Journal of Interpersonal Violence最新文献

Strangulation involves the application of force to the neck to restrict blood flow or breathing. It is often utilized in both homicides and non-fatal incidences of coercive control, interpersonal altercations, and sexual assaults. The intention of this study was to provide a comprehensive understanding of interpersonal fatal strangulation in Australian adults through the documentation and analysis of characteristics and circumstances involved in these fatalities. Currently, there is limited research within this field in Australia leading to a medico-legal knowledge deficit that needs to be rectified to ensure public health intervention and preventative death policies and initiatives. Researchers conducted a retrospective review of all closed interpersonal strangulation coronial cases within Australia between 2000 and 2021 using the National Coronial Information System online repository. Researchers identified 195 cases to be included in the study. Strangulation currently accounts for 1.1% to 5.8% of all assault fatalities in Australia per year. Most victims of strangulation are women (68.2%), under the age of 45 (52.3%), and Anglo-European (73.3%). Most individuals are killed by someone they know (89.2%), often in the context of intimate partner violence (52.3%). The leading cause of death within the sample is directly related to the strangulation (90.8%), and the leading manner of death is homicide (94.4%). The study is the first of its kind to utilize descriptive forensic epidemiology to explain the circumstances and characteristics of fatal interpersonal strangulation in Australia providing an Australia-specific medico-legal voice to aid in future research, policy development, and criminal prosecution. The findings within this study are foreseen to contribute to improvements in public health policy surrounding fatal and non-fatal strangulation and assist future medico-legal death investigations, and provide LGBTQ+ and Indigenous Australian representation, which has not been considered in previous studies.

There are substantial mental health consequences for male child sexual abuse (MCSA) victims. Survivors may exhibit sexually offensive actions because of this trauma. In other words, the abused becomes an abuser. In Bangladesh, MCSA is an invisible social problem. This study aimed to assess sexually offensive behaviors among victims of MCSA and to determine the associated factors. A total of 540 victims participated in an online survey as part of a cross-sectional study. Data were collected on victimization, suicidal ideation, history of offense, and sociodemographic factors. Pearson chi-square test and a binary logistic regression were employed to assess significant factors. Results revealed that 63.2% of participants reported engaging in sexually offensive behavior. Those living in villages, unmarried, experienced repetitive sexual abuse, under 13 years old at the time of abuse, experienced physical abuse concurrently, being penetrated during abuse, not disclosing the abuse, not receiving psychological assistance, having significant sexual involvement with men, and experiencing suicidal ideation were more likely to exhibit sexually offensive behaviors. The study underscores the importance of policymakers implementing relevant policies to safeguard boys. In addition, it emphasizes the need for victims to disclose instances of sexual abuse and actively seek psychological intervention.

A criminological fact is that there is an overlap between victims and offenders. Yet within this line of research less is known about the impact of specific types of victimization and how this relationship varies by gender and levels of low self-control (LSC). Employing a gendered perspective, this study expands the understanding of the victim-offender overlap by highlighting how the experiences of victimization and offending differ between men and women and by LSC. Negative binomial regressions using longitudinal data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health) indicate that there are gender differences in the effects of childhood caregiver abuse on self-reported offending over time. Cumulative violent victimization predicts increased offending for both men and women and is the strongest predictor overall. Low self-control moderates these relationships at Wave III, with significant interactions indicating that higher self-control weakens the impact of cumulative victimization on offending behaviors. Notably, these moderating effects diminish by Wave IV, suggesting developmental changes or reduced relevance of earlier victimization over time. This observed interaction varies in intensity by gender. By integrating gender and victimization type, this research contributes to a more thorough understanding of heterogeneity in the victim-offender overlap, emphasizing the importance of considering both gender-specific and general factors in addressing the effects of interpersonal violence. Future research should expand the field's understanding of the role of diversity in the victim-offender overlap by examining nonbinary gender identities and different sexual orientations as these are known factors that impact both the likelihood of victimization and offending.

In 2017, the #MeToo movement garnered international attention when millions of people used the hashtag to share personal experiences of sexual violence. The present study examines how noncelebrity users discussed their experiences of sexual victimization through a qualitative and quantitative content analysis of a random sample of #MeToo tweets (N = 1,427). We found that survivors prioritized details about the "who," "what," "where," "when," "why," and "how" of trauma in their disclosures. Key themes in their responses included child sexual abuse (22.7%), long-term adverse effects (17.6%), and polyvictimization (10.4%) across the life course. Survivors also utilized #MeToo to highlight the prevalence of violence against women (26.4%) and offer critiques of rape culture and social structures (23.9%) as indirect causes of their victimization and subsequent negative experiences. Our analysis demonstrates the utility of Twitter for broadening current understandings of the context in which sexual violence occurs, while also offering a nuanced analysis of the persisting difficulties many survivors face in narrating personal experiences of violence.

Youth with mental health and neurodevelopmental conditions may be at increased risk for interpersonal violence victimization and perpetration as compared to counterparts without these conditions. To investigate this possibility, we conducted an analysis using U.S. nationally representative data collected from youth ages 11 to 21 years old (N = 846). We calculated the prevalence of any dating abuse victimization or perpetration, as well as four specific subtypes of dating abuse-physical, sexual, psychological, and cyber dating abuse-for youth with eight types of mental health and neurodevelopmental disorders (i.e., anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder [PTSD], oppositional defiant or other conduct disorder, bipolar disorder [BD], attention deficit disorder/attention deficit hyperactivity disorder [ADHD], autism, or learning disability). Nearly one-half (43%) of the sample reported that they had one or more of the eight mental health or neurodevelopmental conditions (n = 337), 75% of those reported experiencing at least one act of dating abuse victimization in the past year, and 62% reported one or more acts of dating abuse perpetration. Ordinal regression model analyses demonstrated that youth with mental health and neurodevelopmental conditions had substantially elevated odds of more frequent physical, sexual, psychological, and cyber dating abuse victimization (adjusted odds ratios ranged from 1.2 to 7.4) and dating abuse perpetration (adjusted odds ratios ranged from 1.0 to 6.9) controlling for gender, sexual orientation, race, ethnicity, age, and household income. Compared to youth with no mental health or neurodevelopmental conditions, youth with BD were particularly likely to report more frequent experiences of all types of dating abuse victimization. Also, sexual dating abuse perpetration was elevated among youth with anxiety, depression, PTSD, BD, and ADHD. Funders are called upon to invest strategically in the development and rigorous testing of healthy relationships promotion programs and strategies that will benefit the millions of youth in U.S. schools who have these conditions.

Black women experience the highest mortality and morbidity resulting from intimate partner violence (IPV) victimization, yet there remains a dearth of culturally responsive interventions designed to meet their needs within the coordinated community response system. We employed the Theory of Help-Seeking Behavior to explicate the barriers that Black women experience when securing assistance from providers within the IPV service provision system, inclusive of the criminal legal, child protective service, shelter, healthcare, and mental healthcare systems. In-depth individual interviews were conducted with 30 people who self-identified as Black women who were help-seeking within the IPV service provision system at the time of data collection. Data was analyzed via the matrix system and organized based on pathway-specific domains. Findings explicate substantive gaps within the existing system of care. Fundamental to improving Black women's IPV-related outcomes is improving the system to ensure it is designed to fully support them. Importantly, this is the first study to examine Black survivors' experiences throughout the continuum of the IPV service provision system.

This study delves into the intricate association between women's empowerment and physical intimate partner violence (PIPV) in Afghanistan. In this country, nearly half of all women have experienced PIPV at some point in their lifetime. Utilizing data from the Afghanistan Demographic and Health Survey 2015, a nationally representative survey of women and men aged 15 to 49 years, this study employs multiple logistic regression analysis to elucidate the association between women's empowerment and PIPV prevalence. The findings reveal a compelling association between women's empowerment and lower PIPV risk. Women with higher levels of education and income, considered empowered individuals, exhibit a lower likelihood of experiencing PIPV. In addition, rural women face a heightened risk of PIPV compared to their urban counterparts. In contrast, women residing in the poorest quintile are twice as likely to endure PIPV compared to those in the wealthiest quintile. Notably, the husband's educational attainment also bears a significant inverse relationship with IPV occurrence. These findings underscore the transformative potential of education and economic empowerment in safeguarding Afghan women from PIPV. The implications of this study extend to policymakers, particularly the international community and the United Nations, who are actively engaged in PIPV reduction efforts in Afghanistan. Investing in the educational empowerment of Afghan women holds immense promise in alleviating the scourge of PIPV.

Experiencing violence from an abusive partner in a relationship is detrimental to people's lives and is classified as a public health problem. This analytical study aimed to analyze the associations between experiences of dating victimization, stress, and breakup-related behaviors among university students. It determined the associations between perception of dating violence, stress, and relationship situation in university students and identified the predictors of victimization by dating violence. The participants were 429 students belonging to three higher education institutions in Ecuador. The Dating Violence Questionnaire (DVQ-VP), complementary questions for analysis of breakup-related behaviors and the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) were used for data collection. Victims of repeated violence reported higher levels of stress compared with those who were victims of sporadic violence (DVQ-V and PSS; p < .05 and SE ≤ 0.2). In the breakup-related behaviors to end the relationship, number of attempts presented a moderate association (ES ≤ 0.6) with victimization due to repeated abuse. The results highlight the importance of recognizing dating violence victimization, stress levels, and breakup-related behaviors to design dating violence prevention programs for college students. The study indicates the need for specific counseling measures in universities to increase awareness of abusive behaviors within dating relationships and emphasize the factors that promote the identification of warning signs, for example, stress or normalization of violent behaviors in a relationship.

Studies show that racialized sexual harassment, a form of gendered racism, contributes to increased psychological distress among Black women. To cope, some Black women may adhere to the Superwoman Schema (i.e., an obligation to display strength, resistance to vulnerability, intense motivation to succeed despite limited resources, and an obligation to help others), which may be associated with decreased willingness to seek help. In this study, we investigated the association between racialized sexual harassment, Superwoman Schema, and its dimensions, and help-seeking intention. Participants included 155 Black female college students who completed an online survey. We found a negative association between racialized sexual harassment and help-seeking intention. We also found that racialized sexual harassment was positively associated with Superwoman Schema, which in turn correlated with help-seeking intention, suggesting that Superwoman Schema may help explain the association between racialized sexual harassment and help-seeking intention. Further analyses with Superwoman Schema dimensions revealed that both an obligation to suppress emotions and resistance to vulnerability explained the nature of these associations. Findings indicate the complex nature of the Superwoman Schema as a response to gendered racialized oppression.