Pub Date : 2019-09-21DOI: 10.9734/jcti/2019/v9i330110
A. Halim, Niveen Abotouk, N. Mokhtar, H. Elghamery, E. Ismail, Amany Hassan, Hosam Halim
Objective: Carcinosarcomas (CSs) and leiomyosarcomas (LMSs) are rare uterine cancers with high mortality. This study presents a dual institutional experience from two different university teaching hospitals (Mansoura and Zagazig Universities situated in the Delta of the Nile River in Egypt) with regard to the treatment modalities of those two types of uterine cancers aimed at establishing demographics and treatment outcomes. Patients & Methods: The data from 12 uterine CS and 17 LMS patients treated at the Clinical Oncology Departments of Mansoura and Zagazig Universities from January 2012 to June 2018 were reviewed to evaluate demographics and treatment outcomes. Results: The mean age of the patients was greater than 50 years. Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) was the most common presenting symptom. Six CS (50%) patients underwent comprehensive surgical staging, while 4 patients underwent total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (TAH&BSO). Conversely, TAH&BSO was performed in 15 patients with LMS (88%). Adjuvant radiotherapy was given to 6 CS (50%) and 4 LMS (24%) patients. Meanwhile, adjuvant chemotherapy was received by 5 CS (42%) and 8 LMS (47%) patients. Pelvic failure occurred in only the LMS group. Visceral metastasis occurred in both groups, while bone metastasis was encountered in only the CS group. The overall survival at 5 years was 53% and 32% in patients with CS and LMS, respectively. Conclusion: AUB should be seriously investigated. Both diseases are aggressive despite early presentation and radical multimodality treatment. Local recurrence was reported in only the LMS group. Visceral metastasis occurred in both groups, unlike bone metastasis. New targeted therapies are urgently needed.
{"title":"Uterine Carcinosarcomas versus Leiomyosarcomas: DuaL Institutional Experience from Mansoura and Zagazig Universities","authors":"A. Halim, Niveen Abotouk, N. Mokhtar, H. Elghamery, E. Ismail, Amany Hassan, Hosam Halim","doi":"10.9734/jcti/2019/v9i330110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jcti/2019/v9i330110","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Carcinosarcomas (CSs) and leiomyosarcomas (LMSs) are rare uterine cancers with high mortality. This study presents a dual institutional experience from two different university teaching hospitals (Mansoura and Zagazig Universities situated in the Delta of the Nile River in Egypt) with regard to the treatment modalities of those two types of uterine cancers aimed at establishing demographics and treatment outcomes. \u0000Patients & Methods: The data from 12 uterine CS and 17 LMS patients treated at the Clinical Oncology Departments of Mansoura and Zagazig Universities from January 2012 to June 2018 were reviewed to evaluate demographics and treatment outcomes. \u0000Results: The mean age of the patients was greater than 50 years. Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) was the most common presenting symptom. \u0000Six CS (50%) patients underwent comprehensive surgical staging, while 4 patients underwent total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (TAH&BSO). Conversely, TAH&BSO was performed in 15 patients with LMS (88%). \u0000Adjuvant radiotherapy was given to 6 CS (50%) and 4 LMS (24%) patients. Meanwhile, adjuvant chemotherapy was received by 5 CS (42%) and 8 LMS (47%) patients. Pelvic failure occurred in only the LMS group. Visceral metastasis occurred in both groups, while bone metastasis was encountered in only the CS group. The overall survival at 5 years was 53% and 32% in patients with CS and LMS, respectively. \u0000Conclusion: AUB should be seriously investigated. Both diseases are aggressive despite early presentation and radical multimodality treatment. Local recurrence was reported in only the LMS group. Visceral metastasis occurred in both groups, unlike bone metastasis. New targeted therapies are urgently needed.","PeriodicalId":161223,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cancer and Tumor International","volume":"124 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134210576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-22DOI: 10.9734/JCTI/2019/V9I330109
A. Halim, E. M. Ibrahim, Fatma I. El-saeed, E. A. A. El‐Galil, Hosam Halim
Aims: To spot the light on metastatic tumors to the breast which represent only 0.5-1.5% of breast malignancies to avoid misdiagnosis as primary breast tumors. Presentation of the Case: 45-year-old female was referred to the Oncology Department of Meet Ghmmr Oncology Center in November 2017 after total thyroidectomy followed by cervical lymph node dissection for medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) 1 year ago at Oncology Center Mansoura University. The panel recommended postoperative radiotherapy. One month after the end of radiotherapy, she complained of frequent headache attacks and abdominal pain. CT was done in February 2018 revealed metastasis to the brain, lung, liver and ovaries. After the fifth cycle of chemotherapy, a progressively enlarging left breast mass appeared, that proved to be metastatic MTC. Discussion: MTC is a neuroendocrine tumor of the thyroid gland. Breast is an unusual metastatic site for MTC. Consequently, breast masses should be evaluated with caution, especially in the presence of a known primary malignancy. Histopathologic examination is the key diagnostic tool. Conclusion: Metastasis to the breast should be considered in the differential diagnosis of a breast mass in a patient with a past history of MTC. Histopathologic examination and proper panel of immunohistochemical markers are fundamental for diagnosis to prevent unneeded surgery.
{"title":"Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma Metastatic to the Breast: Case Report","authors":"A. Halim, E. M. Ibrahim, Fatma I. El-saeed, E. A. A. El‐Galil, Hosam Halim","doi":"10.9734/JCTI/2019/V9I330109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/JCTI/2019/V9I330109","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: To spot the light on metastatic tumors to the breast which represent only 0.5-1.5% of breast malignancies to avoid misdiagnosis as primary breast tumors. \u0000Presentation of the Case: 45-year-old female was referred to the Oncology Department of Meet Ghmmr Oncology Center in November 2017 after total thyroidectomy followed by cervical lymph node dissection for medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) 1 year ago at Oncology Center Mansoura University. The panel recommended postoperative radiotherapy. One month after the end of radiotherapy, she complained of frequent headache attacks and abdominal pain. CT was done in February 2018 revealed metastasis to the brain, lung, liver and ovaries. After the fifth cycle of chemotherapy, a progressively enlarging left breast mass appeared, that proved to be metastatic MTC. \u0000Discussion: MTC is a neuroendocrine tumor of the thyroid gland. Breast is an unusual metastatic site for MTC. Consequently, breast masses should be evaluated with caution, especially in the presence of a known primary malignancy. Histopathologic examination is the key diagnostic tool. \u0000Conclusion: Metastasis to the breast should be considered in the differential diagnosis of a breast mass in a patient with a past history of MTC. Histopathologic examination and proper panel of immunohistochemical markers are fundamental for diagnosis to prevent unneeded surgery.","PeriodicalId":161223,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cancer and Tumor International","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123944560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-19DOI: 10.9734/JCTI/2019/V9I330108
Shubham Lingappanoor, Geetha Rani Manupati, V. Meesala, Padma Yaragani, Brahmani Bachu, S. Anchuri
Background: Cervical cancer is becoming one of the emerging health burdens for womenhood and India accounts for one-third of the cervical cancer deaths globally. More than 80% of women with cervical cancer are diagnosed at an advanced stage. In this study, we aimed to assess the Quality of Life (QOL) of patients with cervical cancer after treatment and to examine the factors affecting their QOL. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective observational study, included 218 cervical cancer patients. The study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital in Warangal of Telangana State. The impact of socioeconomic factors and clinical factors on the QOL of the patients were studied using Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group-Performance status (ECOG-PS) scale. The protocol was approved by KIEC-KMC, Warangal. The statistical analysis was performed by using Fischer's Exact test, a value of p<.05 was considered as significant. Results: Out of 218 patients 189 were alive and 29 were deceased. Patient of age group 21-40 years, patients from urban areas, from upper socioeconomic status (SES), patients with literacy, without any social habits had good QOL, where as patients in labour forces had poor QOL and are statistically significant. Patients with early stage at diagnosis and patients underwent surgical treatment along with chemoradiation therapy had good QOL yet, these results are statistically insignificant. Conclusion: The lack of access to preventive and definitive care by the health care sectors, poor socioeconomic status, educational status of the women and awareness regarding the disease and its treatment patterns resulted in poor follow up, low adherence to the treatment, which accentuated the cervical cancer burden. Hence, enhancing the above listed factors could be beneficial in improving QOL of cervical cancer patients.
{"title":"Assessment of Quality of Life of Cervical Cancer Patients Using ECOG-Performance Status Scale","authors":"Shubham Lingappanoor, Geetha Rani Manupati, V. Meesala, Padma Yaragani, Brahmani Bachu, S. Anchuri","doi":"10.9734/JCTI/2019/V9I330108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/JCTI/2019/V9I330108","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Cervical cancer is becoming one of the emerging health burdens for womenhood and India accounts for one-third of the cervical cancer deaths globally. More than 80% of women with cervical cancer are diagnosed at an advanced stage. In this study, we aimed to assess the Quality of Life (QOL) of patients with cervical cancer after treatment and to examine the factors affecting their QOL. \u0000Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective observational study, included 218 cervical cancer patients. The study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital in Warangal of Telangana State. The impact of socioeconomic factors and clinical factors on the QOL of the patients were studied using Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group-Performance status (ECOG-PS) scale. The protocol was approved by KIEC-KMC, Warangal. The statistical analysis was performed by using Fischer's Exact test, a value of p<.05 was considered as significant. \u0000Results: Out of 218 patients 189 were alive and 29 were deceased. Patient of age group 21-40 years, patients from urban areas, from upper socioeconomic status (SES), patients with literacy, without any social habits had good QOL, where as patients in labour forces had poor QOL and are statistically significant. Patients with early stage at diagnosis and patients underwent surgical treatment along with chemoradiation therapy had good QOL yet, these results are statistically insignificant. \u0000Conclusion: The lack of access to preventive and definitive care by the health care sectors, poor socioeconomic status, educational status of the women and awareness regarding the disease and its treatment patterns resulted in poor follow up, low adherence to the treatment, which accentuated the cervical cancer burden. Hence, enhancing the above listed factors could be beneficial in improving QOL of cervical cancer patients.","PeriodicalId":161223,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cancer and Tumor International","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114377656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-09DOI: 10.9734/JCTI/2019/V9I330107
E. Eyam, I. Bassey, E. Isiwele, Eyam Lilian Eberechukwu
Background: Prostate-specific antigen density (PSAD) is one of the means of improving PSA sensitivity as a marker of a prostate cancer diagnosis. However, this ability is perceived to be obscured by certain factors such as high body mass index and age in Caucasian and western populations, which tends to reduce its sensitivity and lead to misclassification of at-risk patients for prostate cancer. Aim: We studied the correlation of body mass index (BMI) and age with prostate-specific antigen density (PSAD) as indicators of prostate cancer risk in a screened male population(40 years and above) in the University of Calabar, Nigeria. Study Design: A cross-sectional analytical study with consecutive participant recruitment. Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out in the University of Calabar Medical centre during a medical outreach. Materials and Methods: The study involved sixty-one (61) healthy male participants. BMI was mathematically determined from the weight and height and was categorized as underweight, normal weight, overweight and obesity based on the WHO classification with values of <18.5, 18.5-24.9, 25.0-29.9, and ≥30 (Kg/m2) respectively. Blood samples were collected and analyzed for PSA and transrectal ultrasound scan was done to estimate the prostate volume and was used to calculate the prostate-specific antigen density. Results: Over 67% of participants had PSA values below 4.0 ng/ml, 14.8% between 4.0-10.0 ng/ml, and 18% above 10.0 ng/ml. Body mass index (BMI) assessment revealed that 1.6% of the sampled population had BMI <18.5 Kg/m2, 32.8% had BMI between 18.5 Kg/m2 and 24.9 Kg/m2, while 50.8% were noticed to have a BMI of between 25.0 Kg/m2 and 29.9 Kg/m2, and 14.8% had BMI of 30 Kg/m2 and above. Conclusion: There was an inverse correlation of BMI with prostate-specific antigen density (PSAD) and a direct correlation of age with PSAD in this study of Nigerian men.
{"title":"Body Mass Index and Age Correlation with Prostate-specific Antigen Density as Prostate Cancer Risk Indicators in a Screened Male University Population in Nigeria: A Pilot Study","authors":"E. Eyam, I. Bassey, E. Isiwele, Eyam Lilian Eberechukwu","doi":"10.9734/JCTI/2019/V9I330107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/JCTI/2019/V9I330107","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Prostate-specific antigen density (PSAD) is one of the means of improving PSA sensitivity as a marker of a prostate cancer diagnosis. However, this ability is perceived to be obscured by certain factors such as high body mass index and age in Caucasian and western populations, which tends to reduce its sensitivity and lead to misclassification of at-risk patients for prostate cancer. \u0000Aim: We studied the correlation of body mass index (BMI) and age with prostate-specific antigen density (PSAD) as indicators of prostate cancer risk in a screened male population(40 years and above) in the University of Calabar, Nigeria. \u0000Study Design: A cross-sectional analytical study with consecutive participant recruitment. \u0000Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out in the University of Calabar Medical centre during a medical outreach. \u0000Materials and Methods: The study involved sixty-one (61) healthy male participants. BMI was mathematically determined from the weight and height and was categorized as underweight, normal weight, overweight and obesity based on the WHO classification with values of <18.5, 18.5-24.9, 25.0-29.9, and ≥30 (Kg/m2) respectively. Blood samples were collected and analyzed for PSA and transrectal ultrasound scan was done to estimate the prostate volume and was used to calculate the prostate-specific antigen density. \u0000Results: Over 67% of participants had PSA values below 4.0 ng/ml, 14.8% between 4.0-10.0 ng/ml, and 18% above 10.0 ng/ml. Body mass index (BMI) assessment revealed that 1.6% of the sampled population had BMI <18.5 Kg/m2, 32.8% had BMI between 18.5 Kg/m2 and 24.9 Kg/m2, while 50.8% were noticed to have a BMI of between 25.0 Kg/m2 and 29.9 Kg/m2, and 14.8% had BMI of 30 Kg/m2 and above. \u0000Conclusion: There was an inverse correlation of BMI with prostate-specific antigen density (PSAD) and a direct correlation of age with PSAD in this study of Nigerian men.","PeriodicalId":161223,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cancer and Tumor International","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131408067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-26DOI: 10.9734/JCTI/2019/V9I230106
D. Nieto-Mosquera, H. Segura-Puello, J. S. Segura-Charry, D. Muñoz-Forero, A. Villamil-Ballesteros
The present study aims to determine the role of immunomodulatory fungi for the treatment of cancer as an alternative way. Mushrooms have been part of human culture for thousands of years, many cultures especially from the East, recognized that the extracts of certain fungi could have great health benefits. Recent research has focused on identifying compounds that can modulate, positively or negatively, the biological responses of immune cells. These compounds stimulate immunity, and not only for the treatment of cancer, but also for immunodeficiency diseases; for drug-induced generalized immune suppression; for therapy combined with antibiotics and as adjuvant for vaccines. The medicinal mushrooms are considered as immunomodulators, they are able to regulate the immune system. A diverse collection of bioactive polysaccharides, glycoproteins, glycopeptides, and proteoglycans have an effect on the proliferation and differentiation of immune cells and cytokines. Different purified polysaccharides have had clinical use in Japan, China, and Korea for many years, without reports of negative effects in the short term or in the long term. Different studies have shown that the application of polysaccharide extracts can have a cancer prevention effect and a restriction of tumor metastasis; they have also been used to treat microbial and viral infections, cardiovascular diseases and diabetes.
{"title":"Immunomodulatory Fungi: An Alternative for the Treatment of Cancer","authors":"D. Nieto-Mosquera, H. Segura-Puello, J. S. Segura-Charry, D. Muñoz-Forero, A. Villamil-Ballesteros","doi":"10.9734/JCTI/2019/V9I230106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/JCTI/2019/V9I230106","url":null,"abstract":"The present study aims to determine the role of immunomodulatory fungi for the treatment of cancer as an alternative way. Mushrooms have been part of human culture for thousands of years, many cultures especially from the East, recognized that the extracts of certain fungi could have great health benefits. Recent research has focused on identifying compounds that can modulate, positively or negatively, the biological responses of immune cells. These compounds stimulate immunity, and not only for the treatment of cancer, but also for immunodeficiency diseases; for drug-induced generalized immune suppression; for therapy combined with antibiotics and as adjuvant for vaccines. The medicinal mushrooms are considered as immunomodulators, they are able to regulate the immune system. A diverse collection of bioactive polysaccharides, glycoproteins, glycopeptides, and proteoglycans have an effect on the proliferation and differentiation of immune cells and cytokines. Different purified polysaccharides have had clinical use in Japan, China, and Korea for many years, without reports of negative effects in the short term or in the long term. Different studies have shown that the application of polysaccharide extracts can have a cancer prevention effect and a restriction of tumor metastasis; they have also been used to treat microbial and viral infections, cardiovascular diseases and diabetes.","PeriodicalId":161223,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cancer and Tumor International","volume":"104 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115693229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Globally, cervical cancer is the second most common cancer in women; in 2008 there were an estimated 530,000 new cases and more than 270,000 women die from it [1]. In Ethiopia, cervical cancer is the second most common cancer following breast cancer and the leading cause of death from cancer. Annually, an estimated number of 4648 women develop the cancer and 3,235 die from it. Low-resource countries experience 85% of the global burden and in regions such as Eastern Africa and South-Central Asia. Low perception of risks and lack of awareness about cervical cancer screening amongst women and challenges of access to cervical cancer screening for early detection of disease have been reported amongst factors responsible for increasing incidence and mortality due to cervical cancer in developing countries [2]. Objective: The general objective of this study was to determine the proportions of cervical precancerous lesions and to assess associated factors among women clients (30-49) in Gynecology OPD of Dessie referral hospital and FGAE, 2016. Methods: An institution based cross-sectional study design involving quantitative method was employed. For the quantitative survey 422 women in the age group of 30-49 were participated. The sample size was computed by using single population proportion formula for finite population with 95% confidence level, prevalence of 50% and marginal error of 2%. Pretested and structured questionnaire was used in order to facilitate reliable response. Questionnaires for each item were adapted from previously done similar studies. Pretest was done on five percent of study population. Results: Among 422 study participants who were currently screened, 390(92.4%) were negative for cervical precancerous lesions when tested by visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA), 29(6.9%) were positive for cervical precancerous lesions and 3(0.7%) were suspicious for cancer. The majority (69.9%) of the study subjects did not ever screen for cervical cancer in their life time. Concerning the reasons for not screening, 98(33.3%) of them said that it is painful while 54(18.3%) and 37(12.5%) of them said I am health and it is expensive respectively. Conclusion: The proportion of cervical precancerous lesion was 6.9%. In multivariate regression analysis increased age(>46), high parity(>4), first intercourse at <20 years, having > two sexual partners, positive HIV status, History of Human papilloma virus (HPV) infection, History of sexually transmitted infection (STI), Smoking, History of abortion, nonuse of condom and family history of cervical cancer were significantly associated with the development of cervical precancerous lesions.
{"title":"Proportions of Pre-Cancerous Cervical Lesions and Its Associated Factors among Women Clients in the Age Group of 30-49yrs in Gynecology Ward of Dessie Referral Hospital and FGAE, North-East Ethiopia, 2016","authors":"Kibir Temesgen, Amare Workie, Tenagnework Dilnessa, Mengistu Abate","doi":"10.9734/JCTI/2019/V9I230105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/JCTI/2019/V9I230105","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Globally, cervical cancer is the second most common cancer in women; in 2008 there were an estimated 530,000 new cases and more than 270,000 women die from it [1]. In Ethiopia, cervical cancer is the second most common cancer following breast cancer and the leading cause of death from cancer. Annually, an estimated number of 4648 women develop the cancer and 3,235 die from it. Low-resource countries experience 85% of the global burden and in regions such as Eastern Africa and South-Central Asia. Low perception of risks and lack of awareness about cervical cancer screening amongst women and challenges of access to cervical cancer screening for early detection of disease have been reported amongst factors responsible for increasing incidence and mortality due to cervical cancer in developing countries [2]. \u0000Objective: The general objective of this study was to determine the proportions of cervical precancerous lesions and to assess associated factors among women clients (30-49) in Gynecology OPD of Dessie referral hospital and FGAE, 2016. \u0000Methods: An institution based cross-sectional study design involving quantitative method was employed. For the quantitative survey 422 women in the age group of 30-49 were participated. The sample size was computed by using single population proportion formula for finite population with 95% confidence level, prevalence of 50% and marginal error of 2%. Pretested and structured questionnaire was used in order to facilitate reliable response. Questionnaires for each item were adapted from previously done similar studies. Pretest was done on five percent of study population. \u0000Results: Among 422 study participants who were currently screened, 390(92.4%) were negative for cervical precancerous lesions when tested by visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA), 29(6.9%) were positive for cervical precancerous lesions and 3(0.7%) were suspicious for cancer. The majority (69.9%) of the study subjects did not ever screen for cervical cancer in their life time. Concerning the reasons for not screening, 98(33.3%) of them said that it is painful while 54(18.3%) and 37(12.5%) of them said I am health and it is expensive respectively. \u0000Conclusion: The proportion of cervical precancerous lesion was 6.9%. In multivariate regression analysis increased age(>46), high parity(>4), first intercourse at <20 years, having > two sexual partners, positive HIV status, History of Human papilloma virus (HPV) infection, History of sexually transmitted infection (STI), Smoking, History of abortion, nonuse of condom and family history of cervical cancer were significantly associated with the development of cervical precancerous lesions.","PeriodicalId":161223,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cancer and Tumor International","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122646408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-29DOI: 10.9734/JCTI/2019/V9I230104
R. Storph, F. Ghartey, R. Ephraim, E. Mensah, Martin Mornah, L. Fondjo, D. L. Simpong, Charlotte Addaiq, Bright Segu Kobena Domson, Joseph Benjamin Baidoo, Patrick Adu
Background: People with primary invasive breast cancer receive both local (surgery and radiation therapy) and systemic treatment (chemotherapy and hormonal therapy). However, there are substantial short-and long-term side effects from chemotherapy as documented in several studies. This study assessed the effects of chemotherapy on clinical, haematological and biochemical profile of breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy in the Cape Coast Teaching Hospital. Methods: This longitudinal study was conducted in the female surgical ward of the Cape Coast Teaching Hospital (CCTH). We randomly sampled 51 patients diagnosed with breast cancer and scheduled to start chemotherapy and recorded their demographic, clinical and therapeutic data. Blood was collected for haematological profiles [haemoglobin (Hb), white blood cell (WBC) count, platelets (PLT) and biochemical analysis (lipid profile, uric acid and creatinine) for day 1, day 21 and day 42 of their chemotherapy cycles. Results: Majority of the participants were within 46-60 years, married, overweight and had informal employment. Throughout chemotherapy cycles, systolic blood pressure (SBP) significantly decreased till after the third cycle (P=0.026), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) significantly decreased after second cycle but increased slightly after the third cycle (P=0.029). Hemoglobin though insignificant, decreased after the second cycle but increased sharply after the third cycle (P=0.281). White blood cells (WBC) significantly decreased throughout cycles (P=0.008) whereas high density lipoprotein (P=0.014) increased throughout cycles- Uric acid (P=0.852) and creatinine (P=1.000). were maintained throughout cycles Conclusion: Throughout cycles, chemotherapy had significant adverse effect on the clinical profile (systolic and diastolic blood pressure), white blood cells (WBC) and high density lipoprotein (HDL) in patients undergoing treatment.
{"title":"The Effect of Chemotherapy on Clinical, Haematological and Biochemical Profile in Breast Cancer Patients Undergoing Chemotherapy at Cape Coast Teaching Hospital; A Longitudinal Study","authors":"R. Storph, F. Ghartey, R. Ephraim, E. Mensah, Martin Mornah, L. Fondjo, D. L. Simpong, Charlotte Addaiq, Bright Segu Kobena Domson, Joseph Benjamin Baidoo, Patrick Adu","doi":"10.9734/JCTI/2019/V9I230104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/JCTI/2019/V9I230104","url":null,"abstract":"Background: People with primary invasive breast cancer receive both local (surgery and radiation therapy) and systemic treatment (chemotherapy and hormonal therapy). However, there are substantial short-and long-term side effects from chemotherapy as documented in several studies. This study assessed the effects of chemotherapy on clinical, haematological and biochemical profile of breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy in the Cape Coast Teaching Hospital. \u0000Methods: This longitudinal study was conducted in the female surgical ward of the Cape Coast Teaching Hospital (CCTH). We randomly sampled 51 patients diagnosed with breast cancer and scheduled to start chemotherapy and recorded their demographic, clinical and therapeutic data. Blood was collected for haematological profiles [haemoglobin (Hb), white blood cell (WBC) count, platelets (PLT) and biochemical analysis (lipid profile, uric acid and creatinine) for day 1, day 21 and day 42 of their chemotherapy cycles. \u0000Results: Majority of the participants were within 46-60 years, married, overweight and had informal employment. Throughout chemotherapy cycles, systolic blood pressure (SBP) significantly decreased till after the third cycle (P=0.026), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) significantly decreased after second cycle but increased slightly after the third cycle (P=0.029). Hemoglobin though insignificant, decreased after the second cycle but increased sharply after the third cycle (P=0.281). White blood cells (WBC) significantly decreased throughout cycles (P=0.008) whereas high density lipoprotein (P=0.014) increased throughout cycles- Uric acid (P=0.852) and creatinine (P=1.000). were maintained throughout cycles \u0000Conclusion: Throughout cycles, chemotherapy had significant adverse effect on the clinical profile (systolic and diastolic blood pressure), white blood cells (WBC) and high density lipoprotein (HDL) in patients undergoing treatment.","PeriodicalId":161223,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cancer and Tumor International","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126420857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-31DOI: 10.9734/JCTI/2019/V9I230103
D. Yakubu, I. Emmanuel, J. Mandong, M. B. Mafala
Background: Childhood cancer is attracting public health attention in Sub-Saharan Africa because of its’ increasing contribution to morbidity and mortality, and the changing pattern in relative frequency and diagnostic challenges in resources poor settings. The objective of the study was to determine the pattern of malignant childhood tumours in Jos, North-central Nigeria. Materials and Methods: Records of childhood malignancies diagnosed over a 10 year period was obtained from the hospital cancer registry. Archival paraffin embedded, formalin fixed tissue blocks were retrieved and fresh sections cut and stained with Haematoxylin and Eosin. The slides were reviewed and the histopathological pattern, age, sex and anatomical site of distribution of the tumours were analyzed. Results: There were 210 cases of childhood malignancies during the period of the study. The male: female ratio was 1.5:1. Mesenchymal tumours predominated (66%), followed by epithelial tumours (32%) and germ cell tumors which accounted for 2% of cases. Soft tissue sarcomas, lymphomas, nephroblastoma and retinoblastoma were the four most common tumours. Together they accounted for 88% of all cases. Soft tissue sarcoma was the most common tumour group with 77 cases (37%). Rhabdomyosarcoma was the most common of them accounting for 88% of the soft tissue sarcomas. The second most common group of tumours was lymphoma 52(25%) cases: out of which Burkitt’s lymphoma accounted for 64%, non Burkitts non Hodkins lymphomas 31% while Hodgkins Lymphoma had 6%. Retinoblastoma and nephroblastoma occurred among the very young children while STS and lymphomas predominated in the older children. Conclusion: There is a change in the histopathological pattern of childhood solid malignancies in our environment. Sarcomas are diagnosed more often, a departure from the past where lymphomas were commoner. However Burkitt’s lymphoma is still an important and common childhood cancer.
{"title":"Changing Histopathological Pattern of Paediatric Malignant Tumours Seen at the Jos University Teaching Hospital, North-Central, Nigeria","authors":"D. Yakubu, I. Emmanuel, J. Mandong, M. B. Mafala","doi":"10.9734/JCTI/2019/V9I230103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/JCTI/2019/V9I230103","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Childhood cancer is attracting public health attention in Sub-Saharan Africa because of its’ increasing contribution to morbidity and mortality, and the changing pattern in relative frequency and diagnostic challenges in resources poor settings. The objective of the study was to determine the pattern of malignant childhood tumours in Jos, North-central Nigeria. \u0000Materials and Methods: Records of childhood malignancies diagnosed over a 10 year period was obtained from the hospital cancer registry. Archival paraffin embedded, formalin fixed tissue blocks were retrieved and fresh sections cut and stained with Haematoxylin and Eosin. The slides were reviewed and the histopathological pattern, age, sex and anatomical site of distribution of the tumours were analyzed. \u0000Results: There were 210 cases of childhood malignancies during the period of the study. The male: female ratio was 1.5:1. Mesenchymal tumours predominated (66%), followed by epithelial tumours (32%) and germ cell tumors which accounted for 2% of cases. Soft tissue sarcomas, lymphomas, nephroblastoma and retinoblastoma were the four most common tumours. Together they accounted for 88% of all cases. Soft tissue sarcoma was the most common tumour group with 77 cases (37%). Rhabdomyosarcoma was the most common of them accounting for 88% of the soft tissue sarcomas. The second most common group of tumours was lymphoma 52(25%) cases: out of which Burkitt’s lymphoma accounted for 64%, non Burkitts non Hodkins lymphomas 31% while Hodgkins Lymphoma had 6%. Retinoblastoma and nephroblastoma occurred among the very young children while STS and lymphomas predominated in the older children. \u0000Conclusion: There is a change in the histopathological pattern of childhood solid malignancies in our environment. Sarcomas are diagnosed more often, a departure from the past where lymphomas were commoner. However Burkitt’s lymphoma is still an important and common childhood cancer.","PeriodicalId":161223,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cancer and Tumor International","volume":"438 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122884882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-15DOI: 10.9734/JCTI/2019/V9I230102
N. Ibrahim, A. Hamam
Background: Solitary thyroid nodules are a common clinical problem. None of sonographic features is sufficient to discard or detect malignancy efficiently. Midkine is a novel heparin-binding growth factor, plays critical roles in carcinogenesis. In this study, we aimed to evaluate serum midkine levels in patients with solitary thyroid nodules to predict malignancy. Methods: A total of 100 patients who had solitary thyroid nodules were enrolled in the study. Serum midkine levels were measured. Fine needle aspiration cytology was done to all nodules (25 suspicious/ malignant and 75 benign). Results: Serum midkine levels were significantly higher in patients who had nodules with the following sonographic features; hypoechoic nodules compared to isoechoic and hyperechoic nodules (P=0.024), nodules with microcalcification compared to nodules with macrocalcification or without calcification (P = 0.011), nodules with irregular borders compared to nodules with regular borders (P = 0.014) and nodules more than 2 cm in length than shorter ones (P = 0.011). Serum midkine levels were also higher in nodules with absent halo compared to those with clear halo but with no significant difference (P = 0.660). Also, levels of serum medikine were significantly higher in suspicious/ malignant nodules than in benign nodules (P < 0.001). Conclusion: Serum midkine can predict malignancy in solitary thyroid nodule and also well correlated with sonographic features of thyroid nodules. We suggest that midkine levels may serve as a novel biochemarker in association with sonographic features in evaluation of solitary thyroid nodules.
{"title":"Role of Midkine in Predicting Malignancy in Patient with Solitary Thyroid Nodule","authors":"N. Ibrahim, A. Hamam","doi":"10.9734/JCTI/2019/V9I230102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/JCTI/2019/V9I230102","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Solitary thyroid nodules are a common clinical problem. None of sonographic features is sufficient to discard or detect malignancy efficiently. Midkine is a novel heparin-binding growth factor, plays critical roles in carcinogenesis. In this study, we aimed to evaluate serum midkine levels in patients with solitary thyroid nodules to predict malignancy. \u0000Methods: A total of 100 patients who had solitary thyroid nodules were enrolled in the study. Serum midkine levels were measured. Fine needle aspiration cytology was done to all nodules (25 suspicious/ malignant and 75 benign). \u0000Results: Serum midkine levels were significantly higher in patients who had nodules with the following sonographic features; hypoechoic nodules compared to isoechoic and hyperechoic nodules (P=0.024), nodules with microcalcification compared to nodules with macrocalcification or without calcification (P = 0.011), nodules with irregular borders compared to nodules with regular borders (P = 0.014) and nodules more than 2 cm in length than shorter ones (P = 0.011). Serum midkine levels were also higher in nodules with absent halo compared to those with clear halo but with no significant difference (P = 0.660). Also, levels of serum medikine were significantly higher in suspicious/ malignant nodules than in benign nodules (P < 0.001). \u0000Conclusion: Serum midkine can predict malignancy in solitary thyroid nodule and also well correlated with sonographic features of thyroid nodules. We suggest that midkine levels may serve as a novel biochemarker in association with sonographic features in evaluation of solitary thyroid nodules.","PeriodicalId":161223,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cancer and Tumor International","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129335441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-09DOI: 10.9734/JCTI/2019/V9I130101
H. Elkalla, Mohamed Saad Elzahy, S. Elazab
Introduction: There was an improvement in therapeutic regimens for advanced colorectal cancer (CRC) in the last few decades. The low dose metronomic palliative chemotherapy in patients with advanced CRC after the failure of standard chemotherapy led to a dramatic increase in efficacy, reduction of mortality rates, and improves survival in the form of control symptoms, and enhances or improves quality of life which is an important issue in that group of patients. Patients and Methods: We include 60 Patients with recurrent or metastatic colorectal cancer after failure of multiple lines of chemotherapy. The patients were randomized in two groups either to receive supportive treatment in group A (30 patients) or low dose weekly leucovorin 20 mg/m² plus 5-flourouracil 425 mg/m² for 3 weeks and 1 week rest in group B (30 patients). Patients in group B received palliative chemotherapy for 4 months at least. Results: After a follow up period of 19 months, the mean time to progression (TTP) is 4.9 months for the group (A) but is higher in group (B) as it is 7.8 months and it shows a statistically significant difference (P value <0.001). Also, the mean overall survival(OS) is 15.3 months for group (A) and 18.8 months for group (B) and this is statistically significant (P value <0.002). No grade 3 or 4 toxicity was detected. After 4 months of the study, 29 patients (96.6%) still have the stable disease compared to 18 patients (60%) of group (A). After 8 months, only 12 patients (40%) of group (B) show stable disease while all patients of group (A) have disease progression. Conclusion: We conclude that metronomic weekly leucovorin-5 FU could provide a good tolerable way to go on with chemotherapy treatment while at the same time not have major threatening side effects.
{"title":"Metronomic Low Dose Leucovorin- Fluorouracil versus Supportive Treatment for Patients with Recurrent or Metastatic Colorectal Cancer","authors":"H. Elkalla, Mohamed Saad Elzahy, S. Elazab","doi":"10.9734/JCTI/2019/V9I130101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/JCTI/2019/V9I130101","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: There was an improvement in therapeutic regimens for advanced colorectal cancer (CRC) in the last few decades. The low dose metronomic palliative chemotherapy in patients with advanced CRC after the failure of standard chemotherapy led to a dramatic increase in efficacy, reduction of mortality rates, and improves survival in the form of control symptoms, and enhances or improves quality of life which is an important issue in that group of patients. \u0000Patients and Methods: We include 60 Patients with recurrent or metastatic colorectal cancer after failure of multiple lines of chemotherapy. The patients were randomized in two groups either to receive supportive treatment in group A (30 patients) or low dose weekly leucovorin 20 mg/m² plus 5-flourouracil 425 mg/m² for 3 weeks and 1 week rest in group B (30 patients). Patients in group B received palliative chemotherapy for 4 months at least. \u0000Results: After a follow up period of 19 months, the mean time to progression (TTP) is 4.9 months for the group (A) but is higher in group (B) as it is 7.8 months and it shows a statistically significant difference (P value <0.001). Also, the mean overall survival(OS) is 15.3 months for group (A) and 18.8 months for group (B) and this is statistically significant (P value <0.002). No grade 3 or 4 toxicity was detected. After 4 months of the study, 29 patients (96.6%) still have the stable disease compared to 18 patients (60%) of group (A). After 8 months, only 12 patients (40%) of group (B) show stable disease while all patients of group (A) have disease progression. \u0000Conclusion: We conclude that metronomic weekly leucovorin-5 FU could provide a good tolerable way to go on with chemotherapy treatment while at the same time not have major threatening side effects.","PeriodicalId":161223,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cancer and Tumor International","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126484654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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