Pub Date : 2021-09-04DOI: 10.9734/jcti/2021/v11i430158
E. Rezkallah, Andrew Elsaify, W. Elsaify
Background: Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) is a rare neuro-endocrine tumor that arises from the C-cells of the thyroid. About 20- 25 % of MTC cases may be associated with hereditary syndromes like MEN 2A, MEN 2B and Familial MTC. The survival rate is related mainly to the age of the patient, stage of the disease and completion of the surgical resection. Methods: Retrospective review of 11 patients who were diagnosed with medullary thyroid cancer in our general surgery department during the period from 2011 to 2021. All patients had preoperative assessment including history taking, clinical examination, tumor marker (calcitonin and CEA), thyroid function testing, ultrasonography and FNAC. All patients underwent genetic assessment to exclude any underlying genetic mutation. Results: The mean age of diagnosis was 57.73 ± 16.45 years of age. Three patients were males and eight were females. All patients had total thyroidectomy, central and lateral neck dissection except one patient who had prophylactic thyroidectomy due to familial inherited RET mutation. Two patients had recurrence; both of them had high-stage tumor (T3 and T4) with multiple cervical lymph nodes metastasis. The sensitivity of serum calcitonin for the detection of MTC was about 98%. Patients, who had localized disease and underwent complete surgical resection, had good overall survival rates compared with patients with advanced disease. Conclusion: MTC represent a heterogeneous group of thyroid cancers. The overall survival is better than that of undifferentiated thyroid cancers. Complete resection of the thyroid tumor and any local or regional metastases provides the only cure for patients with MTC. Further researches are still needed to improve our understanding and management of MTC.
背景:甲状腺髓样癌(MTC)是一种罕见的神经内分泌肿瘤，起源于甲状腺的c细胞。大约20- 25%的MTC病例可能与遗传性综合征如MEN 2A, MEN 2B和家族性MTC有关。生存率主要与患者的年龄、疾病分期和手术切除的完成程度有关。方法:回顾性分析2011年至2021年在我院普外科诊断为甲状腺髓样癌的11例患者。所有患者术前评估包括病史、临床检查、肿瘤标志物(降钙素和CEA)、甲状腺功能检查、超声检查和FNAC。所有患者都进行了基因评估，以排除任何潜在的基因突变。结果:平均诊断年龄为57.73±16.45岁。男性3例，女性8例。除1例患者因家族遗传性RET突变行预防性甲状腺切除术外，所有患者均行甲状腺全切除术、中央及外侧颈部清扫术。2例复发;两例均为高分期肿瘤(T3、T4)伴多发颈部淋巴结转移。血清降钙素检测MTC的敏感性约为98%。与晚期疾病患者相比，局部疾病并接受完全手术切除的患者具有良好的总生存率。结论:MTC是一种异质性的甲状腺癌。总生存率优于未分化甲状腺癌。完全切除甲状腺肿瘤和任何局部或区域转移是MTC患者唯一的治疗方法。我们对MTC的认识和管理还需要进一步的研究。
{"title":"Medullary Thyroid Cancer: Case Series Reports and Literature Review","authors":"E. Rezkallah, Andrew Elsaify, W. Elsaify","doi":"10.9734/jcti/2021/v11i430158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jcti/2021/v11i430158","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) is a rare neuro-endocrine tumor that arises from the C-cells of the thyroid. About 20- 25 % of MTC cases may be associated with hereditary syndromes like MEN 2A, MEN 2B and Familial MTC. The survival rate is related mainly to the age of the patient, stage of the disease and completion of the surgical resection. \u0000Methods: Retrospective review of 11 patients who were diagnosed with medullary thyroid cancer in our general surgery department during the period from 2011 to 2021. All patients had preoperative assessment including history taking, clinical examination, tumor marker (calcitonin and CEA), thyroid function testing, ultrasonography and FNAC. All patients underwent genetic assessment to exclude any underlying genetic mutation. \u0000Results: The mean age of diagnosis was 57.73 ± 16.45 years of age. Three patients were males and eight were females. All patients had total thyroidectomy, central and lateral neck dissection except one patient who had prophylactic thyroidectomy due to familial inherited RET mutation. Two patients had recurrence; both of them had high-stage tumor (T3 and T4) with multiple cervical lymph nodes metastasis. The sensitivity of serum calcitonin for the detection of MTC was about 98%. Patients, who had localized disease and underwent complete surgical resection, had good overall survival rates compared with patients with advanced disease. \u0000Conclusion: MTC represent a heterogeneous group of thyroid cancers. The overall survival is better than that of undifferentiated thyroid cancers. Complete resection of the thyroid tumor and any local or regional metastases provides the only cure for patients with MTC. Further researches are still needed to improve our understanding and management of MTC.","PeriodicalId":161223,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cancer and Tumor International","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128003516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-14DOI: 10.9734/JCTI/2021/V11I430157
A. Vaillant, L. Gardiner, M. Mohammed, M. Surajbally, Luke Maharaj, L. Ramsingh, M. Simon, M. Seegobin, M. Niles, Sehlule Vuma
In this study, we described the most critical risk factors for different malignancies including breast, prostate, lung, and colorectal carcinoma among others, with an emphasis on modifiable risk factors. We revised the literature review about risk factors involved in the genesis of cancer in various databases, including articles indexed in PUBMED, SCOPUS, PMC, and Google Scholar. Awareness of risk factors enables conscious decisions to be made in an effort to combat malignancies. Knowing risk factors is a mode of fighting malignancy. Diet, lifestyle, practises, and laboratory/clinical interventions were among risk factors of diverse malignancy. Diet, lifestyle, laboratory/clinical interventions all contribute to the genesis and prognosis in a variety of malignancies. We concluded that abstaining from risk factors can prevent the development of many malignancies in a century where this conundrum is raising disproportionately. By informing the public about modifiable risk factors cancer mortality rates can be reduced. It is treated here is to make the public aware of the modifiable risks of cancers.
{"title":"Narrative Literature Review on Risk Factors Involved in Lung Cancers, Breast Cancers, Brain Cancers, Gastrointestinal Cancers, Gynecologic Cancers, and Urogenital Cancers","authors":"A. Vaillant, L. Gardiner, M. Mohammed, M. Surajbally, Luke Maharaj, L. Ramsingh, M. Simon, M. Seegobin, M. Niles, Sehlule Vuma","doi":"10.9734/JCTI/2021/V11I430157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/JCTI/2021/V11I430157","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, we described the most critical risk factors for different malignancies including breast, prostate, lung, and colorectal carcinoma among others, with an emphasis on modifiable risk factors. We revised the literature review about risk factors involved in the genesis of cancer in various databases, including articles indexed in PUBMED, SCOPUS, PMC, and Google Scholar. Awareness of risk factors enables conscious decisions to be made in an effort to combat malignancies. Knowing risk factors is a mode of fighting malignancy. Diet, lifestyle, practises, and laboratory/clinical interventions were among risk factors of diverse malignancy. Diet, lifestyle, laboratory/clinical interventions all contribute to the genesis and prognosis in a variety of malignancies. We concluded that abstaining from risk factors can prevent the development of many malignancies in a century where this conundrum is raising disproportionately. By informing the public about modifiable risk factors cancer mortality rates can be reduced. It is treated here is to make the public aware of the modifiable risks of cancers.","PeriodicalId":161223,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cancer and Tumor International","volume":"109 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121396408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-12DOI: 10.9734/JCTI/2021/V11I430156
R. Sharma, P. Dattatreya, A. Suresh, C. Vamsy
Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma (ATC) is an aggressive rare form of caner with limited treatment options and short survival. In view of initial case reports have shown some good clinical response with lenvatinib, we used the same in our institute. We are presenting a retrospective series of 4 cases between 2018-2021. It showed very promising results with 75% showing clinically meaningful regression of tumor. Hypertension is the most common side effect, which should be aggressively managed. We feel that, lenvatinib remains a safe and effective option to explore in patients with refractory anaplastic thyroid carcinoma.
{"title":"Lenvatinib in Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma (ATC) in a Tertiary Caner Hospital- a Single Institute Experience","authors":"R. Sharma, P. Dattatreya, A. Suresh, C. Vamsy","doi":"10.9734/JCTI/2021/V11I430156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/JCTI/2021/V11I430156","url":null,"abstract":"Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma (ATC) is an aggressive rare form of caner with limited treatment options and short survival. In view of initial case reports have shown some good clinical response with lenvatinib, we used the same in our institute. We are presenting a retrospective series of 4 cases between 2018-2021. It showed very promising results with 75% showing clinically meaningful regression of tumor. Hypertension is the most common side effect, which should be aggressively managed. We feel that, lenvatinib remains a safe and effective option to explore in patients with refractory anaplastic thyroid carcinoma.","PeriodicalId":161223,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cancer and Tumor International","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122247078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-07DOI: 10.9734/JCTI/2021/V11I430155
O. Erdoğan, A. Parlakgumus, U. Topal, Uğraş Daban, Z. A. Taş, O. Irkorucu
Aims: Spleen masses, which are discovered on imaging studies, usually create difficulty in diagnosis and treatment. Except for lymphomas involving the spleen, primary and secondary neoplasms are rare and discovered by chance. This study analyses a series of splenectomies in a surgical clinic to evaluate the management of incidentally diagnosed splenic masses. Study Design: This retrospective study included patients operated for spleen masses between 2010 and 2021. Patients with a history of lymphoproliferative disease and splenectomy performed as part of a larger resection were excluded. Methodology: The patients were divided into three groups, i.e. cystic, benign and malignant, based on the results of pathological examinations. The groups were compared in terms of age, gender, tumor size, and previous history of malignancy. Results: Splenectomy was performed in 512 patients in 11 years, 62 of whom had solid and cystic lesions detected on imaging. Thirty-five patients (56,5%) were female and the median age was 40 years (range: 18-80 years). Forty-four patients (71%) had distinct symptoms. Radiological evaluations of all the patients were made. Diagnostic biopsy could not be performed in any of the patients. The final pathological examination showed cysts in 38 patients (61,3%), benign lesions in nine patients (14,5%) and malignant lesions in 15 patients (24,2%). Out of 15 patients with malignant lesions, one patient had Hodgkin’s lymphoma, four patients had diffuse large B cell lymphoma and ten patients had metastatic tumors. There was a significant difference in age between the groups and the malignant group was older (p = 0.017). The size of the lesions also significantly differed and the malignant lesions had a significantly smaller diameter (p = 0.014). A significantly higher rate of the malignant group had a previous history of cancer (p˂0,001). Conclusion: Spleen neoplasms are masses that are difficult to diagnose. Most of them are asymptomatic and are found after splenectomies by coincidence. Splenectomy can be utilized as both a diagnostic and curative method. It should be kept in mind that the lesions detected in the spleen in patients with a history of malignancy can be metastatic.
{"title":"Analysis of Patients Undergoing Splenectomy for Spleen Masses","authors":"O. Erdoğan, A. Parlakgumus, U. Topal, Uğraş Daban, Z. A. Taş, O. Irkorucu","doi":"10.9734/JCTI/2021/V11I430155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/JCTI/2021/V11I430155","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: Spleen masses, which are discovered on imaging studies, usually create difficulty in diagnosis and treatment. Except for lymphomas involving the spleen, primary and secondary neoplasms are rare and discovered by chance. This study analyses a series of splenectomies in a surgical clinic to evaluate the management of incidentally diagnosed splenic masses. \u0000Study Design: This retrospective study included patients operated for spleen masses between 2010 and 2021. Patients with a history of lymphoproliferative disease and splenectomy performed as part of a larger resection were excluded. \u0000Methodology: The patients were divided into three groups, i.e. cystic, benign and malignant, based on the results of pathological examinations. The groups were compared in terms of age, gender, tumor size, and previous history of malignancy. \u0000Results: Splenectomy was performed in 512 patients in 11 years, 62 of whom had solid and cystic lesions detected on imaging. Thirty-five patients (56,5%) were female and the median age was 40 years (range: 18-80 years). Forty-four patients (71%) had distinct symptoms. Radiological evaluations of all the patients were made. Diagnostic biopsy could not be performed in any of the patients. The final pathological examination showed cysts in 38 patients (61,3%), benign lesions in nine patients (14,5%) and malignant lesions in 15 patients (24,2%). Out of 15 patients with malignant lesions, one patient had Hodgkin’s lymphoma, four patients had diffuse large B cell lymphoma and ten patients had metastatic tumors. There was a significant difference in age between the groups and the malignant group was older (p = 0.017). The size of the lesions also significantly differed and the malignant lesions had a significantly smaller diameter (p = 0.014). A significantly higher rate of the malignant group had a previous history of cancer (p˂0,001). \u0000Conclusion: Spleen neoplasms are masses that are difficult to diagnose. Most of them are asymptomatic and are found after splenectomies by coincidence. Splenectomy can be utilized as both a diagnostic and curative method. It should be kept in mind that the lesions detected in the spleen in patients with a history of malignancy can be metastatic.","PeriodicalId":161223,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cancer and Tumor International","volume":"273 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122934780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-25DOI: 10.9734/JCTI/2021/V11I330151
B. Oven, A. Nanah, Nursena Kalyenci, Umay Çelik, S. Çelik, Levent Emirzeoğlu
Aim: The aim of this study is to determine the effect of smartphone screen time on general health status of adult patients with cancer compared to healthy participants in a Turkish population amidst the COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and Methods: 146 participants took part in this study, 81 of them were cancer patients. The mean screen time throughout their last week was obtained from the smartphones of all participants. The health status of participants was analyzed via the General Health Survey (GHS) which was a self-reported questionnaire including 12 items rated on a Likert scale. The relationship between screen time and GHS score and related factors for participants was compared. Results: The median screen time and GHS of participants were 180 minutes (10-945) and 13.5 (4-28), respectively. After screen time was categorized in respect to the mean of 180 minutes, A younger age (p=0.007), higher educational status (p=0.03), and early-stage disease (p=0.03) were each associated with increased screen time. Cancer stage had a correlation with GHS (add p value and correlation coefficient). While educational level was positively related with screen time (r=0.216, p=0.009), age (r=-0.471, p<0.001) and cancer stage (r=-0.332, p=0.03) were negatively correlated. Screen time was not found to be associated with GHS scores in both cancer patients and healthy participants. Conclusion: Although smartphone usage has been increasing secondary to the dependence on social networks and increasing in-person restrictions, it did not affect the mental wellbeing among patients with cancer nor healthy participants.
{"title":"The Association between Smartphone usage and General Health in Adult Cancer Patients: A Study of the Turkish Population during the COVID-19 Pandemic","authors":"B. Oven, A. Nanah, Nursena Kalyenci, Umay Çelik, S. Çelik, Levent Emirzeoğlu","doi":"10.9734/JCTI/2021/V11I330151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/JCTI/2021/V11I330151","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: The aim of this study is to determine the effect of smartphone screen time on general health status of adult patients with cancer compared to healthy participants in a Turkish population amidst the COVID-19 pandemic. \u0000Materials and Methods: 146 participants took part in this study, 81 of them were cancer patients. The mean screen time throughout their last week was obtained from the smartphones of all participants. The health status of participants was analyzed via the General Health Survey (GHS) which was a self-reported questionnaire including 12 items rated on a Likert scale. The relationship between screen time and GHS score and related factors for participants was compared. \u0000Results: The median screen time and GHS of participants were 180 minutes (10-945) and 13.5 (4-28), respectively. After screen time was categorized in respect to the mean of 180 minutes, A younger age (p=0.007), higher educational status (p=0.03), and early-stage disease (p=0.03) were each associated with increased screen time. Cancer stage had a correlation with GHS (add p value and correlation coefficient). While educational level was positively related with screen time (r=0.216, p=0.009), age (r=-0.471, p<0.001) and cancer stage (r=-0.332, p=0.03) were negatively correlated. Screen time was not found to be associated with GHS scores in both cancer patients and healthy participants. \u0000Conclusion: Although smartphone usage has been increasing secondary to the dependence on social networks and increasing in-person restrictions, it did not affect the mental wellbeing among patients with cancer nor healthy participants. ","PeriodicalId":161223,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cancer and Tumor International","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124347898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-23DOI: 10.9734/JCTI/2021/V11I130143
Nora Shaband, Niveen Abotouk, M. Elawadi, Saleh Ta-Ema
Aims: To assess the safety and efficacy of chemo-radiotherapy before radical surgery in locally advanced gastric and gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma. Study Design: This was a prospective phase Ⅱ single arm study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Clinical Oncology and Nuclear Medicine, Mansoura University Hospital, Mansoura, Egypt, between May 2017 and June 2019. Methodology: Patients with pathologically proven gastric or gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma are included. They received one cycle of induction chemotherapy paclitaxel-carboplatin, [paclitaxel dose of 175 mg/m2, carboplatin dose of (AUC: 5)], followed by CCRT [RT 45 Gy over 25 fractions over 5 weeks concurrent with weekly paclitaxel at a dose of 50 mg/m2, carboplatin at a dose of (AUC: 2)], followed by surgery and 2 cycles of paclitaxel-carboplatin for responders. Results: The study included 24 patients. Most of the patients were diagnosed at stage III (83.3%). There were no major side effects of the induction chemotherapy cycle. There were no reported grade 3 or 4 toxicities for the CCRT. Only two patients suffered from late radiation toxicities (distal esophageal stenosis). Pathological complete response was achieved in seven patients (31.8%). Twenty-two patients had surgical resection with a 95% resection margin zero. The median follow-up time was 22.5 months. The median progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were 23, 23.5 months, respectively. Conclusion: The preliminary data suggested good efficacy of the studied treatment design with acceptable adverse-event rates, however a larger multicentric phase 3 trial with a longer follow-up duration is recommended.
{"title":"Induction Chemotherapy Followed by Concurrent Chemo-Radiotherapy for Locally Advanced Gastro-Esophageal and Gastric Carcinoma","authors":"Nora Shaband, Niveen Abotouk, M. Elawadi, Saleh Ta-Ema","doi":"10.9734/JCTI/2021/V11I130143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/JCTI/2021/V11I130143","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: To assess the safety and efficacy of chemo-radiotherapy before radical surgery in locally advanced gastric and gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma. \u0000Study Design: This was a prospective phase Ⅱ single arm study. \u0000Place and Duration of Study: Department of Clinical Oncology and Nuclear Medicine, Mansoura University Hospital, Mansoura, Egypt, between May 2017 and June 2019. \u0000Methodology: Patients with pathologically proven gastric or gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma are included. They received one cycle of induction chemotherapy paclitaxel-carboplatin, [paclitaxel dose of 175 mg/m2, carboplatin dose of (AUC: 5)], followed by CCRT [RT 45 Gy over 25 fractions over 5 weeks concurrent with weekly paclitaxel at a dose of 50 mg/m2, carboplatin at a dose of (AUC: 2)], followed by surgery and 2 cycles of paclitaxel-carboplatin for responders. \u0000Results: The study included 24 patients. Most of the patients were diagnosed at stage III (83.3%). There were no major side effects of the induction chemotherapy cycle. There were no reported grade 3 or 4 toxicities for the CCRT. Only two patients suffered from late radiation toxicities (distal esophageal stenosis). Pathological complete response was achieved in seven patients (31.8%). Twenty-two patients had surgical resection with a 95% resection margin zero. The median follow-up time was 22.5 months. The median progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were 23, 23.5 months, respectively. \u0000Conclusion: The preliminary data suggested good efficacy of the studied treatment design with acceptable adverse-event rates, however a larger multicentric phase 3 trial with a longer follow-up duration is recommended.","PeriodicalId":161223,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cancer and Tumor International","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130824711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-26DOI: 10.9734/jcti/2020/v10i430135
A. Arora, M. Saini, N. Chauhan, Mayank Bhasin, S. Saini
Aims: Metastasis to axillary lymph nodes is an important prognostic factor in carcinoma breast patients, with implications on overall survival and progression-free survival. To evaluate the accuracy of pre-operative clinical palpation and USG axilla in patients with carcinoma breast, using histopathology as the gold standard. Study Design: Cross-sectional observational study. Place and Duration of Study: This was a retrospective study, carried out at Cancer Research Institute, SRHU, India, between January 2015 and December 2018. Methodology: Data was collected from Case records and Hospital Information System for patients having undergone surgery for breast cancer. Pre-treatment clinical, ultrasound axilla, and final histopathology details were recorded. Taking histopathology as the gold standard test, diagnostic accuracy of clinical palpation and ultrasound axilla was calculated. Results: 256 patients were enrolled in the study. Clinically, 70.7% of patients were T1/T2 stage, 53.9% were node-positive, on USG axilla 59% had abnormal nodes, pathologically 53.52% had nodal metastasis. The sensitivity, specificity for clinical palpation was 77.86% and 75%, for USG was 90.71% and 79.31%. Sensitivity and specificity of USG in c T1/2 was 88.64% and 80.21%; in c T3/4 94.23% and 65.22%; in c N negative 87% and 72.16%; in c N positive 91.74% and 75.86%. Conclusion: The diagnostic accuracy of clinical palpation of axilla alone was low; Ultrasound axilla had high sensitivity but low specificity across all T stages of breast tumor. The ultrasound had a high negative predictive value in clinically non-palpable nodes and a high positive predictive value in clinically palpable nodes.
{"title":"The Sensitivity and Specificity of Preoperative Staging of Axillary Nodes in Cancer Breast Patients","authors":"A. Arora, M. Saini, N. Chauhan, Mayank Bhasin, S. Saini","doi":"10.9734/jcti/2020/v10i430135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jcti/2020/v10i430135","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: Metastasis to axillary lymph nodes is an important prognostic factor in carcinoma breast patients, with implications on overall survival and progression-free survival. To evaluate the accuracy of pre-operative clinical palpation and USG axilla in patients with carcinoma breast, using histopathology as the gold standard. \u0000Study Design: Cross-sectional observational study. \u0000Place and Duration of Study: This was a retrospective study, carried out at Cancer Research Institute, SRHU, India, between January 2015 and December 2018. \u0000Methodology: Data was collected from Case records and Hospital Information System for patients having undergone surgery for breast cancer. Pre-treatment clinical, ultrasound axilla, and final histopathology details were recorded. Taking histopathology as the gold standard test, diagnostic accuracy of clinical palpation and ultrasound axilla was calculated. \u0000Results: 256 patients were enrolled in the study. Clinically, 70.7% of patients were T1/T2 stage, 53.9% were node-positive, on USG axilla 59% had abnormal nodes, pathologically 53.52% had nodal metastasis. The sensitivity, specificity for clinical palpation was 77.86% and 75%, for USG was 90.71% and 79.31%. Sensitivity and specificity of USG in c T1/2 was 88.64% and 80.21%; in c T3/4 94.23% and 65.22%; in c N negative 87% and 72.16%; in c N positive 91.74% and 75.86%. \u0000Conclusion: The diagnostic accuracy of clinical palpation of axilla alone was low; Ultrasound axilla had high sensitivity but low specificity across all T stages of breast tumor. The ultrasound had a high negative predictive value in clinically non-palpable nodes and a high positive predictive value in clinically palpable nodes.","PeriodicalId":161223,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cancer and Tumor International","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128783727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-05DOI: 10.9734/jcti/2020/v10i230123
Y. Bolukbasi, U. Selek, D. Sezen, N. Durankus, E. Y. Akdemir, S. Senyurek, A. Kucuk, B. Pehlivan, E. Topkan
Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) has been utilized broadly for brain metastases not only for intact ones but as well as of late for the postoperative cavity of metastases after surgery, due to the advantages of SRS to preserve neurocognitive functions, maintain local control and prescribe the treatment in a short time frame. Randomized trials have proven the safety and efficacy of cavity SRS compared to observation. As WBRT offers no survival advantage in comparison to SRS and frequent monitorization with brain MRIs for early salvage upon failure, there has been a revolution in clinical approach for patients with limited intact brain metastases to treat with SRS only and omit WBRT. Likewise, the postoperative cavity SRS for brain metastases has gained a growing reputation. In this review, we summarize the proof for evidence-based optimization in the postoperative setting of the surgically removed brain metastases.
{"title":"Tumor Cavity Stereotactic Radiosurgery for Resected Brain Metastases","authors":"Y. Bolukbasi, U. Selek, D. Sezen, N. Durankus, E. Y. Akdemir, S. Senyurek, A. Kucuk, B. Pehlivan, E. Topkan","doi":"10.9734/jcti/2020/v10i230123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jcti/2020/v10i230123","url":null,"abstract":"Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) has been utilized broadly for brain metastases not only for intact ones but as well as of late for the postoperative cavity of metastases after surgery, due to the advantages of SRS to preserve neurocognitive functions, maintain local control and prescribe the treatment in a short time frame. Randomized trials have proven the safety and efficacy of cavity SRS compared to observation. As WBRT offers no survival advantage in comparison to SRS and frequent monitorization with brain MRIs for early salvage upon failure, there has been a revolution in clinical approach for patients with limited intact brain metastases to treat with SRS only and omit WBRT. Likewise, the postoperative cavity SRS for brain metastases has gained a growing reputation. In this review, we summarize the proof for evidence-based optimization in the postoperative setting of the surgically removed brain metastases.","PeriodicalId":161223,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cancer and Tumor International","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114288366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-30DOI: 10.9734/jcti/2020/v10i230122
E. Topkan, A. Kucuk, S. Senyurek, D. Sezen, N. Durankus, E. Y. Akdemir, Y. Saglam, Y. Bolukbasi, B. Pehlivan, U. Selek
As a notable cause of cancer-related morbidity and mortality, brain metastases (BMs) represent the most prevalent intracranial tumors arising in up to 40% of all adult solid tumors during the course of treatment. Intracranial stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) or fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy (FSRT) gained wide appreciation by the radiation oncology communities for the treatment of BM with regards to the grim prognosis of such patients after alternative therapies, including the whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT). Additional concerns on the neurocognitive deterioration and comparably low tumor control rates offered by the conventional WBRT further quickened the implementation of SRS to the daily practice of radiation oncology clinics. However, the striking diversities among the treatment algorithms and the treatment planning systems of the gamma knife-, linear accelerator- (LINAC), tomotherapy-, robotic Cyberknife-, or the proton therapy-based SRS render the administration of SRS/FSRT challenging. Acknowledging these difficulties, the present review intended to offer a thorough outline of the main principals of the SRS/FSRT technique from the initial patient fixation to the final machine and dose delivery quality assurance treads.
{"title":"Radiosurgery Techniques for Brain Metastases","authors":"E. Topkan, A. Kucuk, S. Senyurek, D. Sezen, N. Durankus, E. Y. Akdemir, Y. Saglam, Y. Bolukbasi, B. Pehlivan, U. Selek","doi":"10.9734/jcti/2020/v10i230122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jcti/2020/v10i230122","url":null,"abstract":"As a notable cause of cancer-related morbidity and mortality, brain metastases (BMs) represent the most prevalent intracranial tumors arising in up to 40% of all adult solid tumors during the course of treatment. Intracranial stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) or fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy (FSRT) gained wide appreciation by the radiation oncology communities for the treatment of BM with regards to the grim prognosis of such patients after alternative therapies, including the whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT). Additional concerns on the neurocognitive deterioration and comparably low tumor control rates offered by the conventional WBRT further quickened the implementation of SRS to the daily practice of radiation oncology clinics. However, the striking diversities among the treatment algorithms and the treatment planning systems of the gamma knife-, linear accelerator- (LINAC), tomotherapy-, robotic Cyberknife-, or the proton therapy-based SRS render the administration of SRS/FSRT challenging. Acknowledging these difficulties, the present review intended to offer a thorough outline of the main principals of the SRS/FSRT technique from the initial patient fixation to the final machine and dose delivery quality assurance treads.","PeriodicalId":161223,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cancer and Tumor International","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125283938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-11-26DOI: 10.9734/jcti/2019/v9i330111
E. Akwiwu, A. Okafor, J. Akpotuzor, E. E. Onukak
Aims: To assess tumour suppressing activity and ongoing coagulation among persons living with HIV infection and accessing care in the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Nigeria. Study Design: Case-control study. Place and Duration of Study: University of Calabar Teaching Hospital Calabar, Nigeria, between April 2018 and November 2018. Methods: Ninety persons living with HIV infection who were attending clinics at the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital were enrolled with ninety age and sex-matched HIV seronegative individuals who served as control subjects. The blood specimen was collected from each participant for analyses of CD4 cell and full blood counts by automation, serum was used for the assays of P53 protein and D-dimer levels using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay test kits. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 22.0. Student t-test was used to compare means between test and control subjects. One-way analysis of variance was used to compare means across the HAART-naïve and two other groups on different HAART protocols. Statistical significance was drawn at a p≤ 0.05. Results: The CD4 cell count and P53 protein level reduced while D-dimer level increased in HIV infection. Platelet count also reduced while platelet distribution width increased with the condition. While CD4 cell count improved with Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy administration, D-dimer level, mean platelet volume and platelet distribution width reduced. Conclusion: This study observed reduced tumour suppression and increased coagulation activities alongside immunosuppression in HIV infection.
{"title":"Reduced P53 Protein Level and Evidence of Ongoing Coagulation among HIV-Infected Persons Accessing Treatment at University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Nigeria","authors":"E. Akwiwu, A. Okafor, J. Akpotuzor, E. E. Onukak","doi":"10.9734/jcti/2019/v9i330111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jcti/2019/v9i330111","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: To assess tumour suppressing activity and ongoing coagulation among persons living with HIV infection and accessing care in the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Nigeria. \u0000Study Design: Case-control study. \u0000Place and Duration of Study: University of Calabar Teaching Hospital Calabar, Nigeria, between April 2018 and November 2018. \u0000Methods: Ninety persons living with HIV infection who were attending clinics at the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital were enrolled with ninety age and sex-matched HIV seronegative individuals who served as control subjects. The blood specimen was collected from each participant for analyses of CD4 cell and full blood counts by automation, serum was used for the assays of P53 protein and D-dimer levels using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay test kits. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 22.0. Student t-test was used to compare means between test and control subjects. One-way analysis of variance was used to compare means across the HAART-naïve and two other groups on different HAART protocols. Statistical significance was drawn at a p≤ 0.05. \u0000Results: The CD4 cell count and P53 protein level reduced while D-dimer level increased in HIV infection. Platelet count also reduced while platelet distribution width increased with the condition. While CD4 cell count improved with Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy administration, D-dimer level, mean platelet volume and platelet distribution width reduced. \u0000Conclusion: This study observed reduced tumour suppression and increased coagulation activities alongside immunosuppression in HIV infection.","PeriodicalId":161223,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cancer and Tumor International","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131456472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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