Journal of Interpersonal Violence最新文献

The recent reconceptualization of the phenomenon of sexting between consensual and nonconsensual represents a relevant turning point in identifying and addressing nonconsensual sexting behaviors as online sexual violence. These practices of nonconsensual sexting, therefore, represent forms of technology-facilitated sexual violence, incorporating the terms image-based sexual harassment (IBSH) and image-based sexual abuse (IBSA) to describe the distribution of self-produced sexualized images in the online sphere by adolescents, who use the online environment as their main socialization space. The objective of this investigation is dual. First, we analyzed the experiences of adolescents who have been victims and/or aggressors of image-based harassment and/or sexual abuse, and second, we identified the motivations for engaging in IBSH and/or abuse among adolescents. This qualitative study analyzed the results of 19 focus groups with 223 adolescents (107 girls and 116 boys) aged 14 to 18. The main results of our qualitative study show that most adolescent boys perpetuate IBSH behaviors by sending unwanted sexual requests and images, and also carry out behaviors of IBSA such as producing, sending, forwarding, exchanging, and/or disseminating sexual images without the other person's consent. Girls are the main victims. In addition, the results of our study show that male and female adolescents do not identify IBSH and IBSA as a form of sexual cyber violence, and, consequently, as a sexual crime. The adolescent collective considers these practices social, normal, harmless, and amusing. Therefore, sex education programs, from a comprehensive model, are the best co-educational tool to prevent, raise awareness of, and eradicate these behaviors of sexual and gender-based cyber violence in adolescents.

Women who have experienced maltreatment in childhood may be more susceptible to developing a dependent self-image, which can impede their overall well-being and sense of agency. This issue is particularly prevalent among the Salar Muslim women of China, who belong to a national minority and are subject to gender-based oppression within a patriarchal society, with additional challenges within the context of Islamic society. The aims of the current study are twofold: (a) It aims to examine the relationship between patriarchal and religious beliefs and dependent self-image among this often-overlooked population in China-Salar Muslim women. (b) It aims to examine the relationship between childhood maltreatment and the dependent self-image among Salar Muslim women. Two hundred one married Salar Muslim women with a probability proportional to the size sampling approach were recruited in the quantitative survey (M_age = 34.46, SD = 9.58). Multilevel random effects regression models were conducted. The findings indicate that patriarchal beliefs and intrinsic religious motivation were significantly associated with dependent self-image. Moreover, experiences of childhood maltreatment are found to be significantly associated with dependent self-images in this group, even after accounting for contextual factors such as patriarchal beliefs, religious motivations, and other relevant covariates. This study enhances our understanding of how childhood maltreatment impacts the development of a dependent self-image among women, particularly within the complexities of a patriarchal and Islamic cultural setting. We recommend that future research adopts a more nuanced perspective on women's self-image development, considering the interplay of childhood experiences and sociocultural contexts.

Bias-based bullying (i.e., bullying targeting actual or perceived aspects of one's identity) is a form of interpersonal victimization that has adverse consequences for youth functioning. While research has documented foundational knowledge on bias-based bullying, few studies have incorporated a multilevel longitudinal approach to examining theorized risk and protective factors of this complex phenomenon. The current study addresses this gap by investigating predictors (e.g., school climate and state laws) at multiple social-ecological levels and comparing the magnitude of coefficients. Three data sources were used: (a) data from a sample of adolescents (N = 639) participating in a four-wave longitudinal study regarding their experiences with bias-based bullying, (b) external data on enumerated anti-bullying laws, and (c) external data on protected categories in state hate crime statutes. We estimated a series of latent growth curve models to examine trajectories of bias-based bullying victimization over the 18-month study period and added social-ecological predictors (sociodemographic characteristics, peer support, family support, school climate, enumerated anti-bullying laws, and an index of protected categories in state hate crime laws) of bias-based bullying victimization. Key findings documented that sexual minority youth and youth identifying as another racial identity, non-Hispanic had higher initial bias-based bullying victimization scores, with sexual minority youth decreasing at a significantly more rapid rate than heterosexual youth. Peer support, family support, school climate, and enumerated anti-bullying laws were significantly associated with the intercept factor (i.e., initial status) of bias-based bullying victimization. Notably, school climate emerged as an important protective factor in the fully adjusted model, predicting initial bias-based bullying victimization scores. This study provides new information on risk and protective factors and is critical for tailoring prevention and intervention efforts to mitigate this form of victimization. Bolstering support for vulnerable youth and promoting a positive school climate are recommended.

An intrinsic part of hate crime perpetration is to be motivated in part or whole based on biases against another due to their identity. Yet, less is known about how hate crime impacts people who occupy multiple marginalized identities. This analysis moves our understanding forward by employing network analysis to capture how hate crimes and bias-motivated experiences cluster among different victim demographics. We focus here on Latino/a populations in the United States, which are at increased risk for hate crime victimization. Using a sample of Latino/a adults across three U.S. communities (n = 910), we assess the links between bias-motivated experiences based on multiple key demographic intersections. Results demonstrate that gender, immigrant status, and economic status distinctly impact how bias-motivated experiences cluster and relate, particularly when examined together. Findings suggest that it is imperative to look at people's victimization experiences holistically, especially when they hold multiple identities that fundamentally change their experiences with bias-motivated harm. These findings have implications for practitioners, particularly those in the criminal justice system, who seek to better identify and respond to victims of hate crime.

Positive childhood experiences (PCEs) are known to support healthy development. However, their protective role in the presence of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) remains unclear, particularly when accounting for the complex nature of ACEs. Research on this relationship outside the United States is especially limited, restricting the generalizability of findings across cultural contexts. This study examined whether PCEs moderate the relationship between distinct ACE subtypes and mental health outcomes, specifically life satisfaction, depression, and anxiety, among South Korean college students. A sample of 408 South Korean college students participated in the study. Latent class analysis was employed to identify distinct ACE profiles, followed by moderation analysis to examine the buffering effects of PCEs on the relationship between ACE class membership and mental health outcomes. Four distinct ACE profiles were identified: Emotional Neglect, High ACEs, Psychological Maltreatment and Home Violence, and Low ACEs. PCEs were consistently linked to better mental health after controlling for ACEs types. However, the protective effects of PCEs differed by ACE profile and were weaker among individuals with more severe or frequent exposure to adversity. While PCEs contribute directly to improved mental health outcomes, their buffering effects in the context of severe ACE exposure appear limited. These findings highlight the dual importance of fostering PCEs and preventing ACEs through timely and targeted interventions.

Young people around the world are increasingly impacted by technology-facilitated harms, yet research shows that teens often do not seek help from adults in their lives to deal with these harms. This article draws data from 25 focus groups with 146 young Canadians (aged 13-18) as they explain why they are reluctant to seek adult help when experiencing technology-facilitated harms. Young Canadians consistently said that adults speak to them in ways that are judgmental, emotionally reactive, and disempowering. To make them more likely to seek help from adults, young people want adults to avoid scare tactic approaches, listen to their perspectives and needs in the aftermath of harm, provide non-judgmental supports, and give them space to openly discuss all the "weird stuff" that they might encounter in digital spaces. These findings underscore the need for adult interventions in young people's digital lives to shift from fear-driven, judgmental approaches toward balanced, non-judgmental, and youth-centered responses that empower young people's agency-an imperative for fostering trust, encouraging help-seeking, and developing more effective support systems-and offer critical guidance for educators, community workers, legislators, and policy makers seeking to build useful and responsive structures for youth dealing with technology-facilitated harms.

Gender-based violence (GBV) is increasingly recognized as a critical threat to adolescent well-being; however, its specific impact on bullying perpetration and the mechanisms underlying this association remain insufficiently understood. To address this gap, the present cross-sectional study examines how school-based GBV is associated with bullying perpetration, focusing on the indirect pathways through social and emotional competence and the moderating effect of national-level masculinity-femininity cultural values. Drawing on cross-national data from 32,111 adolescents across 13 countries, and employing multilevel modeling with mediation and moderation analyses, the study yields three key findings: (a) school-based GBV is positively associated with higher levels of bullying perpetration; (b) this relationship is significantly mediated by reductions in adolescents' social and emotional competence; and (c) the effect of GBV on bullying perpetration is stronger in high-masculinity cultural contexts than in low-masculinity cultural contexts. These findings offer a more comprehensive understanding of how individual psychosocial factors and cultural gender norms jointly shape adolescent aggression and offer practical implications for implementing school-based anti-GBV policies and social-emotional learning programs to reduce bullying behaviors.

Intimate partner violence (IPV) remains a critical public health issue, with immigrant women identified as being at heightened risk for severe and near-lethal IPV. This cross-sectional study examined the prevalence of physical, sexual, and psychological IPV among immigrant women in the United States. Further, using the socio-ecological model, it explored the correlates of frequent and severe physical and sexual IPV, near-lethal IPV, and IPV-related injuries at the individual, relationship, and societal/cultural levels. Data were collected from 1,265 immigrant women survivors of IPV from diverse regions in the United States. Results revealed that the majority of women exposed to IPV had a history of childhood victimization (80.5%). Psychological abuse was the most prevalent form of IPV (82.2%), followed by physical (73.0%) and sexual IPV (62.4%). More than half (61.0%) sustained IPV-related injuries, and 21.7% experienced near-lethal IPV. Additionally, multiple individual-level, relationship-level, and societal/cultural-level factors were significantly associated with increased IPV severity, including lifetime cumulative trauma exposures, frequent financial stress, Posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, the presence of more children in the family, adherence to traditional gender norms, and everyday discrimination and immigration-related stress. These findings highlight the role of structural and cultural forces that shape IPV risk among immigrant families and emphasize the need for culturally informed prevention and intervention strategies.