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Improvement of Analytical Method for Heavy Metals in Sediment by Microwave Digestion 微波消解法测定沉积物中重金属分析方法的改进
Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.2965/jswe.45.171
C. Maruo, Takeshi Watanabe, Toshiaki Tamaki, D. Sano, O. Nishimura
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引用次数: 0
Longitudinal Variations in Macroinvertebrate and Periphyton Communities in a Mountain Stream Receiving Mine Drainage: Are Their Changes in Response to Metal Contamination Different? 高山溪流中大型无脊椎动物和周边植物群落的纵向变化:它们对金属污染的响应是否不同?
Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.2965/jswe.44.115
Hiroyuki Kagawa, Y. Iwasaki, Hiroshi Kimura, Hironobu Inukai, Keiichi Sasaki, Rui Yasuda, T. Yasutaka, Saburo Yamagata, Yuji Kawamura
We investigated longitudinal variations in metal concentrations and in benthic macroinvertebrate and periphyton communities at 13 sites in the tributaries of the upstream Hida River to assess the ecological impacts of mine drainage. At the sites immediately downstream of the inflow of mine drainage, the concentrations of trace metals such as zinc increased ( e.g., the maximum zinc concentration of 0.94 mg L -1 was observed ) , large reductions in the taxon richness and abundance of macroinvertebrates and in the taxon richness of periphyton were observed, and tolerant taxa ( e.g., chironomids and baetid mayflies, and Achnanthidium diatoms ) , which are known to be present in metal-contaminated rivers, dominated their respective communities. Metal concentrations decreased at the downstream sites, and the macroinvertebrate community composition observed at the most downstream site was similar to those at reference sites. Although the longitudinal variations in the taxon richness and community composition of macroinvertebrates and periphyton were similar in the studied river, we observed some differences such as the markedly increased abundance of periphyton at the sites downstream of the inflow of mine discharge. Thus, the investigaton of multiple biological groups is required for a comprehensive understanding of the ecological impacts of mine drainage on aquatic communities.
本文研究了飞田河上游支流13个地点金属浓度的纵向变化,以及大型底栖无脊椎动物和周边植物群落的纵向变化,以评估矿山排水的生态影响。的网站立即下游流入我的排水、锌等微量金属浓度增加(例如,最大锌浓度0.94毫克L 1观察),大减少分类单元丰富性和丰富的大型无脊椎动物和固着生物分类单元丰富的观察,和宽容类群(如chironomids baetid蜉蝣,Achnanthidium硅藻),这是已知的在metal-contaminated河流,统治他们各自的社区。金属浓度在下游站点呈下降趋势,大部分下游站点的大型无脊椎动物群落组成与参考站点相似。研究河流中大型无脊椎动物和周边植物的分类丰富度和群落组成的纵向变化相似,但也存在一些差异,例如在矿井排放物流入下游的站点,周围植物的丰度明显增加。因此,为了全面了解矿井排水对水生生物群落的生态影响,需要对多个生物类群进行调查。
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引用次数: 0
Evaluation of Estimation Accuracy of River Model AIST-SHANEL– For Bisphenol A in the Tama River – 河流模型ist - shanel -对多摩河双酚A估算精度的评价
Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.2965/jswe.44.95
Y. Ishikawa, Yumi Komatsubara, Tomomi Eriguchi
The accuracy of the AIST-SHANEL model for estimating chemical concentrations in river water and sediment was evaluated for bisphenol A in the Tama River from 2017 to 2019 to promote the risk assessment of chemicals in river basins. The estimated river water and sediment concentrations of bisphenol A using the PRTR data were more than one order of magnitude lower than the measured values for both. After confirming the validity of the flow rate, the estimated chemical concentrations in river water and sediment were recalculated by adding the emissions of bisphenol A other than the PRTR data. As a result, the estimated river water concentrations were almost the same as the measured values. Although the concentration in river sediment tended to be underestimated, at about 1/3 of the measurement sites, the estimated concentrations were of the same level as the measured values. To enable further use of the AIST-SHANEL model, it is necessary to accumulate the accuracy evaluation data for more rivers and chemical substances and to examine the validity of the model.
以2017 - 2019年多摩河双酚A为研究对象,对AIST-SHANEL模型估算河流水和沉积物中化学物质浓度的准确性进行了评价,以促进流域化学物质风险评估。使用PRTR数据估计的河水和沉积物双酚A浓度比两者的实测值低一个数量级以上。在确认流量的有效性后,通过添加PRTR数据以外的双酚A排放量,重新计算了河流水和沉积物中估计的化学物质浓度。结果,估计的河水浓度与实测值几乎相同。虽然河流沉积物中的浓度有被低估的趋势,但在约1/3的测点,估计浓度与实测值处于同一水平。为了使AIST-SHANEL模型的进一步应用,需要积累更多的河流和化学物质的精度评价数据,并对模型的有效性进行检验。
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引用次数: 0
Comparison of Trend Analysis Estimate and Measured Toxicity in Fish Acute Toxicity Test of Sodium n-Decyl Sulfate 正癸基硫酸钠鱼类急性毒性试验趋势分析、估测与实测毒性比较
Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.2965/jswe.44.179
Takeshi Matsuura, M. Ono, N. Yakata, Masanori Seki
Recently, it has become possible to select the test concentration range in the fish acute toxicity test using the trend analysis (TA) estimate by a categorical approach, but few studies have been conducted on comparing the TA estimate with the measured toxicity. In this study, we compared the TA estimate[48-h median lethal concentration (LC50)]and the measured toxicity (96-h LC50) of sodium n-decyl sulfate using medaka (Oryzias latipes).Our results indicated that the estimated and experimental values were 310 and 420 mg L, respectively, and the difference was within 1.5 times. Since the alkyl carbon chain length of sodium n-decyl sulfate is outside the range of alkyl carbon chain lengths in existing data, the TA estimate obtained in this study was considered an unreliable extrapolated value. Therefore, there was a concern that the basis for the determination of the concentration range in the definitive test was weak. However, it is considered possible to determine the test concentration in the definitive test with higher accuracy by considering relevant available information (e.g., 96-h LC50 of other fish species) in addition to the TA estimate.
近年来,在鱼类急性毒性试验中,利用分类法的趋势分析(TA)估计值选择试验浓度范围已成为可能,但将TA估计值与实测毒性进行比较的研究较少。在这项研究中,我们比较了TA估计[48小时中位致死浓度(LC50)]和n-decyl硫酸钠使用米达卡(Oryzias latipes)测量的毒性(96小时LC50)。我们的结果表明,估计值为310 mg L,实验值为420 mg L,相差在1.5倍以内。由于正癸基硫酸钠的烷基碳链长度在现有数据的烷基碳链长度范围之外,本研究得出的TA估计值被认为是一个不可靠的外推值。因此,人们担心确定试验中浓度范围的基础薄弱。然而,考虑到相关的可用信息(例如,其他鱼类的96-h LC50),除了TA估计之外,人们认为有可能在最终测试中以更高的准确性确定测试浓度。
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引用次数: 0
Cultivation of Filtered Anaerobically Digested Sewage Sludge under Light Illumination for Improvement of Fertilizer Quality 光照下过滤厌氧消化污泥培养提高肥料质量
Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.2965/JSWE.44.27
Satoshi Suzuki, T. Hidaka, S. Sano, Gen Yoshida, F. Nishimura
The anaerobic co-digestion of sewage sludge and various types of organic waste produces digestate, which can be used directly as fertilizer. The cultivation of photosynthetic bacteria with digestate is focused on to improve the fertilizer quality. After eight months of enrichment with artificial culture media from a seed of sewage sludge, the accumulation of Rhodospirillaceae, which are known to be photosynthetic bacteria, was observed, and the detection ratio to the total number of reads was 55% by sequencing. Filtered digestate liquor from the anaerobic digestion of sewage sludge was continuously cultivated under light illumination, with the seeding of the enrichment culture only at the beginning. The cultivated liquor had a higher pufM gene copy number, which is an indicator of photosynthetic bacteria. Pot experiments showed that grown komatsuna ( Brassica rapa var. perviridis ) had significantly higher ( t-test, p < 0.05 ) fresh weight and ratios of chlorophyll and carotenoid. These results confirmed that the cultivation of filtered digestate liquor under light illumination improves the fertilizer quality. On the other hand, the cultivation of digestate by the anaerobic digestion of sewage sludge under light illumination with the seeding of the enrichment culture only at the beginning resulted in no significant difference in pot experiments. This showed that the cultivation of filtered digestate liquor under light illumination is practical.
污水污泥与各类有机废弃物厌氧共消化产生的消化液可直接用作肥料。研究了利用消化液培养光合细菌以提高肥料品质的方法。以污水污泥种子为原料,用人工培养基富集8个月后,观察到Rhodospirillaceae的积累,已知为光合细菌,经测序检测,其检出率为总reads数的55%。将过滤后的污水污泥厌氧消化的消化液在光照下连续培养,初始只进行富集培养的播种。培养液中pufM基因拷贝数较高,这是光合细菌的一个指标。盆栽试验结果表明,小松(Brassica rapa var. perviridis)鲜重、叶绿素和类胡萝卜素含量显著高于对照(t检验,p < 0.05)。这些结果证实了在光照下培养过滤后的消化液能提高肥料品质。另一方面,在光照下对污泥进行厌氧消化培养消化液,初期只播种富集培养,盆栽试验结果差异不显著。说明在光照条件下培养过滤后的消化液是可行的。
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引用次数: 1
Estimation of Filtration Behavior Based on Simplified Evaluation of Membrane Fouling Characteristics 基于膜污染特性简化评价的过滤行为评价
Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.2965/jswe.44.149
N. Katagiri, Taisei Shinoda, Reina Yamashita, Shoya Fukuchi
We propose a method of estimating the overall behavior of filtration using the fouling index obtained from limited membrane filtration data. The blocking index and plugging constant required for estimating filtration behavior were determined from the fouling mechanism index (FMI) with the aid of the blocking filtration law. The calculated data of the variation over time of the flux decline using the blocking index, plugging constant, and membrane properties were in reasonable agreement with experimental data. It was confirmed that this method can be widely applied to estimate membrane filtration behavior regardless of filtration conditions, such as sample concentration and the type of membrane, and fouling mechanisms, such as membrane pore blocking and cake formation. The calculated data of filtration behavior obtained from the membrane properties and FMI are useful because they can be used to determine the timing of membrane cleaning and membrane replacement.
我们提出了一种利用从有限的膜过滤数据中获得的污染指数来估计过滤总体行为的方法。根据堵塞过滤规律,从结垢机理指数(FMI)出发,确定了评价过滤行为所需的堵塞指数和堵塞常数。利用堵塞指数、堵塞常数和膜性能计算出的通量衰减随时间的变化数据与实验数据吻合较好。结果表明,该方法可以广泛应用于评价膜的过滤行为,而不受样品浓度和膜类型等过滤条件的影响,也不受膜孔堵塞和滤饼形成等污染机制的影响。从膜性能和FMI得到的过滤行为的计算数据是有用的,因为它们可以用来确定膜清洗和膜更换的时间。
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引用次数: 0
Universality of Gluconate as a Hydrogen Donor for Reductive Dechlorination of Chloroethenes 葡萄糖酸盐作为氯乙烯还原脱氯氢供体的普遍性
Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.2965/jswe.44.69
Yuta Fujii, K. Mitsuka, Hiroki Ogata, D. Inoue, M. Ike
The objective of this study was to assess the universality of gluconate as a hydrogen donor for the reductive dechlorination of chloroethenes in groundwater. For this, we conducted trichloroethene (TCE) degradation experiments using five groundwater samples collected from different chloroethenes-contaminated sites as the microbial seed and gluconate as the hydrogen donor. Although the TCE dechlorination rate was different in each groundwater, the number of genes involved in reductive dechlorination increased and chloroethenes were completely dechlorinated in all groundwater samples. In addition, the groundwater sample whose complete reductive dechlorination of TCE took a long time could also be treated by repeated gluconate supplementation, which resulted in rapid complete TCE dechlorination without the accumulation of chloroethene, a harmful metabolite. These results indicate that gluconate is a universal hydrogen donor that enables the complete reductive dechlorination of chloroethenes.
本研究的目的是评估葡萄糖酸盐作为地下水中氯乙烯还原脱氯的氢供体的普遍性。为此,我们以5个不同地点的地下水样品为微生物种子,葡萄糖酸盐为氢供体,进行了三氯乙烯(TCE)降解实验。虽然每种地下水的TCE脱氯率不同,但参与还原性脱氯的基因数量增加,所有地下水样品的氯乙烯都完全脱氯。此外,对于TCE完全还原脱氯时间较长的地下水样品,也可以通过反复补充葡萄糖酸盐进行处理,从而快速完成TCE的完全脱氯,而不会积累有害代谢物氯乙烯。这些结果表明,葡萄糖酸盐是一种通用的氢供体,可以使氯乙烯完全还原脱氯。
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引用次数: 0
Current Status and Issues of Microplastic Pollution Research 微塑料污染研究现状与问题
Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.2965/JSWE.44.35
Yoshiomi Otsuka, H. Takada, Y. Nihei, Y. Kameda, K. Nishikawa
We reviewed the environmental impacts of microplastics, discussed the dynamics of microplastics in the aquatic environment and their impacts on marine ecosystems, and introduced the latest analytical methods for microplastics, especially for samples with small particle sizes. Regarding the situation of microplastics in land areas and rivers, the numerical and mass concentrations of microplastics in rivers all over Japan and the estimated total amount of plastics discharged from Japan’s land areas to the ocean were determined. Regarding the state of microplastics in the sea, the dynamics of microplastics in Tokyo Bay and the uptake of microplastics by marine life were determined. For the analysis of microplastics, the methods of sampling, pretreatment, and equipment measurement and their ploblems were summarized, and a technical perspective was presented. It is essential to clarify the dynamics of microplastics in the environment and their impact on ecosystems in order to plan effective and efficient measures for the proper use and management of plastics in the social system. We hope that the information introduced in this paper will contribute to these activities.
本文综述了微塑料对环境的影响,讨论了微塑料在水生环境中的动态变化及其对海洋生态系统的影响,并介绍了微塑料的最新分析方法,特别是对小粒径样品的分析方法。针对陆地和河流中微塑料的情况,测定了日本各地河流中微塑料的数量和质量浓度,并估算了日本陆地向海洋排放的塑料总量。针对海洋中微塑料的状况,测定了东京湾微塑料的动态和海洋生物对微塑料的吸收。综述了微塑料分析的取样、预处理和设备测量方法及其存在的问题,并提出了技术展望。必须澄清微塑料在环境中的动态及其对生态系统的影响,以便规划有效和高效的措施,在社会系统中正确使用和管理塑料。我们希望本文介绍的信息将有助于这些活动。
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引用次数: 3
Impact of Nutrient Reduction on Organic Matter (COD and TOC) in Coastal Seas 营养物减少对近岸海域有机物(COD和TOC)的影响
Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.2965/jswe.44.135
T. Fujiwara, Motoharu Suzuki, Kei Okubo, K. Nagao
1) Emeritus Professor of Kyoto University, Yoshida-honmachi, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan 2) Osaka Branch Office, IDEA Consultants, Inc., 1-24-22 Nanko-kita, Suminoe-ku, Osaka 559-8519, Japan 3) Hyogo Prefectural Institute of Environmental Sciences, Hyogo Environmental Advancement Association, 3-1-18 Yukihira-cho, Suma-ku, Kobe 654-0037, Japan 4) Institute of Environmental Informatics, IDEA Consultants, Inc., 2-2-2 Hayabuchi, Tsuzuki-ku, Yokohama 224-0025, Japan
1)京都大学名誉教授,日本京都606-8501,坂谷区吉田本町2)IDEA顾问公司大阪分公司,大阪宿野区南古kita 1-24-22,日本559-8519 3)兵库县环境科学研究所,兵库县环境进步协会,日本神户宿野区yukihircho 3-1-18,日本654-0037 4)IDEA顾问公司环境信息学研究所,日本横滨市tsuzuki区Hayabuchi 2-2-2,日本224-0025
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引用次数: 0
Distribution and Seasonal Growth of the Invasive Diatom Cymbella janischii in Tamagawa River System 玉川河水系入侵硅藻小银藻的分布及季节生长
Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.2965/JSWE.44.51
Y. Ishii, Tatsuhiko Masuda, H. Ando, Takashi Yamasaki, H. Kiyosawa
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Journal of Japan Society on Water Environment
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