Pub Date : 2025-01-01Epub Date: 2024-05-20DOI: 10.1177/08862605241245388
Gia Elise Barboza-Salerno, Holly Thurston, Bridget Freisthler
Previous research shows that large, densely populated urban areas have higher rates of child victimization that have persisted over time. However, few investigations have inquired about the processes that produce and sustain hot and cold spots of child victimization. As a result, the mechanisms that produce the observed spatial clustering of child victimization, and hence "why" harms against children tend to cluster in space, remains unknown. Does the likelihood of being a victim of violence in one location depend on a similar event happening in a nearby location within a specified timeframe? Rather, are child victims of violence more likely to reside in suboptimal neighborhood conditions? This paper aims to present an analytical and theoretical framework for distinguishing between these locational (point) processes to determine whether the empirical spatial patterns undergirding child victimization are more reflective of the "spread" via contagion (i.e., dependency) or whether they are produced by neighborhood structural inequality resulting from spatial heterogeneity. To detect spatial dependence, we applied the inhomogeneous K-function to Los Angeles Medical Examiner data on child homicide victim locations while controlling for regional differences in victimization events (i.e., heterogeneity). Our analysis found strong evidence of spatial clustering in child victimization at small spatial scales but inhibition at larger scales. We further found limited support for the spatiotemporal clustering of child victimization indicative of a contagion effect. Overall, our results support the role of neighborhood structural vulnerability in the underlying mechanisms producing patterns of child victimization across Los Angeles County. We conclude by discussing the policy implications for understanding this spatial patterning in geographical context and for developing effective and targeted preventive interventions.
以往的研究表明，人口稠密的大城市地区儿童受害率较高，而且这种现象长期存在。然而，很少有调查探究产生和维持儿童受害热点和冷点的过程。因此，造成所观察到的儿童受害空间集群的机制，以及 "为什么 "对儿童的伤害倾向于在空间上集群，仍然是未知数。在某一地点成为暴力受害者的可能性是否取决于附近地点在特定时间范围内发生的类似事件？相反，暴力受害儿童是否更有可能居住在条件不理想的社区？本文旨在提出一个分析和理论框架，以区分这些定位（点）过程，从而确定儿童受害的实证空间模式是更多地反映了通过传染（即依赖性）进行的 "传播"，还是由空间异质性导致的邻里结构不平等造成的。为了检测空间依赖性，我们将非均质 K 函数应用于洛杉矶法医检验的儿童凶杀案受害者地点数据，同时控制受害事件的地区差异（即异质性）。我们的分析发现，有强有力的证据表明，在较小的空间范围内，儿童受害事件具有空间集群性，但在较大的空间范围内，这种集群性受到抑制。我们还发现，儿童受害的时空集群效应对传染效应的支持有限。总体而言，我们的研究结果支持邻里结构脆弱性在洛杉矶县儿童受害模式的基本机制中的作用。最后，我们讨论了在地理背景下理解这种空间模式以及制定有效和有针对性的预防干预措施的政策意义。
{"title":"The Spatial Scale and Spread of Child Victimization.","authors":"Gia Elise Barboza-Salerno, Holly Thurston, Bridget Freisthler","doi":"10.1177/08862605241245388","DOIUrl":"10.1177/08862605241245388","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Previous research shows that large, densely populated urban areas have higher rates of child victimization that have persisted over time. However, few investigations have inquired about the processes that produce and sustain hot and cold spots of child victimization. As a result, the mechanisms that produce the observed spatial clustering of child victimization, and hence \"why\" harms against children tend to cluster in space, remains unknown. Does the likelihood of being a victim of violence in one location depend on a similar event happening in a nearby location within a specified timeframe? Rather, are child victims of violence more likely to reside in suboptimal neighborhood conditions? This paper aims to present an analytical and theoretical framework for distinguishing between these locational (point) processes to determine whether the empirical spatial patterns undergirding child victimization are more reflective of the \"spread\" via contagion (i.e., dependency) or whether they are produced by neighborhood structural inequality resulting from spatial heterogeneity. To detect spatial dependence, we applied the inhomogeneous <i>K</i>-function to Los Angeles Medical Examiner data on child homicide victim locations while controlling for regional differences in victimization events (i.e., heterogeneity). Our analysis found strong evidence of spatial clustering in child victimization at small spatial scales but inhibition at larger scales. We further found limited support for the spatiotemporal clustering of child victimization indicative of a contagion effect. Overall, our results support the role of neighborhood structural vulnerability in the underlying mechanisms producing patterns of child victimization across Los Angeles County. We conclude by discussing the policy implications for understanding this spatial patterning in geographical context and for developing effective and targeted preventive interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":16289,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Interpersonal Violence","volume":" ","pages":"121-152"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141071406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-31DOI: 10.1177/08862605241307618
Andrzej Uhl, Andrzej Porębski, Ewa Ilczuk
While legally the same, acts of sexual abuse within and outside intimate relationships are not seen as equal by the public, and this distinction might also be reflected in preferred criminal punishment; some people might deem partner rape as deserving less harsh punishment than the rape of a stranger. Our secondary analysis examines differential punitiveness toward these two types of rape among the respondents ( n = 11,383) to a large population survey conducted in 2021 in Austria, Czechia, Germany, Hungary, Poland, and Slovakia. As part of the survey, respondents chose preferred sentences for partner and stranger rape. Using these sentencing questions, we investigate the direction, extent, and demographic distribution of the differential punitiveness toward stranger and partner rape. A large group of respondents (ranging from 31.5% in Austria to 47.3% in Czechia) granted greater leniency to partner rape than to stranger rape and the reverse was rarely observed. More severe sentences were chosen for stranger rape more often than for partner rape. The individual bias toward leniency for partner rape was also typically stronger than the rare bias for stranger rape (the difference of 36 vs. 24 months of imprisonment, respectively). Relative leniency toward partner rape was particularly pronounced in Slavic countries, more prevalent among men, and positively correlated with age, right-wing authoritarianism, social dominance orientation and rape myth acceptance. Drawing on our results and previous scholarship, we attribute the observed disparities to the persistence of rape myths and the legitimation of intra-relationship sexual violence by conventional belief systems.
{"title":"Disparity Between Punitive Attitudes Toward Stranger Rape and Partner Rape: Evidence From Cross-National Survey Data","authors":"Andrzej Uhl, Andrzej Porębski, Ewa Ilczuk","doi":"10.1177/08862605241307618","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08862605241307618","url":null,"abstract":"While legally the same, acts of sexual abuse within and outside intimate relationships are not seen as equal by the public, and this distinction might also be reflected in preferred criminal punishment; some people might deem partner rape as deserving less harsh punishment than the rape of a stranger. Our secondary analysis examines differential punitiveness toward these two types of rape among the respondents ( n = 11,383) to a large population survey conducted in 2021 in Austria, Czechia, Germany, Hungary, Poland, and Slovakia. As part of the survey, respondents chose preferred sentences for partner and stranger rape. Using these sentencing questions, we investigate the direction, extent, and demographic distribution of the differential punitiveness toward stranger and partner rape. A large group of respondents (ranging from 31.5% in Austria to 47.3% in Czechia) granted greater leniency to partner rape than to stranger rape and the reverse was rarely observed. More severe sentences were chosen for stranger rape more often than for partner rape. The individual bias toward leniency for partner rape was also typically stronger than the rare bias for stranger rape (the difference of 36 vs. 24 months of imprisonment, respectively). Relative leniency toward partner rape was particularly pronounced in Slavic countries, more prevalent among men, and positively correlated with age, right-wing authoritarianism, social dominance orientation and rape myth acceptance. Drawing on our results and previous scholarship, we attribute the observed disparities to the persistence of rape myths and the legitimation of intra-relationship sexual violence by conventional belief systems.","PeriodicalId":16289,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Interpersonal Violence","volume":"88 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142908621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-31DOI: 10.1177/08862605241305150
Fei Pei, Xiaomei Li, Luyao Kang, Chenming Wang
In the past decades, an increasing body of research has delved into the mechanisms of adolescent delinquency from various perspectives, including individual characteristics, interpersonal relationships, school environments, and community settings. However, limited research focused on its association with community gun violence exposure. Utilizing data from 3,595 adolescents ( M = 15.63, SD = 0.71) and their families, we examined how the number of gun violence incidents proximal to adolescents’ homes and schools was linked with their self-reported delinquent behaviors, controlling for other important individual, interpersonal, and community-level predictors of adolescent delinquency. Results revealed relationships between gun violence within 1,000 and 500 m of homes (but not schools) and adolescent delinquency; yet the direction of the relationship differs by distance.
{"title":"Exploring the Associations Between Community Gun Violence Exposure and Adolescent Delinquency: Evidence from the Future of Families and Child Wellbeing Study","authors":"Fei Pei, Xiaomei Li, Luyao Kang, Chenming Wang","doi":"10.1177/08862605241305150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08862605241305150","url":null,"abstract":"In the past decades, an increasing body of research has delved into the mechanisms of adolescent delinquency from various perspectives, including individual characteristics, interpersonal relationships, school environments, and community settings. However, limited research focused on its association with community gun violence exposure. Utilizing data from 3,595 adolescents ( M = 15.63, SD = 0.71) and their families, we examined how the number of gun violence incidents proximal to adolescents’ homes and schools was linked with their self-reported delinquent behaviors, controlling for other important individual, interpersonal, and community-level predictors of adolescent delinquency. Results revealed relationships between gun violence within 1,000 and 500 m of homes (but not schools) and adolescent delinquency; yet the direction of the relationship differs by distance.","PeriodicalId":16289,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Interpersonal Violence","volume":"86 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142908622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-31DOI: 10.1177/08862605241308832
Jane E. Hereth, Angie C. Kennedy, Rachel C. Garthe, Brenna Durand, Lane Morein, Lexy Lunger, Lucas E. De Smet, Lukas E. Thornton, Allyson M. Blackburn, Jessica Saba
Transgender women are at increased risk for interpersonal violence victimization, including physical and sexual child abuse and mistreatment, intimate partner violence and sexual assault, and transgender-related community violence. Experiencing multiple forms of interpersonal victimization is associated with a range of adverse mental health outcomes. Life course approaches such as the life history calendar (LHC) are useful for examining trajectories of victimization and associated mental health outcomes, yet to date this method has not been used to examine transgender women’s victimization trajectories. In this paper, we describe adapting the LHC to examine transgender women’s experiences of victimization, adverse mental health, help-seeking, and help-attainment ( N = 103), and we share participants’ feedback on the acceptability of the LHC. First, we engaged in an iterative and collaborative process to adapt existing LHCs used in studies on victimization among cisgender women to ensure relevancy for our sample and then we conducted one-on-one interviews with participants using the adapted LHC. At the end of the interview, participants were asked for feedback about their experience. Responses were transcribed verbatim and coded using open and thematic coding methods. Overwhelmingly participants (97.8%) found the experience to be “positive” (73.0%) or “neutral” (39.3%). Just two participants’ responses were coded as only “challenging.” Other themes included enjoying the process of using the calendar to reflect on their life events and feeling good about using their stories to help others. The adaptation and findings from our study demonstrate that despite high levels of victimization and trauma and potential difficulty discussing these topics in a research context, transgender women who participated in this study found the LHC interview to be acceptable and, in many cases, positive. Findings can inform future LHC adaptations and research as well as the development of culturally relevant and effective mental health interventions for transgender women.
{"title":"Using the Life History Calendar to Examine Victimization, Mental Health, and Seeking and Attaining Help Among Transgender Women: An Example of a Culturally Relevant Adaptation","authors":"Jane E. Hereth, Angie C. Kennedy, Rachel C. Garthe, Brenna Durand, Lane Morein, Lexy Lunger, Lucas E. De Smet, Lukas E. Thornton, Allyson M. Blackburn, Jessica Saba","doi":"10.1177/08862605241308832","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08862605241308832","url":null,"abstract":"Transgender women are at increased risk for interpersonal violence victimization, including physical and sexual child abuse and mistreatment, intimate partner violence and sexual assault, and transgender-related community violence. Experiencing multiple forms of interpersonal victimization is associated with a range of adverse mental health outcomes. Life course approaches such as the life history calendar (LHC) are useful for examining trajectories of victimization and associated mental health outcomes, yet to date this method has not been used to examine transgender women’s victimization trajectories. In this paper, we describe adapting the LHC to examine transgender women’s experiences of victimization, adverse mental health, help-seeking, and help-attainment ( N = 103), and we share participants’ feedback on the acceptability of the LHC. First, we engaged in an iterative and collaborative process to adapt existing LHCs used in studies on victimization among cisgender women to ensure relevancy for our sample and then we conducted one-on-one interviews with participants using the adapted LHC. At the end of the interview, participants were asked for feedback about their experience. Responses were transcribed verbatim and coded using open and thematic coding methods. Overwhelmingly participants (97.8%) found the experience to be “positive” (73.0%) or “neutral” (39.3%). Just two participants’ responses were coded as only “challenging.” Other themes included enjoying the process of using the calendar to reflect on their life events and feeling good about using their stories to help others. The adaptation and findings from our study demonstrate that despite high levels of victimization and trauma and potential difficulty discussing these topics in a research context, transgender women who participated in this study found the LHC interview to be acceptable and, in many cases, positive. Findings can inform future LHC adaptations and research as well as the development of culturally relevant and effective mental health interventions for transgender women.","PeriodicalId":16289,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Interpersonal Violence","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142908623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-30DOI: 10.1177/08862605241308291
Elizabeth J. Allan, David Kerschner, Devin Franklin
Guided by the Hazing Prevention Framework, this investigation employed quantitative and qualitative methods to examine the perceived impact of a 3-year, multi-campus initiative to implement a comprehensive, public health-based approach to campus hazing prevention. Data were collected from campus staff employed at eight universities participating in the Hazing Prevention Consortium by using the Hazing Prevention Rubric and conducting follow-up interviews. Analysis of rubric scores revealed an average increase of 18.66%, suggesting overall progression for these campuses. Qualitative analysis illuminated commitment, capacity, assessment, planning, implementation, evaluation, cultural competence, and sustainability themes and provided further context for interpreting rubric scores. Factors perceived to strongly influence the progression of hazing prevention included the presence of a network of peers for collaboration and assessment data to guide prevention and factors perceived to influence regression included the challenges related to COVID-19 and the lack of senior leader commitment to hazing prevention. Findings contribute new knowledge and add to the literature about hazing prevention and rubrics for evaluating campus-wide prevention initiatives. Recommendations for research and practice are provided.
{"title":"Exploring the Perceived Impact of a Multi-Year Campus Hazing Prevention Initiative at Eight Universities","authors":"Elizabeth J. Allan, David Kerschner, Devin Franklin","doi":"10.1177/08862605241308291","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08862605241308291","url":null,"abstract":"Guided by the Hazing Prevention Framework, this investigation employed quantitative and qualitative methods to examine the perceived impact of a 3-year, multi-campus initiative to implement a comprehensive, public health-based approach to campus hazing prevention. Data were collected from campus staff employed at eight universities participating in the Hazing Prevention Consortium by using the Hazing Prevention Rubric and conducting follow-up interviews. Analysis of rubric scores revealed an average increase of 18.66%, suggesting overall progression for these campuses. Qualitative analysis illuminated commitment, capacity, assessment, planning, implementation, evaluation, cultural competence, and sustainability themes and provided further context for interpreting rubric scores. Factors perceived to strongly influence the progression of hazing prevention included the presence of a network of peers for collaboration and assessment data to guide prevention and factors perceived to influence regression included the challenges related to COVID-19 and the lack of senior leader commitment to hazing prevention. Findings contribute new knowledge and add to the literature about hazing prevention and rubrics for evaluating campus-wide prevention initiatives. Recommendations for research and practice are provided.","PeriodicalId":16289,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Interpersonal Violence","volume":"83 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142908445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-30DOI: 10.1177/08862605241307229
Matthew S. Howard, Jennifer Embree, Monica Kennison, Laura Dzurec
Telling stories is central to lived experience, a mechanism for emotionally engaging the storyteller and listeners. For the storyteller, telling stories is a powerful way of bolstering social cooperation. For listeners, stories support sensemaking, or the subconscious ability to rationalize the actions witnessed or heard. The investigators’ previous research demonstrated workplace bullies’ skills in telling stories. Findings of that work highlighted the ways bullies use a tone of voice and body language to make the stories they tell—whether those stories comprise brief one-liners or ongoing diatribes—hard to resist. Bullies’ stories are not always factually accurate. They often solicit substantial social cooperation from stakeholders around the workplace. Most significantly, and of most salience in regard to this study, bullies’ stories, while delivered with a particular style or flair, readily come to define listener perspective despite their often intentionally misleading content. This study tested the utility of a novel intervention designed to help listeners who believe the implications of bullies’ stories—that is, those who are victimized—to recognize the often self-defeating impact of bullies’ narrative affronts. Findings indicated that the study’s primary intervention did not demonstrate the effect intended by the investigators. However, the findings emphasize the significance of acknowledging the impact of bullies’ storytelling on the thoughts and feelings of the individuals they target. It underscores the necessity for providing assistance and empathy to those who have experienced bullying while also considering the significance of the work environment, communication dynamics, and administrative measures in shaping the experiences of those affected by bullying. The findings emerged as an unexpected and valuable discovery that might define a research focus worthy of future consideration and suggest appropriate interventions for workplace administrators.
{"title":"Spotting and Addressing Bullies’ “Sticky” Storytelling: Serendipitous Findings of a Mixed-Methods Study","authors":"Matthew S. Howard, Jennifer Embree, Monica Kennison, Laura Dzurec","doi":"10.1177/08862605241307229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08862605241307229","url":null,"abstract":"Telling stories is central to lived experience, a mechanism for emotionally engaging the storyteller and listeners. For the storyteller, telling stories is a powerful way of bolstering social cooperation. For listeners, stories support sensemaking, or the subconscious ability to rationalize the actions witnessed or heard. The investigators’ previous research demonstrated workplace bullies’ skills in telling stories. Findings of that work highlighted the ways bullies use a tone of voice and body language to make the stories they tell—whether those stories comprise brief one-liners or ongoing diatribes—hard to resist. Bullies’ stories are not always factually accurate. They often solicit substantial social cooperation from stakeholders around the workplace. Most significantly, and of most salience in regard to this study, bullies’ stories, while delivered with a particular style or flair, readily come to define listener perspective despite their often intentionally misleading content. This study tested the utility of a novel intervention designed to help listeners who believe the implications of bullies’ stories—that is, those who are victimized—to recognize the often self-defeating impact of bullies’ narrative affronts. Findings indicated that the study’s primary intervention did not demonstrate the effect intended by the investigators. However, the findings emphasize the significance of acknowledging the impact of bullies’ storytelling on the thoughts and feelings of the individuals they target. It underscores the necessity for providing assistance and empathy to those who have experienced bullying while also considering the significance of the work environment, communication dynamics, and administrative measures in shaping the experiences of those affected by bullying. The findings emerged as an unexpected and valuable discovery that might define a research focus worthy of future consideration and suggest appropriate interventions for workplace administrators.","PeriodicalId":16289,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Interpersonal Violence","volume":"114 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142908446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-30DOI: 10.1177/08862605241303958
Élise Marsollier, Denis Hauw, Fabienne Crettaz von Roten
The present study aimed to conduct an in-depth analysis of adolescent competitive athletes’ perceptions on abusive coaching behaviors. Our aims were thus to (a) identify the acceptable abusive coaching behaviors and (b) characterize qualitatively the criteria for the acceptance of abusive coaching behaviors. Based on the study goal, an Abusive Coaching Behavior Grid was developed and completed by 356 French-speaking athletes, among which 10 were interviewed to justify where they draw the line between acceptable and unacceptable coaching behaviors. Quantitative analysis showed that shaking, shouting at, or asking athletes to perform until exhaustion were considered acceptable. Quebec and female athletes tended to accept fewer different abusive behaviors, but there were no differences by sport characteristics. The perception on abusive coaching behaviors was influenced by expectations about the coaching role, negative effects of coaching behaviors, circumstances in which the behaviors occur, and the nature of behaviors. The present study raises the importance of questioning cognitive schemas shared by groups of athletes as well as the norms coaches convey and the behaviors they adopt.
{"title":"Acceptable or Not: An In-depth Analysis of Adolescent Competitive Athletes’ Perceptions on Abusive Coaching Behaviors","authors":"Élise Marsollier, Denis Hauw, Fabienne Crettaz von Roten","doi":"10.1177/08862605241303958","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08862605241303958","url":null,"abstract":"The present study aimed to conduct an in-depth analysis of adolescent competitive athletes’ perceptions on abusive coaching behaviors. Our aims were thus to (a) identify the acceptable abusive coaching behaviors and (b) characterize qualitatively the criteria for the acceptance of abusive coaching behaviors. Based on the study goal, an Abusive Coaching Behavior Grid was developed and completed by 356 French-speaking athletes, among which 10 were interviewed to justify where they draw the line between acceptable and unacceptable coaching behaviors. Quantitative analysis showed that shaking, shouting at, or asking athletes to perform until exhaustion were considered acceptable. Quebec and female athletes tended to accept fewer different abusive behaviors, but there were no differences by sport characteristics. The perception on abusive coaching behaviors was influenced by expectations about the coaching role, negative effects of coaching behaviors, circumstances in which the behaviors occur, and the nature of behaviors. The present study raises the importance of questioning cognitive schemas shared by groups of athletes as well as the norms coaches convey and the behaviors they adopt.","PeriodicalId":16289,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Interpersonal Violence","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142901604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-27DOI: 10.1177/08862605241299439
Chloé Cherrier, Robert Courtois, Emmanuel Rusch, Catherine Potard
This study sought to identify classes of intimate partner violence (IPV) among emerging adults reporting both victimization and perpetration, as well as the co-occurrence of multiple forms of violence (i.e., psychological, physical, and sexual) and the association of psychosocial vulnerability factors (i.e., parental attachment, childhood abuse, dysfunctional attitudes, sociotropy-autonomy, self-esteem, and problem solving). A total of 363 French emerging adults aged 18 to 30 years (mean age = 24.73; 88.7% women) responded to self-report questionnaires at 12-month intervals. A latent class analysis identified five classes: low IPV (37.7%), poly IPV (7.5%), psychological and sexual IPV (8.9%), psychological and physical IPV (6.5%), and psychological IPV (39.4%). The classes were compared with logistic multinomial regressions, with the low IPV class as a reference. The results revealed that a history of IPV (12 months before) was the most predictive factor of IPV classes. Significant psychosocial vulnerability factors included social problem solving for poly IPV and psychological IPV, attraction to loneliness (dimension of autonomy) for psychological and sexual IPV, high self-esteem for poly IPV, and a secure attachment to the mother for psychological IPV and for psychological and physical IPV. Childhood abuse was not associated with the different classes. Implications for research and prevention programs will be discussed. This includes efforts to empirically integrate life skills with established psychosocial factors, and working on representations of IPV by framing conflicts as interactive interactions, to further improve intervention strategies.
{"title":"Latent Classes Analysis Approach of Intimate Partner Violence Victimization and Perpetration in Emerging Adulthood","authors":"Chloé Cherrier, Robert Courtois, Emmanuel Rusch, Catherine Potard","doi":"10.1177/08862605241299439","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08862605241299439","url":null,"abstract":"This study sought to identify classes of intimate partner violence (IPV) among emerging adults reporting both victimization and perpetration, as well as the co-occurrence of multiple forms of violence (i.e., psychological, physical, and sexual) and the association of psychosocial vulnerability factors (i.e., parental attachment, childhood abuse, dysfunctional attitudes, sociotropy-autonomy, self-esteem, and problem solving). A total of 363 French emerging adults aged 18 to 30 years (mean age = 24.73; 88.7% women) responded to self-report questionnaires at 12-month intervals. A latent class analysis identified five classes: low IPV (37.7%), poly IPV (7.5%), psychological and sexual IPV (8.9%), psychological and physical IPV (6.5%), and psychological IPV (39.4%). The classes were compared with logistic multinomial regressions, with the low IPV class as a reference. The results revealed that a history of IPV (12 months before) was the most predictive factor of IPV classes. Significant psychosocial vulnerability factors included social problem solving for poly IPV and psychological IPV, attraction to loneliness (dimension of autonomy) for psychological and sexual IPV, high self-esteem for poly IPV, and a secure attachment to the mother for psychological IPV and for psychological and physical IPV. Childhood abuse was not associated with the different classes. Implications for research and prevention programs will be discussed. This includes efforts to empirically integrate life skills with established psychosocial factors, and working on representations of IPV by framing conflicts as interactive interactions, to further improve intervention strategies.","PeriodicalId":16289,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Interpersonal Violence","volume":"32 1","pages":"8862605241299439"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142887440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-27DOI: 10.1177/08862605241307226
Rachel A. Wamser, Julia Richardson
On August 9, 2014, Michael Brown was shot and killed by police officer Darren Wilson in Ferguson Missouri, sparking protests and civil unrest. Three studies have yielded inconsistent findings regarding the presence of posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSSs) in the aftermath of the unrest in Ferguson. Additional work is needed to understand how exposure to community-level stressors may correspond with trauma-related outcomes, as well as accounting for knowledge of, and engagement in the events. Posttraumatic cognitions have also not been researched. The present study examined the associations between Ferguson exposure, knowledge of Ferguson events, Black Lives Matter (BLM) membership, PTSSs, and posttraumatic cognitions among 514 undergraduate students from a university near Ferguson ( Mage = 23.89, SD = 6.94; 79.2% female; 57.4% White, 29.4% Black). The four posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptom clusters and posttraumatic cognitions regarding the world were also investigated. Women, those with greater prior trauma exposure, and those with greater knowledge of Ferguson events reported higher PTSS. Greater knowledge of Ferguson events evinced ties to intrusion symptoms; however, Ferguson knowledge or direct exposure and BLM membership were consistently not associated with the other three symptom clusters. Moreover, these variables were not related to negative posttraumatic cognitions. Sex and cumulative trauma demonstrated links to all of the dependent variables. Prior trauma history may be key in understanding reactions to collective trauma, and knowledge of these events may play a smaller, but important, role.
{"title":"Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms and Posttraumatic Cognitions in the Wake of the Death of Michael Brown","authors":"Rachel A. Wamser, Julia Richardson","doi":"10.1177/08862605241307226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08862605241307226","url":null,"abstract":"On August 9, 2014, Michael Brown was shot and killed by police officer Darren Wilson in Ferguson Missouri, sparking protests and civil unrest. Three studies have yielded inconsistent findings regarding the presence of posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSSs) in the aftermath of the unrest in Ferguson. Additional work is needed to understand how exposure to community-level stressors may correspond with trauma-related outcomes, as well as accounting for knowledge of, and engagement in the events. Posttraumatic cognitions have also not been researched. The present study examined the associations between Ferguson exposure, knowledge of Ferguson events, Black Lives Matter (BLM) membership, PTSSs, and posttraumatic cognitions among 514 undergraduate students from a university near Ferguson ( M<jats:sub>age</jats:sub> = 23.89, SD = 6.94; 79.2% female; 57.4% White, 29.4% Black). The four posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptom clusters and posttraumatic cognitions regarding the world were also investigated. Women, those with greater prior trauma exposure, and those with greater knowledge of Ferguson events reported higher PTSS. Greater knowledge of Ferguson events evinced ties to intrusion symptoms; however, Ferguson knowledge or direct exposure and BLM membership were consistently not associated with the other three symptom clusters. Moreover, these variables were not related to negative posttraumatic cognitions. Sex and cumulative trauma demonstrated links to all of the dependent variables. Prior trauma history may be key in understanding reactions to collective trauma, and knowledge of these events may play a smaller, but important, role.","PeriodicalId":16289,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Interpersonal Violence","volume":"63 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142887449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-27DOI: 10.1177/08862605241308293
Alexandra Serrano-Flores, Mario Melo Cevallos, Paola Peña Terán, Gabriela León Crespo
Corporal punishment (CP) is a widely extended practice within Ecuadorian households. However, there is international pressure to ban it, CP is not considered a topic of relevance either for researchers nor public policy, and there is a lack of information about this phenomenon, its causes, and effects in this specific context. That is why this research aims to identify common beliefs supporting CP usage inside homes since beliefs have been found to shape individual behavior at the same time they are socially and culturally produced. Concerning CP, beliefs have a relevant paper determining favorable attitudes for its usage in childrearing. Understanding beliefs could give some clues to designing culturally appropriate means to eradicate this practice. For this research, in-depth interviews were conducted with 24 middle-class, college-educated adults between 20 and 59 years of age residing in the urban areas of Guayaquil and Puyo. It is a qualitative research of grounded theory with axial coding. Data analysis was made through open coding and focused coding methods. As a result, four common beliefs supporting CP were identified: (a) CP is “fair” violence because its goal is to raise good citizens; (b) it is possible to distinguish between “fair” CP and children abuse; (c) children, not parents, are responsible for receiving CP because of their misbehavior and; and (d) CP is traditional childrearing means proved through generations. In conclusion, CP in the Ecuadorian middle-class society plays an essential social role because it is a means for cultural transmission. Also, the lack of a definite ban on CP makes it difficult to change beliefs endorsing CP. Based on our findings, we suggest that public policy related to the CP ban should focus on changing beliefs through educative, not punitive, initiatives.
{"title":"Beliefs Supporting Positive Attitudes Toward Corporal Punishment in Ecuadorian Middle-Class Households","authors":"Alexandra Serrano-Flores, Mario Melo Cevallos, Paola Peña Terán, Gabriela León Crespo","doi":"10.1177/08862605241308293","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08862605241308293","url":null,"abstract":"Corporal punishment (CP) is a widely extended practice within Ecuadorian households. However, there is international pressure to ban it, CP is not considered a topic of relevance either for researchers nor public policy, and there is a lack of information about this phenomenon, its causes, and effects in this specific context. That is why this research aims to identify common beliefs supporting CP usage inside homes since beliefs have been found to shape individual behavior at the same time they are socially and culturally produced. Concerning CP, beliefs have a relevant paper determining favorable attitudes for its usage in childrearing. Understanding beliefs could give some clues to designing culturally appropriate means to eradicate this practice. For this research, in-depth interviews were conducted with 24 middle-class, college-educated adults between 20 and 59 years of age residing in the urban areas of Guayaquil and Puyo. It is a qualitative research of grounded theory with axial coding. Data analysis was made through open coding and focused coding methods. As a result, four common beliefs supporting CP were identified: (a) CP is “fair” violence because its goal is to raise good citizens; (b) it is possible to distinguish between “fair” CP and children abuse; (c) children, not parents, are responsible for receiving CP because of their misbehavior and; and (d) CP is traditional childrearing means proved through generations. In conclusion, CP in the Ecuadorian middle-class society plays an essential social role because it is a means for cultural transmission. Also, the lack of a definite ban on CP makes it difficult to change beliefs endorsing CP. Based on our findings, we suggest that public policy related to the CP ban should focus on changing beliefs through educative, not punitive, initiatives.","PeriodicalId":16289,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Interpersonal Violence","volume":"20 1","pages":"8862605241308293"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142887393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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