Journal of Interpersonal Violence最新文献

Strangulation involves the application of force to the neck to restrict blood flow or breathing. It is often utilized in both homicides and non-fatal incidences of coercive control, interpersonal altercations, and sexual assaults. The intention of this study was to provide a comprehensive understanding of interpersonal fatal strangulation in Australian adults through the documentation and analysis of characteristics and circumstances involved in these fatalities. Currently, there is limited research within this field in Australia leading to a medico-legal knowledge deficit that needs to be rectified to ensure public health intervention and preventative death policies and initiatives. Researchers conducted a retrospective review of all closed interpersonal strangulation coronial cases within Australia between 2000 and 2021 using the National Coronial Information System online repository. Researchers identified 195 cases to be included in the study. Strangulation currently accounts for 1.1% to 5.8% of all assault fatalities in Australia per year. Most victims of strangulation are women (68.2%), under the age of 45 (52.3%), and Anglo-European (73.3%). Most individuals are killed by someone they know (89.2%), often in the context of intimate partner violence (52.3%). The leading cause of death within the sample is directly related to the strangulation (90.8%), and the leading manner of death is homicide (94.4%). The study is the first of its kind to utilize descriptive forensic epidemiology to explain the circumstances and characteristics of fatal interpersonal strangulation in Australia providing an Australia-specific medico-legal voice to aid in future research, policy development, and criminal prosecution. The findings within this study are foreseen to contribute to improvements in public health policy surrounding fatal and non-fatal strangulation and assist future medico-legal death investigations, and provide LGBTQ+ and Indigenous Australian representation, which has not been considered in previous studies.

There are substantial mental health consequences for male child sexual abuse (MCSA) victims. Survivors may exhibit sexually offensive actions because of this trauma. In other words, the abused becomes an abuser. In Bangladesh, MCSA is an invisible social problem. This study aimed to assess sexually offensive behaviors among victims of MCSA and to determine the associated factors. A total of 540 victims participated in an online survey as part of a cross-sectional study. Data were collected on victimization, suicidal ideation, history of offense, and sociodemographic factors. Pearson chi-square test and a binary logistic regression were employed to assess significant factors. Results revealed that 63.2% of participants reported engaging in sexually offensive behavior. Those living in villages, unmarried, experienced repetitive sexual abuse, under 13 years old at the time of abuse, experienced physical abuse concurrently, being penetrated during abuse, not disclosing the abuse, not receiving psychological assistance, having significant sexual involvement with men, and experiencing suicidal ideation were more likely to exhibit sexually offensive behaviors. The study underscores the importance of policymakers implementing relevant policies to safeguard boys. In addition, it emphasizes the need for victims to disclose instances of sexual abuse and actively seek psychological intervention.

A criminological fact is that there is an overlap between victims and offenders. Yet within this line of research less is known about the impact of specific types of victimization and how this relationship varies by gender and levels of low self-control (LSC). Employing a gendered perspective, this study expands the understanding of the victim-offender overlap by highlighting how the experiences of victimization and offending differ between men and women and by LSC. Negative binomial regressions using longitudinal data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health) indicate that there are gender differences in the effects of childhood caregiver abuse on self-reported offending over time. Cumulative violent victimization predicts increased offending for both men and women and is the strongest predictor overall. Low self-control moderates these relationships at Wave III, with significant interactions indicating that higher self-control weakens the impact of cumulative victimization on offending behaviors. Notably, these moderating effects diminish by Wave IV, suggesting developmental changes or reduced relevance of earlier victimization over time. This observed interaction varies in intensity by gender. By integrating gender and victimization type, this research contributes to a more thorough understanding of heterogeneity in the victim-offender overlap, emphasizing the importance of considering both gender-specific and general factors in addressing the effects of interpersonal violence. Future research should expand the field's understanding of the role of diversity in the victim-offender overlap by examining nonbinary gender identities and different sexual orientations as these are known factors that impact both the likelihood of victimization and offending.

In 2017, the #MeToo movement garnered international attention when millions of people used the hashtag to share personal experiences of sexual violence. The present study examines how noncelebrity users discussed their experiences of sexual victimization through a qualitative and quantitative content analysis of a random sample of #MeToo tweets (N = 1,427). We found that survivors prioritized details about the "who," "what," "where," "when," "why," and "how" of trauma in their disclosures. Key themes in their responses included child sexual abuse (22.7%), long-term adverse effects (17.6%), and polyvictimization (10.4%) across the life course. Survivors also utilized #MeToo to highlight the prevalence of violence against women (26.4%) and offer critiques of rape culture and social structures (23.9%) as indirect causes of their victimization and subsequent negative experiences. Our analysis demonstrates the utility of Twitter for broadening current understandings of the context in which sexual violence occurs, while also offering a nuanced analysis of the persisting difficulties many survivors face in narrating personal experiences of violence.

Youth with mental health and neurodevelopmental conditions may be at increased risk for interpersonal violence victimization and perpetration as compared to counterparts without these conditions. To investigate this possibility, we conducted an analysis using U.S. nationally representative data collected from youth ages 11 to 21 years old (N = 846). We calculated the prevalence of any dating abuse victimization or perpetration, as well as four specific subtypes of dating abuse-physical, sexual, psychological, and cyber dating abuse-for youth with eight types of mental health and neurodevelopmental disorders (i.e., anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder [PTSD], oppositional defiant or other conduct disorder, bipolar disorder [BD], attention deficit disorder/attention deficit hyperactivity disorder [ADHD], autism, or learning disability). Nearly one-half (43%) of the sample reported that they had one or more of the eight mental health or neurodevelopmental conditions (n = 337), 75% of those reported experiencing at least one act of dating abuse victimization in the past year, and 62% reported one or more acts of dating abuse perpetration. Ordinal regression model analyses demonstrated that youth with mental health and neurodevelopmental conditions had substantially elevated odds of more frequent physical, sexual, psychological, and cyber dating abuse victimization (adjusted odds ratios ranged from 1.2 to 7.4) and dating abuse perpetration (adjusted odds ratios ranged from 1.0 to 6.9) controlling for gender, sexual orientation, race, ethnicity, age, and household income. Compared to youth with no mental health or neurodevelopmental conditions, youth with BD were particularly likely to report more frequent experiences of all types of dating abuse victimization. Also, sexual dating abuse perpetration was elevated among youth with anxiety, depression, PTSD, BD, and ADHD. Funders are called upon to invest strategically in the development and rigorous testing of healthy relationships promotion programs and strategies that will benefit the millions of youth in U.S. schools who have these conditions.

Black women experience the highest mortality and morbidity resulting from intimate partner violence (IPV) victimization, yet there remains a dearth of culturally responsive interventions designed to meet their needs within the coordinated community response system. We employed the Theory of Help-Seeking Behavior to explicate the barriers that Black women experience when securing assistance from providers within the IPV service provision system, inclusive of the criminal legal, child protective service, shelter, healthcare, and mental healthcare systems. In-depth individual interviews were conducted with 30 people who self-identified as Black women who were help-seeking within the IPV service provision system at the time of data collection. Data was analyzed via the matrix system and organized based on pathway-specific domains. Findings explicate substantive gaps within the existing system of care. Fundamental to improving Black women's IPV-related outcomes is improving the system to ensure it is designed to fully support them. Importantly, this is the first study to examine Black survivors' experiences throughout the continuum of the IPV service provision system.

This study delves into the intricate association between women's empowerment and physical intimate partner violence (PIPV) in Afghanistan. In this country, nearly half of all women have experienced PIPV at some point in their lifetime. Utilizing data from the Afghanistan Demographic and Health Survey 2015, a nationally representative survey of women and men aged 15 to 49 years, this study employs multiple logistic regression analysis to elucidate the association between women's empowerment and PIPV prevalence. The findings reveal a compelling association between women's empowerment and lower PIPV risk. Women with higher levels of education and income, considered empowered individuals, exhibit a lower likelihood of experiencing PIPV. In addition, rural women face a heightened risk of PIPV compared to their urban counterparts. In contrast, women residing in the poorest quintile are twice as likely to endure PIPV compared to those in the wealthiest quintile. Notably, the husband's educational attainment also bears a significant inverse relationship with IPV occurrence. These findings underscore the transformative potential of education and economic empowerment in safeguarding Afghan women from PIPV. The implications of this study extend to policymakers, particularly the international community and the United Nations, who are actively engaged in PIPV reduction efforts in Afghanistan. Investing in the educational empowerment of Afghan women holds immense promise in alleviating the scourge of PIPV.

A negative association between gender equality and intimate partner violence against women (IPVAW) is widely reported in the literature. But does this effect extend to when attitudes towards both gender equality and IPVAW, rather than their actual levels or occurrence, are being studied? Are people less likely to justify IPVAW when they support gender-equal opportunities? Also, does ethnicity moderate this relationship? This study addresses these questions using nationally representative Nigerian samples from the World Values Survey (n = 1,106). Bivariate analyses using ANOVA and Chi-square tests, and multivariate analysis using logistic regression, were performed to test relationships. Accounting for covariates, the findings only marginally supported the hypothesised negative effect of gender equality support on IPVAW justification (average marginal effect [AME] = -0.12, p = .058), partly because ethnicity moderates this effect. The probability of justifying IPVAW significantly reduced with increasing support for gender equality among the Yoruba (AME = -0.43, p < .001) and ethnic minority groups (AME = -0.45, p < .001), but not among the Igbo or Hausa/Fulani. When examined by gender, the negative relationship was significant only for women (AME = -0.22, p < .05); strengthened when the woman is Yoruba (AME = -0.62, p < .001) or ethnic minority (AME = -0.70, p < .001), and weakened when the woman is Igbo (AME = 0.38, p < .05). These results highlight the importance of considering culture as affecting the relationship between support for gender equality and IPVAW justification in Nigeria for targeted interventions in changing attitudes supporting IPVAW.

Gender-based violence (GBV) against older women represents a critical public health problem and human rights violation. Older women experience unique vulnerabilities and invisibility regarding GBV, with severe health consequences. The aim was to examine the rates and health impacts of GBV among Spanish women aged ≥65 years and analyze its effect on health and suicidal behavior. A descriptive study analyzed data collected in 2019 from a nationwide macro-survey conducted in Spain, which included 9,568 women aged 16 years and older. A total of 2,357 older women, aged 74.2 ± 6.9 years, were selected. Sociodemographic variables were collected, as was lifetime GBV exposure by perpetrator type (intimate partner violence [IPV], non-partner, combined, and any interpersonal) and form (e.g., physical, psychological, economic, sexual, etc.), along with health outcomes (self-rated health and psychological distress) and suicidal behavior. Among participants, 23.4% reported lifetime IPV (psychological: 14.1%; physical: 6.1%; economic: 8.7%; sexual: 6.1%; controlling behaviors: 17.1%), while 9.3% experienced non-partner violence (family perpetrators: 2.9%; strangers: 2.9%). Overall, 29.0% reported any interpersonal violence exposure. IPV was significantly associated with poorer self-rated health (adjusted odds ratios, aOR = 1.64; 95% CI [1.34, 2.01]), higher psychological distress (aOR = 1.80; [1.45, 2.23]), and increased suicidal ideation (aOR = 3.89; [2.80, 5.40]). Non-partner violence showed associations with suicidal ideation (aOR = 2.44; [1.60, 3.72]). These findings show substantial GBV rates among older women and their significant health impacts, highlighting the need for age-specific screening and intervention strategies in geriatric care settings.