in urban health facilities waited for 30–60 min compared to 15.2% in rural areas (P < 0.05). The overall quality of service was 90.0% in rural and 92.9% in urban areas (P < 0.05). Over 90% of both rural and urban clients were satisfied with how providers received them, cleanliness of the facilities, and time spent with care providers but less than half (<50%) were satisfied with the services they received. Significantly higher quality of services was reported by clients in the northern parts of Nigeria (6.74/7) (P < 0.001), whereas client's satisfaction was slightly higher in the South (6.56/7) (P > 0.05). Conclusion: There is a need for an improvement in waiting time and quality of services offered in health facilities. Policymakers should to carry out regular supervision of health facilities and ensure availability of contraceptives in the health facilities at affordable prices in order to improve FP uptake in Nigeria.
目的:本研究旨在比较尼日利亚城市和农村卫生机构的计划生育服务。材料和方法:该研究是一项横断面研究，在尼日利亚的204个农村和198个城市卫生设施中进行，其中包括182个初级和216个二级设施。从每个设施中随机选择一个FP客户，并使用结构问卷收集他们的信息。收集的数据包括可获得的各种避孕方法、等待时间和对服务的满意度。数据分析采用IBM-SPSS Statistics Version 25.0。结果:要求最多的避孕方法为注射(48.2%)和口服(22.6%)。农村(76.0%)和城市(76.3%)的大多数患者等待0.05)。结论:有必要改善卫生设施的候诊时间和服务质量。决策者应对卫生设施进行定期监督，并确保卫生设施以可负担的价格提供避孕药具，以改善尼日利亚计划生育的接受情况。
{"title":"Comparative analysis of family planning services in urban and rural health facilities in Nigeria","authors":"A. Onoja, F. Sanni, S. Akogu, S. Onoja, A. Abubakar","doi":"10.4103/iahs.iahs_60_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/iahs.iahs_60_21","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: This study aimed to compare family planning (FP) services in urban and rural health facilities in Nigeria. Materials and Methods: The study is a cross-sectional study conducted in 204 rural and 198 urban health facilities comprising 182 primary and 216 secondary facilities in Nigeria. A FP client was randomly selected from each of the facilities, and structure questionnaires were used to collect information from them. Data collected include the various types of contraception available, waiting time, and satisfaction with services. Data were analyzed with IBM-SPSS Statistics Version 25.0. Results: The most requested contraceptives methods were injectables (48.2%) and oral contraceptives (22.6%). Most clients in both the rural (76.0%) and urban (76.3%) waited <30 min to see health providers. However, 20.1% of clients in urban health facilities waited for 30–60 min compared to 15.2% in rural areas (P < 0.05). The overall quality of service was 90.0% in rural and 92.9% in urban areas (P < 0.05). Over 90% of both rural and urban clients were satisfied with how providers received them, cleanliness of the facilities, and time spent with care providers but less than half (<50%) were satisfied with the services they received. Significantly higher quality of services was reported by clients in the northern parts of Nigeria (6.74/7) (P < 0.001), whereas client's satisfaction was slightly higher in the South (6.56/7) (P > 0.05). Conclusion: There is a need for an improvement in waiting time and quality of services offered in health facilities. Policymakers should to carry out regular supervision of health facilities and ensure availability of contraceptives in the health facilities at affordable prices in order to improve FP uptake in Nigeria.","PeriodicalId":160562,"journal":{"name":"International Archives of Health Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133342729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aims: The current study determined the faunistic composition, sex ratio, seasonal abundance, and physiological status of sandflies as vectors of leishmaniasis in Abadan County, Khuzestan Province, Iran, during 2015–2016. Materials and Methods: Sandflies were captured using sticky paper traps installed at sunset and collected after sunrise at indoor and outdoor locations. Sandflies were mounted on slides in Puri's medium and identified using diagnostic keys. Results: Overall, 13 species (2 species of Phlebotomus Rondani and Bert 1840 and 11 species of Sergentomyia Franca and Parrot 1920) were identified among the 6173 sandflies collected including Phlebotomus papatasi, Scopoli, 1786 (45.64%); Phlebotomus alexandri, Sinton, 1928 (31.31%); and Sergentomyia sintoni, Pringle, 1953 (15.9%). Four species, including Sergentomyia tiberiadis, Adler, Theodor, and Lourie, 1930; Sergentomyia clydei, Sinton, 1928; Sergentomyia antennata, Newstead, 1912; and Sergentomyia christophersi, Sinton, 1927, are reported for the first time in Abadan. The sex ratios of the sandflies of genus Phlebotomus and Sergentomyia were 362.4 and 92.2 males per 100 females, respectively. The analysis of physiological status of sandflies in outdoors and indoors revealed 61.2% and 71.1% unfed, 2.9% and 4.8% blood-fed, 26.7% and 17.7% semi-gravid, and 9.2% and 6.4% gravid, respectively. Conclusion: P. papatasi and P. alexandri may play important as vectors of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) in Khuzestan Province, due to their high abundance and monthly prevalence in regions affected with CL.
{"title":"Determination of fauna and seasonal activity of phlebotomine sandflies (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae) as vectors of disease agents in Southwestern Iran","authors":"H. Kassiri, R. Nezhad","doi":"10.4103/iahs.iahs_36_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/iahs.iahs_36_21","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: The current study determined the faunistic composition, sex ratio, seasonal abundance, and physiological status of sandflies as vectors of leishmaniasis in Abadan County, Khuzestan Province, Iran, during 2015–2016. Materials and Methods: Sandflies were captured using sticky paper traps installed at sunset and collected after sunrise at indoor and outdoor locations. Sandflies were mounted on slides in Puri's medium and identified using diagnostic keys. Results: Overall, 13 species (2 species of Phlebotomus Rondani and Bert 1840 and 11 species of Sergentomyia Franca and Parrot 1920) were identified among the 6173 sandflies collected including Phlebotomus papatasi, Scopoli, 1786 (45.64%); Phlebotomus alexandri, Sinton, 1928 (31.31%); and Sergentomyia sintoni, Pringle, 1953 (15.9%). Four species, including Sergentomyia tiberiadis, Adler, Theodor, and Lourie, 1930; Sergentomyia clydei, Sinton, 1928; Sergentomyia antennata, Newstead, 1912; and Sergentomyia christophersi, Sinton, 1927, are reported for the first time in Abadan. The sex ratios of the sandflies of genus Phlebotomus and Sergentomyia were 362.4 and 92.2 males per 100 females, respectively. The analysis of physiological status of sandflies in outdoors and indoors revealed 61.2% and 71.1% unfed, 2.9% and 4.8% blood-fed, 26.7% and 17.7% semi-gravid, and 9.2% and 6.4% gravid, respectively. Conclusion: P. papatasi and P. alexandri may play important as vectors of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) in Khuzestan Province, due to their high abundance and monthly prevalence in regions affected with CL.","PeriodicalId":160562,"journal":{"name":"International Archives of Health Sciences","volume":"2015 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128030345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Hassan, Atefeh Takavar, H. Ali, P. Sadighara, K. Ghanati
Aims: Fruit juices, especially lemon juice, are the most targeted food goods for adulteration and fraud in Iran. The aim of this study was to investigate the profile and concentration of free primary amino acids as a marker for adulteration in lemon juice. Materials and Methods: Amino acids were determined with high-performance liquid chromatography fluorescence. The limit of detection and limit of quantification were in the range of 0.008–0.01 ng/ml and 0.03 ng/ml, respectively. Results: The method is suitable for distinguishing authentic juices from drinking products that may contain little or no fruit juice. In our study, total amino acid concentration in natural lemon was 13.15 mmol/l and in other brands was in the range of 1.81–14.84 mmol/l. Further, the concentration of aspartic acid, glutamic acid, asparagine, and serine was more than other amino acids. The findings showed that only brands 1 and 2 were considered similar to natural lemon juice. Conclusion: The present study demonstrated that the concentration of the first four amino acids can use as a marker to determine lemon juice adulteration.
{"title":"Rapid test for traceability assessment in lemon juice by high-performance liquid chromatography fluorescence","authors":"J. Hassan, Atefeh Takavar, H. Ali, P. Sadighara, K. Ghanati","doi":"10.4103/iahs.iahs_31_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/iahs.iahs_31_21","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: Fruit juices, especially lemon juice, are the most targeted food goods for adulteration and fraud in Iran. The aim of this study was to investigate the profile and concentration of free primary amino acids as a marker for adulteration in lemon juice. Materials and Methods: Amino acids were determined with high-performance liquid chromatography fluorescence. The limit of detection and limit of quantification were in the range of 0.008–0.01 ng/ml and 0.03 ng/ml, respectively. Results: The method is suitable for distinguishing authentic juices from drinking products that may contain little or no fruit juice. In our study, total amino acid concentration in natural lemon was 13.15 mmol/l and in other brands was in the range of 1.81–14.84 mmol/l. Further, the concentration of aspartic acid, glutamic acid, asparagine, and serine was more than other amino acids. The findings showed that only brands 1 and 2 were considered similar to natural lemon juice. Conclusion: The present study demonstrated that the concentration of the first four amino acids can use as a marker to determine lemon juice adulteration.","PeriodicalId":160562,"journal":{"name":"International Archives of Health Sciences","volume":"103 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116408425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-01DOI: 10.4103/iahs.iahs_142_20
A. Tamaddon, M. Nezhad, Maliheh Abbasi, S. Seyedhasani, M. Sarmadi, V. Moghaddam
Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) has had a remarkable increase in prevalence during recent years. This study was conducted to evaluate the correlation between prevalence and incidence of MS with the income level and lifestyle condition of countries with considering the effect of latitude. Subjects and Methods: This is an ecological study with secondary data obtained from several sources such as MS International Federation for MS variables data, and World Bank is a reliable source for economic variables. The latitude is also added in all models as an important effective factor. The bivariate correlation and linear regression were used to analyze of data. Results: The prevalence of MS in 2013 (54.06/100,000) increased by 9% in comparison to that in 2008 (49.96/100,000). According to fully adjusted analysis, there were significant positive correlations between income level with the incidence and prevalence of MS in reported 2008 and 2013 (P < 0.05) throughout the world. Our results revealed that the mean MS prevalence estimates in northern hemisphere, especially in North of America and Europe were different with those in the southern hemisphere. Conclusion: MS is more prevalent in high-income countries and the prevalence in developing countries is increasing by economically growth. It seems that environmental factors related to economic determinants are associated with increased incidence and prevalence of MS, further, geographic location continues to influence risk for MS, but these associations require more studies.
{"title":"Environmental factors: Possible reasons for higher incidence and prevalence of multiple sclerosis in high-income countries","authors":"A. Tamaddon, M. Nezhad, Maliheh Abbasi, S. Seyedhasani, M. Sarmadi, V. Moghaddam","doi":"10.4103/iahs.iahs_142_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/iahs.iahs_142_20","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) has had a remarkable increase in prevalence during recent years. This study was conducted to evaluate the correlation between prevalence and incidence of MS with the income level and lifestyle condition of countries with considering the effect of latitude. Subjects and Methods: This is an ecological study with secondary data obtained from several sources such as MS International Federation for MS variables data, and World Bank is a reliable source for economic variables. The latitude is also added in all models as an important effective factor. The bivariate correlation and linear regression were used to analyze of data. Results: The prevalence of MS in 2013 (54.06/100,000) increased by 9% in comparison to that in 2008 (49.96/100,000). According to fully adjusted analysis, there were significant positive correlations between income level with the incidence and prevalence of MS in reported 2008 and 2013 (P < 0.05) throughout the world. Our results revealed that the mean MS prevalence estimates in northern hemisphere, especially in North of America and Europe were different with those in the southern hemisphere. Conclusion: MS is more prevalent in high-income countries and the prevalence in developing countries is increasing by economically growth. It seems that environmental factors related to economic determinants are associated with increased incidence and prevalence of MS, further, geographic location continues to influence risk for MS, but these associations require more studies.","PeriodicalId":160562,"journal":{"name":"International Archives of Health Sciences","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132005914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-01DOI: 10.4103/iahs.iahs_108_20
Mohammadreza Shahsavari, Z. Pirani, D. Taghvaee, Mansour Abdi
Aim: Social participation is necessary for the development process of adolescents. It is crucial to gain maturity through the social activities. Social activities lead to an individual who knows their abilities and actualizes their talents. This study aims to examine the mediating role of self-efficacy in the relation of parenting styles with the social participation of adolescents. Materials and Methods: The research has been carried out by the correlational method. The statistical population included all high school students of Arak. The sample of the study consisted of 510 students (255 boys and 255 girls) who were selected through the cluster sampling method. The instruments of gathering the data were Bumrind's parenting styles questionnaire, Sherer's general self-efficacy scale, and Branigan's eagerness to participate in social activities. Data analysis was performed using the structural equation method with Smart Partial Least Square software(SmartPLS GmbH, New York, USA). Results: The results showed that the direct effect of the permissive parenting style on social participation and its indirect effect through self-efficacy mediation (P <0.05), the direct effect of authoritarian parenting style on social participation, and its indirect effect through self-efficacy mediation (P <0.05), and finally, the direct effect of the authoritative parenting style on social participation and its indirect effect through self-efficacy mediation on social participation was statistically significant (P <0.05). Conclusions: According to the findings, it concluded that self-efficacy plays a significant mediating role in the relationship between parenting styles and the social participation of adolescents. Application and theoretical implications are discussed.
目的:社会参与是青少年发展的必要条件。通过社会活动获得成熟是至关重要的。社会活动使个人认识到自己的能力并实现自己的才能。本研究旨在探讨自我效能感在父母教养方式与青少年社会参与之间的中介作用。材料与方法:采用相关法进行研究。统计人口包括阿拉克的所有高中生。本研究的样本为510名学生，其中男生255名，女生255名，采用整群抽样的方法。收集数据的工具是Bumrind的养育方式问卷，Sherer的一般自我效能量表和Branigan的参与社会活动的渴望。数据分析使用Smart偏最小二乘软件(SmartPLS GmbH, New York, USA)的结构方程法进行。结果:结果表明:宽容型教养方式对社会参与的直接影响及其通过自我效能感中介的间接影响(P <0.05)，权威型教养方式对社会参与的直接影响及其通过自我效能感中介的间接影响(P <0.05);权威型父母教养方式对社会参与的直接影响和自我效能感对社会参与的间接影响均有统计学意义(P <0.05)。结论:自我效能感在父母教养方式与青少年社会参与的关系中起着显著的中介作用。讨论了其应用和理论意义。
{"title":"Study of the mediating role of self-efficacy in the relation of parenting styles with social participation of adolescents","authors":"Mohammadreza Shahsavari, Z. Pirani, D. Taghvaee, Mansour Abdi","doi":"10.4103/iahs.iahs_108_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/iahs.iahs_108_20","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: Social participation is necessary for the development process of adolescents. It is crucial to gain maturity through the social activities. Social activities lead to an individual who knows their abilities and actualizes their talents. This study aims to examine the mediating role of self-efficacy in the relation of parenting styles with the social participation of adolescents. Materials and Methods: The research has been carried out by the correlational method. The statistical population included all high school students of Arak. The sample of the study consisted of 510 students (255 boys and 255 girls) who were selected through the cluster sampling method. The instruments of gathering the data were Bumrind's parenting styles questionnaire, Sherer's general self-efficacy scale, and Branigan's eagerness to participate in social activities. Data analysis was performed using the structural equation method with Smart Partial Least Square software(SmartPLS GmbH, New York, USA). Results: The results showed that the direct effect of the permissive parenting style on social participation and its indirect effect through self-efficacy mediation (P <0.05), the direct effect of authoritarian parenting style on social participation, and its indirect effect through self-efficacy mediation (P <0.05), and finally, the direct effect of the authoritative parenting style on social participation and its indirect effect through self-efficacy mediation on social participation was statistically significant (P <0.05). Conclusions: According to the findings, it concluded that self-efficacy plays a significant mediating role in the relationship between parenting styles and the social participation of adolescents. Application and theoretical implications are discussed.","PeriodicalId":160562,"journal":{"name":"International Archives of Health Sciences","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133787282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-01DOI: 10.4103/iahs.iahs_134_20
M. Goudarzi, A. Farhangi, T. Tizdast, Nasirudin Javidi
Aim: The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy based on health psychology on perfectionism and the quality of life (QOL). Materials and Methods: The plan of research is an experimental design by pretest–posttest and control group. The statistical population consists of all clients referring to Talie Counseling and Psychological Services Center located at region 4 of Tehran, of which 30 individuals who had higher perfectionism tendency based on the structured interview were selected as research sample and placed randomly in two: the two-test group and the control group. The test group went under group cognitive behavioral treatment for 2 months (8 sessions, 90 min/session). To evaluate perfectionism, the rate of them was applied and life quality was evaluated through a short form of life quality questionnaire of WH. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and covariance analysis (MANCOVA). Results: It was found that cognitive behavioral therapy reduced perfectionism and increased the QOL in the experimental group compared to that of the control group. In fact, perfectionism is rooted in dysfunctional thoughts, negative beliefs, and cognitive distortions that are reduced by cognitive behavioral therapy. When a person's perfectionism decreases, the QOL also improves due to the reduction of anxiety. Conclusion: The present study is one of the main applications of health psychology. Cognitive behavioral interventions have an appropriate effect on perfectionism and solving their related problems. It seems that perfectionism is reduced using cognitive behavioral techniques and practices, and finally, the QOL can improve.
{"title":"The effect of cognitive behavioral therapy based on health psychology on perfectionism and quality of life","authors":"M. Goudarzi, A. Farhangi, T. Tizdast, Nasirudin Javidi","doi":"10.4103/iahs.iahs_134_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/iahs.iahs_134_20","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy based on health psychology on perfectionism and the quality of life (QOL). Materials and Methods: The plan of research is an experimental design by pretest–posttest and control group. The statistical population consists of all clients referring to Talie Counseling and Psychological Services Center located at region 4 of Tehran, of which 30 individuals who had higher perfectionism tendency based on the structured interview were selected as research sample and placed randomly in two: the two-test group and the control group. The test group went under group cognitive behavioral treatment for 2 months (8 sessions, 90 min/session). To evaluate perfectionism, the rate of them was applied and life quality was evaluated through a short form of life quality questionnaire of WH. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and covariance analysis (MANCOVA). Results: It was found that cognitive behavioral therapy reduced perfectionism and increased the QOL in the experimental group compared to that of the control group. In fact, perfectionism is rooted in dysfunctional thoughts, negative beliefs, and cognitive distortions that are reduced by cognitive behavioral therapy. When a person's perfectionism decreases, the QOL also improves due to the reduction of anxiety. Conclusion: The present study is one of the main applications of health psychology. Cognitive behavioral interventions have an appropriate effect on perfectionism and solving their related problems. It seems that perfectionism is reduced using cognitive behavioral techniques and practices, and finally, the QOL can improve.","PeriodicalId":160562,"journal":{"name":"International Archives of Health Sciences","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117074306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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