Pub Date : 2019-04-20DOI: 10.9734/JCTI/2019/V9I130100
S. Acharyya, Bidisha Ghosh, S. Biswas
Introduction: In a tribal population based area in West Bengal, India though carcinoma cervix is the commonest malignancy in female patients, yet apart from that carcinoma breast is also increasing in number in the recent years. Breast cancer accounts for approximately 26.6% of female malignancy in the radiation oncology out-patient-department of our teaching hospital. Aims and Objectives: To compare conventional RT regimen (50 Gy in 25 fractions over 5 weeks) with one hypofractionated regimen (40Gy in 15 fractions over 3 weeks) in stage II & stage III breast cancer patients as adjuvant radiation therapy in terms of local control, survival and adverse reactions. Materials and Methods: It is a retrospective study which has been conducted in the department of Radiotherapy in BSMC (Bankura Sammilani Medical College) spanning from May 2012 to April 2017. A total number of patients included in this study was 302, out of which thirty six patients failed to follow up. So total of 266 patients included in the study were all histologically proved carcinoma breast treated surgically (97.74% by MRM & rest by BCS) with curative intent following which RT was used as adjuvant therapy. In one group (consisting of 133 patients) conventional regimen (50Gy in 25 fractions) was used. In another group (consisting the other 133 patients) dose-schedule used was a hypofractionated one i.e. 40Gy in 15 fractions. Dose per fraction in the 1st group was 2 Gy whereas in 2nd group it was 2.66 Gy. In all patients, RT was given in 5 days a week. Systemic therapy was administered as and when indicated. Results: 4-year disease-free-survival (DFS) in conventional group was 78.94% and in hypofractionated group was 82.70%, (p value >0.05). 4-year overall survival (OS) in conventional group was 81.20% & in hypofractionated group was 85.70%, (p value >0.05). While adverse reactions in terms of both acute & chronic radiation toxicities were considered, there was no significant difference in between the two groups. Conclusion: There is no significant difference between the conventional regimen and this hypofractionated regimen in terms of OS DFS & adverse reactions in this tribal-based Indian population. Hence, in our institution, we usually prefer Hypofractionated radiotherapy (40Gy/15 fractions) in adjuvant settings for breast cancer patients.
简介:在印度西孟加拉邦的一个部落人口为基础的地区，虽然宫颈癌是女性患者中最常见的恶性肿瘤，但除此之外，近年来乳腺癌的数量也在增加。在我院放射肿瘤科门诊，乳腺癌约占女性恶性肿瘤的26.6%。目的和目的:比较常规放疗方案(50 Gy, 25次，5周)与低分割方案(40Gy, 15次，3周)在II期和III期乳腺癌患者中作为辅助放疗的局部控制、生存和不良反应。材料与方法:回顾性研究于2012年5月至2017年4月在BSMC (Bankura Sammilani Medical College)放射学系进行。本研究共纳入302例患者，其中36例患者未能随访。因此，纳入研究的266例患者均为经组织学证实的手术治疗的乳腺癌患者(97.74%为MRM，其余为BCS)，以治愈为目的，然后使用RT作为辅助治疗。一组(133例患者)采用常规治疗方案(25次50Gy)。在另一组(由其他133名患者组成)中，使用的剂量计划是低分割的，即40Gy分为15份。第一组的剂量是2gy，第二组是2.66 Gy。所有患者每周5天给予放疗。当有指示时给予全身治疗。结果:常规组4年无病生存率(DFS)为78.94%，分割组为82.70%，差异均有统计学意义(p值>0.05)。常规组4年总生存率为81.20%，低分割组4年总生存率为85.70%，差异有统计学意义(p值>0.05)。虽然考虑了急性和慢性辐射毒性方面的不良反应，但两组之间没有显着差异。结论:在该部落型印第安人群中，常规方案与低分割方案在OS、DFS和不良反应方面无显著差异。因此，在我们的机构中，我们通常倾向于在辅助环境下对乳腺癌患者进行低分割放疗(40Gy/15次)。
{"title":"Hypofractionation in Breast Cancer - A Retrospective Study in a Tribal Population Based Medical College in West Bengal, India","authors":"S. Acharyya, Bidisha Ghosh, S. Biswas","doi":"10.9734/JCTI/2019/V9I130100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/JCTI/2019/V9I130100","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: In a tribal population based area in West Bengal, India though carcinoma cervix is the commonest malignancy in female patients, yet apart from that carcinoma breast is also increasing in number in the recent years. Breast cancer accounts for approximately 26.6% of female malignancy in the radiation oncology out-patient-department of our teaching hospital. \u0000Aims and Objectives: To compare conventional RT regimen (50 Gy in 25 fractions over 5 weeks) with one hypofractionated regimen (40Gy in 15 fractions over 3 weeks) in stage II & stage III breast cancer patients as adjuvant radiation therapy in terms of local control, survival and adverse reactions. \u0000Materials and Methods: It is a retrospective study which has been conducted in the department of Radiotherapy in BSMC (Bankura Sammilani Medical College) spanning from May 2012 to April 2017. A total number of patients included in this study was 302, out of which thirty six patients failed to follow up. So total of 266 patients included in the study were all histologically proved carcinoma breast treated surgically (97.74% by MRM & rest by BCS) with curative intent following which RT was used as adjuvant therapy. In one group (consisting of 133 patients) conventional regimen (50Gy in 25 fractions) was used. In another group (consisting the other 133 patients) dose-schedule used was a hypofractionated one i.e. 40Gy in 15 fractions. Dose per fraction in the 1st group was 2 Gy whereas in 2nd group it was 2.66 Gy. In all patients, RT was given in 5 days a week. Systemic therapy was administered as and when indicated. \u0000Results: 4-year disease-free-survival (DFS) in conventional group was 78.94% and in hypofractionated group was 82.70%, (p value >0.05). 4-year overall survival (OS) in conventional group was 81.20% & in hypofractionated group was 85.70%, (p value >0.05). While adverse reactions in terms of both acute & chronic radiation toxicities were considered, there was no significant difference in between the two groups. \u0000Conclusion: There is no significant difference between the conventional regimen and this hypofractionated regimen in terms of OS DFS & adverse reactions in this tribal-based Indian population. Hence, in our institution, we usually prefer Hypofractionated radiotherapy (40Gy/15 fractions) in adjuvant settings for breast cancer patients.","PeriodicalId":161223,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cancer and Tumor International","volume":"75 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123983144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-11DOI: 10.9734/JCTI/2019/V9I130099
S. Elshaer, L. Rashed, M. A. Hamid
Background: The main cause of cancer deaths amongst women breast cancer remains a clinical and social challenge, and a serious public health problem. On a worldwide level, it continues to be a devastating disorder.BECN1 is a tumor suppressor gene implicated in the initiation of autophagy. It encodes beclin-1 protein that inhibits cancer growth. There is wide disputation concerning its role in initiation, promotion of tumor and predictive importance of autophagic molecules. Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) induces process of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) keeping, epithelial cells more motile and invasive resulting in cancer progression and metastasis. Aim: Detection of beclin-1 expression level in metastatic and non-metastatic breast cancer patients and study its role in tumorigenesis of breast cancer through attainable association with the inflammatory cytokine, TGF-β. Methods: Expression levels of beclin-1 and TGF-β were assessed in 70 breast cancer female patients and 20 controls using quantitative real-time PCR. Results: Beclin-1 expression levels as well as TGF-β were significantly higher in metastatic breast cancer patients and non-metastatic patients compared to controls. Positive correlation was found between beclin-1 expression level and TGF-β expression level in breast cancer patients. Conclusion: Our results indicated that over-expression of both beclin-1 and TGF-β was associated with aggressive clinical outcomes of breast cancer patients and tumor growth. These findings suggest that beclin-1 and TGF-β are associated with tumorigenesis of breast cancer.
{"title":"Diagnostic Significance of Beclin-1 and Transforming Growth Factor β in Breast Cancer","authors":"S. Elshaer, L. Rashed, M. A. Hamid","doi":"10.9734/JCTI/2019/V9I130099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/JCTI/2019/V9I130099","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The main cause of cancer deaths amongst women breast cancer remains a clinical and social challenge, and a serious public health problem. On a worldwide level, it continues to be a devastating disorder.BECN1 is a tumor suppressor gene implicated in the initiation of autophagy. It encodes beclin-1 protein that inhibits cancer growth. There is wide disputation concerning its role in initiation, promotion of tumor and predictive importance of autophagic molecules. Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) induces process of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) keeping, epithelial cells more motile and invasive resulting in cancer progression and metastasis. \u0000Aim: Detection of beclin-1 expression level in metastatic and non-metastatic breast cancer patients and study its role in tumorigenesis of breast cancer through attainable association with the inflammatory cytokine, TGF-β. \u0000Methods: Expression levels of beclin-1 and TGF-β were assessed in 70 breast cancer female patients and 20 controls using quantitative real-time PCR. \u0000Results: Beclin-1 expression levels as well as TGF-β were significantly higher in metastatic breast cancer patients and non-metastatic patients compared to controls. Positive correlation was found between beclin-1 expression level and TGF-β expression level in breast cancer patients. \u0000Conclusion: Our results indicated that over-expression of both beclin-1 and TGF-β was associated with aggressive clinical outcomes of breast cancer patients and tumor growth. These findings suggest that beclin-1 and TGF-β are associated with tumorigenesis of breast cancer.","PeriodicalId":161223,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cancer and Tumor International","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125220998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-03DOI: 10.9734/JCTI/2019/V9I130098
Asafu Munema, J. Yahaya, R. Lukande, S. Kalungi
Aims: The aims of the current study were to determine the prevalence of epidermal growth factor (EGFR) receptor in patients diagnosed with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) as well as assessing the correlation of overexpression of EGFR with age, gender and tumor grades of the cases. Study Design: This was a cross-sectional analytical study. Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted in the pathology laboratory at the department of pathology, Makerere College of Health Sciences, Kampala-Uganda for five months. Methodology: A sample of 127 archival tissue blocks from patients with ESCC diagnosed between 2010 and 2012 were retrieved from the tissue repository and used to assess overexpression of EGFR using monoclonal mouse Anti-human wild type EGFR antibody. For association between age and overexpression of EGFR, Kruskal- Wallis H test was used and for tumor grade and sex and EGFR, Chi-Square test was performed using SPSS version 16.0. P ˂ .05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The age range of the patients with ESCC in this study was 35-99 years with mean of 59.55 years. The peak age of the cases was 55-64 years. Males and females were 68.5% and 31.5% respectively. Moderately differentiated tumors dominated by comprising 59.9%. The prevalence of overexpression of EGFR was 61.4%. The highest overexpression of EGFR was seen in cases with grade 2 compared to grade 1 and 3 but not statistically significant (P = .255). Overexpression of EGFR was relatively higher in cases with age ≥ 50 years, but the difference was not statistically significant (P = .931). Males expressed relatively higher EGFR than females, however, the difference was not statistically significant (P = .944). Conclusions: Majority of patients with ESCC in Uganda have moderately differentiated tumor and a significant number of them tend to show overexpression of EGFR antigen.
{"title":"Overexpression of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Its Correlation with Clinicopathological Characteristics in Central Uganda","authors":"Asafu Munema, J. Yahaya, R. Lukande, S. Kalungi","doi":"10.9734/JCTI/2019/V9I130098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/JCTI/2019/V9I130098","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: The aims of the current study were to determine the prevalence of epidermal growth factor (EGFR) receptor in patients diagnosed with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) as well as assessing the correlation of overexpression of EGFR with age, gender and tumor grades of the cases. \u0000Study Design: This was a cross-sectional analytical study. \u0000Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted in the pathology laboratory at the department of pathology, Makerere College of Health Sciences, Kampala-Uganda for five months. \u0000Methodology: A sample of 127 archival tissue blocks from patients with ESCC diagnosed between 2010 and 2012 were retrieved from the tissue repository and used to assess overexpression of EGFR using monoclonal mouse Anti-human wild type EGFR antibody. For association between age and overexpression of EGFR, Kruskal- Wallis H test was used and for tumor grade and sex and EGFR, Chi-Square test was performed using SPSS version 16.0. P ˂ .05 was considered statistically significant. \u0000Results: The age range of the patients with ESCC in this study was 35-99 years with mean of 59.55 years. The peak age of the cases was 55-64 years. Males and females were 68.5% and 31.5% respectively. Moderately differentiated tumors dominated by comprising 59.9%. The prevalence of overexpression of EGFR was 61.4%. The highest overexpression of EGFR was seen in cases with grade 2 compared to grade 1 and 3 but not statistically significant (P = .255). Overexpression of EGFR was relatively higher in cases with age ≥ 50 years, but the difference was not statistically significant (P = .931). Males expressed relatively higher EGFR than females, however, the difference was not statistically significant (P = .944). \u0000Conclusions: Majority of patients with ESCC in Uganda have moderately differentiated tumor and a significant number of them tend to show overexpression of EGFR antigen.","PeriodicalId":161223,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cancer and Tumor International","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115484439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-25DOI: 10.9734/JCTI/2019/V9I130097
A. Abdel-Aziz, D. Abdallah
Objective: Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the most frequent histologic type of all thyroid malignancies. The presence of characteristic nuclear changes focally in a thyroid lesion may cause diagnostic dilemma. Immunohistochemistry may be helpful in the diagnosis of PTC yet not conclusive. The aim of this study is to test the applicability immunohistochemical markers; CK19, P63, CD56 and CD117 in distinguishing PTC from other follicular thyroid. Methods: Fifty nine cases of unequivocal diagnosis were selected to be rolled in our study; 24 papillary carcinoma cases and 35 cases representing other follicular throid lesions. Immunohistological studies include CK19, P63, CD56 and CD117. Subsequent statistical analysis of immunohistochemical data in relation to diagnosis was performed. Results: The diagnosis of PTC was significantly associated with Strong diffuse Ck19 expression, P63 expression and negative CD56 in relation to studied non PTC follicular thyroid lesions. On the other hand, CD117 was negative in most of the studied thyroid lesions with no significant difference between PTC and other lesions. CK19 was the most sensitive marker (91.2%) and P63 was the most specific one (87.5%), with better specificity in combining markers. Expression of CK19 and lost CD56 provided 97.1% sensitivity and 91.2% diagnostic accuracy in differentiating PTC from other studied lesions. Conclusions: Immunohistochemical markers, Ck19, P63 and CD56 are helpful in diagnosis of PTC and their combination can further improve diagnostic accuracy. CD117 is of no value in the diagnosis of studied cases.
{"title":"Role of Immunohistochemistry in Diagnosis of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma: The Use of Ck19, CD56, P63 and CD117","authors":"A. Abdel-Aziz, D. Abdallah","doi":"10.9734/JCTI/2019/V9I130097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/JCTI/2019/V9I130097","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the most frequent histologic type of all thyroid malignancies. The presence of characteristic nuclear changes focally in a thyroid lesion may cause diagnostic dilemma. Immunohistochemistry may be helpful in the diagnosis of PTC yet not conclusive. The aim of this study is to test the applicability immunohistochemical markers; CK19, P63, CD56 and CD117 in distinguishing PTC from other follicular thyroid. \u0000Methods: Fifty nine cases of unequivocal diagnosis were selected to be rolled in our study; 24 papillary carcinoma cases and 35 cases representing other follicular throid lesions. Immunohistological studies include CK19, P63, CD56 and CD117. Subsequent statistical analysis of immunohistochemical data in relation to diagnosis was performed. \u0000Results: The diagnosis of PTC was significantly associated with Strong diffuse Ck19 expression, P63 expression and negative CD56 in relation to studied non PTC follicular thyroid lesions. On the other hand, CD117 was negative in most of the studied thyroid lesions with no significant difference between PTC and other lesions. CK19 was the most sensitive marker (91.2%) and P63 was the most specific one (87.5%), with better specificity in combining markers. Expression of CK19 and lost CD56 provided 97.1% sensitivity and 91.2% diagnostic accuracy in differentiating PTC from other studied lesions. \u0000Conclusions: Immunohistochemical markers, Ck19, P63 and CD56 are helpful in diagnosis of PTC and their combination can further improve diagnostic accuracy. CD117 is of no value in the diagnosis of studied cases.","PeriodicalId":161223,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cancer and Tumor International","volume":"117 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132336185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-12DOI: 10.9734/JCTI/2018/V8I230096
Jennings Hernandez, Anjali Kumar
In the United States, skin cancer is the most common cancer diagnosed. The three types of skin cancer are basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and melanoma. Of those, basal and squamous cell carcinomas are the most diagnosed skin cancer types. Both of which are curable, however they can mar skin in addition to being expensive to fight. Melanoma places in third for being diagnosed. All three types of skin cancer are linked to ultraviolet light rays which come from the sun, tanning beds and sunlamps. The checklist for early detection includes being aware of changes to your skin, visiting a licensed dermatologist or primary care physician to receive a body scan and assess for any skin concerns. By the same token, phone apps, recognition technologies, and devices for early detection have become a few of the forward-thinking prevention techniques for the future because of the knowledge that early detection leads to a better survival outcome. These phone apps analyzing digital images of moles and lesions for instance and determining the risk of cancer. This paper will delve into several apps that are on the market for smartphones that can be used for prevention of skin cancer. For example, Nevisense is a device used in office that's FDA-approved, painless and there's no downtime. In minutes, a doctor can use it on sunspots and moles that look suspicious or concerning. The device sends an electrical frequency into the skin and depending on the way the current travels, the device will notify the doctor whether a biopsy is recommended.
{"title":"Technological Applications in Skin Cancer Prevention","authors":"Jennings Hernandez, Anjali Kumar","doi":"10.9734/JCTI/2018/V8I230096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/JCTI/2018/V8I230096","url":null,"abstract":"In the United States, skin cancer is the most common cancer diagnosed. The three types of skin cancer are basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and melanoma. Of those, basal and squamous cell carcinomas are the most diagnosed skin cancer types. Both of which are curable, however they can mar skin in addition to being expensive to fight. Melanoma places in third for being diagnosed. All three types of skin cancer are linked to ultraviolet light rays which come from the sun, tanning beds and sunlamps. The checklist for early detection includes being aware of changes to your skin, visiting a licensed dermatologist or primary care physician to receive a body scan and assess for any skin concerns. By the same token, phone apps, recognition technologies, and devices for early detection have become a few of the forward-thinking prevention techniques for the future because of the knowledge that early detection leads to a better survival outcome. These phone apps analyzing digital images of moles and lesions for instance and determining the risk of cancer. This paper will delve into several apps that are on the market for smartphones that can be used for prevention of skin cancer. For example, Nevisense is a device used in office that's FDA-approved, painless and there's no downtime. In minutes, a doctor can use it on sunspots and moles that look suspicious or concerning. The device sends an electrical frequency into the skin and depending on the way the current travels, the device will notify the doctor whether a biopsy is recommended.","PeriodicalId":161223,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cancer and Tumor International","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130267702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-09DOI: 10.9734/JCTI/2018/V8I230095
K. Korubo, O. A. Ejele, C. Nwauche
Aims: To determine if AIHA plays a role in anaemia associated with malignancies, and ascertain the cancers in which AIHA occurs. Study Design: This was a cross-sectional case-control study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Haematology and Blood Transfusion, University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Rivers, Nigeria. Methodology: We conducted the study on patients with malignancies either on admission in the wards or attending follow up clinics. Healthy age/sex-matched subjects were used as controls. Cases with and without chemotherapy were analyzed as subgroups. Three hundred and seventy-six (376) participants (188 cancer patients and 188 controls) were enrolled in the study. Full blood count, reticulocyte count, blood film, direct antiglobulin test (DAT), indirect antiglobulin test (IAT) and bilirubin assays were conducted on anticoagulated blood samples of all the patients and controls. The DAT was performed on a fresh sample not more than 6 hours after collection using polyspecific anti-human globulin. Results: Three (1.6%) of the 188 patients with malignancies were found to have a positive DAT of which 2 (1.1%) had strongly positive DAT with features of haemolysis and therefore had AIHA. The two patients with AIHA had chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. The third case was a weak positive DAT with malignant teratoma but did not have features of haemolysis. The cases of both AIHA and DAT were found in the group without chemotherapy. AIHA was the aetiology of anaemia in 2 (2%) of the 98 cases who had anaemia and were chemotherapy naive. Conclusion: AIHA plays a minor role in the aetiology of anaemia in cancer and is more common in lymphoid malignancies. A positive DAT may occur without features of haemolysis.
{"title":"Autoimmune Haemolytic Anaemia in Patients with Cancer Diagnoses","authors":"K. Korubo, O. A. Ejele, C. Nwauche","doi":"10.9734/JCTI/2018/V8I230095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/JCTI/2018/V8I230095","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: To determine if AIHA plays a role in anaemia associated with malignancies, and ascertain the cancers in which AIHA occurs. \u0000Study Design: This was a cross-sectional case-control study. \u0000Place and Duration of Study: Department of Haematology and Blood Transfusion, University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Rivers, Nigeria. \u0000Methodology: We conducted the study on patients with malignancies either on admission in the wards or attending follow up clinics. Healthy age/sex-matched subjects were used as controls. Cases with and without chemotherapy were analyzed as subgroups. Three hundred and seventy-six (376) participants (188 cancer patients and 188 controls) were enrolled in the study. Full blood count, reticulocyte count, blood film, direct antiglobulin test (DAT), indirect antiglobulin test (IAT) and bilirubin assays were conducted on anticoagulated blood samples of all the patients and controls. The DAT was performed on a fresh sample not more than 6 hours after collection using polyspecific anti-human globulin. \u0000Results: Three (1.6%) of the 188 patients with malignancies were found to have a positive DAT of which 2 (1.1%) had strongly positive DAT with features of haemolysis and therefore had AIHA. The two patients with AIHA had chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. The third case was a weak positive DAT with malignant teratoma but did not have features of haemolysis. The cases of both AIHA and DAT were found in the group without chemotherapy. AIHA was the aetiology of anaemia in 2 (2%) of the 98 cases who had anaemia and were chemotherapy naive. \u0000Conclusion: AIHA plays a minor role in the aetiology of anaemia in cancer and is more common in lymphoid malignancies. A positive DAT may occur without features of haemolysis.","PeriodicalId":161223,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cancer and Tumor International","volume":"104 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128024483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-02-15DOI: 10.9734/JCTI/2018/V8I230093
Debjit Ghosh, Bidyut Mondal, A. Basu, Janmenjoy Mondal, S. Gangopadhyay
Objectives: Retinoblastoma is the most common intraocular malignancy afflicting children worldwide. Even though there are enough data about the epidemiology of retinoblastoma in western population, there are only few reports from developing countries like India. In this retrospective study, we aimed to describe the epidemiological patterns, survival characteristics and prognostic factors of retinoblastoma. Materials and Methods: From medical records, we retrospectively analyzed the data of 68 children diagnosed in our hospital between January 2013 and December 2017 as having retinoblastoma. Data on sex, religion, laterality, age at diagnosis, presenting signs, family history, lag time for treatment, cause of such lag time and spread of tumor, treatment mode, and survival time were collected. Results: The median age of onset was 22 ± 19.73 months (range 2-92 months).The median patient age of onset of the unilateral cases was 23 ± 20.6 months, and that of the bilateral cases was 21 ±16.2 months. The median overall survival was 28.1±2.2 months. For unilateral cases, it was 30.1±2.5 months and for bilateral cases it was 19.7±2.9 months. The overall progression free survival (PFS) was 22.2±2.3 months. For unilateral cases, it was 24.18±2.7 months and for bilateral cases it was 13.9±2.9 months. 4 cases of familial retinoblastoma were reported. Among the 13 bilateral cases, 3 were found to have pinealoblastoma too. On Cox regression analysis, age of onset below 36 months, diagnostic delay of less than 5 months and delay of treatment initiation (after diagnosis) less than 2 months were found to have significant effect on OS. The former two were found to have significant effect on PFS but not the latter (p<0.05 and HR>1). Conclusions: Almost 81% of patients presented at an advanced stage of the disease, the reason being accounted by diagnostic and therapeutic delay by virtue of a number of causes, the major one being eluded by apparently nonviolent yet ineffective alternative medicine practices. In spite of following the institutional protocols which are at par to the international guidelines, analysis shows much poorer survival in this study compared to those of developed countries. The cause might be such late presentation of the cases in already advanced stages of the disease.
{"title":"Retinoblastoma – Lessons Learned about Patterns of Care and Contributory Factors from 5 Years’ Experience in a Tertiary Care Center in Eastern India","authors":"Debjit Ghosh, Bidyut Mondal, A. Basu, Janmenjoy Mondal, S. Gangopadhyay","doi":"10.9734/JCTI/2018/V8I230093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/JCTI/2018/V8I230093","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: Retinoblastoma is the most common intraocular malignancy afflicting children worldwide. Even though there are enough data about the epidemiology of retinoblastoma in western population, there are only few reports from developing countries like India. In this retrospective study, we aimed to describe the epidemiological patterns, survival characteristics and prognostic factors of retinoblastoma. \u0000Materials and Methods: From medical records, we retrospectively analyzed the data of 68 children diagnosed in our hospital between January 2013 and December 2017 as having retinoblastoma. Data on sex, religion, laterality, age at diagnosis, presenting signs, family history, lag time for treatment, cause of such lag time and spread of tumor, treatment mode, and survival time were collected. \u0000Results: The median age of onset was 22 ± 19.73 months (range 2-92 months).The median patient age of onset of the unilateral cases was 23 ± 20.6 months, and that of the bilateral cases was 21 ±16.2 months. The median overall survival was 28.1±2.2 months. For unilateral cases, it was 30.1±2.5 months and for bilateral cases it was 19.7±2.9 months. The overall progression free survival (PFS) was 22.2±2.3 months. For unilateral cases, it was 24.18±2.7 months and for bilateral cases it was 13.9±2.9 months. \u00004 cases of familial retinoblastoma were reported. Among the 13 bilateral cases, 3 were found to have pinealoblastoma too. On Cox regression analysis, age of onset below 36 months, diagnostic delay of less than 5 months and delay of treatment initiation (after diagnosis) less than 2 months were found to have significant effect on OS. The former two were found to have significant effect on PFS but not the latter (p<0.05 and HR>1). \u0000Conclusions: Almost 81% of patients presented at an advanced stage of the disease, the reason being accounted by diagnostic and therapeutic delay by virtue of a number of causes, the major one being eluded by apparently nonviolent yet ineffective alternative medicine practices. In spite of following the institutional protocols which are at par to the international guidelines, analysis shows much poorer survival in this study compared to those of developed countries. The cause might be such late presentation of the cases in already advanced stages of the disease.","PeriodicalId":161223,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cancer and Tumor International","volume":"540 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123111148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Biswas, R. Joarder, K. Choudhury, S. Adhikary, S. Acharyya, C. Dasgupta
Objective: This study was designed to comparatively analyse the response and survival between Carboplatin plus Paclitaxel (TP) vs. 5FU plus Epirubicin plus Cyclophosphamide (FEC) in ER, PR and HER-2 neu negative Breast Cancer patients of locally advanced breast cancer (LABC), large operable breast cancer (LOBC) and selected early breast cancer (EBC) patients as Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy (NACT). Methods: In this single institutional retrospective study total 73, AJCC 7th Stage group IIB ∼ IIIB, TNBC patients were included. Patients received 6 cycles of either Inj. Paclitaxel 175 mg/m IV plus Inj. Carboplatin at an AUC 5 IV on day1, every 21 days or Inj. 5FU 500 mg/m IV plus Inj. Epirubicin100 mg/m 2 IV plus Inj. Cyclophosphamide 500 mg/m 2 IV on day1, every 21 days. Original Research Article Biswas et al.; JCTI, 8(2): 1-7, 2018; Article no.JCTI.46585 2 Response was assessed after 6 cycles using RECIST v1.1. Modified Radical Mastectomy (MRM) and adjuvant Post Mastectomy Radiation Therapy (PMRT) were done as and when indicated. Survival benefit was comparatively analysed in terms of median progression free survival (mPFS) and Overall Survival (OS). Results: Out of total 73 Triple-negative Breast Cancer(TNBC) patients 37 (3 EBC, 11 LOBC and 23 LABC) received FEC and 36 (2 EBC, 13 LOBC and 21 LABC) received TP. Age, menopausal status and number of first/second degree relatives affected, Nottingham Prognostic Index (NPI) were closely comparable for both arms. MRM could be done in 62.2% (FEC) and 86.1% (TP) patients (p value 0.020). PostNACT pathological T0 (ypT0) was achieved in 13.5% & 41.7% patients of FEC and TP arms, respectively (p value 0.007). Complete response (CR) and partial response (PR) were achieved in 13.5% and 43.2% (FEC arm) vs. 33.3% and 63.9% (TP arm); p value 0.001. mPFS was 13 months(FEC) vs. 17 months(TP) (p value 0.001). No significant difference in terms of severe hematological toxicities was found (21.6% Vs 22.2%, p=0.61) though neurological toxicities were slightly more common in TP arm. Conclusion: Platin-taxane combination chemotherapy was proven promising over anthracyclinebased combination chemotherapy in neo-adjuvant setting while treating TNBC of various stages in terms of efficacy considering tolerable toxicity profile.
目的:比较分析卡铂+紫杉醇(TP)与5FU +表柔比星+环磷酰胺(FEC)在ER、PR和HER-2新阴性乳腺癌局部晚期乳腺癌(LABC)、大可手术乳腺癌(LOBC)及部分早期乳腺癌(EBC)患者新辅助化疗(NACT)中的疗效和生存期。方法:在这项单机构回顾性研究中，共纳入73例AJCC 7期IIB ~ IIIB组TNBC患者。患者分别接受6个周期的注射。紫杉醇175 mg/m IV + Inj。卡铂在第1天AUC 5 IV，每21天或注射5FU 500 mg/m IV + Inj。表柔比星100 mg/m 2 IV + Inj。环磷酰胺500 mg/m 2 IV，第1天，每21天。Biswas et al.;生物工程学报，8(2):1-7,2018;文章no.JCTI。使用RECIST v1.1评估6个周期后的疗效。改良根治性乳房切除术(MRM)和辅助乳房切除术后放射治疗(PMRT)在指征时进行。生存获益根据中位无进展生存期(mPFS)和总生存期(OS)进行比较分析。结果:73例三阴性乳腺癌(TNBC)患者中，37例(EBC 3例，LOBC 11例，LABC 23例)接受FEC治疗，36例(EBC 2例，LOBC 13例，LABC 21例)接受TP治疗。年龄、绝经状态和受影响的一/二度亲属数量、诺丁汉预后指数(NPI)在两组中具有密切的可比性。62.2% (FEC)和86.1% (TP)的患者可以进行MRM检查(p值0.020)。FEC组和TP组术后病理T0 (ypT0)分别达到13.5%和41.7% (p值0.007)。完全缓解(CR)和部分缓解(PR)分别为13.5%和43.2% (FEC组)和33.3%和63.9% (TP组);P值0.001。mPFS分别为13个月(FEC)和17个月(TP) (p值0.001)。在严重的血液学毒性方面没有发现显著差异(21.6% Vs 22.2%， p=0.61)，尽管神经毒性在TP组中略常见。结论:在新辅助治疗中，铂紫杉烷联合化疗在治疗不同分期TNBC的疗效方面优于蒽环类联合化疗。
{"title":"Comparative Analysis between an Anthracycline Based Regimen and a Platin Based Regimen in Neoadjuvant Setting for Triple-negative Breast Cancer: A Single Institutional Retrospective Study","authors":"S. Biswas, R. Joarder, K. Choudhury, S. Adhikary, S. Acharyya, C. Dasgupta","doi":"10.9734/JCTI/2018/46585","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/JCTI/2018/46585","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: This study was designed to comparatively analyse the response and survival between Carboplatin plus Paclitaxel (TP) vs. 5FU plus Epirubicin plus Cyclophosphamide (FEC) in ER, PR and HER-2 neu negative Breast Cancer patients of locally advanced breast cancer (LABC), large operable breast cancer (LOBC) and selected early breast cancer (EBC) patients as Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy (NACT). Methods: In this single institutional retrospective study total 73, AJCC 7th Stage group IIB ∼ IIIB, TNBC patients were included. Patients received 6 cycles of either Inj. Paclitaxel 175 mg/m IV plus Inj. Carboplatin at an AUC 5 IV on day1, every 21 days or Inj. 5FU 500 mg/m IV plus Inj. Epirubicin100 mg/m 2 IV plus Inj. Cyclophosphamide 500 mg/m 2 IV on day1, every 21 days. Original Research Article Biswas et al.; JCTI, 8(2): 1-7, 2018; Article no.JCTI.46585 2 Response was assessed after 6 cycles using RECIST v1.1. Modified Radical Mastectomy (MRM) and adjuvant Post Mastectomy Radiation Therapy (PMRT) were done as and when indicated. Survival benefit was comparatively analysed in terms of median progression free survival (mPFS) and Overall Survival (OS). Results: Out of total 73 Triple-negative Breast Cancer(TNBC) patients 37 (3 EBC, 11 LOBC and 23 LABC) received FEC and 36 (2 EBC, 13 LOBC and 21 LABC) received TP. Age, menopausal status and number of first/second degree relatives affected, Nottingham Prognostic Index (NPI) were closely comparable for both arms. MRM could be done in 62.2% (FEC) and 86.1% (TP) patients (p value 0.020). PostNACT pathological T0 (ypT0) was achieved in 13.5% & 41.7% patients of FEC and TP arms, respectively (p value 0.007). Complete response (CR) and partial response (PR) were achieved in 13.5% and 43.2% (FEC arm) vs. 33.3% and 63.9% (TP arm); p value 0.001. mPFS was 13 months(FEC) vs. 17 months(TP) (p value 0.001). No significant difference in terms of severe hematological toxicities was found (21.6% Vs 22.2%, p=0.61) though neurological toxicities were slightly more common in TP arm. Conclusion: Platin-taxane combination chemotherapy was proven promising over anthracyclinebased combination chemotherapy in neo-adjuvant setting while treating TNBC of various stages in terms of efficacy considering tolerable toxicity profile.","PeriodicalId":161223,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cancer and Tumor International","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124213705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Geeta Acharya, T. Premalatha, K. A. Kulkarni, G. Sumangala, B. Vishakha
{"title":"Granulosa Cell Tumour of Ovary: Review of Cases at Tertiary Care Centre","authors":"Geeta Acharya, T. Premalatha, K. A. Kulkarni, G. Sumangala, B. Vishakha","doi":"10.9734/JCTI/2018/47008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/JCTI/2018/47008","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":161223,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cancer and Tumor International","volume":"237 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120963317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Arora, S. Saini, V. Nautiyal, S. Verma, Meenu Gupta, B. P. Kalra, Mushtaq Ahmad
{"title":"Pattern of Cancer Pain in Patients Admitted at a Tertiary Care Centre in Northern India- A Prospective Observational Study","authors":"A. Arora, S. Saini, V. Nautiyal, S. Verma, Meenu Gupta, B. P. Kalra, Mushtaq Ahmad","doi":"10.9734/JCTI/2018/46766","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/JCTI/2018/46766","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":161223,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cancer and Tumor International","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127760924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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