Pub Date : 2021-12-10DOI: 10.31257/2018/jkp/2021/130203
Mohammad Malik Abood, Aref S. Baron, Osama Abdul Azeez Dakhil
Methyl ammonium lead iodide (CH3NH3PbI3) Perovskite was synthesized by a mixing method in one and two steps. The ethanol solvent was also used to dissolve CH3NH3I that is compared with isopropanol solvent. The characterizations of synthesized perovskite samples include the structural properties, morphological characteristics, and optical properties. The intensity and orientation in X-ray diffraction patterns appear clearly in ethanol solvent. Additionally, the ethanol solvent increases the grain size of perovskite which is homogeneous of the surface morphology. It causes a decrease in the wavelength of absorbance edge in addition to an increase in the energy bandgap value. The photodetector parameters for MAPbI3 perovskites cover the PbS nanocrystal which was prepared on the FTO glass dissolved by Isopropanol and DMF where the responsivity Rλ= 0.0037 and the quantum efficiency QE=1.016% was under λ nm =650 nm and Vbias=0V. These values were decreased by using Ethanol solvent.
{"title":"Synthesis and Characterization of Methyl Ammonium Lead Halide Perovskite MAPbI3 for Applications in Photodetector Devices","authors":"Mohammad Malik Abood, Aref S. Baron, Osama Abdul Azeez Dakhil","doi":"10.31257/2018/jkp/2021/130203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31257/2018/jkp/2021/130203","url":null,"abstract":"Methyl ammonium lead iodide (CH3NH3PbI3) Perovskite was synthesized by a mixing method in one and two steps. The ethanol solvent was also used to dissolve CH3NH3I that is compared with isopropanol solvent. The characterizations of synthesized perovskite samples include the structural properties, morphological characteristics, and optical properties. The intensity and orientation in X-ray diffraction patterns appear clearly in ethanol solvent. Additionally, the ethanol solvent increases the grain size of perovskite which is homogeneous of the surface morphology. It causes a decrease in the wavelength of absorbance edge in addition to an increase in the energy bandgap value. The photodetector parameters for MAPbI3 perovskites cover the PbS nanocrystal which was prepared on the FTO glass dissolved by Isopropanol and DMF where the responsivity Rλ= 0.0037 and the quantum efficiency QE=1.016% was under λ nm =650 nm and Vbias=0V. These values were decreased by using Ethanol solvent.","PeriodicalId":16215,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Kufa - Physics","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89660526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pure Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) film and PVA polymer film/ Rhodamine 6G(Rh6G) dye film in different volume ratios of (6, 12,18, 24 and 30) ml of Rh6G were prepared via casting method. The addition of Magnesium Oxide (MgO) and Aluminium Oxide (Al2O3) nanoparticles as a filler to the polymer matrix. The results demonstrated that there was a 10 nm red shift in the absorption spectra of Rh6G in PVA/ Rh6G polymer matrix due to add doping ratio of Rh6G dye solution to the transparent PVA matrix. Also, there was a 5 nm red shift in polymer matrix filled with Al2O3 NPs; this means that Al2O3 NPs absorb the water and that consequently enhance the optical properties of polymer matrix. The intensity of Rh6G doped PVA polymer film was seen to be enhanced when adding MgO NPs or Al2O3 NPs, noted that intensity of adding Al2O3 NPs more than it when adding MgO NP. The electronic transition was found to be π→π*.
{"title":"Absorption Characteristics of Magnesium Oxide and Aluminium Oxide NPs/ Rhodamine 6G/ Polyvinyl Alcohol Films","authors":"Fairooz Faeq Kareem, Asrar Abd. Saeed, Mahasin F. Hadi, Farah Jawad Kadhum","doi":"10.31257/2018/jkp/2021/130207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31257/2018/jkp/2021/130207","url":null,"abstract":"Pure Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) film and PVA polymer film/ Rhodamine 6G(Rh6G) dye film in different volume ratios of (6, 12,18, 24 and 30) ml of Rh6G were prepared via casting method. The addition of Magnesium Oxide (MgO) and Aluminium Oxide (Al2O3) nanoparticles as a filler to the polymer matrix. The results demonstrated that there was a 10 nm red shift in the absorption spectra of Rh6G in PVA/ Rh6G polymer matrix due to add doping ratio of Rh6G dye solution to the transparent PVA matrix. Also, there was a 5 nm red shift in polymer matrix filled with Al2O3 NPs; this means that Al2O3 NPs absorb the water and that consequently enhance the optical properties of polymer matrix. The intensity of Rh6G doped PVA polymer film was seen to be enhanced when adding MgO NPs or Al2O3 NPs, noted that intensity of adding Al2O3 NPs more than it when adding MgO NP. The electronic transition was found to be π→π*.","PeriodicalId":16215,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Kufa - Physics","volume":"122 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77226925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-10DOI: 10.31257/2018/jkp/2021/130205
Ahmed H. Wanas
The pure substance of Zirconium oxide (ZrO2) was deposited on substrate of glass with various substrate temperatures using thermal evaporation under the pressure of (2×10-5 bar) and with a deposition rate of (0.5 nm/S) with an average thickness of (300 nm). The optical properties of these prepared films were concentrated as a function of the substrate temperature. It was found that the values of each of the refractive index, packing density, together with the extinction coefficient increased with the increase in the substrate temperature of the prepared films.
{"title":"Substrate Temperature Effect on the Optical Properties of ZrO2 Films Prepared by Thermal Evaporation","authors":"Ahmed H. Wanas","doi":"10.31257/2018/jkp/2021/130205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31257/2018/jkp/2021/130205","url":null,"abstract":"The pure substance of Zirconium oxide (ZrO2) was deposited on substrate of glass with various substrate temperatures using thermal evaporation under the pressure of (2×10-5 bar) and with a deposition rate of (0.5 nm/S) with an average thickness of (300 nm). The optical properties of these prepared films were concentrated as a function of the substrate temperature. It was found that the values of each of the refractive index, packing density, together with the extinction coefficient increased with the increase in the substrate temperature of the prepared films.","PeriodicalId":16215,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Kufa - Physics","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80944210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-10DOI: 10.31257/2018/jkp/2021/130208
Ahmed H. Hadi, Firas S. Mohammed, Sudad Salman AL-Basaam
The purpose of a surface plasmon resonance (SPR)-based photonic crystal fiber (PCF) biosensor is to achieve a maximal sensitivity for the detection of unknown analytes. Outside of the PCF, the chemically stable and inert plasmonic material gold (Au) was utilized. A solid core photonic crystal fibre (SC-PCF) with an endlessly single-mode was designed in this work, with both the centred core and holes in the cladding structured by circles. The SC-PCF was designed with a single solid center core surrounded by a six-ring hexagonal cladding. SC-PCF was measured utilizing the finite element method (FEM) and the perfectly matched layer (PML) boundary condition. The FEM was used to investigate the performance using COMSOL Multiphysics software. The proposed biosensor shows amplitude sensitivity of (167 to 886.38) RIU−1 within the sensing range of (1.3435 to 1.3471). Due to structural simplicity and excellent sensing properties, the proposed PCF can be regarded as a good biosensor.
{"title":"Design and simulation of Surface Plasmon Resonance based Solid Core Photonic crystal fiber biosensor","authors":"Ahmed H. Hadi, Firas S. Mohammed, Sudad Salman AL-Basaam","doi":"10.31257/2018/jkp/2021/130208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31257/2018/jkp/2021/130208","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of a surface plasmon resonance (SPR)-based photonic crystal fiber (PCF) biosensor is to achieve a maximal sensitivity for the detection of unknown analytes. Outside of the PCF, the chemically stable and inert plasmonic material gold (Au) was utilized. A solid core photonic crystal fibre (SC-PCF) with an endlessly single-mode was designed in this work, with both the centred core and holes in the cladding structured by circles. The SC-PCF was designed with a single solid center core surrounded by a six-ring hexagonal cladding. SC-PCF was measured utilizing the finite element method (FEM) and the perfectly matched layer (PML) boundary condition. The FEM was used to investigate the performance using COMSOL Multiphysics software. The proposed biosensor shows amplitude sensitivity of (167 to 886.38) RIU−1 within the sensing range of (1.3435 to 1.3471). Due to structural simplicity and excellent sensing properties, the proposed PCF can be regarded as a good biosensor.","PeriodicalId":16215,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Kufa - Physics","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85040978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-10DOI: 10.31257/2018/jkp/2021/130204
Yaqoob M. Jawad, Mahasin F. Hadi Al- Kadhemy
The blending technology makes it possible to rebuild high molecular weights of partial polymers, thus to improve the product performance together with improvement of specific properties. Pure Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) film and CMC (80%) doped Polyacrylic Acid (PAA) (20%) films were prepared by using a solution casting method. The influence of PAA polymer addition on the structural and optical properties of CMC polymer was investigated systematically. From X-ray diffraction patterns, adding a polymer PAA to a polymer CMC can lead to the appearance of peaks in polymer blend. FESEM image for CMC/ PAA film showed the formation of small spherical grains for PAA into CMC that insured the existence of some peaks in XRD pattern of PAA in CMC film which means the improvement of the microstructure of the polymer matrix. No chemical interactions were observed between CMC and PAA polymers from results of FTIR spectrum, so that incorporation of PAA into CMC polymer will results physical reaction only. The results of the UV spectrum have shown that the absorbance, absorption coefficient, extinction coefficient, refractive index, real and imaginary dielectric constants were increased in blend polymer compared with the pure polymer. The energy gap and transmittance of blend polymer compared with the pure polymer were reduced.
{"title":"Structural and Optical Characteristics of Carboxymethylcellulose / Polyacrylic Acid Polymer Blend","authors":"Yaqoob M. Jawad, Mahasin F. Hadi Al- Kadhemy","doi":"10.31257/2018/jkp/2021/130204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31257/2018/jkp/2021/130204","url":null,"abstract":"The blending technology makes it possible to rebuild high molecular weights of partial polymers, thus to improve the product performance together with improvement of specific properties. Pure Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) film and CMC (80%) doped Polyacrylic Acid (PAA) (20%) films were prepared by using a solution casting method. The influence of PAA polymer addition on the structural and optical properties of CMC polymer was investigated systematically. From X-ray diffraction patterns, adding a polymer PAA to a polymer CMC can lead to the appearance of peaks in polymer blend. FESEM image for CMC/ PAA film showed the formation of small spherical grains for PAA into CMC that insured the existence of some peaks in XRD pattern of PAA in CMC film which means the improvement of the microstructure of the polymer matrix. No chemical interactions were observed between CMC and PAA polymers from results of FTIR spectrum, so that incorporation of PAA into CMC polymer will results physical reaction only. The results of the UV spectrum have shown that the absorbance, absorption coefficient, extinction coefficient, refractive index, real and imaginary dielectric constants were increased in blend polymer compared with the pure polymer. The energy gap and transmittance of blend polymer compared with the pure polymer were reduced.","PeriodicalId":16215,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Kufa - Physics","volume":"241 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75727542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-17DOI: 10.31257/2018/jkp/2021/130104
M. Al-Helaly, Nathera A. Al-tememee
The research included the preparation and then studying the structural and optical properties of the cobalt dioxide (CoO2)films. The latter films were prepared using a semi-computerized spray pyrolysis technique (SCSPT),. The X-ray diffraction gave polycrystalline nature with crystal system trigonal (hexagonal axes), and the Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) showed that all films contain the elements (Co and O) indicating formation of (CoO2) films with high purity. FTIR measurements showed of chemical bonds of CoO2 clearly. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM ) Showed clearly that the formed thin films under the optimum conditions were homogeneous, dense and compact, and Atomic Force Microscopy(AFM) results showed that the topography of the film surface where surface roughness was found to be 7.91 nm, root mean square was 9.69 nm., and the average granularity diameter was 78.00 nm. The optical properties (absorbance, absorption coefficient, extinction coefficient, refractive index, optical Conductivity, the real ε_(1 ) and imaginary ε_2 part of the dielectric constant )were decreased with increasing the wavelength, while the transmittance increases with increasing wavelength. The optical energy gap was (1.98eV) and this is a good optical energy gap values for photovoltaic applications.
{"title":"The Structural and Optical Properties of Cobalt dioxide (CoO2 )Thin Films deposited via (SCSP) Technique for photovoltaic applications","authors":"M. Al-Helaly, Nathera A. Al-tememee","doi":"10.31257/2018/jkp/2021/130104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31257/2018/jkp/2021/130104","url":null,"abstract":"The research included the preparation and then studying the structural and optical properties of the cobalt dioxide (CoO2)films. The latter films were prepared using a semi-computerized spray pyrolysis technique (SCSPT),. The X-ray diffraction gave polycrystalline nature with crystal system trigonal (hexagonal axes), and the Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) showed that all films contain the elements (Co and O) indicating formation of (CoO2) films with high purity. FTIR measurements showed of chemical bonds of CoO2 clearly. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM ) Showed clearly that the formed thin films under the optimum conditions were homogeneous, dense and compact, and Atomic Force Microscopy(AFM) results showed that the topography of the film surface where surface roughness was found to be 7.91 nm, root mean square was 9.69 nm., and the average granularity diameter was 78.00 nm. The optical properties (absorbance, absorption coefficient, extinction coefficient, refractive index, optical Conductivity, the real ε_(1 ) and imaginary ε_2 part of the dielectric constant )were decreased with increasing the wavelength, while the transmittance increases with increasing wavelength. The optical energy gap was (1.98eV) and this is a good optical energy gap values for photovoltaic applications.","PeriodicalId":16215,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Kufa - Physics","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83663679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-10DOI: 10.31257/2018/jkp/2021/130101
A. Yassir, A. Hussain, F. A. Ali
The Differential Cross Sections (DCS's), Total Cross Sections (TCS's) and Momentum Transfer Cross Sections (MTCS's) of electron and positron scattering by radium and radon atoms were calculated in the range of energy (5–500) eV using a total potential consisting of combining the static, exchange and polarization potentials at long distances. In addition, the correlation potential of Perdew–Zunger at short distances for electrons was used, as well as the correlation potential of Jain for positrons. The exchange potential for positrons was neglected. In this study, a good agreement with other experimental values and theoretical values of many investigators was found.
{"title":"Elastic Scattering of Electron and Positron by Radium and Radon Atoms","authors":"A. Yassir, A. Hussain, F. A. Ali","doi":"10.31257/2018/jkp/2021/130101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31257/2018/jkp/2021/130101","url":null,"abstract":"The Differential Cross Sections (DCS's), Total Cross Sections (TCS's) and Momentum Transfer Cross Sections (MTCS's) of electron and positron scattering by radium and radon atoms were calculated in the range of energy (5–500) eV using a total potential consisting of combining the static, exchange and polarization potentials at long distances. In addition, the correlation potential of Perdew–Zunger at short distances for electrons was used, as well as the correlation potential of Jain for positrons. The exchange potential for positrons was neglected. In this study, a good agreement with other experimental values and theoretical values of many investigators was found.","PeriodicalId":16215,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Kufa - Physics","volume":"96 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84608807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-10DOI: 10.31257/2018/jkp/2021/130105
Ghufran M. Abbas, Aref S. Baron
Thin films of TiO2 nanostructures were prepared on FTO bases with different temperatures 140 ° C and 160 °C for 4 h. The XRD results showed that that there was an increase in the intensity of the peaks of the prepared (quadrangular) samples and a decrease in the FWHM was observed due to the increase in temperature as well as increase in the grain size in which the distance between the grains was decreased. According to the UV-Vis results, the energy band gap Eg was calculated from the reflectivity spectrum using the Kobelka - Monk equation. The increase in temperature has reduced the energy band gap, which shifting it towards the blue direction. FESEM, an increase in the surface thickness of the thin film due to an increase in the preparation temperature. The solar cell efficiency was decreased with increased in temperature. Where it was found the efficiency reduce rom 0.17% to 0.004% for As for 140 ° C and 160 ° C respectively
{"title":"Fabrication and Characterization of Dye Sensitized Solar Cells Based on TiO2","authors":"Ghufran M. Abbas, Aref S. Baron","doi":"10.31257/2018/jkp/2021/130105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31257/2018/jkp/2021/130105","url":null,"abstract":"Thin films of TiO2 nanostructures were prepared on FTO bases with different temperatures 140 ° C and 160 °C for 4 h. The XRD results showed that that there was an increase in the intensity of the peaks of the prepared (quadrangular) samples and a decrease in the FWHM was observed due to the increase in temperature as well as increase in the grain size in which the distance between the grains was decreased. According to the UV-Vis results, the energy band gap Eg was calculated from the reflectivity spectrum using the Kobelka - Monk equation. The increase in temperature has reduced the energy band gap, which shifting it towards the blue direction. FESEM, an increase in the surface thickness of the thin film due to an increase in the preparation temperature. The solar cell efficiency was decreased with increased in temperature. Where it was found the efficiency reduce rom 0.17% to 0.004% for As for 140 ° C and 160 ° C respectively","PeriodicalId":16215,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Kufa - Physics","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79619547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-10DOI: 10.31257/2018/jkp/2021/130102
ali shkhair younus, S. N. A. Wahid
Turbidity was calculated by solar irradiance (Linke's Turbidity) for sixteen Iraqi sites. These sites were distributed among middle, north and south of Iraq. We have updated these results of turbidity by depending on direct solar radiation, diffuse solar radiation, total solar radiation, and solar constant as inputs for mathematical models in computer programs. The latter calculations taking into account the hours of actual sun shine, hours of theoretical sun shine of the sun, the angle of the sun's rays, and the angle of the sun during the months of the year. The results showed that turbidity in the Iraqi sites which considered in this research depends mainly on the months of the year regardless of the fact that this site is located in the north, middle or south of Iraq. The amount of turbidity is at its greatest value during the winter season, specifically the month of December, where the average turbidity varied for those sites. In latter month the turbidity was ranged from (4.85 to 5.73), while in January it ranged from (4.75 to 5.72), then it began to decrease until the value of turbidity in most sites reached its lowest level in September, where the average turbidity of the studied sites varied (except for the site of Najaf) in this month (2.82 - 3.10) While the Najaf site was unique in registering the lowest average amount of turbidity in June by (3.25). The results showed that the turbidity in all sites included in this research ranges between (2.82 - 5.73) during the year.
{"title":"Theoretical study of Linke's Turbidity at Some Iraqi Sites Based on Solar Radiation","authors":"ali shkhair younus, S. N. A. Wahid","doi":"10.31257/2018/jkp/2021/130102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31257/2018/jkp/2021/130102","url":null,"abstract":"Turbidity was calculated by solar irradiance (Linke's Turbidity) for sixteen Iraqi sites. These sites were distributed among middle, north and south of Iraq. We have updated these results of turbidity by depending on direct solar radiation, diffuse solar radiation, total solar radiation, and solar constant as inputs for mathematical models in computer programs. The latter calculations taking into account the hours of actual sun shine, hours of theoretical sun shine of the sun, the angle of the sun's rays, and the angle of the sun during the months of the year. The results showed that turbidity in the Iraqi sites which considered in this research depends mainly on the months of the year regardless of the fact that this site is located in the north, middle or south of Iraq. The amount of turbidity is at its greatest value during the winter season, specifically the month of December, where the average turbidity varied for those sites. In latter month the turbidity was ranged from (4.85 to 5.73), while in January it ranged from (4.75 to 5.72), then it began to decrease until the value of turbidity in most sites reached its lowest level in September, where the average turbidity of the studied sites varied (except for the site of Najaf) in this month (2.82 - 3.10) While the Najaf site was unique in registering the lowest average amount of turbidity in June by (3.25). The results showed that the turbidity in all sites included in this research ranges between (2.82 - 5.73) during the year.","PeriodicalId":16215,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Kufa - Physics","volume":"90 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78694902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-10DOI: 10.31257/2018/jkp/2021/130103
Ali K. Al-zuwain, Z. Ahmed, Wa'il A. Godaymi
The short backfire antenna is one of the important types of antennas due to its high directional and other characteristics. Therefore, this research deals with, a theoretical study to calculate the radiative structures of a short backfire antenna as an axially symmetric body using the moment method. The main goal is to theoretically calculate the radiation fields and compare them with previous practical researches. Where the mathematical analysis with the used software was verified by comparing the results and noting the extent of the match. The other goal is to study the effect of the antenna dimensions on its performance by studying the effect of adding a rim to the edge of the large back reflector, as well as studying the change of the radius of the two reflectors (large and small), where it was confirmed that the best value for the radius of the large reflectors and small (Rm=1λ) (Rs= 0.25 λ) respectively.
{"title":"Theoretical analysis of short backfire antenna by using Moment of method","authors":"Ali K. Al-zuwain, Z. Ahmed, Wa'il A. Godaymi","doi":"10.31257/2018/jkp/2021/130103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31257/2018/jkp/2021/130103","url":null,"abstract":"The short backfire antenna is one of the important types of antennas due to its high directional and other characteristics. Therefore, this research deals with, a theoretical study to calculate the radiative structures of a short backfire antenna as an axially symmetric body using the moment method. The main goal is to theoretically calculate the radiation fields and compare them with previous practical researches. Where the mathematical analysis with the used software was verified by comparing the results and noting the extent of the match. The other goal is to study the effect of the antenna dimensions on its performance by studying the effect of adding a rim to the edge of the large back reflector, as well as studying the change of the radius of the two reflectors (large and small), where it was confirmed that the best value for the radius of the large reflectors and small (Rm=1λ) (Rs= 0.25 λ) respectively.","PeriodicalId":16215,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Kufa - Physics","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79051688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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