G. Besuievsky, Santiago Barroso, B. Beckers, G. Patow
In many applications, such as in massive urban models visualization or in the study of the impact of urban simulation at different scales, models with different levels of detail are required. In this paper we propose a flexible system for configuring level of details models using Procedural Modeling aiming to generate only the geometry required for each specific need. We test our system for a solar simulation analysis at urban scale. We evaluate the solar irradiation and the Sky View Factor in order to study the impact at different scales. We show that our tool provides a way to handle the complexity of urban scale models, and specifically to study the sensitivity of the geometry.
{"title":"A Configurable LoD for Procedural Urban Models intended for Daylight Simulation","authors":"G. Besuievsky, Santiago Barroso, B. Beckers, G. Patow","doi":"10.2312/udmv.20141073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2312/udmv.20141073","url":null,"abstract":"In many applications, such as in massive urban models visualization or in the study of the impact of urban simulation at different scales, models with different levels of detail are required. In this paper we propose a flexible system for configuring level of details models using Procedural Modeling aiming to generate only the geometry required for each specific need. We test our system for a solar simulation analysis at urban scale. We evaluate the solar irradiation and the Sky View Factor in order to study the impact at different scales. We show that our tool provides a way to handle the complexity of urban scale models, and specifically to study the sensitivity of the geometry.","PeriodicalId":161750,"journal":{"name":"Eurographics Workshop on Urban Data Modelling and Visualisation","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124106901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper we present a novel solution for the computation of diffuse global illumination in urban environments that takes advantage of the underlying structure of the procedural building models used for generating the city, using them to compute a realistic global illumination solution based on the well known hierarchical radiosity algorithm. As we generate the geometry procedurally, we take advantage of the generation hierarchy to be the base of the hierarchical radiosity algorithm, without using the classic quad-based subdivision scheme. This structure is used for low-frequency global illumination, being later combined with a shadow-map-like system for the high-frequency component, thus resulting in a complete global illumination solution for procedural urban environments.
{"title":"Hierarchical Radiosity for Procedural Urban Environments","authors":"Ferran Roure, G. Besuievsky, G. Patow","doi":"10.2312/udmv.20141071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2312/udmv.20141071","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we present a novel solution for the computation of diffuse global illumination in urban environments that takes advantage of the underlying structure of the procedural building models used for generating the city, using them to compute a realistic global illumination solution based on the well known hierarchical radiosity algorithm. As we generate the geometry procedurally, we take advantage of the generation hierarchy to be the base of the hierarchical radiosity algorithm, without using the classic quad-based subdivision scheme. This structure is used for low-frequency global illumination, being later combined with a shadow-map-like system for the high-frequency component, thus resulting in a complete global illumination solution for procedural urban environments.","PeriodicalId":161750,"journal":{"name":"Eurographics Workshop on Urban Data Modelling and Visualisation","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130504731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
An increasing number of cities are developing digital models. It becomes thus necessary to take into account changes over time. Interoperability and thus the use of standards is also recommended. In this paper, we propose a new method, based on CityGML to take into account changes in the objects which compose the city. This method is efficient for any kind of changes of the city objects (semantic, geometry, topology or appearance). We then propose an extension of our method in order to consider more frequent changes as it is the case with sensors data that can be linked with part of city objects.
{"title":"Managing Temporal Change of Cities with CityGML","authors":"Maxime Morel, G. Gesquière","doi":"10.2312/udmv.20141076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2312/udmv.20141076","url":null,"abstract":"An increasing number of cities are developing digital models. It becomes thus necessary to take into account changes over time. Interoperability and thus the use of standards is also recommended. In this paper, we propose a new method, based on CityGML to take into account changes in the objects which compose the city. This method is efficient for any kind of changes of the city objects (semantic, geometry, topology or appearance). We then propose an extension of our method in order to consider more frequent changes as it is the case with sensors data that can be linked with part of city objects.","PeriodicalId":161750,"journal":{"name":"Eurographics Workshop on Urban Data Modelling and Visualisation","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128825181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-05-05DOI: 10.2312/UDMV/UDMV13/005-008
Matthias Vahl, U. V. Lukas
In this paper we introduce an approach for automatic recognition and description of building facades from oblique aerial images. This approach does not use street-side images, like Google StreetView, but aerial images to derive photorealistic city models. The paper starts with a short summary of the state of the art in the domain of image-based modeling, automated recognition and description of facades from (oblique aerial) images. Then the context of the research project is described including the hardware setup and and application requirements for complex facade analysis. Afterwards a novel approach of a grid graph model with traversers is suggested to solve the problem of facade recognition. The framework that implements the approach in a flexible manner is introduced. Finally, the paper ends with a conclusion and an outlook to future works.
{"title":"Toward Automated Façades Generation from Oblique Aerial Images","authors":"Matthias Vahl, U. V. Lukas","doi":"10.2312/UDMV/UDMV13/005-008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2312/UDMV/UDMV13/005-008","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we introduce an approach for automatic recognition and description of building facades from oblique aerial images. This approach does not use street-side images, like Google StreetView, but aerial images to derive photorealistic city models. The paper starts with a short summary of the state of the art in the domain of image-based modeling, automated recognition and description of facades from (oblique aerial) images. Then the context of the research project is described including the hardware setup and and application requirements for complex facade analysis. Afterwards a novel approach of a grid graph model with traversers is suggested to solve the problem of facade recognition. The framework that implements the approach in a flexible manner is introduced. Finally, the paper ends with a conclusion and an outlook to future works.","PeriodicalId":161750,"journal":{"name":"Eurographics Workshop on Urban Data Modelling and Visualisation","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126066742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-05-05DOI: 10.2312/UDMV/UDMV13/013-016
Imanol Muñoz-Pandiella, C. Andújar, G. Patow
Real time rendering of cities with realistic global illumination is still an open problem. In this paper we propose a two-step algorithm to simulate the nocturnal illumination of a city. The first step computes an approximate aerial solution using simple textured quads for each street light. The second step uses photon mapping to locally compute the global illumination coming from light sources close to the viewer. Then, we transfer the local, high-quality solution to the low resolution buffers used for aerial views, refining it with accurate information from the local simulation. Our approach achieves real time frame rates in commodity hardware.
{"title":"NightLighting: a Nocturnal Urban Illumination Approach","authors":"Imanol Muñoz-Pandiella, C. Andújar, G. Patow","doi":"10.2312/UDMV/UDMV13/013-016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2312/UDMV/UDMV13/013-016","url":null,"abstract":"Real time rendering of cities with realistic global illumination is still an open problem. In this paper we propose a two-step algorithm to simulate the nocturnal illumination of a city. The first step computes an approximate aerial solution using simple textured quads for each street light. The second step uses photon mapping to locally compute the global illumination coming from light sources close to the viewer. Then, we transfer the local, high-quality solution to the low resolution buffers used for aerial views, refining it with accurate information from the local simulation. Our approach achieves real time frame rates in commodity hardware.","PeriodicalId":161750,"journal":{"name":"Eurographics Workshop on Urban Data Modelling and Visualisation","volume":"33 1-2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134091515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-05-05DOI: 10.2312/UDMV/UDMV13/025-028
G. Patow, G. Besuievsky
The use of procedural modeling for building generation has risen dramatically over the last years, being an elegant and fast way to generate huge, complex and realistically looking urban sites. However, due to its generative nature there are still unsolved problems that limits they usage. In this paper we report on the challenges still pending on procedural modeling of buildings. We provide a state of the art on most recent solution and we draw possible research avenue that could be taken for spreading the use of procedural modeling in current applications.
{"title":"Challenges in Procedural Modeling of Buildings","authors":"G. Patow, G. Besuievsky","doi":"10.2312/UDMV/UDMV13/025-028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2312/UDMV/UDMV13/025-028","url":null,"abstract":"The use of procedural modeling for building generation has risen dramatically over the last years, being an elegant and fast way to generate huge, complex and realistically looking urban sites. However, due to its generative nature there are still unsolved problems that limits they usage. In this paper we report on the challenges still pending on procedural modeling of buildings. We provide a state of the art on most recent solution and we draw possible research avenue that could be taken for spreading the use of procedural modeling in current applications.","PeriodicalId":161750,"journal":{"name":"Eurographics Workshop on Urban Data Modelling and Visualisation","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131059889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-05-05DOI: 10.2312/UDMV/UDMV13/037-040
Luís Dias, Nelson F. Silva, Tiago Cardoso, Manuel J. Fonseca
Every time we visit a new city there is a huge effort made in understanding its dynamic, i.e. what are the relevant locations within that city in each time period, for there are large amounts of data to sift through. Although several attempts have been made to combine information from various sources, the majority focus on geographic data, lacking on time representation. In this paper we describe and evaluate three representation approaches for spatio-temporal data, to understand which is better to convey the dynamics of a city at a glance. We devised 2D and 3D visualizations to understand their adequacy to our objectives. Based on the results from the evaluation with users we noticed that they preferred the 2D visualization of the data, but on the other hand there was no significant difference to the 3D representation.
{"title":"Understanding City Dynamics through Spatio-temporal Visualization","authors":"Luís Dias, Nelson F. Silva, Tiago Cardoso, Manuel J. Fonseca","doi":"10.2312/UDMV/UDMV13/037-040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2312/UDMV/UDMV13/037-040","url":null,"abstract":"Every time we visit a new city there is a huge effort made in understanding its dynamic, i.e. what are the relevant locations within that city in each time period, for there are large amounts of data to sift through. Although several attempts have been made to combine information from various sources, the majority focus on geographic data, lacking on time representation. In this paper we describe and evaluate three representation approaches for spatio-temporal data, to understand which is better to convey the dynamics of a city at a glance. We devised 2D and 3D visualizations to understand their adequacy to our objectives. Based on the results from the evaluation with users we noticed that they preferred the 2D visualization of the data, but on the other hand there was no significant difference to the 3D representation.","PeriodicalId":161750,"journal":{"name":"Eurographics Workshop on Urban Data Modelling and Visualisation","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116112797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-05-05DOI: 10.2312/UDMV/UDMV13/029-030
M. Ilcík, M. Wimmer
While the creation of convincing cityscapes from the outside is already possible, there is a lack of robust and efficient techniques for modeling the interior of buildings. In particular, we focus on challenges for the subdivision of the interior space into rooms and for placement of furniture in those rooms.
{"title":"Challenges and Ideas in Procedural Modeling of Interiors","authors":"M. Ilcík, M. Wimmer","doi":"10.2312/UDMV/UDMV13/029-030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2312/UDMV/UDMV13/029-030","url":null,"abstract":"While the creation of convincing cityscapes from the outside is already possible, there is a lack of robust and efficient techniques for modeling the interior of buildings. In particular, we focus on challenges for the subdivision of the interior space into rooms and for placement of furniture in those rooms.","PeriodicalId":161750,"journal":{"name":"Eurographics Workshop on Urban Data Modelling and Visualisation","volume":"117 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117131334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-05-05DOI: 10.2312/UDMV/UDMV13/041-042
Kevin Jordao, J. Pettré, Marie-Paule Cani
For many applications, exploring empty virtual cities is not sufficient: streets and squares need to be populated by crowds of virtual humans. This position paper addresses the problem of generating such crowds when the scale of the city prevents the use of standard simulation methods. We first present the concept of crowd patches and review their advantages and drawbacks for animating large crowds of people. We then discuss the goals of our future work, namely being able to interactively design such large populations.
{"title":"Interactive Techniques for Populating Large Virtual Cities","authors":"Kevin Jordao, J. Pettré, Marie-Paule Cani","doi":"10.2312/UDMV/UDMV13/041-042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2312/UDMV/UDMV13/041-042","url":null,"abstract":"For many applications, exploring empty virtual cities is not sufficient: streets and squares need to be populated by crowds of virtual humans. This position paper addresses the problem of generating such crowds when the scale of the city prevents the use of standard simulation methods. We first present the concept of crowd patches and review their advantages and drawbacks for animating large crowds of people. We then discuss the goals of our future work, namely being able to interactively design such large populations.","PeriodicalId":161750,"journal":{"name":"Eurographics Workshop on Urban Data Modelling and Visualisation","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129470533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-05-05DOI: 10.2312/UDMV/UDMV13/017-020
B. Beckers
We examine different techniques able to enhance the efficiency of urban simulations. Condensation techniques like superelements - well known in the finite element community - are good candidates to improve the heat transfers simulations inside the city. Three typical situations are examined. In the first one, concerned with the interaction of inside and outside scenes through windows, the two problems can be analyzed successively. The second situation presents a weak coupling of radiation between built settings. The last one refers to the full radiative budget of a city; it is used to illustrate the possibility of applying superelement techniques to the linear part of the problem. The conclusion is that these techniques are able to help enhancing the efficiency of the simulations.
{"title":"Taking Advantage of Low Radiative Coupling in 3D Urban Models","authors":"B. Beckers","doi":"10.2312/UDMV/UDMV13/017-020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2312/UDMV/UDMV13/017-020","url":null,"abstract":"We examine different techniques able to enhance the efficiency of urban simulations. Condensation techniques like superelements - well known in the finite element community - are good candidates to improve the heat transfers simulations inside the city. Three typical situations are examined. In the first one, concerned with the interaction of inside and outside scenes through windows, the two problems can be analyzed successively. The second situation presents a weak coupling of radiation between built settings. The last one refers to the full radiative budget of a city; it is used to illustrate the possibility of applying superelement techniques to the linear part of the problem. The conclusion is that these techniques are able to help enhancing the efficiency of the simulations.","PeriodicalId":161750,"journal":{"name":"Eurographics Workshop on Urban Data Modelling and Visualisation","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131044426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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