Pub Date : 2022-07-28DOI: 10.9734/jcti/2022/v12i430182
E. S. Amadi, M. N. Amaewhule, C. Okejim
Background: Hidrocystoma is a rare benign swelling(tumour) of sweat glands also known as the cystic form of hidroadenoma, cystadenomas, sudoriferous cysts, and Moll’s gland. It has no racial or sex predilection. Its rarity and site of occurrence makes its management challenging due to limitation in knowledge of making diagnosis, treatment, availability of drugs and interventions and aesthetic concerns. Presentation of Case: A 35 year old Nigerian woman from the Igbo ethnic group with tertiary level of education who presented to the dermatology outpatient clinic with a 10 year history of recurrent peri-orbital swelling associated with occasional pruritus. There was no history of similar lesion in any family member. Patient had resorted to self-medication and consulted different doctors prior to being referred to the dermatologist. Her physical examination was normal. She was also counselled about the disease and management options. She subsequently received seven sessions of the chemo-ablation using trichloroacetic acid (TCA) with remarkable improvement and has had no recurrence of lesions for the past 1 year. Conclusion: Hidrocystomas can be successfully treated in our environment.
{"title":"A Case Report of Management of Multiple Peri-orbital Cysts (Eccrine Hidrocystoma) in a 35-Year Old Woman","authors":"E. S. Amadi, M. N. Amaewhule, C. Okejim","doi":"10.9734/jcti/2022/v12i430182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jcti/2022/v12i430182","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Hidrocystoma is a rare benign swelling(tumour) of sweat glands also known as the cystic form of hidroadenoma, cystadenomas, sudoriferous cysts, and Moll’s gland. It has no racial or sex predilection. Its rarity and site of occurrence makes its management challenging due to limitation in knowledge of making diagnosis, treatment, availability of drugs and interventions and aesthetic concerns. \u0000Presentation of Case: A 35 year old Nigerian woman from the Igbo ethnic group with tertiary level of education who presented to the dermatology outpatient clinic with a 10 year history of recurrent peri-orbital swelling associated with occasional pruritus. There was no history of similar lesion in any family member. Patient had resorted to self-medication and consulted different doctors prior to being referred to the dermatologist. Her physical examination was normal. She was also counselled about the disease and management options. She subsequently received seven sessions of the chemo-ablation using trichloroacetic acid (TCA) with remarkable improvement and has had no recurrence of lesions for the past 1 year. \u0000Conclusion: Hidrocystomas can be successfully treated in our environment.","PeriodicalId":161223,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cancer and Tumor International","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132852516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-22DOI: 10.9734/jcti/2022/v12i330181
L. Derkyi-Kwarteng, L. Fondjo, P. Akakpo, E. Aidoo, A. Brown, Ellen Ola, S. K. A. Adjei, Francis Agyemang
Background: Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a unique heterogenous subtypes of breast cancer which is characterized by negative estrogen, progesterone, and human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER-2) status. TNBC displays different molecular phenotype with which basal-like tumour can be identified using high molecular weight basal cytokeratin 5/6 (CK5/6). Methods: Ninety-five (95) formalin fixed cases from Korle Bu Teaching Hospital in Ghana’s (KBTH) archives were sampled in a retrospective study from 2012-2016. Blocks of these triple-negative breast cancer was subclassified using CK5/6 and Androgen Receptor (AR) antibodies. Subclasses were also identified. Results and Conclusion: In all ninety-five (95) TNBC cases, hormonal subtyping was sub-classified using CK 5/6 and AR. The mean ±SD of these cases was recorded as 53.96 (±13.56) years and the age range of these cases was 22-104 years. The average size (±SD) of the tumour was recorded to be 14.43(±7.62) and it had a range of 2.4-45cm. lymph nodes retrieved also had a mean ± SD of 10.35(±6.05) with an average tumour lymph nodes involvement of 2.6(± 3.697). Invasive Ductal carcinoma was identified as the commonest histologic type of TNBC with approximately 95% of the cases. This was followed by invasive lobular (2.1%), medullary carcinoma (2.1%) and metaplastic carcinoma (1.1%). Approximately 30% of TNBC stained positive for CK5/6. It can however be concluded that, most TNBC are not basal-like when the basal marker CK5/6 is used.
{"title":"Sub-Classification of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer using Androgen Receptor and Cytokeratin 5/6","authors":"L. Derkyi-Kwarteng, L. Fondjo, P. Akakpo, E. Aidoo, A. Brown, Ellen Ola, S. K. A. Adjei, Francis Agyemang","doi":"10.9734/jcti/2022/v12i330181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jcti/2022/v12i330181","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a unique heterogenous subtypes of breast cancer which is characterized by negative estrogen, progesterone, and human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER-2) status. TNBC displays different molecular phenotype with which basal-like tumour can be identified using high molecular weight basal cytokeratin 5/6 (CK5/6). \u0000Methods: Ninety-five (95) formalin fixed cases from Korle Bu Teaching Hospital in Ghana’s (KBTH) archives were sampled in a retrospective study from 2012-2016. Blocks of these triple-negative breast cancer was subclassified using CK5/6 and Androgen Receptor (AR) antibodies. Subclasses were also identified. \u0000Results and Conclusion: In all ninety-five (95) TNBC cases, hormonal subtyping was sub-classified using CK 5/6 and AR. The mean ±SD of these cases was recorded as 53.96 (±13.56) years and the age range of these cases was 22-104 years. The average size (±SD) of the tumour was recorded to be 14.43(±7.62) and it had a range of 2.4-45cm. lymph nodes retrieved also had a mean ± SD of 10.35(±6.05) with an average tumour lymph nodes involvement of 2.6(± 3.697). \u0000Invasive Ductal carcinoma was identified as the commonest histologic type of TNBC with approximately 95% of the cases. This was followed by invasive lobular (2.1%), medullary carcinoma (2.1%) and metaplastic carcinoma (1.1%). \u0000Approximately 30% of TNBC stained positive for CK5/6. \u0000It can however be concluded that, most TNBC are not basal-like when the basal marker CK5/6 is used.","PeriodicalId":161223,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cancer and Tumor International","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133052661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-02DOI: 10.9734/jcti/2022/v12i330180
A. Justiz-Vaillant, L. Gardiner, L. Maharaj, M. Mohammed, M. Niles, L. Ramsingh, M. Seegobin, M. Simon, M. Surajbally
The prevalence of risk factors for cancer among demographics, such as age, gender, and ethnicity, as well as lifestyle choices such as alcohol consumption, smoking, and diet were explored in a Trinidadian population. This cross-sectional study was conducted with participants aged 18 years and older with no personal history of cancer. An online questionnaire was created using SurveyMonkey software and distributed via social media platforms to invite eligible persons to participate. The data were analyzed, and descriptive statistics were generated using SPSS 27. A total of 478 valid responses were obtained. Females comprised 72% of the study population, while males comprised 28%. Most participants fell within the 35-44 age bracket (106 persons), followed by the 18-24 age group (100 persons). At least 18.83% of the participants were over 55 years old. Regarding ethnicity, the majority of participants were either Afro-Trinidadian (38.70%), Indo-Trinidadian (28.66%), or mixed (25.52%). It was also found that most respondents did not drink or smoke (61.1%), although 3.3% of respondents smoke and 15.7% drink once a week. Of the participants, 63.2% had no dietary restrictions, and less than 20.0% were overweight, consumed fast food, red meats, and smoked foods. The most prevalent risk factors for cancer among this target population were family history, age, diet, and weight. Changes to one’s diet, increased physical activity, and proper weight management can help reduce the risk of developing cancer, as well as secondary risk factors.
{"title":"Prevalence of Risk Factors and Lifestyle Choices Associated with Increased Cancer in Participants from Trinidad and Tobago","authors":"A. Justiz-Vaillant, L. Gardiner, L. Maharaj, M. Mohammed, M. Niles, L. Ramsingh, M. Seegobin, M. Simon, M. Surajbally","doi":"10.9734/jcti/2022/v12i330180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jcti/2022/v12i330180","url":null,"abstract":"The prevalence of risk factors for cancer among demographics, such as age, gender, and ethnicity, as well as lifestyle choices such as alcohol consumption, smoking, and diet were explored in a Trinidadian population. This cross-sectional study was conducted with participants aged 18 years and older with no personal history of cancer. An online questionnaire was created using SurveyMonkey software and distributed via social media platforms to invite eligible persons to participate. The data were analyzed, and descriptive statistics were generated using SPSS 27. A total of 478 valid responses were obtained. Females comprised 72% of the study population, while males comprised 28%. Most participants fell within the 35-44 age bracket (106 persons), followed by the 18-24 age group (100 persons). At least 18.83% of the participants were over 55 years old. Regarding ethnicity, the majority of participants were either Afro-Trinidadian (38.70%), Indo-Trinidadian (28.66%), or mixed (25.52%). It was also found that most respondents did not drink or smoke (61.1%), although 3.3% of respondents smoke and 15.7% drink once a week. Of the participants, 63.2% had no dietary restrictions, and less than 20.0% were overweight, consumed fast food, red meats, and smoked foods. The most prevalent risk factors for cancer among this target population were family history, age, diet, and weight. Changes to one’s diet, increased physical activity, and proper weight management can help reduce the risk of developing cancer, as well as secondary risk factors.","PeriodicalId":161223,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cancer and Tumor International","volume":"125 14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134091441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-30DOI: 10.9734/jcti/2022/v12i330179
Aref Chelal, Ashraf Alakkad, S. Melki
A 30-year-old male patient presented with a mixed complaint. He initially had developed complaints of backache two months ago. This pain was accompanied by the formation of two lumps in the back in the upper and lower regions. However, this was not the reason behind him presenting to the hospital. He complained of hoarseness of the voice, which seemed to have no background. The man is neither an alcoholic nor a smoker. He has no significant medical or surgical history. His work history also remains unrelated to the hoarseness of his voice, as he is not required to speak loudly, which is typically linked to over exertion of the vocal cords. Upon examination, it was learned that the two lumps that the patient had initially observed had grown in number. Now, there were several lumps on his back and shoulder regions. When this particular observation, coupled with the hoarseness of voice, was investigated via diagnostic imaging techniques such as X-ray, CT, and MRI, it was discovered that the patient was suffering from Grade IV Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma. The cancer had progressed significantly as there was numerous organ involvement observed. The liver, adrenal glands, lungs, subcutaneous tissues, and muscles were all seen to be involved. Along with this, he had also developed bilateral deep vein thrombosis on both his lower limbs. Although the patient had no significant symptoms that could have forced an earlier diagnosis, it was evident that the carcinoma was pancreato-biliary in origin. The patient is now undergoing his chemotherapy, and so far, he has shown a remarkable ‘partial’ response to his treatment cycles. Therefore, a good prognosis is hoped if the progress remains the same over time. This case study aims to reflect on all the possible angles of this patient’s presentation. It is also the utmost priority to correlate and investigate the link of his hoarseness with his actual cancer. This case study will guide future physicians and clinicians who will come across confusing cases such as these to reach a conclusive diagnosis. Had it not been for the advanced diagnostic imaging technologies available within reach of both the hospital and the patient, the patient undoubtedly would have only been treated for his hoarseness, leaving the actual disease unchecked, undiagnosed, and untreated.
{"title":"Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma Associated with Vocal Cord Paralysis","authors":"Aref Chelal, Ashraf Alakkad, S. Melki","doi":"10.9734/jcti/2022/v12i330179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jcti/2022/v12i330179","url":null,"abstract":"A 30-year-old male patient presented with a mixed complaint. He initially had developed complaints of backache two months ago. This pain was accompanied by the formation of two lumps in the back in the upper and lower regions. However, this was not the reason behind him presenting to the hospital. He complained of hoarseness of the voice, which seemed to have no background. \u0000The man is neither an alcoholic nor a smoker. He has no significant medical or surgical history. His work history also remains unrelated to the hoarseness of his voice, as he is not required to speak loudly, which is typically linked to over exertion of the vocal cords. \u0000Upon examination, it was learned that the two lumps that the patient had initially observed had grown in number. Now, there were several lumps on his back and shoulder regions. \u0000When this particular observation, coupled with the hoarseness of voice, was investigated via diagnostic imaging techniques such as X-ray, CT, and MRI, it was discovered that the patient was suffering from Grade IV Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma. The cancer had progressed significantly as there was numerous organ involvement observed. The liver, adrenal glands, lungs, subcutaneous tissues, and muscles were all seen to be involved. Along with this, he had also developed bilateral deep vein thrombosis on both his lower limbs. \u0000Although the patient had no significant symptoms that could have forced an earlier diagnosis, it was evident that the carcinoma was pancreato-biliary in origin. \u0000The patient is now undergoing his chemotherapy, and so far, he has shown a remarkable ‘partial’ response to his treatment cycles. Therefore, a good prognosis is hoped if the progress remains the same over time. \u0000This case study aims to reflect on all the possible angles of this patient’s presentation. It is also the utmost priority to correlate and investigate the link of his hoarseness with his actual cancer. This case study will guide future physicians and clinicians who will come across confusing cases such as these to reach a conclusive diagnosis. \u0000Had it not been for the advanced diagnostic imaging technologies available within reach of both the hospital and the patient, the patient undoubtedly would have only been treated for his hoarseness, leaving the actual disease unchecked, undiagnosed, and untreated.","PeriodicalId":161223,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cancer and Tumor International","volume":"80 10","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132579840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-10DOI: 10.9734/jcti/2022/v12i330178
V. Singh, A. Singh, Pranab Kumar Verma, Sumantra Sircar, Vishal Mohan Singh, A. Jha
Background: A benign breast condition is one that is not cancer. These conditions often go away on their own or are easily treated. Because a few benign breast conditions can increase your risk of getting cancer in the future, you may need to have follow-up tests or exams with your benign breast disease comprises a large spectrum of disease which ranges from mastalgia, nipple discharge to discrete lump. Medical management with Danazol, bromocriptine, primrose oil and Vitamin E capsules has importance along with surgical intervention in few cases. Materials and Methods: One hundred and one (n=101) patients with mastalgia, nipple discharge and breast lump were treated with medical or surgical management. Post treatment all patients were followed up for symptomatic relief. Results: Majority of the patients (n=64) presented with mastalgia. Rest of the patients presented with nipple discharge and discrete lump. Most patients (n=75) were treated with Danazol, Linoleic Acid or Vitamin E. 85% patients were satisfied with the treatment administered to them. Conclusion: Benign breast disease is a diverse spectrum with miscellaneous symptoms. Benign breast diseases are common in female patients and fibroadenoma is the commonest of them all. Triple assessment gave a firm diagnosis and it eliminates unnecessary anxiety in the patients about breast cancer or any other serious illness. Medical management is mainstay with indication of surgery in few cases.
{"title":"Spectrum of Benign Breast Disease; a Critical Review of Therapy: A Single – Center Experience","authors":"V. Singh, A. Singh, Pranab Kumar Verma, Sumantra Sircar, Vishal Mohan Singh, A. Jha","doi":"10.9734/jcti/2022/v12i330178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jcti/2022/v12i330178","url":null,"abstract":"Background: A benign breast condition is one that is not cancer. These conditions often go away on their own or are easily treated. Because a few benign breast conditions can increase your risk of getting cancer in the future, you may need to have follow-up tests or exams with your benign breast disease comprises a large spectrum of disease which ranges from mastalgia, nipple discharge to discrete lump. Medical management with Danazol, bromocriptine, primrose oil and Vitamin E capsules has importance along with surgical intervention in few cases. \u0000Materials and Methods: One hundred and one (n=101) patients with mastalgia, nipple discharge and breast lump were treated with medical or surgical management. Post treatment all patients were followed up for symptomatic relief. \u0000Results: Majority of the patients (n=64) presented with mastalgia. Rest of the patients presented with nipple discharge and discrete lump. Most patients (n=75) were treated with Danazol, Linoleic Acid or Vitamin E. 85% patients were satisfied with the treatment administered to them. \u0000Conclusion: Benign breast disease is a diverse spectrum with miscellaneous symptoms. Benign breast diseases are common in female patients and fibroadenoma is the commonest of them all. Triple assessment gave a firm diagnosis and it eliminates unnecessary anxiety in the patients about breast cancer or any other serious illness. Medical management is mainstay with indication of surgery in few cases.","PeriodicalId":161223,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cancer and Tumor International","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122580414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-03DOI: 10.9734/jcti/2022/v12i330177
A. Adel, Niven M. Gado, D. Ragab, Yasmin Abdelrazek Ali, A. Samir, H. Ibrahim
Background: Adjuvant Anthracyclines Chemotherapy (ANTC) and trastuzumab have been documented to prolong survival in patients with breast cancer (BC). However, these drugs are also well known to induce left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVSD). Multiple studies have shown that angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) and beta blockers (BBs) can prevent LVSD among women with BC. Objectives: We aimed to prospectively evaluate the efficacy of enalapril (ACEI) and carvedilol (BB) in preventing the ANTC ± trastuzumab induced LVSD, in patients with non-metastatic BC. Patients and Methods: We randomized 126 patients with non-metastatic (M0) BC, who were scheduled to be treated with ANTC ± trastuzumab into the intervention group (group 1; n = 63), which received enalapril and carvedilol or the control group (group 2; n = 63), which did not receive enalapril or carvedilol. To evaluate left ventricular (LV) systolic and diastolic functions the conventional echocardiography (ECHO) and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) were performed at baseline, after 3 therapy cycles, and at 1-year follow-up. The secondary endpoint was designed to detect the incidence of a decrease in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ≥ 10%, heart failure (HF), LVSD (defined as LVEF<45%) or deterioration in LV diastolic function. Results: In the intervention group, 58 patients had 3 cycles ANTC, 6 patients received 6 cycles ANTC, and 12 patients received trastuzumab. In the control group, 47 patients had 3 cycles ANTC, 16 patients were given 6 cycles ANTC and 18 patients received trastuzumab (as per the guidelines issued by breast clinic in the department of clinical oncology, faculty of medicine, Ain Shams University) for adjuvant and neoadjuvant chemotherapy in early breast cancer). After 3 ANTC cycles, LVEF did not change in the intervention group, but decreased by M-mode in the control group (p-value: 0.03), which was associated with statistically significant deterioration of LV diastolic function. At 1 year follow-up, while no change was observed in LVEF in group 1, there was a decrease in LVEF by CMR in group 2 (65.78% at baseline, 61.48% at 1 year; p-value: 0.04 8). Conclusion: Combined prophylaxis with enalapril and carvedilol may prevent LVSD in patients with non-metastatic BC treated with anthracycline-containing chemotherapy ± trastuzumab. However, the clinical relevance of this strategy should be confirmed in the future, large-scale randomized studies.
{"title":"Prevention of Adjuvant Treatment Induced Cardiotoxicity in Egyptian Breast Cancer (BC) Patients: A Randomized Prospective Study","authors":"A. Adel, Niven M. Gado, D. Ragab, Yasmin Abdelrazek Ali, A. Samir, H. Ibrahim","doi":"10.9734/jcti/2022/v12i330177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jcti/2022/v12i330177","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Adjuvant Anthracyclines Chemotherapy (ANTC) and trastuzumab have been documented to prolong survival in patients with breast cancer (BC). However, these drugs are also well known to induce left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVSD). Multiple studies have shown that angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) and beta blockers (BBs) can prevent LVSD among women with BC. \u0000Objectives: We aimed to prospectively evaluate the efficacy of enalapril (ACEI) and carvedilol (BB) in preventing the ANTC ± trastuzumab induced LVSD, in patients with non-metastatic BC. \u0000Patients and Methods: We randomized 126 patients with non-metastatic (M0) BC, who were scheduled to be treated with ANTC ± trastuzumab into the intervention group (group 1; n = 63), which received enalapril and carvedilol or the control group (group 2; n = 63), which did not receive enalapril or carvedilol. To evaluate left ventricular (LV) systolic and diastolic functions the conventional echocardiography (ECHO) and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) were performed at baseline, after 3 therapy cycles, and at 1-year follow-up. The secondary endpoint was designed to detect the incidence of a decrease in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ≥ 10%, heart failure (HF), LVSD (defined as LVEF<45%) or deterioration in LV diastolic function. \u0000Results: In the intervention group, 58 patients had 3 cycles ANTC, 6 patients received 6 cycles ANTC, and 12 patients received trastuzumab. In the control group, 47 patients had 3 cycles ANTC, 16 patients were given 6 cycles ANTC and 18 patients received trastuzumab (as per the guidelines issued by breast clinic in the department of clinical oncology, faculty of medicine, Ain Shams University) for adjuvant and neoadjuvant chemotherapy in early breast cancer). \u0000After 3 ANTC cycles, LVEF did not change in the intervention group, but decreased by M-mode in the control group (p-value: 0.03), which was associated with statistically significant deterioration of LV diastolic function. At 1 year follow-up, while no change was observed in LVEF in group 1, there was a decrease in LVEF by CMR in group 2 (65.78% at baseline, 61.48% at 1 year; p-value: 0.04 8). \u0000Conclusion: Combined prophylaxis with enalapril and carvedilol may prevent LVSD in patients with non-metastatic BC treated with anthracycline-containing chemotherapy ± trastuzumab. However, the clinical relevance of this strategy should be confirmed in the future, large-scale randomized studies.","PeriodicalId":161223,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cancer and Tumor International","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114675090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-12DOI: 10.9734/jcti/2022/v12i230174
Ashraf Alakkad, Aref Chelal, J. Aitchison
A 55-year old, middle-aged man, known for hypertension and dyslipidemia, presented to the OPD with complaints of fever along with a mild dry cough. There was no shortness of breath or chest pain associated with the patient’s complaints. Therefore, as a seemingly obvious diagnosis, he was suspected of having a COVID-19 infection. The man has a positive smoking history of approximately 20 cigarettes per day for 25 years. However, his COVID-19 PCR tests provided two negative results. His chest X-ray was also unremarkable. Apart from some abnormalities in his laboratory analyses, which have been discussed in detail in the coming sections, there seemed to be nothing unusual or out of place with the patient. However, when a CT scan without contrast was ordered for the patient, the report showed a mass that was approximately 23 x 21 x 16 mm in size. The mass had a soft, tissue-like consistency. It also appeared to have irregular, lobulated margins. This entire mass was seen to be present in the anterior segment of the upper lobe of the left lung. Apart from this mass, no COVID-19-related consolidations or signs of respiratory distress were seen in this patient. When the mass was confirmed, a needle-core biopsy was done to find out the nature of it. The biopsy report confirmed that the mass was indeed a moderate-to-poorly differentiated non-small cell carcinoma of the lung, which was consistent with adenocarcinoma with sarcomatoid features. All these aspects of the tumor, with radiological evidence, have been discussed below. The patient is being supportively managed as of now and is also being kept on a follow-up schedule. What's worth mentioning, however, is that despite such minor symptoms, the underlying problem could still be serious. If the patient had not gone for an X-ray or CT for their suspected COVID-19 abnormalities, then their case would not have come to a diagnosis and it would have eventually taken a turn for the worse. The whole case, along with the findings and the patient response has been discussed throughout this paper.
55岁中年男性，高血压和血脂异常，就诊于门诊，主诉发热伴轻度干咳。患者的主诉并无气短或胸痛。因此，作为一个看似显而易见的诊断，他被怀疑感染了COVID-19。该男子有25年每天约20支烟的吸烟史。然而，他的新冠病毒PCR检测结果为两次阴性。他的胸部x光片也很正常。除了在他的实验室分析中出现的一些异常(这将在接下来的章节中详细讨论)之外，这位病人似乎没有什么不寻常或不正常的地方。然而，当对患者进行不加对比的CT扫描时，报告显示肿块大小约为23 x 21 x 16 mm。这个肿块有一种柔软的、组织般的稠度。它也有不规则的分叶边缘。整个肿块可见于左肺上叶前段。除了这个肿块外，该患者未见与covid -19相关的巩固或呼吸窘迫迹象。当肿块被确认后，我们做了穿刺活检来确定它的性质。活检报告证实肿块为肺中分化至低分化的非小细胞癌，符合腺癌肉瘤样特征。下面将讨论肿瘤的所有这些方面以及放射学证据。到目前为止，患者正在接受支持性治疗，并继续进行随访。然而，值得一提的是，尽管有这些轻微的症状，潜在的问题可能仍然很严重。如果患者没有因为疑似COVID-19异常而去做x光或CT检查，那么他们的病例就不会得到诊断，最终情况会变得更糟。整个病例，连同发现和患者的反应已讨论了整个论文。
{"title":"Lung Cancer: Solitary Pulmonary Nodule","authors":"Ashraf Alakkad, Aref Chelal, J. Aitchison","doi":"10.9734/jcti/2022/v12i230174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jcti/2022/v12i230174","url":null,"abstract":"A 55-year old, middle-aged man, known for hypertension and dyslipidemia, presented to the OPD with complaints of fever along with a mild dry cough. There was no shortness of breath or chest pain associated with the patient’s complaints. Therefore, as a seemingly obvious diagnosis, he was suspected of having a COVID-19 infection. \u0000The man has a positive smoking history of approximately 20 cigarettes per day for 25 years. However, his COVID-19 PCR tests provided two negative results. His chest X-ray was also unremarkable. Apart from some abnormalities in his laboratory analyses, which have been discussed in detail in the coming sections, there seemed to be nothing unusual or out of place with the patient. \u0000However, when a CT scan without contrast was ordered for the patient, the report showed a mass that was approximately 23 x 21 x 16 mm in size. The mass had a soft, tissue-like consistency. It also appeared to have irregular, lobulated margins. This entire mass was seen to be present in the anterior segment of the upper lobe of the left lung. \u0000Apart from this mass, no COVID-19-related consolidations or signs of respiratory distress were seen in this patient. \u0000When the mass was confirmed, a needle-core biopsy was done to find out the nature of it. The biopsy report confirmed that the mass was indeed a moderate-to-poorly differentiated non-small cell carcinoma of the lung, which was consistent with adenocarcinoma with sarcomatoid features. All these aspects of the tumor, with radiological evidence, have been discussed below. \u0000The patient is being supportively managed as of now and is also being kept on a follow-up schedule. \u0000What's worth mentioning, however, is that despite such minor symptoms, the underlying problem could still be serious. If the patient had not gone for an X-ray or CT for their suspected COVID-19 abnormalities, then their case would not have come to a diagnosis and it would have eventually taken a turn for the worse. The whole case, along with the findings and the patient response has been discussed throughout this paper.","PeriodicalId":161223,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cancer and Tumor International","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130214059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-04DOI: 10.9734/jcti/2022/v12i230173
Idriss Ntatou Lemouchele, Suzi Pascale Mbougang, E. Bell, C. O. Ebongue, L. Foko, E. E. Enyegue, Rachel De Grâce Tayou Tchuente, Eric Fouelifack Nzeko, A. Ngane, Martin Luther Koanga Mogtomo
Aims: This study aimed at determining epidemiological, clinical, behavioural and risk factors for breast cancer (BC) among young women living in Cameroon. Study Design: Cross-sectional case-control study. Place and Duration of Study: The study took place at the Oncology departments of two reference hospitals in Douala (Littoral Region, Cameroon), from July 2020 to July 2021. Methodology: An ad hoc questionnaire form was used to collect data of interest. Anthropometric and bioimpedance parameters were measured. The data were keyed, coded, verified for consistency, and analysed using StatView v5.0 and GraphPad Prism v5.03. Statistical significance was set at P < .05. Results: Of the 276 women initially approached, 176 (88 cases and 88 controls) were finally recruited. They were mainly aged 41-45 years old with higher proportion in controls (40.9% vs 45.4%, P = .0029). The proportion of women having had their menarche at advanced age was higher in cases compared to controls (40.9% vs 12.5%, P < .0001). Visceral adipose tissue (Kg) was significantly higher in cases (8.72 ± 3.04 vs 7.43 ± 2.64, P = .003). Most of the patients were diagnosed at advanced stage, especially at stage 3 (46.6%), with more than one third of them had metastasis. The risk of BC was reduced by 84% (AOR = 0.16, P = .001) in patients having had their menarche after 14 years of age, and 71% (AOR = 0.29, P = .01) in those always consuming fruits/vegetables. In contrast, BC risk was increased in women with familial history of BC (AOR = 3.19, P = .04). Early and late diagnosed BC women had similar characteristics with the exception of age, stillbirth and body mass index. Conclusion: BC is prevalent and detected among young women at advanced stage, with protective role of fruits/vegetables consumption and late age of menarche.
目的:本研究旨在确定喀麦隆年轻女性乳腺癌(BC)的流行病学、临床、行为和风险因素。研究设计:横断面病例对照研究。研究地点和时间:该研究于2020年7月至2021年7月在杜阿拉(喀麦隆沿海地区)两家参考医院的肿瘤科进行。方法:采用特别问卷形式收集感兴趣的数据。测量人体测量和生物阻抗参数。使用StatView v5.0和GraphPad Prism v5.03对数据进行输入、编码、一致性验证和分析。差异有统计学意义，P < 0.05。结果:在最初接触的276名女性中，最终招募了176名(88名病例和88名对照组)。年龄以41 ~ 45岁为主，对照组比例较高(40.9% vs 45.4%， P = 0.0029)。与对照组相比，老年女性月经初潮的比例更高(40.9% vs 12.5%， P < 0.0001)。内脏脂肪组织(Kg)(8.72±3.04 vs 7.43±2.64,P = 0.003)明显高于对照组。大多数患者诊断为晚期，特别是在3期(46.6%)，超过三分之一的患者有转移。14岁以后月经初潮的患者患BC的风险降低了84% (AOR = 0.16, P = 0.001)，经常食用水果/蔬菜的患者患BC的风险降低了71% (AOR = 0.29, P = 0.01)。相比之下，有BC家族史的女性患BC的风险增加(AOR = 3.19, P = 0.04)。除了年龄、死胎和体重指数外，早期和晚期诊断的BC妇女具有相似的特征。结论:BC在晚期年轻女性中普遍存在并被检测到，水果/蔬菜消费和月经初潮较晚具有保护作用。
{"title":"Breast Cancer among Young Women in Douala, Cameroon: Epidemiological, Clinical, Behavioural Characteristics and Risk Factors","authors":"Idriss Ntatou Lemouchele, Suzi Pascale Mbougang, E. Bell, C. O. Ebongue, L. Foko, E. E. Enyegue, Rachel De Grâce Tayou Tchuente, Eric Fouelifack Nzeko, A. Ngane, Martin Luther Koanga Mogtomo","doi":"10.9734/jcti/2022/v12i230173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jcti/2022/v12i230173","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: This study aimed at determining epidemiological, clinical, behavioural and risk factors for breast cancer (BC) among young women living in Cameroon. \u0000Study Design: Cross-sectional case-control study. \u0000Place and Duration of Study: The study took place at the Oncology departments of two reference hospitals in Douala (Littoral Region, Cameroon), from July 2020 to July 2021. \u0000Methodology: An ad hoc questionnaire form was used to collect data of interest. Anthropometric and bioimpedance parameters were measured. The data were keyed, coded, verified for consistency, and analysed using StatView v5.0 and GraphPad Prism v5.03. Statistical significance was set at P < .05. \u0000Results: Of the 276 women initially approached, 176 (88 cases and 88 controls) were finally recruited. They were mainly aged 41-45 years old with higher proportion in controls (40.9% vs 45.4%, P = .0029). The proportion of women having had their menarche at advanced age was higher in cases compared to controls (40.9% vs 12.5%, P < .0001). Visceral adipose tissue (Kg) was significantly higher in cases (8.72 ± 3.04 vs 7.43 ± 2.64, P = .003). Most of the patients were diagnosed at advanced stage, especially at stage 3 (46.6%), with more than one third of them had metastasis. The risk of BC was reduced by 84% (AOR = 0.16, P = .001) in patients having had their menarche after 14 years of age, and 71% (AOR = 0.29, P = .01) in those always consuming fruits/vegetables. In contrast, BC risk was increased in women with familial history of BC (AOR = 3.19, P = .04). Early and late diagnosed BC women had similar characteristics with the exception of age, stillbirth and body mass index. \u0000Conclusion: BC is prevalent and detected among young women at advanced stage, with protective role of fruits/vegetables consumption and late age of menarche.","PeriodicalId":161223,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cancer and Tumor International","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115678548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-21DOI: 10.9734/jcti/2022/v12i230172
Jonathan, Nyebuchi, Kpaluku Chukwuka Achonnwo, E. Roseline, O. Josephine
Soot is the product of incomplete combustion of hydrocarbons. It is a fine black powdery substance also known as Black Carbon that arises from the burning of substances such as oils, woods, chars, tyres, and other hydrocarbon compounds. This processes leads to the release of various components within the soot particles which have been linked to various diseases. Soot is formed through complex chemical processes and are dispersed by air. The sticky nature of soot allow it to stick to exhaust pipes of power generating set and automobiles. It has also been identified as a major pollutant around the world, with the highest amount being emitted by developing countries. Africa ranks high among the highest emitters of soot and in world, especially with the spike in the activities of artisanal refining of crude oil and gas flaring in the South-South Nigeria, particularly the Niger-Delta. Heavy metals such as Cadmium, Chromium, Lead, Iron, Nickel, and Arsenic have been found to be present in soot and are linked to various types of cancers like the cancers of the lungs, liver, skin, throat, and disease such as diabetes. Many respiratory conditions treated in hospitals within Rivers State has been linked to soot and its component. Further studies predicts that the cases could worsen if the emissions continues. This study is focused on black soot and its carcinogenesis in Rivers State.
{"title":"Soot and Carcinogenesis in Rivers State","authors":"Jonathan, Nyebuchi, Kpaluku Chukwuka Achonnwo, E. Roseline, O. Josephine","doi":"10.9734/jcti/2022/v12i230172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jcti/2022/v12i230172","url":null,"abstract":"Soot is the product of incomplete combustion of hydrocarbons. It is a fine black powdery substance also known as Black Carbon that arises from the burning of substances such as oils, woods, chars, tyres, and other hydrocarbon compounds. This processes leads to the release of various components within the soot particles which have been linked to various diseases. Soot is formed through complex chemical processes and are dispersed by air. The sticky nature of soot allow it to stick to exhaust pipes of power generating set and automobiles. It has also been identified as a major pollutant around the world, with the highest amount being emitted by developing countries. Africa ranks high among the highest emitters of soot and in world, especially with the spike in the activities of artisanal refining of crude oil and gas flaring in the South-South Nigeria, particularly the Niger-Delta. Heavy metals such as Cadmium, Chromium, Lead, Iron, Nickel, and Arsenic have been found to be present in soot and are linked to various types of cancers like the cancers of the lungs, liver, skin, throat, and disease such as diabetes. Many respiratory conditions treated in hospitals within Rivers State has been linked to soot and its component. Further studies predicts that the cases could worsen if the emissions continues. This study is focused on black soot and its carcinogenesis in Rivers State.","PeriodicalId":161223,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cancer and Tumor International","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130940372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-21DOI: 10.9734/jcti/2022/v12i230171
J. Raphael, V. Abhulimen
Background: Prostate cancer (PCa) incidence and mortality are associated with age and African descent. African men are more likely to have aggressive disease, present late with complications and die from prostate cancer. Age is also an independent factor for consideration in the management of patients with PCa. The Gleason score is used both for risk classification, treatment stratification and prognostic purposes. Objective: To determine the presence of a correlation between age and Gleason score in patients with histologically confirmed prostate cancer. Materials and methods: This retrospective study was carried out on patients with histologically confirmed prostate cancer from August 2012 to July 2021. Their case records were retrieved, and the patient's age and Gleason grade were collated. Data collected were then analyzed using SPSS version 20. The data were collated using Microsoft excel 2016. Results: There were 352 patients with histologically confirmed prostate cancer with a mean age of 68.88years±9.75, ranging from 48years to 117years. The modal age range was the 60-69year group. The commonest PCa grade is Gleason 8/Grade group 4 {27.8% (98)}, followed by Gleason 9/Grade group 5 {19.9% (70)} as shown in Fig. 2. The Gleason score was associated with age as indicated in Table 2 (p=0.001). However, Pearson's correlation coefficient did not establish a statistically significant relationship (r=0.045; p=0.401). The high-risk Gleason's 8-10, Grade group 4 and 5, was the most frequent among all the age groups. The low Gleason score cancers were commonest in the 40-49year age group. Conclusion: There was an association between age and Gleason's score, even though it was not statistically significant. Gleason 8-10 /Grade groups 4 and 5 PCa was associated with older patients. It was also commonest among patients 80years and above.
{"title":"Age and Gleason's Score in Prostate Cancer among Southern Nigerians: Is there Any Correlation?","authors":"J. Raphael, V. Abhulimen","doi":"10.9734/jcti/2022/v12i230171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jcti/2022/v12i230171","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Prostate cancer (PCa) incidence and mortality are associated with age and African descent. African men are more likely to have aggressive disease, present late with complications and die from prostate cancer. Age is also an independent factor for consideration in the management of patients with PCa. The Gleason score is used both for risk classification, treatment stratification and prognostic purposes. \u0000Objective: To determine the presence of a correlation between age and Gleason score in patients with histologically confirmed prostate cancer. \u0000Materials and methods: This retrospective study was carried out on patients with histologically confirmed prostate cancer from August 2012 to July 2021. Their case records were retrieved, and the patient's age and Gleason grade were collated. Data collected were then analyzed using SPSS version 20. The data were collated using Microsoft excel 2016. \u0000Results: There were 352 patients with histologically confirmed prostate cancer with a mean age of 68.88years±9.75, ranging from 48years to 117years. The modal age range was the 60-69year group. The commonest PCa grade is Gleason 8/Grade group 4 {27.8% (98)}, followed by Gleason 9/Grade group 5 {19.9% (70)} as shown in Fig. 2. The Gleason score was associated with age as indicated in Table 2 (p=0.001). However, Pearson's correlation coefficient did not establish a statistically significant relationship (r=0.045; p=0.401). The high-risk Gleason's 8-10, Grade group 4 and 5, was the most frequent among all the age groups. The low Gleason score cancers were commonest in the 40-49year age group. \u0000Conclusion: There was an association between age and Gleason's score, even though it was not statistically significant. Gleason 8-10 /Grade groups 4 and 5 PCa was associated with older patients. It was also commonest among patients 80years and above.","PeriodicalId":161223,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cancer and Tumor International","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127364323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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