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Who are my Visitors and Where do They Come From? An Analysis Based on Foursquare Check-ins and Place-based Semantics 谁是我的访客,他们从哪里来?基于Foursquare签到和地点语义的分析
Pub Date : 2015-11-23 DOI: 10.2312/udmv.20151350
P. Hallot, K. Stewart, R. Billen
Activity recommendation systems aims at providing relevant information depending on targeted users' groups. For instance in a city, it makes sense to differentiate local residents from tourists. This research investigates to what extent the anonymized data collected from social networks can be used as a basis for making activity recommendations associated with local residents versus tourists when visiting a public place, such as a museum or gallery. Using rules based on the spatial, temporal and semantics of visited places, we are able to infer if a user is likely to be local or a tourist, based on anonymous sample Foursquare data and place-based semantics retrieved using Google Places API. Using semantics of visited places, it becomes possible to infer additional information about a user based on their movements over space and time. Depending on the kind and frequency of visited places, inferences about the aim of a visit to a location are possible. This analysis could provide information to users in the form of recommendations based on their movements while travelling around an area. This study has been performed using Foursquare check-ins for visitors to the Art Institute of Chicago between March 2010 and January 2011.
活动推荐系统旨在根据目标用户群体提供相关信息。例如,在一个城市,区分当地居民和游客是有意义的。这项研究调查了从社交网络收集的匿名数据在多大程度上可以作为在参观公共场所(如博物馆或画廊)时与当地居民和游客相关的活动推荐的基础。使用基于访问地点的空间、时间和语义的规则,我们能够根据匿名的Foursquare样本数据和使用Google places API检索的基于地点的语义推断出用户可能是本地用户还是游客。使用访问地点的语义,可以根据用户在空间和时间上的移动推断出有关用户的其他信息。根据访问地点的种类和频率,可以推断出访问地点的目的。这种分析可以根据用户在某个地区旅行时的动作,以推荐的形式向用户提供信息。这项研究是在2010年3月至2011年1月期间使用Foursquare签到芝加哥艺术学院的游客进行的。
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引用次数: 4
Conceptualizing, Managing and Developing: A Web Based 3D City Information Model for Urban Energy Demand Simulation 概念、管理与开发:基于Web的城市能源需求模拟三维城市信息模型
Pub Date : 2015-11-23 DOI: 10.2312/udmv.20151347
R. Padsala, V. Coors
In this paper we describe a concept to manage and develop a web based virtual 3D scene, based on CityGML LoD 2 models, DTM tiles, ortho-photos and energy simulation results of specific heating demand and photovoltaic potential generated from SimStadt simulation platform, by integrating it on ESRI 3D City Information Model (3DCIM) platform. The final output results into a web based 3D visualization of multiple layers of building attributes such as building age, building height, building type, building usage and energy simulation results in terms of specific heating demand and PV potential. Additionally 3D modelling of trees and waterbody were produced based on its location to visually enrich the final virtual 3D scene.
本文提出了一种基于CityGML LoD 2模型、DTM瓦片、正射照片以及SimStadt仿真平台生成的比热需求和光伏电势的能量仿真结果,并将其集成到ESRI三维城市信息模型(3DCIM)平台上,管理和开发基于web的虚拟三维场景的概念。最终的输出结果是基于web的多层建筑属性的3D可视化,如建筑年龄、建筑高度、建筑类型、建筑用途和能源模拟结果,包括特定供暖需求和光伏潜力。并根据场地位置对树木和水体进行三维建模,丰富最终的虚拟3D场景。
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引用次数: 12
Visibility Analysis in a Point Cloud Based on the Medial Axis Transform 基于中轴变换的点云可见性分析
Pub Date : 2015-11-23 DOI: 10.2312/udmv.20151342
R. Peters, H. Ledoux, F. Biljecki
Visibility analysis is an important application of 3D GIS data. Current approaches require 3D city models that are often derived from detailed aerial point clouds. We present an approach to visibility analysis that does not require a city model but works directly on the point cloud. Our approach is based on the medial axis transform, which models the urban environment as a union of balls, which we then use to construct a depthmap that is used for point visibility queries. As we demonstrate through our experiments on a real-world aerial LiDAR point cloud, the main benefits of our approach are 1) it is robust to noise, irregular sampling and holes of typical aerial LiDAR datasets, 2) it gives visibility results that are significantly more accurate than the often highly generalised city models, and 3) it is a simple algorithm that is easy to parallelise.
可见性分析是三维GIS数据的重要应用。目前的方法需要3D城市模型,这些模型通常来自详细的空中点云。我们提出了一种不需要城市模型而是直接在点云上工作的可见性分析方法。我们的方法是基于中轴变换,它将城市环境建模为球的联合,然后我们使用它来构建用于点可见性查询的深度图。正如我们通过在真实世界的空中激光雷达点云上的实验所证明的那样,我们的方法的主要优点是1)它对典型的空中激光雷达数据集的噪声,不规则采样和漏洞具有鲁棒性,2)它提供的可见性结果比通常高度泛化的城市模型更准确,3)它是一个简单的算法,易于并行化。
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引用次数: 27
5D Multi-Purpose Land Information System 5D多功能土地信息系统
Pub Date : 2015-11-23 DOI: 10.2312/udmv.20151344
C. Ioannidis, S. Verykokou, S. Soile, C. Potsiou
The complexity of modern urban environments has led to the introduction of 3D Land Information Systems (LISs), which tend to replace traditional 2D LIS architectures for the purposes of urban planning and regeneration, land administration, real estate management and civil development. Both the need for 3D visualization of the geometry of buildings in various time instances through the years and the need for acquisition of 3D models in various levels of detail (LoDs), which not only fulfill the requirements of the various users but also they speed up the visualization process, are obvious. Thus, additional dimensions, that is, for time and scale, need to be supported by a modern LIS. This paper introduces a 5D modelling pipeline that may be adopted by a multi-purpose LIS for the selective creation of 3D models of an urban area in various time instances and at various LoDs, enriched with cadastral and other spatial data. The methodology is based on automatic change detection algorithms for spatial-temporal analysis of the spatial changes that took place in subsequent time periods, using image orientation, dense image matching and structure from motion algorithms; the procedure requires photogrammetric stereo plotting, implements procedural modelling and relies on the availability of overlapping aerial and terrestrial imagery, ground control points and cadastral information. Finally, an application based on the proposed methodology in an urban area in Greece is presented and the future work is discussed.
现代城市环境的复杂性导致了三维土地信息系统(LISs)的引入,它倾向于取代传统的二维土地信息系统架构,用于城市规划和更新、土地管理、房地产管理和民用开发。在不同的时间实例中对建筑物几何图形进行三维可视化的需求和获取不同细节层次的三维模型的需求都是显而易见的,这不仅满足了不同用户的需求,而且还加快了可视化过程。因此,现代的LIS需要支持额外的维度,即时间和规模。本文介绍了一种5D建模管道,可用于多用途LIS在不同时间实例和不同负载下选择性地创建城市区域的3D模型,并丰富了地籍和其他空间数据。该方法基于自动变化检测算法,用于对随后时间段内发生的空间变化进行时空分析,使用图像方向,密集图像匹配和运动算法的结构;该程序需要摄影测量立体绘图,实施程序建模,并依赖于重叠的空中和地面图像、地面控制点和地籍信息。最后,提出了基于所提出的方法在希腊城市地区的应用,并讨论了未来的工作。
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引用次数: 8
On the Acquisition of Human Emotions in Space and Time 论人类情感在时空中的习得
Pub Date : 2015-11-23 DOI: 10.2312/udmv.20151349
Julius Schöning, Corinna E. Bonhage
Emotion assessments traditionally take place in academic or medical settings. The impact of environmental factors such as e.g. the characteristics of the place, the weather, or the time of day on the emotional state of inhabitants are often dismissed, thus emotions as a dynamic feature cannot be used for city planning or development. To estimate emotions as spatio-temporal data, a growing research community focused on emotion extraction from social network platforms such as Twitter or Facebook. The quality and the reliability of the resulting emotion evaluations are not comparable to direct emotion assessments, e.g. because of possible biases of emotional statements in social communities. In order to bridge this gap, we designed a web-based survey service that allows for the acquisition of geo-located emotion ratings of a huge group of participants in real-world environments, which in turn can be related to numerous environmental variables. In this paper, we present the architecture of this web-based service along with first results of a pilot study. In the end, we discuss possible use cases for spatio-temporal emotion data, the limitations of our web-based service, and present an outlook on possible future projects.
情感评估通常在学术或医疗环境中进行。环境因素的影响,如地点的特征、天气或一天中的时间,对居民情绪状态的影响往往被忽视,因此情绪作为一种动态特征,不能用于城市规划或发展。为了将情感作为时空数据进行估计,越来越多的研究团体关注于从社交网络平台(如Twitter或Facebook)中提取情感。由此产生的情绪评估的质量和可靠性无法与直接的情绪评估相比,例如,由于社会群体中情绪陈述可能存在偏见。为了弥补这一差距,我们设计了一个基于网络的调查服务,允许在现实环境中获取一大批参与者的地理位置情感评级,这反过来又与许多环境变量相关。在本文中,我们介绍了这种基于web的服务的体系结构以及初步研究的结果。最后,我们讨论了时空情感数据的可能用例,基于web的服务的局限性,并对未来可能的项目进行了展望。
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引用次数: 4
Applying Level-of-detail and Perceptive Effects to 3D Urban Semantics Visualization 应用层次细节和感知效果的三维城市语义可视化
Pub Date : 2014-04-06 DOI: 10.2312/udmv.20141075
Fan Zhang, V. Tourre, G. Moreau
Urban environment consists of various types of data, both geometric ones and non-geometric ones, among which urban semantics are important sources for non-geometric data. The modelling and visualization of urban semantics is one type of information visualization (InfoVis). In both 2D and 3D environment, a lot of work has been done, which use different kinds of representation forms to illustrate knowledge and information stored in the original abstract dataset. This paper aims to apply the idea of information level-of-detail (LoD) to urban semantics visualization and a text-based semantic database is built to illustrate how the idea works. Then in the implementation process, four perceptive factors for text visualization are chosen, while we mainly test, compare and analyse text size, aiming to better aid users find new knowledge and make decisions.
城市环境由各种类型的数据组成,包括几何数据和非几何数据,其中城市语义是非几何数据的重要来源。城市语义的建模和可视化是信息可视化的一种。在二维和三维环境下,人们已经做了大量的工作,使用不同的表示形式来表示存储在原始抽象数据集中的知识和信息。本文旨在将信息细节层次(LoD)的思想应用于城市语义可视化,并建立了一个基于文本的语义数据库来说明该思想的工作原理。然后在实施过程中,选择了文本可视化的四个感知因素,主要对文本大小进行测试、比较和分析,旨在更好地帮助用户发现新知识和做出决策。
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引用次数: 3
Incremental Plane-based Reconstruction and Exploration of Buildings in old Postcards 基于增量平面的旧明信片建筑重建与探索
Pub Date : 2014-04-06 DOI: 10.2312/udmv.20141077
Lara Younes, B. Romaniuk, E. Bittar
We present an approach for 3D reconstruction of a city model over the time from a collection of old postcards of the city of Reims. The planar structure of the buildings facades constraints the dense reconstruction of the city. We use a feature matching technique while proposing the registration of facades in the images and there use for the reasoning about there visibility in the images. This system is semi-automatic, it requires a user control in the complicated case where no matches are found to link an image to the dataset. The image data set is sparse and the urban space evolves over time.
我们提出了一种方法,用于三维重建城市模型的时间从兰斯市的旧明信片的集合。建筑立面的平面结构制约了城市的密集改造。我们使用了一种特征匹配技术,同时提出了图像中立面的配准,并将其用于图像可见性的推理。该系统是半自动的,在没有找到匹配的复杂情况下,需要用户控制将图像链接到数据集。图像数据集是稀疏的,城市空间随着时间的推移而变化。
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引用次数: 1
Visualizing Street Orientation and Solar Radiation in Relation to Complex Topography 与复杂地形相关的街道朝向和太阳辐射可视化
Pub Date : 2014-04-06 DOI: 10.2312/udmv.20141070
Nahid Mohajeri, Agust Gudmundsson, J. Kämpf, J. Scartezzini
Street networks can be visualized in various ways depending on the purpose. Here we introduce (in the present context) a new technique for visualizing the orientation of street networks in relation to complex topography. The technique is tested on the city of Sheffield, England, with a current population of about 555,500 (in 2010) and a total street number of 23,500. Using digital elevation maps and unique historical datasets, we show how the street network of Sheffield has expanded in a complex topographical environment for close to three centuries, that is, since 1736. The results demonstrate how the topography has affected the spatial orientation of the evolving network. We quantify the network geometry through entropy analysis; entropy is a measure of dispersion or spreading. The results show that the orientation entropy of the network has gradually increased with time. In 1736 the network was primarily composed of orthogonal streets, and had comparatively low entropy. As the network expanded the topographical constraints have contributed to the street orientation becoming more uniform on the rose, resulting in increasing entropy. The analysis also shows that the entropy of the central part of the present network is lower than that of the outer and younger parts. The potential solar radiation for Sheffield is also calculated, visualized, and compared with the topography model and the street network density. The results show that the network density (number of streets per unit area) correlates solar radiation; high-density parts of the network tend to coincide with high-intensity solar radiation.
街道网络可以根据不同的目的以不同的方式可视化。在这里,我们介绍(在当前的背景下)一种新的技术,用于可视化与复杂地形有关的街道网络的方向。这项技术在英国谢菲尔德市进行了测试,该市目前的人口约为555,500(2010年),街道总数为23,500。使用数字高程图和独特的历史数据集,我们展示了谢菲尔德的街道网络如何在复杂的地形环境中扩展近三个世纪,即自1736年以来。研究结果表明,地形是如何影响演化网络的空间取向的。我们通过熵分析来量化网络的几何形状;熵是对分散或扩散的度量。结果表明,随着时间的推移,网络的方向熵逐渐增大。1736年,交通网络主要由正交的街道组成,熵值相对较低。随着网络的扩展,地形限制使得街道方向在玫瑰上变得更加均匀,从而导致熵增加。分析还表明,当前网络中心部分的熵低于外围和年轻部分的熵。谢菲尔德的潜在太阳辐射也进行了计算和可视化,并与地形模型和街道网络密度进行了比较。结果表明:路网密度(单位面积街道数)与太阳辐射相关;网络的高密度部分往往与高强度的太阳辐射相吻合。
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引用次数: 3
Topological Reconstruction of Complex 3D Buildings and Automatic Extraction of Levels of Detail 复杂三维建筑拓扑重建与细节层次自动提取
Pub Date : 2014-04-06 DOI: 10.2312/udmv.20141074
A. Diakité, G. Damiand, D. V. Maercke
This paper describes a new method allowing to retrieve the indoor and outdoor topology of a detailed 3D building model from its geometry and to extract different levels of detail (LoD) from the resulting topological description. No prior information about the initial model, except its geometric information is needed as input, and using the combinatorial maps data structure, the method recovers the topological information of the identified parts of the building. The topology is needed for most of the applications using 3D building models after the architects design it. While classical models available are mainly furnished in a Boundary Representation (B-Rep) format, we discuss how to recover the components that allow to distinguish the several parts of the building (defined as volumes) then the spatial relationships linking them.
本文描述了一种新的方法,允许从其几何形状中检索详细的3D建筑模型的室内和室外拓扑,并从结果拓扑描述中提取不同的细节级别(LoD)。该方法不需要初始模型的先验信息,只需要其几何信息作为输入,利用组合映射数据结构,恢复建筑物识别部分的拓扑信息。在建筑师设计完三维建筑模型后,大多数应用都需要使用该拓扑。虽然现有的经典模型主要以边界表示(B-Rep)格式提供,但我们讨论了如何恢复允许区分建筑物的几个部分(定义为体量)的组件,然后连接它们的空间关系。
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引用次数: 29
Ground Temperature Modelling: The Case Study of Rue des Maraîchers in Geneva 地温模拟:日内瓦mara<e:1>街的案例研究
Pub Date : 2014-04-06 DOI: 10.2312/udmv.20141072
Govinda Upadhyay, J. Kämpf, J. Scartezzini
This paper presents a methodology to approximate the urban heat island effect by using a PostgreSQL database and CitySim software, a simulation tool to evaluate urban energy flows. A ground temperature model has been developed for shallow depths (until 4m), which reproduces the phenomena of heat transfer into the ground on an hourly basis. This model is further used to predict the outdoor ground surface temperature, which is an indicator of the urban heat island effect. A PostgreSQL database which contains information such as the building footprints, geographical location, address, construction date, energy system etc. of the buildings was modified to include data relative to this model. A case study has been performed in a small neighbourhood, Rue des Maraichers, in Geneva (Switzerland) in order to illustrate the usage of this tool to analyse the surface temperature of asphalted roads and green alleys. Finally, a methodology has been introduced to predict the urban heat island effect using this temperature.
本文提出了一种利用PostgreSQL数据库和CitySim软件(一个评估城市能量流的模拟工具)来近似城市热岛效应的方法。已经开发了一个浅层(直到4米)的地温模型,该模型每小时再现热量向地下传递的现象。该模型进一步用于预测城市热岛效应的指标—室外地表温度。PostgreSQL数据库包含建筑物的足迹、地理位置、地址、建造日期、能源系统等信息,并修改了与该模型相关的数据。在日内瓦(瑞士)的一个小社区Rue des Maraichers进行了一个案例研究,以说明使用该工具来分析沥青道路和绿色小巷的表面温度。最后,介绍了利用该温度预测城市热岛效应的方法。
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引用次数: 5
期刊
Eurographics Workshop on Urban Data Modelling and Visualisation
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