Pub Date : 1987-07-01DOI: 10.2753/CSP1097-146718043
Tang Yijie
This essay will not attempt to provide an analysis or a study of the entire history of Indian Buddhism's introduction into China. Instead, we will simply explore the relationship that existed between Buddhism after it was introduced into China in the Wei-Jin-Northern and Southern dynasties period and the intellectual or ideological culture that already existed in China at the time, and from this demonstrate the significance of studying comparative philosophy and comparative religions.
{"title":"The Significance of Comparative Philosophy and Comparative Religion: A View from the Introduction of Indian Buddhism into China","authors":"Tang Yijie","doi":"10.2753/CSP1097-146718043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2753/CSP1097-146718043","url":null,"abstract":"This essay will not attempt to provide an analysis or a study of the entire history of Indian Buddhism's introduction into China. Instead, we will simply explore the relationship that existed between Buddhism after it was introduced into China in the Wei-Jin-Northern and Southern dynasties period and the intellectual or ideological culture that already existed in China at the time, and from this demonstrate the significance of studying comparative philosophy and comparative religions.","PeriodicalId":162534,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Studies in Philosophy","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1987-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124787425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1987-04-01DOI: 10.2753/CSP1097-146718033
Chang Shangshui
Logic is an old science. It had developed rather slowly over a very long period; in the last one hundred years, however, it has made swift progress. That part of logic which developed rapidly in the last one hundred years is usually called modern logic. The principal part of modern logic is mathematical logic. Mathematical logic, according to its properties, is both logic and mathematics. The establishment of mathematical logic is a leap in the history of logic. Its development is essential to the study of modern mathematics. It is one of the foundation theories of computer science. The development of mathematical logic has progressed in three different directions and may be classified into three aspects.
{"title":"The Development of Logic in the Twentieth Century","authors":"Chang Shangshui","doi":"10.2753/CSP1097-146718033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2753/CSP1097-146718033","url":null,"abstract":"Logic is an old science. It had developed rather slowly over a very long period; in the last one hundred years, however, it has made swift progress. That part of logic which developed rapidly in the last one hundred years is usually called modern logic. The principal part of modern logic is mathematical logic. Mathematical logic, according to its properties, is both logic and mathematics. The establishment of mathematical logic is a leap in the history of logic. Its development is essential to the study of modern mathematics. It is one of the foundation theories of computer science. The development of mathematical logic has progressed in three different directions and may be classified into three aspects.","PeriodicalId":162534,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Studies in Philosophy","volume":"302 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1987-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114950612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1987-04-01DOI: 10.2753/CSP1097-1467180310
Fang Zhuangyou
Since the time when Comrade Mao Zedong and the party's Central Committee, summing up the experience and lessons of Chinese and world history, proposed the correct policy of "letting a hundred flowers bloom and a hundred schools contend" as a general guideline for the promotion of a flowering in science and arts, academic circles throughout the country have raised a number of scholarly questions and published different opinions. There have been many healthy and vibrant developments in the academic style of free discussion and debate, reflecting the tremendous effect of this correct policy.
自由讨论和辩论的学术风格有了许多健康而充满活力的发展，反映了这一正确政策的巨大影响。
{"title":"A Preliminary Investigation of the Contending among the Hundred Schools in the Song Dynasty","authors":"Fang Zhuangyou","doi":"10.2753/CSP1097-1467180310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2753/CSP1097-1467180310","url":null,"abstract":"Since the time when Comrade Mao Zedong and the party's Central Committee, summing up the experience and lessons of Chinese and world history, proposed the correct policy of \"letting a hundred flowers bloom and a hundred schools contend\" as a general guideline for the promotion of a flowering in science and arts, academic circles throughout the country have raised a number of scholarly questions and published different opinions. There have been many healthy and vibrant developments in the academic style of free discussion and debate, reflecting the tremendous effect of this correct policy.","PeriodicalId":162534,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Studies in Philosophy","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1987-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125125190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1986-10-01DOI: 10.2753/CSP1097-1467180170
Xiao Jiefu
1. Marxist historical science demands that when observing present reality, one should have a sense of history; when studying history, one should have a sense of reality. To comprehend the present and the imminent reality, one must trace its history. At the same time, the purpose of our clearing up the past is to open up future possibilities. This is the approach that we ought to take toward the reform that is taking place right now.
{"title":"A Historical Recollection of Reform","authors":"Xiao Jiefu","doi":"10.2753/CSP1097-1467180170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2753/CSP1097-1467180170","url":null,"abstract":"1. Marxist historical science demands that when observing present reality, one should have a sense of history; when studying history, one should have a sense of reality. To comprehend the present and the imminent reality, one must trace its history. At the same time, the purpose of our clearing up the past is to open up future possibilities. This is the approach that we ought to take toward the reform that is taking place right now.","PeriodicalId":162534,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Studies in Philosophy","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126884702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1986-10-01DOI: 10.2753/CSP1097-1467180152
Mou Xiaohua
In the history of human knowledge or cognition, the concept of purpose is one that possesses a vital importance, and yet it is also a question that is rather unusual. We almost always use it, whether consciously or unconsciously, and yet, even more often we are loathe to acknowledge it publicly. Someone said once, with tongue in cheek, that "teleology, or the theory of purpose, is a [special] lady; any biologist could not live without her and yet is always ashamed to appear in public with her" (N. I. Ruke-fu [transliteration], Kongzhi lun de zhexue yuanli [Philosophical Principles of the Theory of Control], p. 104). This article hopes to present a preliminary investigation and examination of this problem on the basis of the science of systems, which revolves around three theories—systems theory, control theory, and the theory of information.
在人类知识或认知的历史上，目的的概念是一个至关重要的概念，但它也是一个相当不寻常的问题。我们几乎总是有意识或无意识地使用它，然而，更多的时候，我们不愿意公开承认它。有人曾经开玩笑地说:“目的论，或者说目的论，是一位(特别的)女士;任何生物学家都离不开她，却又羞于带着她出现在公众面前”(N. I. Ruke-fu，《控制理论的哲学原理》，104页)。本文希望在系统论的基础上，围绕系统论、控制论和信息论这三个理论，对这一问题进行初步的调查和考察。
{"title":"On the Purpose Orientation and Character of Systems","authors":"Mou Xiaohua","doi":"10.2753/CSP1097-1467180152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2753/CSP1097-1467180152","url":null,"abstract":"In the history of human knowledge or cognition, the concept of purpose is one that possesses a vital importance, and yet it is also a question that is rather unusual. We almost always use it, whether consciously or unconsciously, and yet, even more often we are loathe to acknowledge it publicly. Someone said once, with tongue in cheek, that \"teleology, or the theory of purpose, is a [special] lady; any biologist could not live without her and yet is always ashamed to appear in public with her\" (N. I. Ruke-fu [transliteration], Kongzhi lun de zhexue yuanli [Philosophical Principles of the Theory of Control], p. 104). This article hopes to present a preliminary investigation and examination of this problem on the basis of the science of systems, which revolves around three theories—systems theory, control theory, and the theory of information.","PeriodicalId":162534,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Studies in Philosophy","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130966418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1986-10-01DOI: 10.2753/CSP1097-1467180128
Lu Guochen
We have encountered, in the realm of contemporary scientific knowledge and comprehension, a whole series of new problems that cut across a multiplicity of fields and disciplines. Such problems include, for example, questions of ecology and energy resources; there are also enterprise-management problems, economic planning problems, as well as problems having to do with mass transit in urban areas. People have carried out many investigations and much research on these problems, and when they have applied their understanding to direct them in their work, they have garnered both experiences of success and lessons of failures. These experiences and lessons have taught us that to understand accurately problems of this type, we must follow the correct principle. The principle of integratedness, or the principle of treating things as a whole, is of the utmost importance to contemporary scientific knowledge and understanding. To propose this principle clearly and to develop it systematically has a tremendous signi...
{"title":"On the Principle of Treating Scientific Understanding as a Whole","authors":"Lu Guochen","doi":"10.2753/CSP1097-1467180128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2753/CSP1097-1467180128","url":null,"abstract":"We have encountered, in the realm of contemporary scientific knowledge and comprehension, a whole series of new problems that cut across a multiplicity of fields and disciplines. Such problems include, for example, questions of ecology and energy resources; there are also enterprise-management problems, economic planning problems, as well as problems having to do with mass transit in urban areas. People have carried out many investigations and much research on these problems, and when they have applied their understanding to direct them in their work, they have garnered both experiences of success and lessons of failures. These experiences and lessons have taught us that to understand accurately problems of this type, we must follow the correct principle. The principle of integratedness, or the principle of treating things as a whole, is of the utmost importance to contemporary scientific knowledge and understanding. To propose this principle clearly and to develop it systematically has a tremendous signi...","PeriodicalId":162534,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Studies in Philosophy","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129569723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1986-07-01DOI: 10.2753/CSP1097-1467170484
Wu Baihui
When we study Indian teachings on logic, we have customarily confined ourselves to the study of its formal logic, i.e., Nyaya (zheng li, or the rectification of reason) and Hetu-vidya (yin ming, or the enlightenment of cause). We have seldom dealt with India's dialectical thought and its mode of logic. In fact, India's dialectical logical thought is even more ancient than its formal logic; it was produced before the emergence of Buddhism in the sixth century B.C. By the time of Buddhism, Indian dialectical thinking had already come to possess a rather complete theory and form, or as Engels put it in the essay "Natural Dialectics," it had already reached a higher stage of development. This relatively highly developed mode of dialectical thought in ancient India was a multilayered or multilevel mode of logic-this is its unique characteristic. In this essay I propose to suggest a few exploratory viewpoints concerning the origin and the major developmental stage-i.e., the Buddhistic phase-of this multilevel I...
{"title":"Dialectical Thought in Ancient India","authors":"Wu Baihui","doi":"10.2753/CSP1097-1467170484","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2753/CSP1097-1467170484","url":null,"abstract":"When we study Indian teachings on logic, we have customarily confined ourselves to the study of its formal logic, i.e., Nyaya (zheng li, or the rectification of reason) and Hetu-vidya (yin ming, or the enlightenment of cause). We have seldom dealt with India's dialectical thought and its mode of logic. In fact, India's dialectical logical thought is even more ancient than its formal logic; it was produced before the emergence of Buddhism in the sixth century B.C. By the time of Buddhism, Indian dialectical thinking had already come to possess a rather complete theory and form, or as Engels put it in the essay \"Natural Dialectics,\" it had already reached a higher stage of development. This relatively highly developed mode of dialectical thought in ancient India was a multilayered or multilevel mode of logic-this is its unique characteristic. In this essay I propose to suggest a few exploratory viewpoints concerning the origin and the major developmental stage-i.e., the Buddhistic phase-of this multilevel I...","PeriodicalId":162534,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Studies in Philosophy","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127055855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1986-07-01DOI: 10.2753/CSP1097-146717043
Cheng Zhong-ying
The outward and extensionary application and expansion of the wuxing (Five Elements) idea generated many correspondent systems that have the Five Elements as their fundamental criterion, such as the systems (or ideas) of wuse (Five Colors), wuqi (Five Breaths), wuyin (Five Tones), wushi (Five Segments of Time), wufang (Five Directions), and wuwei (Five Tastes). Later this further developed beyond the realm of general natural phenomena and entered into the human physical or physiological realm, as in the case of including and involving physical organs and psychological states, such as the theories about wuzhang (Five Internal Organs), wuti (Five Extremities or Limbs), wuqiao (Five Orifices), wurong (Five Effervescent Manifestations), and wuzhi (Five Wills). These became the foundation categories of Chinese physiology and medicine. What is noteworthy is that these systems, insofar as they are correspondent and relative, are based on the fundamental criterion of the characteristics of the original Five Eleme...
{"title":"The Characteristics of Chinese Philosophical Categories","authors":"Cheng Zhong-ying","doi":"10.2753/CSP1097-146717043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2753/CSP1097-146717043","url":null,"abstract":"The outward and extensionary application and expansion of the wuxing (Five Elements) idea generated many correspondent systems that have the Five Elements as their fundamental criterion, such as the systems (or ideas) of wuse (Five Colors), wuqi (Five Breaths), wuyin (Five Tones), wushi (Five Segments of Time), wufang (Five Directions), and wuwei (Five Tastes). Later this further developed beyond the realm of general natural phenomena and entered into the human physical or physiological realm, as in the case of including and involving physical organs and psychological states, such as the theories about wuzhang (Five Internal Organs), wuti (Five Extremities or Limbs), wuqiao (Five Orifices), wurong (Five Effervescent Manifestations), and wuzhi (Five Wills). These became the foundation categories of Chinese physiology and medicine. What is noteworthy is that these systems, insofar as they are correspondent and relative, are based on the fundamental criterion of the characteristics of the original Five Eleme...","PeriodicalId":162534,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Studies in Philosophy","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131016666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1986-07-01DOI: 10.1007/978-3-662-45533-3_21
Yijie Tang
{"title":"A Study of the Question of China’s Cultural Development","authors":"Yijie Tang","doi":"10.1007/978-3-662-45533-3_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-45533-3_21","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":162534,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Studies in Philosophy","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114650043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1986-07-01DOI: 10.2753/CSP1097-1467170435
Deng Aimin
Wang Shouren affirmed that "the teachings of the sages are nothing but the teaching of mind" (Wang Wencheng gong quanshu: Xiangshan wenji xu [Preface to the Collected Writings of Xiangshan in Complete Works of Wang Wencheng]). He believed that Lu Jiuyuan, in proposing the formulation that the mind equals principle, continued the legacy of the teaching of the mind that had begun in China with the teaching of Yao, Shun, and Yu (the three mythological emperors) and which was exemplified in the saying "The human mind is always in peril; the mind of the natural Way is always hidden; emphasize essentiality, emphasize unity; maintain equinanimously the Middle Internal Path." He thought that this was the correct orthodoxy (zheng tong) passed on by Kong (Confucius), Meng (Mencius), Zhou (Dunyi), and Cheng (Cheng Hao and Cheng Yi). In Mencius's time, Mo Zi advocated reciprocal and mutual compassion (jianai) and benevolence and principledness (ren yi) and asked of people only that in their external actions they atta...
{"title":"Wang Shouren's Idealist Pantheistic World View","authors":"Deng Aimin","doi":"10.2753/CSP1097-1467170435","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2753/CSP1097-1467170435","url":null,"abstract":"Wang Shouren affirmed that \"the teachings of the sages are nothing but the teaching of mind\" (Wang Wencheng gong quanshu: Xiangshan wenji xu [Preface to the Collected Writings of Xiangshan in Complete Works of Wang Wencheng]). He believed that Lu Jiuyuan, in proposing the formulation that the mind equals principle, continued the legacy of the teaching of the mind that had begun in China with the teaching of Yao, Shun, and Yu (the three mythological emperors) and which was exemplified in the saying \"The human mind is always in peril; the mind of the natural Way is always hidden; emphasize essentiality, emphasize unity; maintain equinanimously the Middle Internal Path.\" He thought that this was the correct orthodoxy (zheng tong) passed on by Kong (Confucius), Meng (Mencius), Zhou (Dunyi), and Cheng (Cheng Hao and Cheng Yi). In Mencius's time, Mo Zi advocated reciprocal and mutual compassion (jianai) and benevolence and principledness (ren yi) and asked of people only that in their external actions they atta...","PeriodicalId":162534,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Studies in Philosophy","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116630145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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