Jean-Gil Langlois, V. Tourre, M. Servieres, B. Gervais, G. Gesquière
To understand the complexity of modern cities and anticipate their expansion, experts from various fields conceive simulation models that can be very different. Those simulation models work with a variety of data with their own organization. Furthermore, because the urban objects are studied in the context of the evolution of a city or urban area, they carry temporal and spatial information (ADD EXAMPLES). In this paper, we present the base classes of a common data model robust and flexible enough to serve the identified use cases (EXAMPLES). We then introduce a mechanism that allows to add thematic information to those classes (AND OTHER MECHANISMS). We also present some possibilities of the use of the data model. (We end this paper by evoking the future improvements of the data model NOT MANDATORY).
{"title":"A Data Model for Simulation Models Relying on Spatio-temporal Urban Data","authors":"Jean-Gil Langlois, V. Tourre, M. Servieres, B. Gervais, G. Gesquière","doi":"10.2312/UDMV.20161413","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2312/UDMV.20161413","url":null,"abstract":"To understand the complexity of modern cities and anticipate their expansion, experts from various fields conceive simulation models that can be very different. Those simulation models work with a variety of data with their own organization. Furthermore, because the urban objects are studied in the context of the evolution of a city or urban area, they carry temporal and spatial information (ADD EXAMPLES). In this paper, we present the base classes of a common data model robust and flexible enough to serve the identified use cases (EXAMPLES). We then introduce a mechanism that allows to add thematic information to those classes (AND OTHER MECHANISMS). We also present some possibilities of the use of the data model. (We end this paper by evoking the future improvements of the data model NOT MANDATORY).","PeriodicalId":161750,"journal":{"name":"Eurographics Workshop on Urban Data Modelling and Visualisation","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125653548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Florio, C. Roecker, M. C. M. Probst, J. Scartezzini
Urban areas are facing a growing deployment of solar technologies on the built exposed surfaces such as roofs and facades. This transformation often occurs without consideration of the needed architectural quality, which depends on the context sensitivity and on solar technologies visibility from public space. The definition of visibility is explored in this paper, and major assessment methods are described. Specifically, a Cumulative Viewshed Algorithm (CVS) is compared with a novel backward raytracing Illuminance Metric Approach (ILL). Results from a test-case in Geneva show how CVS better describes visibility from a remote perspective, while ILL is a promising and fast method for closer viewpoints, especially in urban canyon environments.
{"title":"Visibility of Building Exposed Surfaces for the Potential Application of Solar Panels: A Photometric Model","authors":"P. Florio, C. Roecker, M. C. M. Probst, J. Scartezzini","doi":"10.2312/UDMV.20161419","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2312/UDMV.20161419","url":null,"abstract":"Urban areas are facing a growing deployment of solar technologies on the built exposed surfaces such as roofs and facades. This transformation often occurs without consideration of the needed architectural quality, which depends on the context sensitivity and on solar technologies visibility from public space. The definition of visibility is explored in this paper, and major assessment methods are described. Specifically, a Cumulative Viewshed Algorithm (CVS) is compared with a novel backward raytracing Illuminance Metric Approach (ILL). Results from a test-case in Geneva show how CVS better describes visibility from a remote perspective, while ILL is a promising and fast method for closer viewpoints, especially in urban canyon environments.","PeriodicalId":161750,"journal":{"name":"Eurographics Workshop on Urban Data Modelling and Visualisation","volume":"2020 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130962559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Chagnaud, John Samuel, S. Servigne, G. Gesquière
Documents whether historical photographs or urban regulations are important for understanding the urban past as well as for urban planning. CityGML is an open standard used to represent 3D structure and thematic information of the cities. In this article, we briefly present how the recent extension to CityGML to represent documents has been integrated to the 4D virtual urban environment. We will then focus on different visualization techniques of documents in this environment and the various metrics used to evaluate them.
{"title":"Visualization of Documented 3D Cities","authors":"C. Chagnaud, John Samuel, S. Servigne, G. Gesquière","doi":"10.2312/UDMV.20161425","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2312/UDMV.20161425","url":null,"abstract":"Documents whether historical photographs or urban regulations are important for understanding the urban past as well as for urban planning. CityGML is an open standard used to represent 3D structure and thematic information of the cities. In this article, we briefly present how the recent extension to CityGML to represent documents has been integrated to the 4D virtual urban environment. We will then focus on different visualization techniques of documents in this environment and the various metrics used to evaluate them.","PeriodicalId":161750,"journal":{"name":"Eurographics Workshop on Urban Data Modelling and Visualisation","volume":"2005 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133401636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Jacquinod, Frédéric Pedrinis, Jérémy Edert, G. Gesquière
The FLOOD AR project originates from an explicitly expressed need for digital 3D temporal georeferenced models that can be largely diffused among riverside residents through computers and mobile devices, in order to support the raising of public awareness concerning flood risk along the Rhone river. This project is led by a multidisciplinary consortium of researchers from several fields who are working together to develop usable tools and models as well as recommendations regarding visual content, interfaces and context of use for those 3D models. As far as computer science is concerned, given the practical difficulties of resorting to 3D georeferenced technologies for practitioners and the current limitations of commonly used GIS data formats and tools, automatic tools allowing any interested parties to produce 3D temporal models in order to support flood risk awareness' enhancement were developed in the first phase of the project. The storage of those 3D models in an interoperable format (CityGML) ensures that those 3D temporal models are available for other purposes in relation to flood mitigation (regarding flood risk mitigation planning and public consultations or visual analysis for instance). Automating the production of 3D temporal models guarantees that those models can be produced for any territory along the Rhone river. A tool to visualize those 3D temporal models interactively will also be made available as an open source tool as part of the project.
{"title":"Automated Production of Interactive 3D Temporal Geovisualizations so as to Enhance Flood Risk Awareness","authors":"F. Jacquinod, Frédéric Pedrinis, Jérémy Edert, G. Gesquière","doi":"10.2312/UDMV.20161423","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2312/UDMV.20161423","url":null,"abstract":"The FLOOD AR project originates from an explicitly expressed need for digital 3D temporal georeferenced models that can be largely diffused among riverside residents through computers and mobile devices, in order to support the raising of public awareness concerning flood risk along the Rhone river. This project is led by a multidisciplinary consortium of researchers from several fields who are working together to develop usable tools and models as well as recommendations regarding visual content, interfaces and context of use for those 3D models. As far as computer science is concerned, given the practical difficulties of resorting to 3D georeferenced technologies for practitioners and the current limitations of commonly used GIS data formats and tools, automatic tools allowing any interested parties to produce 3D temporal models in order to support flood risk awareness' enhancement were developed in the first phase of the project. The storage of those 3D models in an interoperable format (CityGML) ensures that those 3D temporal models are available for other purposes in relation to flood mitigation (regarding flood risk mitigation planning and public consultations or visual analysis for instance). Automating the production of 3D temporal models guarantees that those models can be produced for any territory along the Rhone river. A tool to visualize those 3D temporal models interactively will also be made available as an open source tool as part of the project.","PeriodicalId":161750,"journal":{"name":"Eurographics Workshop on Urban Data Modelling and Visualisation","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125687222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Horna, G. Damiand, A. Diakité, Daniel Méneveaux
2D and 3D virtual architectural models are the common ground of many studies, including environmental protection, energy saving, or human well-being. Building or urban environment simulations concern for instance heat transfer, lighting, and acoustics, each of them requiring physical parameters additionally to the geometric representation. Furthermore, geometry does not generally comply straightforwardly with physical parameters and users are forced to manually adapt the models before simulation. This paper proposes an overview of modeling and simulation studies that make use of topological representations, and discusses the advantages of a topological representation for various types of applications. Such a representation can be used not only to maintain the 3D model global coherence, but also to automatically retrieve walls, doors, or room volumes for instance. Based on the existing model of generalized maps, this paper also illustrates some examples of structure traversal that can be used for providing the users with adequate simulation data.
{"title":"Combining Geometry, Topology and Semantics for Generic Building Description and Simulations","authors":"S. Horna, G. Damiand, A. Diakité, Daniel Méneveaux","doi":"10.2312/udmv.20151343","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2312/udmv.20151343","url":null,"abstract":"2D and 3D virtual architectural models are the common ground of many studies, including environmental protection, energy saving, or human well-being. Building or urban environment simulations concern for instance heat transfer, lighting, and acoustics, each of them requiring physical parameters additionally to the geometric representation. Furthermore, geometry does not generally comply straightforwardly with physical parameters and users are forced to manually adapt the models before simulation. This paper proposes an overview of modeling and simulation studies that make use of topological representations, and discusses the advantages of a topological representation for various types of applications. Such a representation can be used not only to maintain the 3D model global coherence, but also to automatically retrieve walls, doors, or room volumes for instance. Based on the existing model of generalized maps, this paper also illustrates some examples of structure traversal that can be used for providing the users with adequate simulation data.","PeriodicalId":161750,"journal":{"name":"Eurographics Workshop on Urban Data Modelling and Visualisation","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123655488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
More than half of the world population lives in cities today. This proportion rises to 80% in developed countries. The density of urban population causes environmental troubles such as noise, urban heat waves, and chemical pollutions or magnetic pollution. Sensors and models are used to improve knowledge related to these phenomena particularly in cities. The aim of our research is to propose methods to view these phenomena in contextualised ways and at different levels of details. In the context of data exploration, we wish to generate from the initial phenomena data other levels of detail to allow the visual perception of the information at different visual scale. We also propose symbols that resist as well as possible to scale change and without excessive covering the other information such as streets, buildings or names. The first solutions presented in this paper are implemented and illustrated through two examples: nocturne temperature in Paris with very sparse initial data and concentration of chlorine with very dense initial data.
{"title":"Representing Urban Phenomena in Their Context and at Different LoD: from Raw Data to Appropriate LoD","authors":"H. Pham, A. Ruas, T. Libourel","doi":"10.2312/udmv.20151346","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2312/udmv.20151346","url":null,"abstract":"More than half of the world population lives in cities today. This proportion rises to 80% in developed countries. The density of urban population causes environmental troubles such as noise, urban heat waves, and chemical pollutions or magnetic pollution. Sensors and models are used to improve knowledge related to these phenomena particularly in cities. The aim of our research is to propose methods to view these phenomena in contextualised ways and at different levels of details. In the context of data exploration, we wish to generate from the initial phenomena data other levels of detail to allow the visual perception of the information at different visual scale. We also propose symbols that resist as well as possible to scale change and without excessive covering the other information such as streets, buildings or names. The first solutions presented in this paper are implemented and illustrated through two examples: nocturne temperature in Paris with very sparse initial data and concentration of chlorine with very dense initial data.","PeriodicalId":161750,"journal":{"name":"Eurographics Workshop on Urban Data Modelling and Visualisation","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129105554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Simulating the evolution of urban landscapes is a challenging objective with a large impact not only for Computer Graphics (for its applications in the filming and gaming industries), but also for urban planning, economical and historical studies, urban physics, and many other. However, this target has remained elusive because of the large complexity implied by urban structures and their evolutions. We present a system that aims at simulating the evolution of the commercial structure in a modern city. In particular, given an initial distribution of shops, it studies the evolution when larger commercial areas, like malls, are introduced. This is computed using the Huff model as a measure of the attraction each commerce has on potential consumers, and an agent-based simulation to determine how these aspects affect their choices. Then, after a given simulation time, the system decides whether the shop has retained an income such that it can continue operating, or has gone bankrupt. Our system is used to study the evolution of the commercial structure of Barcelona city over the last century.
{"title":"Commercial Evolution Simulation","authors":"Carlos Soriano, G. Patow","doi":"10.2312/udmv.20151351","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2312/udmv.20151351","url":null,"abstract":"Simulating the evolution of urban landscapes is a challenging objective with a large impact not only for Computer Graphics (for its applications in the filming and gaming industries), but also for urban planning, economical and historical studies, urban physics, and many other. However, this target has remained elusive because of the large complexity implied by urban structures and their evolutions. We present a system that aims at simulating the evolution of the commercial structure in a modern city. In particular, given an initial distribution of shops, it studies the evolution when larger commercial areas, like malls, are introduced. This is computed using the Huff model as a measure of the attraction each commerce has on potential consumers, and an agent-based simulation to determine how these aspects affect their choices. Then, after a given simulation time, the system decides whether the shop has retained an income such that it can continue operating, or has gone bankrupt. Our system is used to study the evolution of the commercial structure of Barcelona city over the last century.","PeriodicalId":161750,"journal":{"name":"Eurographics Workshop on Urban Data Modelling and Visualisation","volume":"191 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132628915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We investigate the automatic conversion between two substantially different formats used in 3D city models: the ubiquitous but semantically poor Wavefront OBJ and the semantically rich but less used OGC standard CityGML. We elaborate on their differences and on the challenges involved in their conversion, such as the inference of semantics in an OBJ file for their use in CityGML, and the storage of these semantics back in OBJ. We implement two software prototypes: a conversion of 3D building models from CityGML to OBJ (CityGML2OBJs), and one from OBJ to CityGML (OBJ2CityGML). By presenting both methods and implementations, we aim at increasing the availability of CityGML datasets and the possibility to create them in powerful 3D modelling software.
{"title":"Automatic Semantic-preserving Conversion Between OBJ and CityGML","authors":"F. Biljecki, K. Ohori","doi":"10.2312/udmv.20151345","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2312/udmv.20151345","url":null,"abstract":"We investigate the automatic conversion between two substantially different formats used in 3D city models: the ubiquitous but semantically poor Wavefront OBJ and the semantically rich but less used OGC standard CityGML. We elaborate on their differences and on the challenges involved in their conversion, such as the inference of semantics in an OBJ file for their use in CityGML, and the storage of these semantics back in OBJ. We implement two software prototypes: a conversion of 3D building models from CityGML to OBJ (CityGML2OBJs), and one from OBJ to CityGML (OBJ2CityGML). By presenting both methods and implementations, we aim at increasing the availability of CityGML datasets and the possibility to create them in powerful 3D modelling software.","PeriodicalId":161750,"journal":{"name":"Eurographics Workshop on Urban Data Modelling and Visualisation","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133069188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In many applications, such as in urban physical simulations or in the study of the effect of the solar impact at different scales, models with different levels of detail are required. In this paper we propose an efficient system for quickly computing the Sky View Factor (SVF) for any point inside a large city. To do that, we embed the city into a regular grid, and for each cell we select a subset of the geometry consisting of a square area centered on the cell and including it. Then, we remove the selected geometry from the city model and we project the rest onto a panoramic image (in our case, the sides of a box). Later, when several SVF evaluations are required, we only need to determine the cell that the evaluation point belongs to, and compute the SVF with the cell's geometry plus the environment map. To test our system, we perform several evaluations inside a cell's area, and compare the results with the ground truth SVF evaluation. Our results show the feasibility of the method and its advantages when used for a large set of computations. We show that our tool provides a way to handle the complexity of urban scale models, and specifically to study the sensitivity of the geometry.
在许多应用中，例如在城市物理模拟或在不同尺度上研究太阳撞击的影响，都需要具有不同细节水平的模型。在本文中，我们提出了一个有效的系统，可以快速计算大城市内任何一点的天空景观因子(SVF)。为此，我们将城市嵌入到一个规则网格中，对于每个单元格，我们选择一个由以单元格为中心的正方形区域组成的几何子集，并包括它。然后，我们从城市模型中删除所选的几何体，并将其余部分投影到全景图像上(在我们的例子中，是一个盒子的侧面)。随后，当需要进行多个SVF评估时，我们只需要确定评估点所属的单元，并使用单元的几何形状加上环境映射计算SVF。为了测试我们的系统，我们在一个单元的区域内执行了几次评估，并将结果与ground truth SVF评估进行比较。结果表明，该方法是可行的，在大规模计算中具有优势。我们表明，我们的工具提供了一种方法来处理城市尺度模型的复杂性，特别是研究几何形状的敏感性。
{"title":"Far-LoD: Level of Detail for Massive Sky View Factor Calculations in Large Cities","authors":"D. Novoa, B. Beckers, G. Besuievsky, G. Patow","doi":"10.2312/udmv.20151341","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2312/udmv.20151341","url":null,"abstract":"In many applications, such as in urban physical simulations or in the study of the effect of the solar impact at different scales, models with different levels of detail are required. In this paper we propose an efficient system for quickly computing the Sky View Factor (SVF) for any point inside a large city. To do that, we embed the city into a regular grid, and for each cell we select a subset of the geometry consisting of a square area centered on the cell and including it. Then, we remove the selected geometry from the city model and we project the rest onto a panoramic image (in our case, the sides of a box). Later, when several SVF evaluations are required, we only need to determine the cell that the evaluation point belongs to, and compute the SVF with the cell's geometry plus the environment map. To test our system, we perform several evaluations inside a cell's area, and compare the results with the ground truth SVF evaluation. Our results show the feasibility of the method and its advantages when used for a large set of computations. We show that our tool provides a way to handle the complexity of urban scale models, and specifically to study the sensitivity of the geometry.","PeriodicalId":161750,"journal":{"name":"Eurographics Workshop on Urban Data Modelling and Visualisation","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127474772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Today, more and more cities worldwide are realizing the importance of semantic 3D city models. Various application areas of 3D city models such as simulations require the usage of highly dynamic and time-varying attributes, which are currently not supported by any standard. In this paper, we propose a new concept 'dynamizer', which extends static 3D city models by supporting variations of individual feature properties and associations over time. It allows to inject dynamic variations of city object properties into the static representation. In addition, the concept allows to model and study complex patterns representing dynamic variation of properties based on statistics and general rules.
{"title":"Dynamizers - Modeling and Implementing Dynamic Properties for Semantic 3D City Models","authors":"Kanishk Chaturvedi, T. H. Kolbe","doi":"10.2312/udmv.20151348","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2312/udmv.20151348","url":null,"abstract":"Today, more and more cities worldwide are realizing the importance of semantic 3D city models. Various application areas of 3D city models such as simulations require the usage of highly dynamic and time-varying attributes, which are currently not supported by any standard. In this paper, we propose a new concept 'dynamizer', which extends static 3D city models by supporting variations of individual feature properties and associations over time. It allows to inject dynamic variations of city object properties into the static representation. In addition, the concept allows to model and study complex patterns representing dynamic variation of properties based on statistics and general rules.","PeriodicalId":161750,"journal":{"name":"Eurographics Workshop on Urban Data Modelling and Visualisation","volume":"72 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132525224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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