The role of witnesses is central to understanding and preventing cyberbullying, yet tools for measuring their attitudes and intentions remain limited. This study aimed to: (1) validate the Attitudes toward Witnesses' Actions questionnaire, (2) validate a new instrument designed to measure the Behavioral Intentions of Cyberbullying Witnesses (BICW), and (3) examine whether witnesses' cyberbullying intentions mediate the relationship between their attitudes and cyberbullying perpetration. A total of 1,156 adolescents (Mage = 14.39, SD = 1.65; girls = 54.30%) participated in this longitudinal study by completing self-report questionnaires across three waves. Both exploratory and confirmatory analyses were conducted to evaluate the structure of the instruments. Exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM) and bifactor analyses were applied to the Attitudes toward Witnesses' Actions questionnaire, while path analysis was used to examine the mediating role of intentions in the relationship between attitudes and cyberbullying perpetration. The findings supported a bifactor ESEM model for the Attitudes toward Witnesses' Actions questionnaire, identifying a total score and five different factors. For the BICW questionnaire, factor analysis supported a unidimensional structure. Both instruments demonstrated adequate psychometric properties. Although witnesses' attitudes, intentions, and perpetration were correlated, cyberbullying intentions did not mediate the relationship between attitudes and cyberbullying perpetration. This study provides validated tools for assessing witnesses' attitudes and intentions in cyberbullying contexts, offering critical insights for clinical practice. These tools can facilitate the promotion of provictim behaviors and inform the development of interventions targeting attitudinal changes to prevent cyberbullying.
{"title":"Validation of Attitudes and Behavioral Intentions of Cyberbullying Witnesses Questionnaire: Exploring Mechanisms of Intention in the Relationship Between Attitudes and Perpetration.","authors":"Maite Larrucea-Iruretagoyena,Ainara Echezarraga,Izaskun Orue,Naiara Gorostiaga-Marcos,Naiara Alvarez-Garcia,Esther Calvete","doi":"10.1177/08862605261426589","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08862605261426589","url":null,"abstract":"The role of witnesses is central to understanding and preventing cyberbullying, yet tools for measuring their attitudes and intentions remain limited. This study aimed to: (1) validate the Attitudes toward Witnesses' Actions questionnaire, (2) validate a new instrument designed to measure the Behavioral Intentions of Cyberbullying Witnesses (BICW), and (3) examine whether witnesses' cyberbullying intentions mediate the relationship between their attitudes and cyberbullying perpetration. A total of 1,156 adolescents (Mage = 14.39, SD = 1.65; girls = 54.30%) participated in this longitudinal study by completing self-report questionnaires across three waves. Both exploratory and confirmatory analyses were conducted to evaluate the structure of the instruments. Exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM) and bifactor analyses were applied to the Attitudes toward Witnesses' Actions questionnaire, while path analysis was used to examine the mediating role of intentions in the relationship between attitudes and cyberbullying perpetration. The findings supported a bifactor ESEM model for the Attitudes toward Witnesses' Actions questionnaire, identifying a total score and five different factors. For the BICW questionnaire, factor analysis supported a unidimensional structure. Both instruments demonstrated adequate psychometric properties. Although witnesses' attitudes, intentions, and perpetration were correlated, cyberbullying intentions did not mediate the relationship between attitudes and cyberbullying perpetration. This study provides validated tools for assessing witnesses' attitudes and intentions in cyberbullying contexts, offering critical insights for clinical practice. These tools can facilitate the promotion of provictim behaviors and inform the development of interventions targeting attitudinal changes to prevent cyberbullying.","PeriodicalId":16289,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Interpersonal Violence","volume":"16 1","pages":"8862605261426589"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147502202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Based on the theory of informal social control, this study examined the pathways through which parent-child attachment and peer relationships influence delinquency propensity among 845 junior high school students, employing latent profile analysis and a moderated mediation model. The results revealed that: (a) Perceived social adversity partially mediated the relationship between parent-child attachment and adolescent delinquency propensity; (b) Adolescent peer relationships were classified into three distinct profiles: high intimacy-high conflict group (32%), moderate intimacy-moderate conflict group (53%), and low intimacy-low conflict group (15%); (c) Significant interaction effect between parent-child attachment and peer relationship profiles was found in predicting perceived social adversity, with different patterns observed-specifically, for adolescents in the high intimacy-high conflict and moderate intimacy-moderate conflict groups, strong parent-child attachment more effectively reduced perceived social adversity (enhancing pattern), whereas for those in the low intimacy-low conflict group, parent-child attachment and peer relationships operated independently. Regarding delinquency propensity, parent-child attachment and peer relationships operated through independent mechanisms. These findings provide important empirical evidence for understanding and intervening in adolescent delinquency propensity from a relational perspective.
{"title":"The Interactive Effects of Parent-Child Attachment and Peer Relationships on Adolescent Criminal Propensity: A Latent Profile Analysis.","authors":"Linran Zhang,Jingxuan Shi,Minglu Sun,Tingshu Du,Hongxiang Zhang","doi":"10.1177/08862605261425631","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08862605261425631","url":null,"abstract":"Based on the theory of informal social control, this study examined the pathways through which parent-child attachment and peer relationships influence delinquency propensity among 845 junior high school students, employing latent profile analysis and a moderated mediation model. The results revealed that: (a) Perceived social adversity partially mediated the relationship between parent-child attachment and adolescent delinquency propensity; (b) Adolescent peer relationships were classified into three distinct profiles: high intimacy-high conflict group (32%), moderate intimacy-moderate conflict group (53%), and low intimacy-low conflict group (15%); (c) Significant interaction effect between parent-child attachment and peer relationship profiles was found in predicting perceived social adversity, with different patterns observed-specifically, for adolescents in the high intimacy-high conflict and moderate intimacy-moderate conflict groups, strong parent-child attachment more effectively reduced perceived social adversity (enhancing pattern), whereas for those in the low intimacy-low conflict group, parent-child attachment and peer relationships operated independently. Regarding delinquency propensity, parent-child attachment and peer relationships operated through independent mechanisms. These findings provide important empirical evidence for understanding and intervening in adolescent delinquency propensity from a relational perspective.","PeriodicalId":16289,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Interpersonal Violence","volume":"19 1","pages":"8862605261425631"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147502200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-23DOI: 10.1177/08862605261425630
Marta Badenes-Sastre,Francisca Expósito
Intimate partner violence against women (IPVAW) is a global health and social issue, often occurring in front of bystanders-highlighting the need to encourage their active intervention. This study examined the likelihood of taking action in psychological IPVAW, considering whether bystanders were alone or with others, and how perceived severity and social responsibility influence their response. It also explored factors that encourage or hinder response through qualitative analysis. A total of 201 participants completed an online survey measuring perceived severity, sense of responsibility, likelihood of taking action, and reasons for (not) intervening in a psychological IPVAW scenario. Of these, 101 were randomly assigned to the "multiple bystanders" condition and 99 to the "sole bystander" condition. Perceived severity predicted active intervention only when participants were sole bystanders. The presence of others did not moderate the relationship between self-responsibility and intervention, although a direct link between responsibility and intervention was found. Key motivations for intervening included recognizing violence, perceiving escalation, and feeling social responsibility, while concerns about personal safety discouraged action. These findings underscore the importance of fostering personal responsibility and ensuring bystander safety to effectively promote intervention in psychological IPVAW.
{"title":"Why Some Speak Up: Exploring Bystander Action in Psychological Gender-Based Violence.","authors":"Marta Badenes-Sastre,Francisca Expósito","doi":"10.1177/08862605261425630","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08862605261425630","url":null,"abstract":"Intimate partner violence against women (IPVAW) is a global health and social issue, often occurring in front of bystanders-highlighting the need to encourage their active intervention. This study examined the likelihood of taking action in psychological IPVAW, considering whether bystanders were alone or with others, and how perceived severity and social responsibility influence their response. It also explored factors that encourage or hinder response through qualitative analysis. A total of 201 participants completed an online survey measuring perceived severity, sense of responsibility, likelihood of taking action, and reasons for (not) intervening in a psychological IPVAW scenario. Of these, 101 were randomly assigned to the \"multiple bystanders\" condition and 99 to the \"sole bystander\" condition. Perceived severity predicted active intervention only when participants were sole bystanders. The presence of others did not moderate the relationship between self-responsibility and intervention, although a direct link between responsibility and intervention was found. Key motivations for intervening included recognizing violence, perceiving escalation, and feeling social responsibility, while concerns about personal safety discouraged action. These findings underscore the importance of fostering personal responsibility and ensuring bystander safety to effectively promote intervention in psychological IPVAW.","PeriodicalId":16289,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Interpersonal Violence","volume":"8 1","pages":"8862605261425630"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147502204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-19DOI: 10.1177/08862605261426592
Joonbeom Kim,Sumin Son
This study applied network analysis to examine the internal structure of Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) and to develop a network-derived structural framework for prevention and intervention. Using nationally representative data (N = 4,008), we estimated the sex-stratified networks of the 13 ACE domains. Results revealed clustered structures and bridging mechanisms that linked distinct ACE domains. Emotional abuse and witnessing domestic violence consistently emerged as sex-invariant anchors with high centrality and bridging influence. In addition, we identified sex-differentiated cascade pathways, which we term "abuse-driven cascading victimization" in men and "neglect-driven cascading victimization" in women, as well as a shared "psychosocial risk environment" community that reflected common vulnerabilities across sexes. Building on these findings, we developed a structural framework of the ACE model comprising three strata: Public Awareness, Implicit Awareness, and the Social Unconscious, capturing gradients of visibility and clinical detectability. Refined through expert consultation, the model underscores how covert adversities function as gateways to broader ACE networks and clarifies leverage points for screening, targeted prevention, and multisystem coordination. By integrating network metrics with a structural framework, this approach advances beyond cumulative scores or latent class models, and offers an actionable framework for early detection, differentiated intervention, and policy innovation in child maltreatment prevention.
{"title":"Mapping the Structures of Adverse Childhood Experiences: A Network Analysis and a Sex-Differentiated Structural Framework for Prevention and Intervention.","authors":"Joonbeom Kim,Sumin Son","doi":"10.1177/08862605261426592","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08862605261426592","url":null,"abstract":"This study applied network analysis to examine the internal structure of Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) and to develop a network-derived structural framework for prevention and intervention. Using nationally representative data (N = 4,008), we estimated the sex-stratified networks of the 13 ACE domains. Results revealed clustered structures and bridging mechanisms that linked distinct ACE domains. Emotional abuse and witnessing domestic violence consistently emerged as sex-invariant anchors with high centrality and bridging influence. In addition, we identified sex-differentiated cascade pathways, which we term \"abuse-driven cascading victimization\" in men and \"neglect-driven cascading victimization\" in women, as well as a shared \"psychosocial risk environment\" community that reflected common vulnerabilities across sexes. Building on these findings, we developed a structural framework of the ACE model comprising three strata: Public Awareness, Implicit Awareness, and the Social Unconscious, capturing gradients of visibility and clinical detectability. Refined through expert consultation, the model underscores how covert adversities function as gateways to broader ACE networks and clarifies leverage points for screening, targeted prevention, and multisystem coordination. By integrating network metrics with a structural framework, this approach advances beyond cumulative scores or latent class models, and offers an actionable framework for early detection, differentiated intervention, and policy innovation in child maltreatment prevention.","PeriodicalId":16289,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Interpersonal Violence","volume":"197 1","pages":"8862605261426592"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147483749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-15DOI: 10.1177/08862605261426330
Sungsub Choo,Glenn J Wagner,Dan Siconolfi,Erik D Storholm
Sexual minority men (SMM)'s experiences of intimate partner violence (IPV) are a unique and understudied area of study, especially with regard to financial dependence. We explored how power imbalances within couples are associated with IPV victimization and perpetration among SMM, specifically with regard to relationship power dynamics in daily decision-making in couples and financial dependence. Of 423 participants, 33.8% reported experiencing IPV victimization (repeated:21.0%) and 24.3% reported perpetrating IPV (repeated:14.9%). Repeated IPV perpetration was more prevalent among participants who held more power in daily decision-making, while those with partners with greater power were more likely to experience IPV victimization at least once. On the other hand, any type of financial dependence, whether one-way or mutual, was associated with higher likelihood of both IPV victimization and perpetration, challenging assumptions that only dependence on a partner is associated with IPV victimization. These results highlight the critical role of relationship power dynamics and financial dependence in shaping IPV risk among SMM. Our findings underscore the need for more nuanced approaches to understanding economic dynamics in SMM relationships and for public health and clinical strategies that address the complex intersections of power dynamics, financial dependence and IPV.
{"title":"Relationship Power Dynamics and Financial Dependence Among Sexual Minority Men in Relationships: Associations With Intimate Partner Violence.","authors":"Sungsub Choo,Glenn J Wagner,Dan Siconolfi,Erik D Storholm","doi":"10.1177/08862605261426330","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08862605261426330","url":null,"abstract":"Sexual minority men (SMM)'s experiences of intimate partner violence (IPV) are a unique and understudied area of study, especially with regard to financial dependence. We explored how power imbalances within couples are associated with IPV victimization and perpetration among SMM, specifically with regard to relationship power dynamics in daily decision-making in couples and financial dependence. Of 423 participants, 33.8% reported experiencing IPV victimization (repeated:21.0%) and 24.3% reported perpetrating IPV (repeated:14.9%). Repeated IPV perpetration was more prevalent among participants who held more power in daily decision-making, while those with partners with greater power were more likely to experience IPV victimization at least once. On the other hand, any type of financial dependence, whether one-way or mutual, was associated with higher likelihood of both IPV victimization and perpetration, challenging assumptions that only dependence on a partner is associated with IPV victimization. These results highlight the critical role of relationship power dynamics and financial dependence in shaping IPV risk among SMM. Our findings underscore the need for more nuanced approaches to understanding economic dynamics in SMM relationships and for public health and clinical strategies that address the complex intersections of power dynamics, financial dependence and IPV.","PeriodicalId":16289,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Interpersonal Violence","volume":"10 1","pages":"8862605261426330"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147461621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-15DOI: 10.1177/08862605261426586
Muhammet Can Dogru,Hilal Oksuz,Ramazan Mert Oge,Seydi Ahmet Satici
Childhood trauma is a significant precursor to long-term psychological distress and a well-established risk factor for interpersonal violence and revictimization across the lifespan. Despite its well-established impact, there are no longitudinal studies that examine the relationships between childhood trauma, psychological adjustment, and self-critical rumination in a Turkish sample. This study aimed to fill this gap by examining these relationships in 244 adults (Female = 194, Male = 50) over two waves, 3 months apart. The Adverse Childhood Experiences Scale, Brief Psychological Adjustment Scale, and Self-Critical Rumination Scale were used for data collection. In this study, a cross-lagged panel model with a half-longitudinal design is used. Results indicated that psychological adjustment fully mediated the relationship between childhood trauma and self-critical rumination. The model fit indices were within acceptable limits (χ2 [8, N = 244] = 26.93, χ2/df = 3.36, p < .001; GFI = 0.97; NFI = 0.93; IFI = 0.95; CFI = 0.95; SRMR = 0.069). This finding highlights that childhood trauma continues to affect individuals into adulthood, specifically by undermining their psychological adjustment, which in turn predicts higher levels of self-critical rumination. The observed mediation model suggests a critical psychological pathway: These intrapersonal processes (poor adjustment and self-criticism) are significant, yet often overlooked, mechanisms that increase vulnerability to both perpetrating and experiencing interpersonal conflict and violence. In conclusion, this model suggests that improving psychological adjustment and reducing self-critical rumination in violence-prone individuals is a critical area of intervention for the prevention of interpersonal violence and negative relationship behaviors.
{"title":"Childhood Trauma, Psychological Adjustment, and Self-Critical Rumination: Examining Longitudinal Mediation.","authors":"Muhammet Can Dogru,Hilal Oksuz,Ramazan Mert Oge,Seydi Ahmet Satici","doi":"10.1177/08862605261426586","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08862605261426586","url":null,"abstract":"Childhood trauma is a significant precursor to long-term psychological distress and a well-established risk factor for interpersonal violence and revictimization across the lifespan. Despite its well-established impact, there are no longitudinal studies that examine the relationships between childhood trauma, psychological adjustment, and self-critical rumination in a Turkish sample. This study aimed to fill this gap by examining these relationships in 244 adults (Female = 194, Male = 50) over two waves, 3 months apart. The Adverse Childhood Experiences Scale, Brief Psychological Adjustment Scale, and Self-Critical Rumination Scale were used for data collection. In this study, a cross-lagged panel model with a half-longitudinal design is used. Results indicated that psychological adjustment fully mediated the relationship between childhood trauma and self-critical rumination. The model fit indices were within acceptable limits (χ2 [8, N = 244] = 26.93, χ2/df = 3.36, p < .001; GFI = 0.97; NFI = 0.93; IFI = 0.95; CFI = 0.95; SRMR = 0.069). This finding highlights that childhood trauma continues to affect individuals into adulthood, specifically by undermining their psychological adjustment, which in turn predicts higher levels of self-critical rumination. The observed mediation model suggests a critical psychological pathway: These intrapersonal processes (poor adjustment and self-criticism) are significant, yet often overlooked, mechanisms that increase vulnerability to both perpetrating and experiencing interpersonal conflict and violence. In conclusion, this model suggests that improving psychological adjustment and reducing self-critical rumination in violence-prone individuals is a critical area of intervention for the prevention of interpersonal violence and negative relationship behaviors.","PeriodicalId":16289,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Interpersonal Violence","volume":"51 1","pages":"8862605261426586"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147461620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-15DOI: 10.1177/08862605261419459
Alexis Sheffield,Elizabeth Yeater
Bisexual women are twice as likely to report sexual assault (SA) as heterosexual women (Seabrook et al., 2018). Research is needed to examine whether men's perceptions of bisexual women's sexual interest and behavior differ relative to perceptions of heterosexual women, as such perceptions are relevant to the decision-making processes of sexually aggressive men. This study examined whether constructs used in sexual aggression models were associated with greater perceived sexual availability and justifications for SA of a bisexual woman relative to a heterosexual woman. Participants were heterosexual undergraduate men (n = 118) who read a hypothetical vignette in which the sexual orientation of the woman described was manipulated (i.e., bisexual or heterosexual) and rated items that assessed justification for sexual aggression and judgments of the woman's behavior (e.g., her sexual interest, her resistance to sexual advances, her behavior as inappropriate or unladylike, her promiscuity). Hierarchical linear regressions were used for the analyses. Sexual dominance was associated positively with men's justifications for sexual aggression. As impersonal sex increased, negative blindness (e.g., a hypothesized deficit in accurate perception of women's negative behavioral cues) increased in the bisexual condition only. Rape myth acceptance (RMA) was associated with greater negative blindness in both conditions, with a steeper slope in the bisexual condition. Additionally, RMA was associated with greater sexual availability in both conditions, with a steeper slope in the bisexual condition. Hostility toward women was also associated with greater judgments of sexual availability in both conditions, with similar slopes across conditions. These findings suggest that particular traits associated with sexual aggression may predispose men to misperceive cues of bisexual women's sexual disinterest and judge bisexual women as more sexually available relative to heterosexual women.
{"title":"College Men's Propensity for Sexual Aggression and Perceived Justifications for Sexual Aggression Toward a Heterosexual or Bisexual College Woman.","authors":"Alexis Sheffield,Elizabeth Yeater","doi":"10.1177/08862605261419459","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08862605261419459","url":null,"abstract":"Bisexual women are twice as likely to report sexual assault (SA) as heterosexual women (Seabrook et al., 2018). Research is needed to examine whether men's perceptions of bisexual women's sexual interest and behavior differ relative to perceptions of heterosexual women, as such perceptions are relevant to the decision-making processes of sexually aggressive men. This study examined whether constructs used in sexual aggression models were associated with greater perceived sexual availability and justifications for SA of a bisexual woman relative to a heterosexual woman. Participants were heterosexual undergraduate men (n = 118) who read a hypothetical vignette in which the sexual orientation of the woman described was manipulated (i.e., bisexual or heterosexual) and rated items that assessed justification for sexual aggression and judgments of the woman's behavior (e.g., her sexual interest, her resistance to sexual advances, her behavior as inappropriate or unladylike, her promiscuity). Hierarchical linear regressions were used for the analyses. Sexual dominance was associated positively with men's justifications for sexual aggression. As impersonal sex increased, negative blindness (e.g., a hypothesized deficit in accurate perception of women's negative behavioral cues) increased in the bisexual condition only. Rape myth acceptance (RMA) was associated with greater negative blindness in both conditions, with a steeper slope in the bisexual condition. Additionally, RMA was associated with greater sexual availability in both conditions, with a steeper slope in the bisexual condition. Hostility toward women was also associated with greater judgments of sexual availability in both conditions, with similar slopes across conditions. These findings suggest that particular traits associated with sexual aggression may predispose men to misperceive cues of bisexual women's sexual disinterest and judge bisexual women as more sexually available relative to heterosexual women.","PeriodicalId":16289,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Interpersonal Violence","volume":"7 1","pages":"8862605261419459"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147461619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-13DOI: 10.1177/08862605261428113
Mahnaz Yadollahi,Seyed Ali Mansouri,Sina Sohrabizadeh
The purpose of this study is to look into the sex differences in characteristics of assault-related injury patients referred to a Level I trauma center in southern Iran. This cross-sectional study analyzed 480 records of patients admitted for assault-related injuries at a Level I trauma center in southern Iran between 2023 and 2024. The study used data from the Shiraz Trauma Registry to examine demographic characteristics, type of trauma, location of injury, body regions affected, hospital length of stay, and injury severity score. Patients (age ≥ 18 years) admitted for assault-related injuries were included, except for those admitted for other reasons or follow-up. We employed logistic regression statistical models for analysis. In this study, 93.1% of the patients were male, and the mean age of the patients was 32.46 ± 13.40 years. Univariate analysis showed that female patients had a significantly higher mean age than male patients (47.94 ± 17.5 vs. 31.32 ± 12.3, p < .001). Most females were married (81.8%) and suffered blunt trauma injuries (57.6%), while most males were single (55.7%) and experienced penetrating trauma (62.2%; p < .001 for marital status, p = .025 for trauma type). Significant gender-related differences were identified in injury locations (p < .001). For males, roads and highways were the most prevalent sites for injuries (41.4%), whereas for females, home was the leading location for assault injuries (45.5%). Additionally, logistic regression analysis showed significant differences between males and females regarding age (p = .002), type of trauma (p = .035), assault-related abdominal injuries (p = .017), and locations of assault injuries, including home (p < .001) and roads and highways (p < .001). Our study identified significant gender disparities regarding assault injuries. These results highlight the necessity for sex-specific strategies in both injury prevention and treatment, considering the distinct characteristics and circumstances related to assault injuries in different demographic groups.
{"title":"Gender Differences in Characteristics of Assault-Related Injury Patients Referred to a Level I Trauma Center in Southern Iran.","authors":"Mahnaz Yadollahi,Seyed Ali Mansouri,Sina Sohrabizadeh","doi":"10.1177/08862605261428113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08862605261428113","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study is to look into the sex differences in characteristics of assault-related injury patients referred to a Level I trauma center in southern Iran. This cross-sectional study analyzed 480 records of patients admitted for assault-related injuries at a Level I trauma center in southern Iran between 2023 and 2024. The study used data from the Shiraz Trauma Registry to examine demographic characteristics, type of trauma, location of injury, body regions affected, hospital length of stay, and injury severity score. Patients (age ≥ 18 years) admitted for assault-related injuries were included, except for those admitted for other reasons or follow-up. We employed logistic regression statistical models for analysis. In this study, 93.1% of the patients were male, and the mean age of the patients was 32.46 ± 13.40 years. Univariate analysis showed that female patients had a significantly higher mean age than male patients (47.94 ± 17.5 vs. 31.32 ± 12.3, p < .001). Most females were married (81.8%) and suffered blunt trauma injuries (57.6%), while most males were single (55.7%) and experienced penetrating trauma (62.2%; p < .001 for marital status, p = .025 for trauma type). Significant gender-related differences were identified in injury locations (p < .001). For males, roads and highways were the most prevalent sites for injuries (41.4%), whereas for females, home was the leading location for assault injuries (45.5%). Additionally, logistic regression analysis showed significant differences between males and females regarding age (p = .002), type of trauma (p = .035), assault-related abdominal injuries (p = .017), and locations of assault injuries, including home (p < .001) and roads and highways (p < .001). Our study identified significant gender disparities regarding assault injuries. These results highlight the necessity for sex-specific strategies in both injury prevention and treatment, considering the distinct characteristics and circumstances related to assault injuries in different demographic groups.","PeriodicalId":16289,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Interpersonal Violence","volume":"19 1","pages":"8862605261428113"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147447111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Digital media consumption among adolescents raises significant concerns, particularly regarding the circulation of violent material in peer communication spaces. This study investigates how Spanish teenagers interact within WhatsApp groups and how such interactions contribute to the dissemination and normalisation of violence during a critical stage of psychosocial development. Data were collected from 164 secondary school students (mean age 14.4 years) through open-ended questionnaires, and a reflexive thematic analysis was conducted to explore their experiences with digital content shared in messaging groups. Participants reported frequent exposure to explicit material involving physical and sexual violence, hate speech, and, in some cases, self-harm. Clear gender differences emerged: boys were more likely to circulate such content, while girls more often reported feelings of rejection, discomfort, and emotional distress. Humour frequently functioned as a discursive strategy to legitimise the material, thereby reducing its perceived seriousness and reinforcing its normalisation within everyday peer interactions. The absence of adult supervision in these digital environments further exacerbated the problem, facilitating the persistence and reach of harmful content. Findings highlight the risks inherent in unregulated digital spaces and underscore the need for targeted educational and policy interventions. Promoting empathy, strengthening digital literacy, and fostering prosocial values appear essential to counteract processes of desensitisation and to mitigate the detrimental emotional and social consequences of violent content exposure during adolescence.
{"title":"Adolescents' Interaction in WhatsApp Groups: The Normalisation of Violent Content.","authors":"Kristel Anciones-Anguita,Vanesa Pastor-Cerezo,Paloma Cendejas","doi":"10.1177/08862605261419474","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08862605261419474","url":null,"abstract":"Digital media consumption among adolescents raises significant concerns, particularly regarding the circulation of violent material in peer communication spaces. This study investigates how Spanish teenagers interact within WhatsApp groups and how such interactions contribute to the dissemination and normalisation of violence during a critical stage of psychosocial development. Data were collected from 164 secondary school students (mean age 14.4 years) through open-ended questionnaires, and a reflexive thematic analysis was conducted to explore their experiences with digital content shared in messaging groups. Participants reported frequent exposure to explicit material involving physical and sexual violence, hate speech, and, in some cases, self-harm. Clear gender differences emerged: boys were more likely to circulate such content, while girls more often reported feelings of rejection, discomfort, and emotional distress. Humour frequently functioned as a discursive strategy to legitimise the material, thereby reducing its perceived seriousness and reinforcing its normalisation within everyday peer interactions. The absence of adult supervision in these digital environments further exacerbated the problem, facilitating the persistence and reach of harmful content. Findings highlight the risks inherent in unregulated digital spaces and underscore the need for targeted educational and policy interventions. Promoting empathy, strengthening digital literacy, and fostering prosocial values appear essential to counteract processes of desensitisation and to mitigate the detrimental emotional and social consequences of violent content exposure during adolescence.","PeriodicalId":16289,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Interpersonal Violence","volume":"8 1","pages":"8862605261419474"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147446858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-11DOI: 10.1177/08862605261421619
Astha Ramaiya,Gayatri Malhotra,Aimée Lulebo,Eric Mafuta,Hanna George,Sabrina Page,Bushra Sabri,Mahboubeh Shirzad,Mengmeng Li
To examine sex-stratified differences in peer violence trends between early to late adolescence and examine the role of gender norm perceptions on these trends. A 5-year, five-wave linked panel cohort of a purposive sample of adolescents (n = 1,551) from Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) was used. During Wave 1 in 2017, out-of-school and in-school adolescents aged 10 to 14 years were selected from two urban communes. Peer violence was operationalized as no violence, victimization only, perpetration only, and victimization and perpetration overlap. A weighted multinomial logistic regression was conducted to determine the role of gender norm perceptions on peer violence experiences. Between 2017 and 2022, there was a reduction in peer violence experiences for both males and females driven by lower victimization (males: 0.8, 95% CI [0.8, 0.9]); females: 0.8 [0.7, 0.8]) and victimization and perpetration overlap (males: 0.9 [0.8, 0.96]; females: 0.7 [0.7, 0.8]) relative to one wave prior. A one-unit increase in sexual double standard (SDS) mean score increased risk of victimization and perpetration overlap for females (RRR: 1.3 [1.1, 1.6]). Peer violence has predominantly been assessed among males without understanding patterns among females. By creating a unique variable that captures victimization and/or perpetration, we unpack both commonalities and differences by sex in peer violence. More unequal perceptions of SDS increased relative risk of peer violence victim and perpetration overlap among females. Additionally, ACEs and alcohol emerged as risk factors for peer violence experiences. Family-based programs combined with gender transformative interventions and policies to address alcohol misuse among adolescents could mitigate peer violence experiences.
研究青少年早期至晚期同伴暴力趋势的性别分层差异，并研究性别规范观念在这些趋势中的作用。研究使用了刚果民主共和国金沙萨（Kinshasa）青少年的5年、五波关联面板队列样本（n = 1551）。在2017年的第一次浪潮中，从两个城市公社中选择了10至14岁的失学和在校青少年。同伴暴力被操作为没有暴力，只有受害，只有犯罪，以及受害和犯罪重叠。采用加权多项逻辑回归来确定性别规范知觉对同伴暴力经历的作用。在2017年至2022年期间，由于受害程度降低，男性和女性的同伴暴力经历都有所减少（男性：0.8,95% CI [0.8, 0.9]）；女性：0.8[0.7,0.8])，受害行为和犯罪行为重叠（男性：0.9[0.8,0.96]；女性：0.7[0.7,0.8]）。性别双重标准（SDS）平均得分每增加1个单位，女性受害和犯罪重叠的风险就会增加（RRR: 1.3[1.1, 1.6]）。同伴暴力主要在男性中进行评估，而不了解女性的模式。通过创建一个独特的变量来捕获受害和/或犯罪者，我们按性别揭示了同伴暴力的共性和差异。对SDS的不平等认知增加了女性同伴暴力受害者和施暴者重叠的相对风险。此外，ace和酒精成为同伴暴力经历的风险因素。以家庭为基础的方案结合性别变革干预措施和解决青少年酒精滥用问题的政策，可以减轻同伴暴力经历。
{"title":"Assessing the Role of Sex and Gender Norms in Peer Violence Trends During Adolescence: A Longitudinal Study From Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo.","authors":"Astha Ramaiya,Gayatri Malhotra,Aimée Lulebo,Eric Mafuta,Hanna George,Sabrina Page,Bushra Sabri,Mahboubeh Shirzad,Mengmeng Li","doi":"10.1177/08862605261421619","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08862605261421619","url":null,"abstract":"To examine sex-stratified differences in peer violence trends between early to late adolescence and examine the role of gender norm perceptions on these trends. A 5-year, five-wave linked panel cohort of a purposive sample of adolescents (n = 1,551) from Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) was used. During Wave 1 in 2017, out-of-school and in-school adolescents aged 10 to 14 years were selected from two urban communes. Peer violence was operationalized as no violence, victimization only, perpetration only, and victimization and perpetration overlap. A weighted multinomial logistic regression was conducted to determine the role of gender norm perceptions on peer violence experiences. Between 2017 and 2022, there was a reduction in peer violence experiences for both males and females driven by lower victimization (males: 0.8, 95% CI [0.8, 0.9]); females: 0.8 [0.7, 0.8]) and victimization and perpetration overlap (males: 0.9 [0.8, 0.96]; females: 0.7 [0.7, 0.8]) relative to one wave prior. A one-unit increase in sexual double standard (SDS) mean score increased risk of victimization and perpetration overlap for females (RRR: 1.3 [1.1, 1.6]). Peer violence has predominantly been assessed among males without understanding patterns among females. By creating a unique variable that captures victimization and/or perpetration, we unpack both commonalities and differences by sex in peer violence. More unequal perceptions of SDS increased relative risk of peer violence victim and perpetration overlap among females. Additionally, ACEs and alcohol emerged as risk factors for peer violence experiences. Family-based programs combined with gender transformative interventions and policies to address alcohol misuse among adolescents could mitigate peer violence experiences.","PeriodicalId":16289,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Interpersonal Violence","volume":"16 1","pages":"8862605261421619"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147393964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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