In the complex and dynamic discrete manufacturing environment, accurate prediction of the workshop operation situation (WOS) is crucial to ensure on-time delivery of orders. However, the spatio-temporal (ST) coupling characteristics of the manufacturing process, dynamic fluctuations of workshop performance, and varying contributions of samples to the prediction model make WOS prediction more challenging. To address these issues, this paper proposes a ST parallel ensemble learning approach for WOS prediction. Specifically, based on workshop production data, a temporal data model and a dynamic graph model are constructed to comprehensively characterize the ST characteristics of the production process. Subsequently, this paper proposes a ST parallel ensemble learning method, named Adaboost-GLT, which integrates three ST weak learners (GCN, LSTM, and TGCN) to effectively capture the ST characteristics. Furthermore, a dynamic optimal selection mechanism is designed to adaptively select the best-performing weak learner at each stage, enabling the prediction method to evolve synchronously with the dynamic changes of the manufacturing process. Additionally, a sample weight updating strategy that takes into account sample timeliness and prediction error is introduced to improve the rationality of Adaboost-GLT's attention allocation to samples during training. Finally, the performance of Adaboost-GLT is experimentally validated on real workshop production datasets. The experimental results show that Adaboost-GLT can fully exploit the ST characteristics, effectively cope with the dynamic fluctuations of workshop performance, and thereby achieve high-precision prediction of WOS.
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