Hinako Uejima, Takashi Kuboki, Soichi Tanaka, S. Kajikawa
This paper presents a method for applying forging to high-density wood. A cylindrical container was formed using a closed die, and the appropriate conditions for temperature and punch length were evaluated. Ulin, which is a high-density wood, and Japanese cedar, which is a low-density wood and widely used in Japan, were used as test materials. The pressing directions were longitudinal and radial based on wood fiber orientation, and the shape and density of the resulting containers were evaluated. In the case of ulin, cracks decreased by increasing the temperature, while temperature had little effect on Japanese cedar. Containers without cracks were successfully formed by using a punch of appropriate length. The density of the containers was uniform in the punch length l = 20 and 40 mm in the L-directional pressing and l = 20 mm in the R-directional pressing when using ulin, with an average density of 1.34 g/cm3. This result indicates the forging ability of ulin is high compared to that of commonly used low-density woods. In summary, this paper investigated the appropriate parameters for forging with ulin. As a result, products of more uniform density than products made by cutting were obtained.
本文介绍了一种对高密度木材进行锻造的方法。使用封闭模具形成了一个圆柱形容器，并对温度和冲头长度的适当条件进行了评估。试验材料为高密度木材乌林和日本广泛使用的低密度木材日本杉。根据木材纤维的取向，压制方向分为纵向和径向，并对压制出的容器的形状和密度进行了评估。就乌林而言，温度升高裂缝减少，而温度对日本杉木的影响很小。使用适当长度的冲头可以成功地形成没有裂缝的容器。使用 ulin 时，容器的密度在冲头长度 l = 20 和 40 毫米（L 向压制）以及 l = 20 毫米（R 向压制）范围内均匀一致，平均密度为 1.34 克/立方厘米。这一结果表明，与常用的低密度木材相比，ulin 的锻造能力较高。总之，本文研究了使用 ulin 进行锻造的适当参数。其结果是，获得了比切割产品密度更均匀的产品。
{"title":"Deep Container Fabrication by Forging with High- and Low-Density Wood","authors":"Hinako Uejima, Takashi Kuboki, Soichi Tanaka, S. Kajikawa","doi":"10.3390/jmmp8010030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jmmp8010030","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a method for applying forging to high-density wood. A cylindrical container was formed using a closed die, and the appropriate conditions for temperature and punch length were evaluated. Ulin, which is a high-density wood, and Japanese cedar, which is a low-density wood and widely used in Japan, were used as test materials. The pressing directions were longitudinal and radial based on wood fiber orientation, and the shape and density of the resulting containers were evaluated. In the case of ulin, cracks decreased by increasing the temperature, while temperature had little effect on Japanese cedar. Containers without cracks were successfully formed by using a punch of appropriate length. The density of the containers was uniform in the punch length l = 20 and 40 mm in the L-directional pressing and l = 20 mm in the R-directional pressing when using ulin, with an average density of 1.34 g/cm3. This result indicates the forging ability of ulin is high compared to that of commonly used low-density woods. In summary, this paper investigated the appropriate parameters for forging with ulin. As a result, products of more uniform density than products made by cutting were obtained.","PeriodicalId":16319,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139801321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. González-Melo, Omar Alonso Rodríguez-Rodríguez, Bernardo Hernández-Morales, F. Acosta-González
This work presents a heat transfer and boiling model that computes the evolution of the temperature field in a representative steel workpiece quenched from 850 or 930 °C by immersion in water flowing at average velocities of 0.2 or 0.6 m/s, respectively. Under these conditions, all three boiling regimes were present during cooling: stable vapor film, nucleate boiling, and single-phase convection. The model was based on the numerical solution of the heat conduction equation coupled to the solution of the energy and momentum equations for water. The mixture phase approach was adopted using the Lee model to compute the rates of water evaporation–condensation. Heat flux at the wall was calculated for all regimes using a single semi-mechanistic model. Therefore, the evolution of boiling regimes at every position on the wall surface was automatically determined. Predictions were validated using laboratory results, namely: (a) videorecording the upward motion of the wetting front along the workpiece wall surface; and (b) cooling curves obtained with embedded thermocouples in the steel probe. Wall heat flux calculations were used to determine the importance of the simultaneous presence of all three boiling regimes on the heat flux distribution. It was found that this simultaneous presence leads to high heat flux variations that should be avoided in production lines. In addition, it was determined that the corresponding inverse heat conduction problem to estimate the active heat transfer boundary condition must be set-up for 2D heat flow.
{"title":"Numerical Model of Simultaneous Multi-Regime Boiling Quenching of Metals","authors":"M. González-Melo, Omar Alonso Rodríguez-Rodríguez, Bernardo Hernández-Morales, F. Acosta-González","doi":"10.3390/jmmp8010031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jmmp8010031","url":null,"abstract":"This work presents a heat transfer and boiling model that computes the evolution of the temperature field in a representative steel workpiece quenched from 850 or 930 °C by immersion in water flowing at average velocities of 0.2 or 0.6 m/s, respectively. Under these conditions, all three boiling regimes were present during cooling: stable vapor film, nucleate boiling, and single-phase convection. The model was based on the numerical solution of the heat conduction equation coupled to the solution of the energy and momentum equations for water. The mixture phase approach was adopted using the Lee model to compute the rates of water evaporation–condensation. Heat flux at the wall was calculated for all regimes using a single semi-mechanistic model. Therefore, the evolution of boiling regimes at every position on the wall surface was automatically determined. Predictions were validated using laboratory results, namely: (a) videorecording the upward motion of the wetting front along the workpiece wall surface; and (b) cooling curves obtained with embedded thermocouples in the steel probe. Wall heat flux calculations were used to determine the importance of the simultaneous presence of all three boiling regimes on the heat flux distribution. It was found that this simultaneous presence leads to high heat flux variations that should be avoided in production lines. In addition, it was determined that the corresponding inverse heat conduction problem to estimate the active heat transfer boundary condition must be set-up for 2D heat flow.","PeriodicalId":16319,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139860485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Diana Popescu, Mariana Cristiana Iacob, C. Tarbă, D. Laptoiu, C. Cotruț
This article proposes the integration of two novel aspects into the production of 3D-printed customized wrist-hand orthoses. One aspect involves the material, particularly Colorfabb varioShore thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) filament with an active foaming agent, which allows adjusting the 3D-printed orthoses’ mechanical properties via process parameters such as printing temperature. Consequently, within the same printing process, by using a single extrusion nozzle, orthoses with varying stiffness levels can be produced, aiming at both immobilization rigidity and skin-comfortable softness. This capability is harnessed by 3D-printing the orthosis in a flat shape via material extrusion-based additive manufacturing, which represents the other novel aspect. Subsequently, the orthosis conforms to the user’s upper limb shape after secure attachment, or by thermoforming in the case of a bi-material solution. A dedicated design web app, which relies on key patient hand measurement input, is also proposed, differing from the 3D scanning and modeling approach that requires engineering expertise and 3D scan data processing. The evaluation of varioShore TPU orthoses with diverse designs was conducted considering printing time, cost, maximum flexion angle, comfort, and perceived wrist stability as criteria. As some of the produced TPU orthoses lacked the necessary stiffness around the wrist or did not properly fit the palm shape, bi-material orthoses including polylactic acid (PLA) inserts of varying sizes were 3D-printed and assessed, showing an improved stiffness around the wrist and a better hand shape conformity. The findings demonstrated the potential of this innovative approach in creating bi-material upper limb orthoses, capitalizing on various characteristics such as varioShore properties, PLA thermoforming capabilities, and the design flexibility provided by additive manufacturing technology.
本文提出将两个新方面整合到 3D 打印定制腕手矫形器的生产中。一个方面涉及材料，特别是含有活性发泡剂的Colorfabb varioShore热塑性聚氨酯（TPU）长丝，它可以通过打印温度等工艺参数调整3D打印矫形器的机械性能。因此，在同一打印工艺中，通过使用单个挤出喷嘴，可以生产出不同硬度的矫形器，既能达到固定的刚性，又能达到舒适的柔软性。利用这种能力，可以通过基于材料挤压的增材制造技术，将矫形器三维打印成扁平形状，这也是另一个新颖之处。随后，矫形器在固定后与用户的上肢形状相吻合，如果是双材料解决方案，则通过热成型来实现。与需要工程专业知识和三维扫描数据处理的三维扫描和建模方法不同，我们还提出了一种专用的设计网络应用程序，它依赖于关键的患者手部测量输入。在对不同设计的 varioShore TPU 矫正器进行评估时，将打印时间、成本、最大屈曲角度、舒适度和腕部稳定性作为评估标准。由于部分已生产的热塑性聚氨酯矫形器缺乏必要的腕部刚度，或不能很好地贴合手掌形状，因此对包含不同尺寸聚乳酸（PLA）插入物的双材料矫形器进行了三维打印和评估，结果显示腕部刚度得到改善，手掌形状也更加贴合。研究结果表明，这种创新方法可以利用各种特性（如变体海岸特性、聚乳酸热成型能力以及增材制造技术提供的设计灵活性）制造出双材料上肢矫形器。
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Diana Popescu, Mariana Cristiana Iacob, C. Tarbă, D. Laptoiu, C. Cotruț
This article proposes the integration of two novel aspects into the production of 3D-printed customized wrist-hand orthoses. One aspect involves the material, particularly Colorfabb varioShore thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) filament with an active foaming agent, which allows adjusting the 3D-printed orthoses’ mechanical properties via process parameters such as printing temperature. Consequently, within the same printing process, by using a single extrusion nozzle, orthoses with varying stiffness levels can be produced, aiming at both immobilization rigidity and skin-comfortable softness. This capability is harnessed by 3D-printing the orthosis in a flat shape via material extrusion-based additive manufacturing, which represents the other novel aspect. Subsequently, the orthosis conforms to the user’s upper limb shape after secure attachment, or by thermoforming in the case of a bi-material solution. A dedicated design web app, which relies on key patient hand measurement input, is also proposed, differing from the 3D scanning and modeling approach that requires engineering expertise and 3D scan data processing. The evaluation of varioShore TPU orthoses with diverse designs was conducted considering printing time, cost, maximum flexion angle, comfort, and perceived wrist stability as criteria. As some of the produced TPU orthoses lacked the necessary stiffness around the wrist or did not properly fit the palm shape, bi-material orthoses including polylactic acid (PLA) inserts of varying sizes were 3D-printed and assessed, showing an improved stiffness around the wrist and a better hand shape conformity. The findings demonstrated the potential of this innovative approach in creating bi-material upper limb orthoses, capitalizing on various characteristics such as varioShore properties, PLA thermoforming capabilities, and the design flexibility provided by additive manufacturing technology.
本文提出将两个新方面整合到 3D 打印定制腕手矫形器的生产中。一个方面涉及材料，特别是含有活性发泡剂的Colorfabb varioShore热塑性聚氨酯（TPU）长丝，它可以通过打印温度等工艺参数调整3D打印矫形器的机械性能。因此，在同一打印工艺中，通过使用单个挤出喷嘴，可以生产出不同硬度的矫形器，既能达到固定的刚性，又能达到舒适的柔软性。利用这种能力，可以通过基于材料挤压的增材制造技术，将矫形器三维打印成扁平形状，这也是另一个新颖之处。随后，矫形器在固定后与用户的上肢形状相吻合，如果是双材料解决方案，则通过热成型来实现。与需要工程专业知识和三维扫描数据处理的三维扫描和建模方法不同，我们还提出了一种专用的设计网络应用程序，它依赖于关键的患者手部测量输入。在对具有不同设计的 varioShore TPU 矫正器进行评估时，将打印时间、成本、最大弯曲角度、舒适度和腕部稳定性作为评估标准。由于部分已生产的热塑性聚氨酯矫形器缺乏必要的腕部刚度，或不能很好地贴合手掌形状，因此对包含不同尺寸聚乳酸（PLA）插入物的双材料矫形器进行了三维打印和评估，结果显示腕部刚度得到改善，手掌形状也更加贴合。研究结果表明，这种创新方法可以利用各种特性（如变体海岸特性、聚乳酸热成型能力以及增材制造技术提供的设计灵活性）制造出双材料上肢矫形器。
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Guiomar Riu-Perdrix, Andrea Valencia-Cadena, Luis Llanes, J. Roa
Precision edge preparation techniques for cemented carbides enable optimization of the geometry of tools’ cutting edges. These techniques are frequently used in high-stress environments, resulting in substantial improvements in tools’ cutting performance. This investigation examined the impact and evolution of cutting edge parameters and resulting surface finishes as a function of dry-electropolishing time on an end-mill. Findings demonstrate enlargement of the cutting edge radius, a decrease in surface roughness, and the mitigation of defects induced during previous manufacturing stages (i.e., smashed ceramic particles, burrs, chipping, etc.). Additionally, a direct correlation between dry-electropolishing time and primary cutting edges’ micro-geometry parameters has been established.
{"title":"Cemented Carbide End-Mill Edge Preparation Using Dry-Electropolishing","authors":"Guiomar Riu-Perdrix, Andrea Valencia-Cadena, Luis Llanes, J. Roa","doi":"10.3390/jmmp8010028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jmmp8010028","url":null,"abstract":"Precision edge preparation techniques for cemented carbides enable optimization of the geometry of tools’ cutting edges. These techniques are frequently used in high-stress environments, resulting in substantial improvements in tools’ cutting performance. This investigation examined the impact and evolution of cutting edge parameters and resulting surface finishes as a function of dry-electropolishing time on an end-mill. Findings demonstrate enlargement of the cutting edge radius, a decrease in surface roughness, and the mitigation of defects induced during previous manufacturing stages (i.e., smashed ceramic particles, burrs, chipping, etc.). Additionally, a direct correlation between dry-electropolishing time and primary cutting edges’ micro-geometry parameters has been established.","PeriodicalId":16319,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139868052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Guiomar Riu-Perdrix, Andrea Valencia-Cadena, Luis Llanes, J. Roa
Precision edge preparation techniques for cemented carbides enable optimization of the geometry of tools’ cutting edges. These techniques are frequently used in high-stress environments, resulting in substantial improvements in tools’ cutting performance. This investigation examined the impact and evolution of cutting edge parameters and resulting surface finishes as a function of dry-electropolishing time on an end-mill. Findings demonstrate enlargement of the cutting edge radius, a decrease in surface roughness, and the mitigation of defects induced during previous manufacturing stages (i.e., smashed ceramic particles, burrs, chipping, etc.). Additionally, a direct correlation between dry-electropolishing time and primary cutting edges’ micro-geometry parameters has been established.
{"title":"Cemented Carbide End-Mill Edge Preparation Using Dry-Electropolishing","authors":"Guiomar Riu-Perdrix, Andrea Valencia-Cadena, Luis Llanes, J. Roa","doi":"10.3390/jmmp8010028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jmmp8010028","url":null,"abstract":"Precision edge preparation techniques for cemented carbides enable optimization of the geometry of tools’ cutting edges. These techniques are frequently used in high-stress environments, resulting in substantial improvements in tools’ cutting performance. This investigation examined the impact and evolution of cutting edge parameters and resulting surface finishes as a function of dry-electropolishing time on an end-mill. Findings demonstrate enlargement of the cutting edge radius, a decrease in surface roughness, and the mitigation of defects induced during previous manufacturing stages (i.e., smashed ceramic particles, burrs, chipping, etc.). Additionally, a direct correlation between dry-electropolishing time and primary cutting edges’ micro-geometry parameters has been established.","PeriodicalId":16319,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139808147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In incremental sheet forming (ISF), the geometrical accuracy is still a challenge that is only solved for specific applications. The underlying mechanisms of geometrical defects in ISF are very complex and still not fully understood. Nevertheless, the process understanding is constantly evolving. Recent work has shown, for example, how bending moments resulting from residual stresses affect geometric accuracy. It has become clear that resulting bending moments with an axis parallel to the main tool path direction are dominant. Based on that, the current paper investigates the hypothesis that linear and parallel tool paths lead to an unfavourable accumulation of residual bending moments along a common axis, and whether this accumulation effect can be reduced by wave-shaped tool paths. Thus, the described research investigates the influence of novel path strategies on the residual bending moments and the resulting geometrical deviations. The path strategies are based on wave-shaped path lines, whereas the curvature is within the sheet plane. The investigations focussed on a rectangular sheet that is clamped at its shortest edges and a part geometry-sensitive to springback. Experimental and numerical investigations show a significantly positive influence of some investigated path strategies on the geometric deviation, compared to a conventional path strategy.
{"title":"On the Influence of Wave-Shaped Tool Path Strategies on Geometric Accuracy in Incremental Sheet Forming","authors":"Thomas Bremen, David Benjamin Bailly","doi":"10.3390/jmmp8010027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jmmp8010027","url":null,"abstract":"In incremental sheet forming (ISF), the geometrical accuracy is still a challenge that is only solved for specific applications. The underlying mechanisms of geometrical defects in ISF are very complex and still not fully understood. Nevertheless, the process understanding is constantly evolving. Recent work has shown, for example, how bending moments resulting from residual stresses affect geometric accuracy. It has become clear that resulting bending moments with an axis parallel to the main tool path direction are dominant. Based on that, the current paper investigates the hypothesis that linear and parallel tool paths lead to an unfavourable accumulation of residual bending moments along a common axis, and whether this accumulation effect can be reduced by wave-shaped tool paths. Thus, the described research investigates the influence of novel path strategies on the residual bending moments and the resulting geometrical deviations. The path strategies are based on wave-shaped path lines, whereas the curvature is within the sheet plane. The investigations focussed on a rectangular sheet that is clamped at its shortest edges and a part geometry-sensitive to springback. Experimental and numerical investigations show a significantly positive influence of some investigated path strategies on the geometric deviation, compared to a conventional path strategy.","PeriodicalId":16319,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139877571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In incremental sheet forming (ISF), the geometrical accuracy is still a challenge that is only solved for specific applications. The underlying mechanisms of geometrical defects in ISF are very complex and still not fully understood. Nevertheless, the process understanding is constantly evolving. Recent work has shown, for example, how bending moments resulting from residual stresses affect geometric accuracy. It has become clear that resulting bending moments with an axis parallel to the main tool path direction are dominant. Based on that, the current paper investigates the hypothesis that linear and parallel tool paths lead to an unfavourable accumulation of residual bending moments along a common axis, and whether this accumulation effect can be reduced by wave-shaped tool paths. Thus, the described research investigates the influence of novel path strategies on the residual bending moments and the resulting geometrical deviations. The path strategies are based on wave-shaped path lines, whereas the curvature is within the sheet plane. The investigations focussed on a rectangular sheet that is clamped at its shortest edges and a part geometry-sensitive to springback. Experimental and numerical investigations show a significantly positive influence of some investigated path strategies on the geometric deviation, compared to a conventional path strategy.
{"title":"On the Influence of Wave-Shaped Tool Path Strategies on Geometric Accuracy in Incremental Sheet Forming","authors":"Thomas Bremen, David Benjamin Bailly","doi":"10.3390/jmmp8010027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jmmp8010027","url":null,"abstract":"In incremental sheet forming (ISF), the geometrical accuracy is still a challenge that is only solved for specific applications. The underlying mechanisms of geometrical defects in ISF are very complex and still not fully understood. Nevertheless, the process understanding is constantly evolving. Recent work has shown, for example, how bending moments resulting from residual stresses affect geometric accuracy. It has become clear that resulting bending moments with an axis parallel to the main tool path direction are dominant. Based on that, the current paper investigates the hypothesis that linear and parallel tool paths lead to an unfavourable accumulation of residual bending moments along a common axis, and whether this accumulation effect can be reduced by wave-shaped tool paths. Thus, the described research investigates the influence of novel path strategies on the residual bending moments and the resulting geometrical deviations. The path strategies are based on wave-shaped path lines, whereas the curvature is within the sheet plane. The investigations focussed on a rectangular sheet that is clamped at its shortest edges and a part geometry-sensitive to springback. Experimental and numerical investigations show a significantly positive influence of some investigated path strategies on the geometric deviation, compared to a conventional path strategy.","PeriodicalId":16319,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139817591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To produce additively manufactured components, various process advantages can be combined by using the tungsten inert gas (TIG) hot wire process with ohmic wire preheating. Unlike other various gas metal arc welding processes, with TIG, it is possible to influence the material properties by decoupling the energy supply and the welding filler material. Compared to the conventional TIG cold wire process, the hot wire process can achieve an increased deposition rate. To be able to use this combined process for the manufacturing of filigree components consisting of steel and titanium alloys, a system concept with a hermetically sealed welding chamber was developed. This concept is particularly designed for an individual use and is also intended to be used for producing prototypes and small quantities. In the investigations, the application of the TIG hot wire process is explored, regarding the material properties to be achieved in combination with the manufacturing plant concept developed with a sealed welding chamber. In this context, the mechanical-technological properties and detailed microstructural analyses are determined based on selected welding tests to evaluate and further develop the quality of the components produced. A final transfer of the findings to the process behavior by optimizing the interaction of the process parameters considered should lead to an increase in productivity, robustness, and reproducibility. The experimental setup’s potential for applicability in the field of additive manufacturing will be demonstrated based on this elaboration.
{"title":"Investigation of Generatively Manufactured Components in a Sealed Welding Chamber Using the Tungsten Inert Gas Hot Wire Process","authors":"Silvia Imrich, K. Treutler, V. Wesling","doi":"10.3390/jmmp8010024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jmmp8010024","url":null,"abstract":"To produce additively manufactured components, various process advantages can be combined by using the tungsten inert gas (TIG) hot wire process with ohmic wire preheating. Unlike other various gas metal arc welding processes, with TIG, it is possible to influence the material properties by decoupling the energy supply and the welding filler material. Compared to the conventional TIG cold wire process, the hot wire process can achieve an increased deposition rate. To be able to use this combined process for the manufacturing of filigree components consisting of steel and titanium alloys, a system concept with a hermetically sealed welding chamber was developed. This concept is particularly designed for an individual use and is also intended to be used for producing prototypes and small quantities. In the investigations, the application of the TIG hot wire process is explored, regarding the material properties to be achieved in combination with the manufacturing plant concept developed with a sealed welding chamber. In this context, the mechanical-technological properties and detailed microstructural analyses are determined based on selected welding tests to evaluate and further develop the quality of the components produced. A final transfer of the findings to the process behavior by optimizing the interaction of the process parameters considered should lead to an increase in productivity, robustness, and reproducibility. The experimental setup’s potential for applicability in the field of additive manufacturing will be demonstrated based on this elaboration.","PeriodicalId":16319,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140478555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Suhas Alkunte, Ismail Fidan, Vivekanand Naikwadi, Shamil Gudavasov, Mohammad Alshaikh Ali, Mushfig Mahmudov, S. Hasanov, Muralimohan Cheepu
This paper thoroughly examines the advancements and challenges in the field of additively manufactured Functionally Graded Materials (FGMs). It delves into conceptual approaches for FGM design, various manufacturing techniques, and the materials employed in their fabrication using additive manufacturing (AM) technologies. This paper explores the applications of FGMs in diverse fields, including structural engineering, automotive, biomedical engineering, soft robotics, electronics, 4D printing, and metamaterials. Critical issues and challenges associated with FGMs are meticulously analyzed, addressing concerns related to production and performance. Moreover, this paper forecasts future trends in FGM development, highlighting potential impacts on diverse industries. The concluding section summarizes key findings, emphasizing the significance of FGMs in the context of AM technologies. This review provides valuable insights to researchers, practitioners, and stakeholders, enhancing their understanding of FGMs and their role in the evolving landscape of AM.
本文深入探讨了增材制造功能分级材料（FGM）领域的进步与挑战。它深入探讨了 FGM 设计的概念方法、各种制造技术以及使用增材制造 (AM) 技术制造 FGM 所采用的材料。本文探讨了 FGM 在不同领域的应用，包括结构工程、汽车、生物医学工程、软机器人、电子、4D 打印和超材料。本文细致分析了与 FGM 相关的关键问题和挑战，解决了与生产和性能相关的问题。此外，本文还预测了粉末成型材料的未来发展趋势，强调了其对各行各业的潜在影响。结论部分总结了主要研究成果，强调了在 AM 技术背景下 FGM 的重要性。这篇综述为研究人员、从业人员和利益相关者提供了宝贵的见解，加深了他们对 FGM 及其在不断发展的 AM 技术中的作用的理解。
{"title":"Advancements and Challenges in Additively Manufactured Functionally Graded Materials: A Comprehensive Review","authors":"Suhas Alkunte, Ismail Fidan, Vivekanand Naikwadi, Shamil Gudavasov, Mohammad Alshaikh Ali, Mushfig Mahmudov, S. Hasanov, Muralimohan Cheepu","doi":"10.3390/jmmp8010023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jmmp8010023","url":null,"abstract":"This paper thoroughly examines the advancements and challenges in the field of additively manufactured Functionally Graded Materials (FGMs). It delves into conceptual approaches for FGM design, various manufacturing techniques, and the materials employed in their fabrication using additive manufacturing (AM) technologies. This paper explores the applications of FGMs in diverse fields, including structural engineering, automotive, biomedical engineering, soft robotics, electronics, 4D printing, and metamaterials. Critical issues and challenges associated with FGMs are meticulously analyzed, addressing concerns related to production and performance. Moreover, this paper forecasts future trends in FGM development, highlighting potential impacts on diverse industries. The concluding section summarizes key findings, emphasizing the significance of FGMs in the context of AM technologies. This review provides valuable insights to researchers, practitioners, and stakeholders, enhancing their understanding of FGMs and their role in the evolving landscape of AM.","PeriodicalId":16319,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140484377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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