Journal of Interpersonal Violence最新文献

A negative association between gender equality and intimate partner violence against women (IPVAW) is widely reported in the literature. But does this effect extend to when attitudes towards both gender equality and IPVAW, rather than their actual levels or occurrence, are being studied? Are people less likely to justify IPVAW when they support gender-equal opportunities? Also, does ethnicity moderate this relationship? This study addresses these questions using nationally representative Nigerian samples from the World Values Survey (n = 1,106). Bivariate analyses using ANOVA and Chi-square tests, and multivariate analysis using logistic regression, were performed to test relationships. Accounting for covariates, the findings only marginally supported the hypothesised negative effect of gender equality support on IPVAW justification (average marginal effect [AME] = -0.12, p = .058), partly because ethnicity moderates this effect. The probability of justifying IPVAW significantly reduced with increasing support for gender equality among the Yoruba (AME = -0.43, p < .001) and ethnic minority groups (AME = -0.45, p < .001), but not among the Igbo or Hausa/Fulani. When examined by gender, the negative relationship was significant only for women (AME = -0.22, p < .05); strengthened when the woman is Yoruba (AME = -0.62, p < .001) or ethnic minority (AME = -0.70, p < .001), and weakened when the woman is Igbo (AME = 0.38, p < .05). These results highlight the importance of considering culture as affecting the relationship between support for gender equality and IPVAW justification in Nigeria for targeted interventions in changing attitudes supporting IPVAW.

Gender-based violence (GBV) against older women represents a critical public health problem and human rights violation. Older women experience unique vulnerabilities and invisibility regarding GBV, with severe health consequences. The aim was to examine the rates and health impacts of GBV among Spanish women aged ≥65 years and analyze its effect on health and suicidal behavior. A descriptive study analyzed data collected in 2019 from a nationwide macro-survey conducted in Spain, which included 9,568 women aged 16 years and older. A total of 2,357 older women, aged 74.2 ± 6.9 years, were selected. Sociodemographic variables were collected, as was lifetime GBV exposure by perpetrator type (intimate partner violence [IPV], non-partner, combined, and any interpersonal) and form (e.g., physical, psychological, economic, sexual, etc.), along with health outcomes (self-rated health and psychological distress) and suicidal behavior. Among participants, 23.4% reported lifetime IPV (psychological: 14.1%; physical: 6.1%; economic: 8.7%; sexual: 6.1%; controlling behaviors: 17.1%), while 9.3% experienced non-partner violence (family perpetrators: 2.9%; strangers: 2.9%). Overall, 29.0% reported any interpersonal violence exposure. IPV was significantly associated with poorer self-rated health (adjusted odds ratios, aOR = 1.64; 95% CI [1.34, 2.01]), higher psychological distress (aOR = 1.80; [1.45, 2.23]), and increased suicidal ideation (aOR = 3.89; [2.80, 5.40]). Non-partner violence showed associations with suicidal ideation (aOR = 2.44; [1.60, 3.72]). These findings show substantial GBV rates among older women and their significant health impacts, highlighting the need for age-specific screening and intervention strategies in geriatric care settings.

Plenty of studies have shown that individuals who reported more adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) were more likely to commit dating violence (DV) than those who reported fewer ACEs. However, the underlying mechanism of the relationship remains understudied. Given that an individual's self-esteem is associated with both ACEs and DV behavior, this study aimed to explore the mediating role of self-esteem in the ACE-DV relationship. Cross-sectional research was conducted using a survey sample of 319 university students (177 with ACEs, and 142 without ACEs) from different universities located in different regions in China. Nearly half of the participants (41.4%) perpetrated DV in the past year, and more than half of the participants (55.5%) experienced at least one type of ACEs. The results showed that the direct effects of cumulative ACE and three subdimensions of ACEs (i.e., child maltreatment, family dysfunction, and socio-community adversity) on DV perpetration were statistically significant. Moreover, self-esteem partially mediated the relationships between cumulative ACE, as well as two subdimensions (child maltreatment and socio-community adversity), and DV perpetration. Self-esteem did not mediate the relationship between family dysfunction and DV perpetration. These results implied that children who had more ACEs were more likely to develop lower self-esteem, which may increase the likelihood of perpetrating DV in adulthood. Considering the findings, the urgency to involve community-based organizations in identifying children at high risk and improve the mandatory reporting system of child maltreatment in China is discussed. Also, the importance of early intervention in self-esteem building among children with ACEs, and implications for curbing dating violence in the university setting are discussed.