Pub Date : 1986-04-01DOI: 10.2753/CSP1097-146717033
Ding Baolan
It is, to begin with, a normal and commonplace phenomenon of scholarly discourse that people would hold varying viewpoints when they come to study and discuss the world view of great historical figures such as Sun Yat-sen. What is noteworthy, however, is that if such studies stem from different points of departure, then there are bound to be major differences in their various conclusions. What should we take as a point of departure in our study of Sun Yat-sen's world view? Should it be the ready-made conclusions of the "classical authors" of Marxism and Mao Zedong Thought? Or should it be the realities of Sun Yat-sen's world view, serving as an object of [the study of] history of philosophy? This is the first major problem to be resolved in the area of methodology. Concretely speaking, was Sun's world view materialist or idealist? On this question Comrade Mao Zedong once made a pertinent evaluation. He said: "The cosmology contained in the Three People's Principles is what is called the minsheng (people's...
{"title":"On the Historical Status of Sun Yat-sen's World View in the Development of Chinese Philosophy","authors":"Ding Baolan","doi":"10.2753/CSP1097-146717033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2753/CSP1097-146717033","url":null,"abstract":"It is, to begin with, a normal and commonplace phenomenon of scholarly discourse that people would hold varying viewpoints when they come to study and discuss the world view of great historical figures such as Sun Yat-sen. What is noteworthy, however, is that if such studies stem from different points of departure, then there are bound to be major differences in their various conclusions. What should we take as a point of departure in our study of Sun Yat-sen's world view? Should it be the ready-made conclusions of the \"classical authors\" of Marxism and Mao Zedong Thought? Or should it be the realities of Sun Yat-sen's world view, serving as an object of [the study of] history of philosophy? This is the first major problem to be resolved in the area of methodology. Concretely speaking, was Sun's world view materialist or idealist? On this question Comrade Mao Zedong once made a pertinent evaluation. He said: \"The cosmology contained in the Three People's Principles is what is called the minsheng (people's...","PeriodicalId":162534,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Studies in Philosophy","volume":" 31","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120828762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1986-04-01DOI: 10.2753/CSP1097-1467170326
Fang Keli
Editorial note [from the editors of Zhongguo shehui kexue]: This essay takes the position that the categories ti (substance) and yong (function) are a pair of categories that suffice to express the characteristics of the mode of theoretical reasoning and thought of the Chinese people. It posits that these categories, or rather, this category [in the sense that the two are symbiotic and intertwined] is a product of the development of Chinese philosophy itself. The fundamental connotations of this category of ti-yong are: first, it is a relationship between reality and its effects, functions, and character; second, it is a relationship between ontological substance (essential nature) and phenomenon. In [the history of China's ancient and modern philosophy], a set of complex and interlocking struggles has developed around this category of ti-yong between materialism and idealism, between dialectics and metaphysics, and [these struggles] have left us with very rich experiences and lessons in the area of theor...
{"title":"On the Categories of Substance and Function in Chinese Philosophy","authors":"Fang Keli","doi":"10.2753/CSP1097-1467170326","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2753/CSP1097-1467170326","url":null,"abstract":"Editorial note [from the editors of Zhongguo shehui kexue]: This essay takes the position that the categories ti (substance) and yong (function) are a pair of categories that suffice to express the characteristics of the mode of theoretical reasoning and thought of the Chinese people. It posits that these categories, or rather, this category [in the sense that the two are symbiotic and intertwined] is a product of the development of Chinese philosophy itself. The fundamental connotations of this category of ti-yong are: first, it is a relationship between reality and its effects, functions, and character; second, it is a relationship between ontological substance (essential nature) and phenomenon. In [the history of China's ancient and modern philosophy], a set of complex and interlocking struggles has developed around this category of ti-yong between materialism and idealism, between dialectics and metaphysics, and [these struggles] have left us with very rich experiences and lessons in the area of theor...","PeriodicalId":162534,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Studies in Philosophy","volume":"74 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115582726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1985-10-01DOI: 10.2753/CSP1097-1467170122
Feng Jingyuan
The concept of matter is the cornerstone of philosophical materialism. In each of the nations and cultures of the world it has undergone a long historical process of change and development. To study these concepts of matter from a comparative perspective will undoubtedly help to clarify the general laws governing human philosophical thinking and their various characteristics in the many cultural traditions of the peoples of the world.
{"title":"Qi and the Atom: A Comparison of the Concept of Matter in Chinese and Western Philosophy","authors":"Feng Jingyuan","doi":"10.2753/CSP1097-1467170122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2753/CSP1097-1467170122","url":null,"abstract":"The concept of matter is the cornerstone of philosophical materialism. In each of the nations and cultures of the world it has undergone a long historical process of change and development. To study these concepts of matter from a comparative perspective will undoubtedly help to clarify the general laws governing human philosophical thinking and their various characteristics in the many cultural traditions of the peoples of the world.","PeriodicalId":162534,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Studies in Philosophy","volume":"185 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122141408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1985-10-01DOI: 10.2753/CSP1097-1467170145
Zhang Liwen
The mainstream of modern Chinese philosophical development (i.e., from the Opium War to the May Fourth Movement) is the movement to develop bourgeois philosophy, also known as the movement of "New Learning" (Xin xue yundong). In modern times, this movement underwent the various cycles of generation, emergence, development, progress toward maturity, and decline. Owing to the limitations and stipulations of the nature of semicolonial and semifeudal society and the basic contradictions in society, and to the fact that capitalism did not develop fully in China, modern China's bourgeois philosophy contained within itself a certain duality of character. In this essay, I would like to offer some discussions on this topic in the hope of learning something from the reactions of comrades.
{"title":"A Tentative Discussion of the Duality of Modern Chinese Bourgeois Philosophy","authors":"Zhang Liwen","doi":"10.2753/CSP1097-1467170145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2753/CSP1097-1467170145","url":null,"abstract":"The mainstream of modern Chinese philosophical development (i.e., from the Opium War to the May Fourth Movement) is the movement to develop bourgeois philosophy, also known as the movement of \"New Learning\" (Xin xue yundong). In modern times, this movement underwent the various cycles of generation, emergence, development, progress toward maturity, and decline. Owing to the limitations and stipulations of the nature of semicolonial and semifeudal society and the basic contradictions in society, and to the fact that capitalism did not develop fully in China, modern China's bourgeois philosophy contained within itself a certain duality of character. In this essay, I would like to offer some discussions on this topic in the hope of learning something from the reactions of comrades.","PeriodicalId":162534,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Studies in Philosophy","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126594836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1985-10-01DOI: 10.2753/CSP1097-146717013
Wang Yu
In 1937, at a philosophical symposium chaired by Charles Morris at the University of Chicago in the United States, Von Bertalanffy, an Austrian-American philosopher, announced the imminent establishment of a new field of knowledge, which he called a general theory of systems. In the wake of that proclamation, there emerged, in the world outside of China, a wave of enthusiasm that could be called systems mania. In 1978, Comrade Qian Xueshen and two others published in Wen hui bao an article titled "Systems Engineering: The Technology of Organizational Management." Since then, many comrades in our country have also carried out a considerable amount of research and study on the problems related to the theory of systems. Among these studies, the main focus of investigation, by comparison, has been the specific substance and contents of the concept of systems, the laws of systems, and the systems method. In the following essay, I shall attempt, under the guidance of the principle of dialectical materialism, to...
{"title":"Systems, the Laws of Systems, and the Systems Method","authors":"Wang Yu","doi":"10.2753/CSP1097-146717013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2753/CSP1097-146717013","url":null,"abstract":"In 1937, at a philosophical symposium chaired by Charles Morris at the University of Chicago in the United States, Von Bertalanffy, an Austrian-American philosopher, announced the imminent establishment of a new field of knowledge, which he called a general theory of systems. In the wake of that proclamation, there emerged, in the world outside of China, a wave of enthusiasm that could be called systems mania. In 1978, Comrade Qian Xueshen and two others published in Wen hui bao an article titled \"Systems Engineering: The Technology of Organizational Management.\" Since then, many comrades in our country have also carried out a considerable amount of research and study on the problems related to the theory of systems. Among these studies, the main focus of investigation, by comparison, has been the specific substance and contents of the concept of systems, the laws of systems, and the systems method. In the following essay, I shall attempt, under the guidance of the principle of dialectical materialism, to...","PeriodicalId":162534,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Studies in Philosophy","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126653949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1985-10-01DOI: 10.2753/CSP1097-1467170170
Zhōu Chāngzhōng
Contemporary Western philosophy of science is formed via the multifarious interconnections and interactions between logical positivism and the various schools of thought represented by Karl Popper, Thomas Kuhn, Imre Lakatos, P. Feyerabend, and so on. It is a philosophical rethinking of contemporary natural science symbolized by Non-Euclidean geometry, the quantum theory of physics and mechanics, and the theory of relativity. In historical terms, one can trace the steps of their philosophy of science back to the eighteenth century. The relationship of the thought of David Hume and Immanuel Kant, for example, to classical natural science is similar to the relationship that exists between the various philosophical schools of thought that we have just mentioned and contemporary natural science. In these terms, we may very well consider Kant's and Hume's philosophy as "classical philosophies of science." In fact, Kant's "philosophy of criticism" was, in its entirety, a philosophical examination of classical na...
{"title":"Albert Einstein and Contemporary Western Philosophy of Science","authors":"Zhōu Chāngzhōng","doi":"10.2753/CSP1097-1467170170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2753/CSP1097-1467170170","url":null,"abstract":"Contemporary Western philosophy of science is formed via the multifarious interconnections and interactions between logical positivism and the various schools of thought represented by Karl Popper, Thomas Kuhn, Imre Lakatos, P. Feyerabend, and so on. It is a philosophical rethinking of contemporary natural science symbolized by Non-Euclidean geometry, the quantum theory of physics and mechanics, and the theory of relativity. In historical terms, one can trace the steps of their philosophy of science back to the eighteenth century. The relationship of the thought of David Hume and Immanuel Kant, for example, to classical natural science is similar to the relationship that exists between the various philosophical schools of thought that we have just mentioned and contemporary natural science. In these terms, we may very well consider Kant's and Hume's philosophy as \"classical philosophies of science.\" In fact, Kant's \"philosophy of criticism\" was, in its entirety, a philosophical examination of classical na...","PeriodicalId":162534,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Studies in Philosophy","volume":"43 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120989308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1985-07-01DOI: 10.2753/CSP1097-1467160443
X. Xi
Editor's Note: As a new, emerging branch of learning, the science of policy making is arousing the close attention of policymakers at various levels as well as theoretical workers. All kinds of complicated and arduous new problems posed by socialist modernization and the increasing complexity of the structure and laws of social activities make a scientific approach to policy making and its modernization an extremely urgent task. Herein lies the necessity and urgency of a philosophical analysis of the question of policy making. A series of problems have arisen, such as scientific policy making and objective laws (including the laws of nature, society, and thought), scientific policy making and practice and recognition, scientific policy making and scientific prediction, scientific method and standard of value in scientific policy making, all of which must be answered from the high plane of philosophy. Meanwhile, the modern science of policy making is showing the trend of comprehensive use of all kinds of n...
{"title":"A Study of Policy Making","authors":"X. Xi","doi":"10.2753/CSP1097-1467160443","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2753/CSP1097-1467160443","url":null,"abstract":"Editor's Note: As a new, emerging branch of learning, the science of policy making is arousing the close attention of policymakers at various levels as well as theoretical workers. All kinds of complicated and arduous new problems posed by socialist modernization and the increasing complexity of the structure and laws of social activities make a scientific approach to policy making and its modernization an extremely urgent task. Herein lies the necessity and urgency of a philosophical analysis of the question of policy making. A series of problems have arisen, such as scientific policy making and objective laws (including the laws of nature, society, and thought), scientific policy making and practice and recognition, scientific policy making and scientific prediction, scientific method and standard of value in scientific policy making, all of which must be answered from the high plane of philosophy. Meanwhile, the modern science of policy making is showing the trend of comprehensive use of all kinds of n...","PeriodicalId":162534,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Studies in Philosophy","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114478095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1985-07-01DOI: 10.2753/CSP1097-1467160481
Mao Jihua
What is Marxist philosophy? And what do we mean by its integration? This is a question of some controversy in philosophical circles. Comrade He Wei, in his article "What Marx Founded Was an Integral Philosophy of Historical Materialism" (published in Studies in Philosophy, no. 6, 1983), integrated Marxist philosophy with historical materialism, suggesting thereby that Marxist philosophy is historical materialism. On the other hand, Comrade Meng Xianzhong, writing the article "The Genealogy and Substance of Terms in ‘Dialectical Materialism’" (in Studies in Philosophy, no. 3, 1984), advocated that Marxist philosophy should be integrated with dialectical materialism, thereby suggesting that Marxist philosophy is dialectical materialism, and did not, in addition, consist of historical materialism. In my view, both of these viewpoints merit further study and discussion. In the following I would like to propose a few crude points of understanding of my own on these questions.
{"title":"More on the Question of the Integration of Marxist Philosophy","authors":"Mao Jihua","doi":"10.2753/CSP1097-1467160481","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2753/CSP1097-1467160481","url":null,"abstract":"What is Marxist philosophy? And what do we mean by its integration? This is a question of some controversy in philosophical circles. Comrade He Wei, in his article \"What Marx Founded Was an Integral Philosophy of Historical Materialism\" (published in Studies in Philosophy, no. 6, 1983), integrated Marxist philosophy with historical materialism, suggesting thereby that Marxist philosophy is historical materialism. On the other hand, Comrade Meng Xianzhong, writing the article \"The Genealogy and Substance of Terms in ‘Dialectical Materialism’\" (in Studies in Philosophy, no. 3, 1984), advocated that Marxist philosophy should be integrated with dialectical materialism, thereby suggesting that Marxist philosophy is dialectical materialism, and did not, in addition, consist of historical materialism. In my view, both of these viewpoints merit further study and discussion. In the following I would like to propose a few crude points of understanding of my own on these questions.","PeriodicalId":162534,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Studies in Philosophy","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124833730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1985-07-01DOI: 10.2753/CSP1097-1467160492
Lin Dingyi
Analogy is not a method of logical reasoning but a method of conjecture. This is because the conclusion of logical reasoning in its true sense must be drawn inevitably from its premise through a certain logical process. But analogy does not have this characteristic. Therefore, in the sense of modern logic, analogy is generally not recognized as a logical method. It was in this sense that Einstein stressed that from experiential facts to theory there was no passage for logic. Of course, he could not deny the role played by analogy in scientific recognition; on the contrary, he attached great importance to this role. The problem is in the idea that analogy is not a "passage for logic." As early as thirty years ago, the well-known contemporary American logician Tarski (Polish by origin) emphatically pointed out the difference between logic and empirico-scientific methods (analogy, induction, etc.) and at that time tended to doubt the possibility of the existence of any "logic of empirical science," which is ...
{"title":"Analogy and Association","authors":"Lin Dingyi","doi":"10.2753/CSP1097-1467160492","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2753/CSP1097-1467160492","url":null,"abstract":"Analogy is not a method of logical reasoning but a method of conjecture. This is because the conclusion of logical reasoning in its true sense must be drawn inevitably from its premise through a certain logical process. But analogy does not have this characteristic. Therefore, in the sense of modern logic, analogy is generally not recognized as a logical method. It was in this sense that Einstein stressed that from experiential facts to theory there was no passage for logic. Of course, he could not deny the role played by analogy in scientific recognition; on the contrary, he attached great importance to this role. The problem is in the idea that analogy is not a \"passage for logic.\" As early as thirty years ago, the well-known contemporary American logician Tarski (Polish by origin) emphatically pointed out the difference between logic and empirico-scientific methods (analogy, induction, etc.) and at that time tended to doubt the possibility of the existence of any \"logic of empirical science,\" which is ...","PeriodicalId":162534,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Studies in Philosophy","volume":"155 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120948756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1984-10-01DOI: 10.2753/CSP1097-146716013
Ma Runqing, Chen Zhonghua
At a time when China has ushered in a new phase of socialist modernization, the problem of how to enhance the value of men bears an extremely close relation to the building of two civilizations. Therefore to study the Marxist point of view on man's value and clarify the relation between the value of man and the building of the two civilizations bears a major theoretic and practical significance.
{"title":"The Value of Man and the Building of Two Civilizations","authors":"Ma Runqing, Chen Zhonghua","doi":"10.2753/CSP1097-146716013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2753/CSP1097-146716013","url":null,"abstract":"At a time when China has ushered in a new phase of socialist modernization, the problem of how to enhance the value of men bears an extremely close relation to the building of two civilizations. Therefore to study the Marxist point of view on man's value and clarify the relation between the value of man and the building of the two civilizations bears a major theoretic and practical significance.","PeriodicalId":162534,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Studies in Philosophy","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1984-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122686988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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