Pub Date : 2022-08-16DOI: 10.31257/2018/jkp/2022/140104
M. N. Abdullah
In this research study composite materials (Epoxy resins / multi walled carbon nanotubes) were prepared by mixing ratio of multi walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) (1,2,3 and 4 %wt.). The techniques were implemented by mixing blend epoxy resins with MWCNTs through magnetic stirrer for 15min. Homogenize the blend was carried out using the homogenizer equipment ultrasonic liquid processor with high-intensity for 5min and followed by the addition of the hardener to the mixture. The molds prepared by casting EP/MWCNTs composite. The electrical conductivity of EP/MWCNTs composite was obtained by A.C equipment. The results showed that there was an evolution from insulator state to semiconductor state when increasing the mixing ratios of MWCNTs. The electrical conductivity was improved by three orders than samples of pure epoxy resins matrix. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.31257/2018/JKP/2022/140104
{"title":"A study on electrical properties of polymer enhancement by multiwalled carbon nanotube","authors":"M. N. Abdullah","doi":"10.31257/2018/jkp/2022/140104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31257/2018/jkp/2022/140104","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000In this research study composite materials (Epoxy resins / multi walled carbon nanotubes) were prepared by mixing ratio of multi walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) (1,2,3 and 4 %wt.). The techniques were implemented by mixing blend epoxy resins with MWCNTs through magnetic stirrer for 15min. Homogenize the blend was carried out using the homogenizer equipment ultrasonic liquid processor with high-intensity for 5min and followed by the addition of the hardener to the mixture. The molds prepared by casting EP/MWCNTs composite. \u0000The electrical conductivity of EP/MWCNTs composite was obtained by A.C equipment. The results showed that there was an evolution from insulator state to semiconductor state when increasing the mixing ratios of MWCNTs. The electrical conductivity was improved by three orders than samples of pure epoxy resins matrix. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.31257/2018/JKP/2022/140104","PeriodicalId":16215,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Kufa - Physics","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75994685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-12DOI: 10.31257/2018/jkp/2022/140105
Mustafa Raad Taher, Abbas M. Ali Al-Kifaie
In this research, Zn/ZnO Nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared via the Pulse Laser Ablation (PLA) method using three liquids (Ethanol, Acetone, and Distilled Water). Zn/ZnO NPs were synthesized via an Nd-YAG laser with a wavelength of 1064 nm, applied energy of 800 mJ, a frequency of 6 Hz, and 100 laser pulses at room temperature. The Zn metal plate was dipped in Ethanol, Acetone, and Distilled Water, respectively. The UV-Vis results shows sharp and single peaks at 320, 341, and 333 nm for Zn/ZnO NPs in Ethanol, Acetone, and Distilled Water respectively. FTIR testing shows peaks at about 500 cm−1 for Zn/ZnO NPs in Ethanol, Acetone, and Distilled Water, which indicates Zn-O stretching vibrations. XRD investigation shows low-angle peaks at 23.31˚, 23.81˚, and 19.20˚ for Zn/ZnO NPs in Ethanol, Acetone, and Distilled Water, respectively. In addition, a sharp peak of high intensity was observed at 13.54˚ for Zn/ZnO Core/Shell NPs in Acetone. These peaks indicate that the structure is stable and undistorted. These patterns emphasize compact pore arrangements. The lower intensity of the gradient peaks indicates that ZnO formed at a preferred site. Nor did high-angle XRD patterns appear, indicating that the formed ZnO NPs are so small to be distinct from background noise or undetectable by widish angle XRD. The broad XRD peak at 2θ angles from 20° to 30° can also confirm that ZnO is low-crystalline. The TEM images show the presence of Zn/ZnO NPs in Ethanol, Acetone, and Distilled Water with a size of less than 50 nm, and TEM analysis confirms that the primary structure of Zn/ZnO NPs is a Core/Shell.
{"title":"Fabrication of Zn/ZnO Core/Shell Nanoparticles by Laser Ablation in Liquid Technique","authors":"Mustafa Raad Taher, Abbas M. Ali Al-Kifaie","doi":"10.31257/2018/jkp/2022/140105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31257/2018/jkp/2022/140105","url":null,"abstract":"In this research, Zn/ZnO Nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared via the Pulse Laser Ablation (PLA) method using three liquids (Ethanol, Acetone, and Distilled Water). Zn/ZnO NPs were synthesized via an Nd-YAG laser with a wavelength of 1064 nm, applied energy of 800 mJ, a frequency of 6 Hz, and 100 laser pulses at room temperature. The Zn metal plate was dipped in Ethanol, Acetone, and Distilled Water, respectively. The UV-Vis results shows sharp and single peaks at 320, 341, and 333 nm for Zn/ZnO NPs in Ethanol, Acetone, and Distilled Water respectively. FTIR testing shows peaks at about 500 cm−1 for Zn/ZnO NPs in Ethanol, Acetone, and Distilled Water, which indicates Zn-O stretching vibrations. XRD investigation shows low-angle peaks at 23.31˚, 23.81˚, and 19.20˚ for Zn/ZnO NPs in Ethanol, Acetone, and Distilled Water, respectively. In addition, a sharp peak of high intensity was observed at 13.54˚ for Zn/ZnO Core/Shell NPs in Acetone. These peaks indicate that the structure is stable and undistorted. These patterns emphasize compact pore arrangements. The lower intensity of the gradient peaks indicates that ZnO formed at a preferred site. Nor did high-angle XRD patterns appear, indicating that the formed ZnO NPs are so small to be distinct from background noise or undetectable by widish angle XRD. The broad XRD peak at 2θ angles from 20° to 30° can also confirm that ZnO is low-crystalline. The TEM images show the presence of Zn/ZnO NPs in Ethanol, Acetone, and Distilled Water with a size of less than 50 nm, and TEM analysis confirms that the primary structure of Zn/ZnO NPs is a Core/Shell.\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":16215,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Kufa - Physics","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74806493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-12DOI: 10.31257/2018/jkp/2022/140106
Ahmed A. Hussein, Adnan F. Hassan
Liquid zinc acetate nanoparticles were added to a fluorescent organic dye (fluorescein sodium) to prepare three concentrations (2 × 10-5, 7×10-5, 1×10-4) moI/L, and the absorbance of the dye was measured before and after adding Liquid nanomaterial by using two devices (SCINCO Mega-2100 UV/visible Spectrophotometer.) as well as measuring the flux of the dye before and after adding zinc acetate nanoparticles using the (Spectrofluorometer F96 PRO). The Stoke displacement (Δη), the radiative age (τfm), the fluorescence lifetime (τf), and the quantitative efficiency (Qfm) were calculated. Absorption and fluorescence curves were drawn using the Excel program. The MATLAB program was also used to measure the area under the absorption and fluorescence spectra curves. It was found that the fluorescence intensity of fluorescein sodium dye has increased compared to the intensity of fluorescence before adding the nanomaterial and thus increasing the quantitative efficiency, which in turn helps in improving the performance of the photovoltaic concentrator, resulting in an improvement in the efficiency of the solar cell.
{"title":"Performance Enhancement of Luminescent Solar Concentrator by using Mixing Fluorescent Colors and Nanoparticles","authors":"Ahmed A. Hussein, Adnan F. Hassan","doi":"10.31257/2018/jkp/2022/140106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31257/2018/jkp/2022/140106","url":null,"abstract":"Liquid zinc acetate nanoparticles were added to a fluorescent organic dye (fluorescein sodium) to prepare three concentrations (2 × 10-5, 7×10-5, 1×10-4) moI/L, and the absorbance of the dye was measured before and after adding Liquid nanomaterial by using two devices (SCINCO Mega-2100 UV/visible Spectrophotometer.) as well as measuring the flux of the dye before and after adding zinc acetate nanoparticles using the (Spectrofluorometer F96 PRO). The Stoke displacement (Δη), the radiative age (τfm), the fluorescence lifetime (τf), and the quantitative efficiency (Qfm) were calculated. Absorption and fluorescence curves were drawn using the Excel program. The MATLAB program was also used to measure the area under the absorption and fluorescence spectra curves. It was found that the fluorescence intensity of fluorescein sodium dye has increased compared to the intensity of fluorescence before adding the nanomaterial and thus increasing the quantitative efficiency, which in turn helps in improving the performance of the photovoltaic concentrator, resulting in an improvement in the efficiency of the solar cell.","PeriodicalId":16215,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Kufa - Physics","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89771987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-10DOI: 10.31257/2018/jkp/2022/140102
Enas Riyadh Wdaah, Ahmed Asal Kzar
Satellite images are the essential data source for analyzing and monitoring land cover on various time scales, particularly across large regions. Landsat satellite data with a medium resolution was used to estimate land cover change over a 40-year period.This data contains information on land use and land cover patterns, is now freely available in the international archives. The LULC Remote Sensing Study assists in the ongoing detection and mitigation of crucial habitat risks to protect the environment. Sentinel-2, a satellite mission launched by the European Space Agency between 2015 and 2017 that uses high-resolution 10-day time-lapse multispectral data, gives a new opportunity for ground-based mapping and monitoring in the tropics. We employed 2015 ERDAS, a supervised classification method employing the maximum likelihood technique, to achieve this goal in Karbala/Iraq. This study examines if There is a significant difference in quality of data supplied by Landsat 8 and Sentinel-2 photographs in terms of change-detection maps of land use and land coverfor 2017 and 2021, the results of two satellites were compared ,They showed that their overall accuracy increased by 2.07% for 2017 and 1.83% for 2021, which is more overall accuracy than Landsat-8.
卫星图像是在各种时间尺度上分析和监测土地覆盖，特别是跨大区域土地覆盖的重要数据源。中等分辨率的陆地卫星数据用于估算40年期间的土地覆盖变化。这些数据载有关于土地利用和土地覆盖格局的资料，现在可以在国际档案中免费获得。土地资源中心遥感研究有助于不断发现和减轻关键栖息地风险，以保护环境。哨兵2号(Sentinel-2)是欧洲航天局(European Space Agency)在2015年至2017年间发射的一颗卫星，使用高分辨率的10天延时多光谱数据，为热带地区的地面测绘和监测提供了新的机会。为了在卡尔巴拉/伊拉克实现这一目标，我们采用了2015 ERDAS，一种采用最大似然技术的监督分类方法。本研究考察了2017年和2021年Landsat 8和Sentinel-2卫星提供的土地利用和土地覆盖变化检测图的数据质量是否存在显著差异，并对两颗卫星的结果进行了比较，结果表明，两者的总体精度在2017年和2021年分别提高了2.07%和1.83%，总体精度高于Landsat-8。
{"title":"Landsat8 vs. Sentinel-2: Land Use / Land Cover Change mapping for Karbala Governorate, Iraq, 2017 and 2021","authors":"Enas Riyadh Wdaah, Ahmed Asal Kzar","doi":"10.31257/2018/jkp/2022/140102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31257/2018/jkp/2022/140102","url":null,"abstract":"Satellite images are the essential data source for analyzing and monitoring land cover on various time scales, particularly across large regions. Landsat satellite data with a medium resolution was used to estimate land cover change over a 40-year period.This data contains information on land use and land cover patterns, is now freely available in the international archives. The LULC Remote Sensing Study assists in the ongoing detection and mitigation of crucial habitat risks to protect the environment. Sentinel-2, a satellite mission launched by the European Space Agency between 2015 and 2017 that uses high-resolution 10-day time-lapse multispectral data, gives a new opportunity for ground-based mapping and monitoring in the tropics. We employed 2015 ERDAS, a supervised classification method employing the maximum likelihood technique, to achieve this goal in Karbala/Iraq. This study examines if There is a significant difference in quality of data supplied by Landsat 8 and Sentinel-2 photographs in terms of change-detection maps of land use and land coverfor 2017 and 2021, the results of two satellites were compared ,They showed that their overall accuracy increased by 2.07% for 2017 and 1.83% for 2021, which is more overall accuracy than Landsat-8.\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":16215,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Kufa - Physics","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87769586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-10DOI: 10.31257/2018/jkp/2021/130201
Wadah Mohammed Mahdi, Aref S. Baron
In this work, perovskite compounds were prepared and studied by using chemical methods for methyl ammonium halide MABr and lead halide PbI2. The main objective of the study is to successfully prepare new types of perovskites using the one-step method by changing the weight ratios of lead halide PbI2 in a fixed weight ratio of methyl ammonium bromide MABr, where they were classified into samples P1 which represents MABr/PbI2 weight ratios (0.22:0.39)g, P4 which represents MABr/PbI2 weight ratios (0.22:0.59)g and P7 which represents MABr/PbI2 weight ratios (0.22:0.79)g and the impact of this change was studied. High crystallinity was obtained in the crystal structure of the P4 sample after increasing the weight ratio of lead halide from 0.39 g to 0.59 g. Then the crystallization decreased and the crystal structure changed after increasing the weight ratio from 0.59 g to 0.79 g in the sample P7. The increase in PbI2 weight from 0.39 g to 0.59 g and 0.79 g affected the absorption edge and shifted widely towards long wavelengths (red shift) from 625 nm to 691 nm and 805 nm. The energy band gap changed from 1.98 eV to 1.79 eV and to 1.53 eV. The study showed that the surface morphology of these samples, where a sample with a homogeneous film with a high density was obtained, resulted from an increase in the weight of lead halide from 0.39 g to 0.59 g and with small Nano-diameters of 34.25 nm for the P4 sample. After increasing the weight from 0.59 g to 0.79 g, a sample was obtained with a less dense membrane that contains many voids and a semi-micro large particle diameter is 97.32 nm for the sample P7. Finally, the sample P4 was selected with good crystalline and optical properties and a homogeneous surface formation with a high density that could enter into the special composition for the manufacture of optical devices with high efficiency and stability.
{"title":"Preparation and Characterization of Organic Inorganic Hybrid MAPbI2Br Perovskite","authors":"Wadah Mohammed Mahdi, Aref S. Baron","doi":"10.31257/2018/jkp/2021/130201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31257/2018/jkp/2021/130201","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, perovskite compounds were prepared and studied by using chemical methods for methyl ammonium halide MABr and lead halide PbI2. The main objective of the study is to successfully prepare new types of perovskites using the one-step method by changing the weight ratios of lead halide PbI2 in a fixed weight ratio of methyl ammonium bromide MABr, where they were classified into samples P1 which represents MABr/PbI2 weight ratios (0.22:0.39)g, P4 which represents MABr/PbI2 weight ratios (0.22:0.59)g and P7 which represents MABr/PbI2 weight ratios (0.22:0.79)g and the impact of this change was studied. High crystallinity was obtained in the crystal structure of the P4 sample after increasing the weight ratio of lead halide from 0.39 g to 0.59 g. Then the crystallization decreased and the crystal structure changed after increasing the weight ratio from 0.59 g to 0.79 g in the sample P7. The increase in PbI2 weight from 0.39 g to 0.59 g and 0.79 g affected the absorption edge and shifted widely towards long wavelengths (red shift) from 625 nm to 691 nm and 805 nm. The energy band gap changed from 1.98 eV to 1.79 eV and to 1.53 eV. The study showed that the surface morphology of these samples, where a sample with a homogeneous film with a high density was obtained, resulted from an increase in the weight of lead halide from 0.39 g to 0.59 g and with small Nano-diameters of 34.25 nm for the P4 sample. After increasing the weight from 0.59 g to 0.79 g, a sample was obtained with a less dense membrane that contains many voids and a semi-micro large particle diameter is 97.32 nm for the sample P7. Finally, the sample P4 was selected with good crystalline and optical properties and a homogeneous surface formation with a high density that could enter into the special composition for the manufacture of optical devices with high efficiency and stability.","PeriodicalId":16215,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Kufa - Physics","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77983797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-20DOI: 10.31257/2018/jkp/2017/v9.i2.9435
Khalidah Hasaan
The research aims to prepare titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticle powder in a chemically based method depending on the principle of top-to-bottom construction, and to use the prepared powder to coat titanium strips and study their properties for medical applications. The powder was prepared by the reaction of titanium trichloride with ammonium hydroxide and by appropriate standard conditions of temperature and pressure, and then put the reaction product from the previous process in an ultrasonic device where the solution turns into a colloidal white-colored state. Synthetic tests were performed using X-ray diffraction technique, results showed the presence of titanium dioxide granules with residues of ammonium compounds, we also examined the granular size of this foam liquid and the particle sizes were in micrometers. The prepared compound is placed in a centrifuge machine where we obtain a white powder and then dry it in a 100 ° C. The atomic force microscopy tests showed that the granular volume of the prepared TiO2 was about 80-60 nanometers. A titanium strip was coated with a thin layer of the prepared nonmetric powder. The corrosion tests were performed for the slide. The curves of the open circuit and the tafel show an improvement in the metal behavior after coating with the powder, which increases its resistance to corrosion
{"title":"Preparation of Titanium dioxide Nano powder and deposits the powder on Titanium slides","authors":"Khalidah Hasaan","doi":"10.31257/2018/jkp/2017/v9.i2.9435","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31257/2018/jkp/2017/v9.i2.9435","url":null,"abstract":"The research aims to prepare titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticle powder in a chemically based method depending on the principle of top-to-bottom construction, and to use the prepared powder to coat titanium strips and study their properties for medical applications. The powder was prepared by the reaction of titanium trichloride with ammonium hydroxide and by appropriate standard conditions of temperature and pressure, and then put the reaction product from the previous process in an ultrasonic device where the solution turns into a colloidal white-colored state. Synthetic tests were performed using X-ray diffraction technique, results showed the presence of titanium dioxide granules with residues of ammonium compounds, we also examined the granular size of this foam liquid and the particle sizes were in micrometers. The prepared compound is placed in a centrifuge machine where we obtain a white powder and then dry it in a 100 ° C. The atomic force microscopy tests showed that the granular volume of the prepared TiO2 was about 80-60 nanometers. A titanium strip was coated with a thin layer of the prepared nonmetric powder. The corrosion tests were performed for the slide. The curves of the open circuit and the tafel show an improvement in the metal behavior after coating with the powder, which increases its resistance to corrosion","PeriodicalId":16215,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Kufa - Physics","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80337631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-20DOI: 10.31257/2018/jkp/2017/v9.i2.9434
S. Hamd, A. Ramizy, I. Ibrahim
In this paper, the structure and optical properties of pure cadmium oxide films, and doped with gallium oxide have been achieved, the films were deposited on glass and silicon substrates, with different ratios (1,3,5,7)% via spry pyrolysis method, at the substrate temperature of ̊ C300. XRD results showed that all prepared films had a cubic polycrystalline structure, with preferred orientation of (111) for cadmium oxide. Surface morphology was studied using atomic force microscope (AFM), the grain size of the thin films was about 105.42-69.07 nm, with surface roughness is about (3.32-0.901) nm and root mean square (RMS) (3.97-1.05) nm for cadmium oxide films. The optical properties were studied using UV-VIS spectroscopy at wavelength (300-1100 nm), It was observed that the value of transmittance increases when the gallium doping are increasing and the films have a direct energy gap about (2.3-4) eV that increases with the increase in gallium concentration. Sensitivity properties of pure cadmium oxide films, and doped with gallium oxide was deposed on silicon substrates of NO2 gas at different operation temperatures was found that the films of CdO doped with Gallium oxide on silicon substrate has greater sensitivity than the films than the undoped and that the doping has improved the sensitivity of the membranes CdO.
{"title":"Preparation and Study of Cadmium Oxide Doped Gallium Oxide Thin Films and application of Gas Sensor","authors":"S. Hamd, A. Ramizy, I. Ibrahim","doi":"10.31257/2018/jkp/2017/v9.i2.9434","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31257/2018/jkp/2017/v9.i2.9434","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, the structure and optical properties of pure cadmium oxide films, and doped with gallium oxide have been achieved, the films were deposited on glass and silicon substrates, with different ratios (1,3,5,7)% via spry pyrolysis method, at the substrate temperature of ̊ C300. XRD results showed that all prepared films had a cubic polycrystalline structure, with preferred orientation of (111) for cadmium oxide. Surface morphology was studied using atomic force microscope (AFM), the grain size of the thin films was about 105.42-69.07 nm, with surface roughness is about (3.32-0.901) nm and root mean square (RMS) (3.97-1.05) nm for cadmium oxide films. The optical properties were studied using UV-VIS spectroscopy at wavelength (300-1100 nm), It was observed that the value of transmittance increases when the gallium doping are increasing and the films have a direct energy gap about (2.3-4) eV that increases with the increase in gallium concentration. Sensitivity properties of pure cadmium oxide films, and doped with gallium oxide was deposed on silicon substrates of NO2 gas at different operation temperatures was found that the films of CdO doped with Gallium oxide on silicon substrate has greater sensitivity than the films than the undoped and that the doping has improved the sensitivity of the membranes CdO.","PeriodicalId":16215,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Kufa - Physics","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79242137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-20DOI: 10.31257/2018/jkp/2017/v9.i2.9432
A. S. Dawood, Dakel R. Nedewi, H. M. Hussain
The study area is located in the west of the Al-Najaf Al-Ashraf city center, It is bounded by 32o 8’ 8” - 31o 39’ 16” N and 44o 3’ 15” – 43o 4’ 11” E, It covers an area of (1970 ) Km2 lying within the land of Al-Najaf sea. The study relied on Satellite Image for Operational Land Imager (OLI) and Thermal Infrared Sensor (TIRS) which captured on 07/13/2014 from the USGS site, The study area was truncated by using ERDAS package, and followed by choose the mix of False color Composite RGB (753) to be the best being a specialist to study the soil and minerals. Some improvements have been made (radiation and spectral and spatial) and Unsupervised classification as well as the use of Earth indicators such as the heterogeneity of the characteristics of field perspective on the ground such as soil Color, texture and natural plants in addition to topographical in determining the movement paths to select 16 Pedon sites . The results showed a variation in spectral reflectivity values both between studied pidons within the same spectral range or between the spectral bands used in this study, reflecting the state of the contrast between the characteristics of soils for studied pidons as well as the variation in susceptibility sensor spectral bands among them. The reflectance of B2 , B3 bands were low comparing with others in all pedons sites, this mean that ability of soil materials to absorb them were more than the rest, for this their sensitivity appear low. On other hand, B5 , B6 bands show higher reflectivity than others of OLI sensor in all pedons sites. As the NDVI index values were 0.1 or less, this mean that most of study areas were bare soils or covered with low vegetation. Thermal Infrared bands B10 , B11 show the highest values of DN comparing with others, this identifying that soil surface salts were thermal incentive. Spectral bands appear positive correlation with sand and clay grains but negative with Silt grains and bulk density. Electrical conductivity and gypsum appear negative correlation with all bands and studied spectral indices except B2,B3 bands were positive. Calcite shows positive correlation with all spectral bands and indices, but negative with B2 and NDWI index.
研究区位于Al-Najaf Al-Ashraf市中心西部，北纬320′8”- 310′39′16”，东经440′3′15”- 430′4′11”，面积为1970平方公里，位于Al-Najaf海内。本研究以2014年7月13日在美国地质勘测局(USGS)站点拍摄的OLI (Operational Land Imager)和TIRS (Thermal Infrared Sensor)卫星图像为基础，使用ERDAS包对研究区域进行截断，然后选择伪色复合RGB(753)混合，作为研究土壤和矿物的专家。在确定16个Pedon站点的运动路径时，进行了一些改进(辐射、光谱和空间)和非监督分类，以及使用地球指标，如土壤颜色、质地和自然植物等实地视角特征的异质性，以及地形因素。结果表明，在同一光谱范围内所研究的样地之间以及所使用的光谱带之间，光谱反射率值都存在差异，反映了所研究样地土壤特征之间的对比状态以及它们之间敏感性传感器光谱带的差异。B2、B3波段的反射率较低，说明土壤材料对B2、B3波段的吸收能力较强，因此其敏感性较低。另一方面，B5、B6波段的反射率均高于OLI传感器的其他波段。NDVI指数小于等于0.1，表明研究区大部分为裸地或低植被覆盖。热红外波段B10、B11的DN值最高，说明土壤表层盐具有热激励作用。光谱波段与砂粒、粘粒呈正相关，与粉粒、容重呈负相关。电导率与石膏在各波段呈负相关，除B2、B3波段呈正相关外，其余波段均呈负相关。方解石与各光谱波段和指数均呈正相关，与B2和NDWI指数呈负相关。
{"title":"Characterization , Classification and Prediction of Soil Map Units Boundaries by Using Remote Sensing and GIS in Bahar Al-Najaf / Iraq","authors":"A. S. Dawood, Dakel R. Nedewi, H. M. Hussain","doi":"10.31257/2018/jkp/2017/v9.i2.9432","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31257/2018/jkp/2017/v9.i2.9432","url":null,"abstract":"The study area is located in the west of the Al-Najaf Al-Ashraf city center, It is bounded by 32o 8’ 8” - 31o 39’ 16” N and 44o 3’ 15” – 43o 4’ 11” E, It covers an area of (1970 ) Km2 lying within the land of Al-Najaf sea. The study relied on Satellite Image for Operational Land Imager (OLI) and Thermal Infrared Sensor (TIRS) which captured on 07/13/2014 from the USGS site, The study area was truncated by using ERDAS package, and followed by choose the mix of False color Composite RGB (753) to be the best being a specialist to study the soil and minerals. Some improvements have been made (radiation and spectral and spatial) and Unsupervised classification as well as the use of Earth indicators such as the heterogeneity of the characteristics of field perspective on the ground such as soil Color, texture and natural plants in addition to topographical in determining the movement paths to select 16 Pedon sites . The results showed a variation in spectral reflectivity values both between studied pidons within the same spectral range or between the spectral bands used in this study, reflecting the state of the contrast between the characteristics of soils for studied pidons as well as the variation in susceptibility sensor spectral bands among them. The reflectance of B2 , B3 bands were low comparing with others in all pedons sites, this mean that ability of soil materials to absorb them were more than the rest, for this their sensitivity appear low. On other hand, B5 , B6 bands show higher reflectivity than others of OLI sensor in all pedons sites. As the NDVI index values were 0.1 or less, this mean that most of study areas were bare soils or covered with low vegetation. Thermal Infrared bands B10 , B11 show the highest values of DN comparing with others, this identifying that soil surface salts were thermal incentive. Spectral bands appear positive correlation with sand and clay grains but negative with Silt grains and bulk density. Electrical conductivity and gypsum appear negative correlation with all bands and studied spectral indices except B2,B3 bands were positive. Calcite shows positive correlation with all spectral bands and indices, but negative with B2 and NDWI index.","PeriodicalId":16215,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Kufa - Physics","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89812962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-12DOI: 10.31257/2018/jkp/2022/140103
Karar Mahdi Talib, Ahmed Fadhil Mkhaiber, Nada Farhan Kadhim
In this research, The uranium concentration in teeth samples was measured using a CR-39 track detector and the fission tracks registration method., for 25 samples of teeth distributed across Samawa City, each weighing (0.7) grams and (2) mm in thickness. Exposed done after preparing the samples into small spherical pellets covered with a 1x1cm2 CR-39 detector. These samples with detectors together were irradiated using an (241Am-Be) source with a neutron flux (5x103 n.cm-2.s-1) for one week. These samples were compared with standard samples to find uranium concentration. The results show that the maximum value of uranium concentration was (2.273 ppm) and value of the minimum uranium concentration was (0.626 ppm) and the concentration of uranium in females was higher than in males, the concentration of uranium was affected by several factors: the region of study, gender and age of the human.
{"title":"Determination uranium concentration of teeth in Al-Samawa city using the CR-39 nuclear track detector","authors":"Karar Mahdi Talib, Ahmed Fadhil Mkhaiber, Nada Farhan Kadhim","doi":"10.31257/2018/jkp/2022/140103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31257/2018/jkp/2022/140103","url":null,"abstract":"In this research, The uranium concentration in teeth samples was measured using a CR-39 track detector and the fission tracks registration method., for 25 samples of teeth distributed across Samawa City, each weighing (0.7) grams and (2) mm in thickness. Exposed done after preparing the samples into small spherical pellets covered with a 1x1cm2 CR-39 detector. These samples with detectors together were irradiated using an (241Am-Be) source with a neutron flux (5x103 n.cm-2.s-1) for one week. These samples were compared with standard samples to find uranium concentration. The results show that the maximum value of uranium concentration was (2.273 ppm) and value of the minimum uranium concentration was (0.626 ppm) and the concentration of uranium in females was higher than in males, the concentration of uranium was affected by several factors: the region of study, gender and age of the human.\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":16215,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Kufa - Physics","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81173200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-10DOI: 10.31257/2018/jkp/2021/130206
Saja Q.Ali, Wisam J. Aziz, Raad S. Sabry
Cr2O3 NPs were synthesized using Okra extract with two methods; the simple chemical method and sol-gel method. XRD analysis showed that the crystal size of Cr2O3 in a simple chemical method was (16.15) nm and with sol-gel method were 16.6 nm, 16.14 nm and 16 nm using annealing temperature of 200, 400 and 600 °C respectively. FE-SEM analysis showed that the nanoparticles of Cr2O3 NPs when using a simple chemical and the sol-gel methods, with particle sizes of (83.74-132.1) nm, (18.92-27.68) nm, (24.19-39.08) nm, and (12.04-15.83) nm that corresponding to a simple chemical method at 200 °C, sol-gel method at 200, 400 and 600 °C respectively. UV-Vis demonstrated that the band gap value of Cr2O3 NPs was 2.9 eV with a simple chemical method, while in a sol-gel method was (3.15, 3.3, 3.5) eV at different temperatures. The study showed an effective antibacterial activity of Cr2O3 NPs such was (12-14) mm of Gram's negative bacteria and (15-18) mm for Gram's positive bacteria in simple chemical method at (200) °C. The higher antibacterial activity of three different temperatures of sol-gel method was (20) mm for Gram's negative bacteria and (23) mm for Gram's positive bacteria at 200°C.
{"title":"Fabrication of Cr2O3 Nanoparticles Using Okra Plant Extract for Antimicrobial Activity","authors":"Saja Q.Ali, Wisam J. Aziz, Raad S. Sabry","doi":"10.31257/2018/jkp/2021/130206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31257/2018/jkp/2021/130206","url":null,"abstract":"Cr2O3 NPs were synthesized using Okra extract with two methods; the simple chemical method and sol-gel method. XRD analysis showed that the crystal size of Cr2O3 in a simple chemical method was (16.15) nm and with sol-gel method were 16.6 nm, 16.14 nm and 16 nm using annealing temperature of 200, 400 and 600 °C respectively. FE-SEM analysis showed that the nanoparticles of Cr2O3 NPs when using a simple chemical and the sol-gel methods, with particle sizes of (83.74-132.1) nm, (18.92-27.68) nm, (24.19-39.08) nm, and (12.04-15.83) nm that corresponding to a simple chemical method at 200 °C, sol-gel method at 200, 400 and 600 °C respectively. UV-Vis demonstrated that the band gap value of Cr2O3 NPs was 2.9 eV with a simple chemical method, while in a sol-gel method was (3.15, 3.3, 3.5) eV at different temperatures. The study showed an effective antibacterial activity of Cr2O3 NPs such was (12-14) mm of Gram's negative bacteria and (15-18) mm for Gram's positive bacteria in simple chemical method at (200) °C. The higher antibacterial activity of three different temperatures of sol-gel method was (20) mm for Gram's negative bacteria and (23) mm for Gram's positive bacteria at 200°C.","PeriodicalId":16215,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Kufa - Physics","volume":"82 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74601553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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