Marine engineers measure the liquid level (sounding depth) to calculate the volumetric content of a ship's tank. The sounding depth is determined using an ullage pipe located at specific points on the tanks. To estimate the accurate volume of liquid, considering the ship's trim and heel conditions, engineers use a tank table (sounding table) consisting of hundreds of pages. However, this method is time-consuming and lacks intermediate values for sounding depth, trim, and heel. Ship designers recommend to use linear interpolation for intermediate values, yet this process is also time-consuming. This paper proposes the implementation of an Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) to digitize the sounding table. To our knowledge, we are the first to apply the ANFIS method to develop a model for liquid volume in non-uniform geometric tanks, accounting for different trim and heel conditions of the vessel. In this study, the digitization of the sounding table using ANFIS is referred to as the Smart Sounding Table (SST). SST's accuracy is validated against experimental values, revealing an R-squared value of 0.9999, a mean absolute percentage error of 0.3515, and a root mean square error of 0.0366. These metrics clearly show that the SST algorithm accurately and reliably models experimental data. Marine engineers input three parameters (sounding depth, trim, and heel) into the SST, enabling rapid and accurate determination of liquid volume in their tanks, without the need for interpolation or exhaustive page searches.
{"title":"Smart Sounding Table Using Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System","authors":"Osman Ünal, Nuri Akkaş","doi":"10.51400/2709-6998.2703","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51400/2709-6998.2703","url":null,"abstract":"Marine engineers measure the liquid level (sounding depth) to calculate the volumetric content of a ship's tank. The sounding depth is determined using an ullage pipe located at specific points on the tanks. To estimate the accurate volume of liquid, considering the ship's trim and heel conditions, engineers use a tank table (sounding table) consisting of hundreds of pages. However, this method is time-consuming and lacks intermediate values for sounding depth, trim, and heel. Ship designers recommend to use linear interpolation for intermediate values, yet this process is also time-consuming. This paper proposes the implementation of an Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) to digitize the sounding table. To our knowledge, we are the first to apply the ANFIS method to develop a model for liquid volume in non-uniform geometric tanks, accounting for different trim and heel conditions of the vessel. In this study, the digitization of the sounding table using ANFIS is referred to as the Smart Sounding Table (SST). SST's accuracy is validated against experimental values, revealing an R-squared value of 0.9999, a mean absolute percentage error of 0.3515, and a root mean square error of 0.0366. These metrics clearly show that the SST algorithm accurately and reliably models experimental data. Marine engineers input three parameters (sounding depth, trim, and heel) into the SST, enabling rapid and accurate determination of liquid volume in their tanks, without the need for interpolation or exhaustive page searches.","PeriodicalId":16334,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Marine Science and Technology","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135739899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper examines major factors of coastal erosion and measures against beach erosion at Kezailiao Coast, Taiwan. Typical examples of coastal erosion due to natural or man-made factors are reviewed. Case studies of countermeasure for beach erosion are addressed. We further analyze and discuss historical shoreline and coastal cliff recession as a result of the attack of storm surges and waves. The coastline mainly made up of cliffs (2-3m high), made of soft, easily eroded boulder sand and clay. In total, 3km of land have been lost since 1951, including villages and farm buildings. The most important impacts of beach erosion at the Kezailiao Coast include beach erosion, wave overtopping, coastal flooding, and damage to homes built on properties. This study investigates the impacts of coastal damage and examines various measures adopted in response to coastal erosion during the past 60 years at the Kezailiao Coast. We presented the prevention work through the hard soft solution against beach erosion based on their effectiveness in protecting life, property, and harmony with the adjacent environment. Key parameters for design and effectives of a submerged breakwater is in terms of different dimensionless terms are studied and discussed. Alternative defense solutions for the submerged breakwaters are suggested.
{"title":"Case Study of Coastal Erosion and Measures at Kezailiao Coast, Taiwan","authors":"Tai-Wen Hsu, Yi-Tse Tu, Jen-Yi Chang","doi":"10.51400/2709-6998.2702","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51400/2709-6998.2702","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines major factors of coastal erosion and measures against beach erosion at Kezailiao Coast, Taiwan. Typical examples of coastal erosion due to natural or man-made factors are reviewed. Case studies of countermeasure for beach erosion are addressed. We further analyze and discuss historical shoreline and coastal cliff recession as a result of the attack of storm surges and waves. The coastline mainly made up of cliffs (2-3m high), made of soft, easily eroded boulder sand and clay. In total, 3km of land have been lost since 1951, including villages and farm buildings. The most important impacts of beach erosion at the Kezailiao Coast include beach erosion, wave overtopping, coastal flooding, and damage to homes built on properties. This study investigates the impacts of coastal damage and examines various measures adopted in response to coastal erosion during the past 60 years at the Kezailiao Coast. We presented the prevention work through the hard soft solution against beach erosion based on their effectiveness in protecting life, property, and harmony with the adjacent environment. Key parameters for design and effectives of a submerged breakwater is in terms of different dimensionless terms are studied and discussed. Alternative defense solutions for the submerged breakwaters are suggested.","PeriodicalId":16334,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Marine Science and Technology","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135740098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study used clinker, ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBS), and gypsum in a cement-grinding system to produce GGBS cement (GCE). Gypsum was used as the alkaline activator to modify the surface area of GCE and increase its compressive strength. The results revealed that the use of the gypsum activator and the modification of the surface area of GCE effectively increased the formerly inadequate compressive strength of GCE (GGBS > 60%) in the early stage. In addition, energy consumption data were obtained during the production of GCE and Portland cement (PCE) by the cement-grinding system. The calculations concerning the production proportions indicated that when GCE was produced in place of PCE, the overall demand for clinker fell by 65%. By comparison, the total energy consumption per ton of production decreased from 1539 to 602 kWh, and CO2 emissions decreased from 0.78 to 0.31 tons. Furthermore, energy efficiency and carbon-reduction efficiency both reached 60.9%. In summary, the production of GCE through the proposed cement-grinding system appears to be feasible and able to considerably increase the energy efficiency and carbon reduction efficiency of cement production.
{"title":"Production of ground granulated blast-furnace slag cement: Energy and carbon reduction efficiency of cement-grinding system","authors":"Kuan-Hung Lin, Chung-Chia Yang","doi":"10.51400/2709-6998.2696","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51400/2709-6998.2696","url":null,"abstract":"This study used clinker, ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBS), and gypsum in a cement-grinding system to produce GGBS cement (GCE). Gypsum was used as the alkaline activator to modify the surface area of GCE and increase its compressive strength. The results revealed that the use of the gypsum activator and the modification of the surface area of GCE effectively increased the formerly inadequate compressive strength of GCE (GGBS > 60%) in the early stage. In addition, energy consumption data were obtained during the production of GCE and Portland cement (PCE) by the cement-grinding system. The calculations concerning the production proportions indicated that when GCE was produced in place of PCE, the overall demand for clinker fell by 65%. By comparison, the total energy consumption per ton of production decreased from 1539 to 602 kWh, and CO2 emissions decreased from 0.78 to 0.31 tons. Furthermore, energy efficiency and carbon-reduction efficiency both reached 60.9%. In summary, the production of GCE through the proposed cement-grinding system appears to be feasible and able to considerably increase the energy efficiency and carbon reduction efficiency of cement production.","PeriodicalId":16334,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Marine Science and Technology","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135740099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-29DOI: 10.1007/s00773-023-00958-1
Jianming Miao, Wenchao Liu, Chao Peng, Xingyu Sun
{"title":"Robust path-following control of the underactuated AUV with multiple uncertainties using combined UDE and UKF","authors":"Jianming Miao, Wenchao Liu, Chao Peng, Xingyu Sun","doi":"10.1007/s00773-023-00958-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00773-023-00958-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16334,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Marine Science and Technology","volume":"131 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135200019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-19DOI: 10.1007/s00773-023-00959-0
P. R. Jayasree, V. Ravikumar Pandi, Hatem Zein El din, Gopinath Selvaraj
{"title":"Event-triggered coupled control of unmanned surface vehicle (USV) for setpoint tracking with linear event threshold","authors":"P. R. Jayasree, V. Ravikumar Pandi, Hatem Zein El din, Gopinath Selvaraj","doi":"10.1007/s00773-023-00959-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00773-023-00959-0","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16334,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Marine Science and Technology","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135014726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-14DOI: 10.1007/s00773-023-00956-3
Qirong Tang, Daopeng Jin, Rong Luo, Rui Tao, Chonglun Li, Jiang Li, Minghao Liu, Chuan Wang
{"title":"Tracking control of an underwater manipulator using active disturbance rejection","authors":"Qirong Tang, Daopeng Jin, Rong Luo, Rui Tao, Chonglun Li, Jiang Li, Minghao Liu, Chuan Wang","doi":"10.1007/s00773-023-00956-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00773-023-00956-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16334,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Marine Science and Technology","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134912402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-14DOI: 10.1007/s00773-023-00960-7
Xiaohong Li, Shuanghe Yu
{"title":"Comparison of biological swarm intelligence algorithms for AUVs for three-dimensional path planning in ocean currents’ conditions","authors":"Xiaohong Li, Shuanghe Yu","doi":"10.1007/s00773-023-00960-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00773-023-00960-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16334,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Marine Science and Technology","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134912275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-09DOI: 10.1007/s00773-023-00957-2
Srinivasan Chandrasekaran, Rajiv Sharma, N. Muthu Selvakumar
{"title":"Dynamic analysis of drillship under extreme metocean hurricane condition in ultra-deep water","authors":"Srinivasan Chandrasekaran, Rajiv Sharma, N. Muthu Selvakumar","doi":"10.1007/s00773-023-00957-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00773-023-00957-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16334,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Marine Science and Technology","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136191863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-08DOI: 10.1007/s00773-023-00947-4
Selim Baştürk, Sercan Erol
The impact of fuel consumption on merchant ships is categorized in both economic and environmental ways in terms of sustainable blue growth. Apart from the economic benefits of reducing fuel consumption, attention should be paid to related environmental concerns with ship fuels. As a result of global regulations and agreements concerning mitigating greenhouse gases on board, such as the International Maritime Organization and Paris Agreement, ships have to take a step to reduce fuel consumption to adopt these regulations. The present study aims to determine optimal speed diversity depending on ships' cargo amounts and wind-sea states to reduce fuel consumption. Within this context, one-year voyage data from two model sister Ro-Ro cargo ships were used, including daily ship speed, daily fuel consumption, ballast water consumption, total ship cargo consumption, sea state, and wind state. The genetic algorithm method was used to determine the optimal diversity rate. In conclusion, after speed optimization, optimum speed result values are calculated between 16.59 and 17.29 knots; thus, approximately 18% of exhaust gas emissions were also reduced.
{"title":"Optimizing ship speed depending on cargo and wind-sea conditions for sustainable blue growth and climate change mitigation.","authors":"Selim Baştürk, Sercan Erol","doi":"10.1007/s00773-023-00947-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00773-023-00947-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The impact of fuel consumption on merchant ships is categorized in both economic and environmental ways in terms of sustainable blue growth. Apart from the economic benefits of reducing fuel consumption, attention should be paid to related environmental concerns with ship fuels. As a result of global regulations and agreements concerning mitigating greenhouse gases on board, such as the International Maritime Organization and Paris Agreement, ships have to take a step to reduce fuel consumption to adopt these regulations. The present study aims to determine optimal speed diversity depending on ships' cargo amounts and wind-sea states to reduce fuel consumption. Within this context, one-year voyage data from two model sister Ro-Ro cargo ships were used, including daily ship speed, daily fuel consumption, ballast water consumption, total ship cargo consumption, sea state, and wind state. The genetic algorithm method was used to determine the optimal diversity rate. In conclusion, after speed optimization, optimum speed result values are calculated between 16.59 and 17.29 knots; thus, approximately 18% of exhaust gas emissions were also reduced.</p>","PeriodicalId":16334,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Marine Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":"1-16"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10248963/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9716754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this study, a comprehensive index for evaluating the degree of coastal traffic safety by simultaneously considering marine accident frequency, severity, and traffic volume was considered. To do so, the concept of Equivalent Property Damage Only (EPDO), which is widely used in the road transportation industry, was benchmarked to assess both frequency and severity of accidents. In addition, the total sailing distance of ships was chosen as a variable to explain traffic volume. Finally, a composite performance indicator called "M-EPDO per nautical mile" was built up, enabling the safety performance score for each type of ships in three criteria: on-board personnel safety, ship safety, and navigational safety, to be calculated. When the index was applied to 12 administratively-divided zones in Korea waters, the most vulnerable zone for safety and the type of ship with the lowest level of each criterion could be identified based on the index scores. Consequently, it is expected that this index will be an effective decision-making tool for selecting key targets to promote coastal traffic safety performance.
{"title":"Coastal Traffic Safety Index Based on Marine Accident and Traffic Records","authors":"Joohwan Kim, Sang-Lok Yoo","doi":"10.51400/2709-6998.2704","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51400/2709-6998.2704","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, a comprehensive index for evaluating the degree of coastal traffic safety by simultaneously considering marine accident frequency, severity, and traffic volume was considered. To do so, the concept of Equivalent Property Damage Only (EPDO), which is widely used in the road transportation industry, was benchmarked to assess both frequency and severity of accidents. In addition, the total sailing distance of ships was chosen as a variable to explain traffic volume. Finally, a composite performance indicator called \"M-EPDO per nautical mile\" was built up, enabling the safety performance score for each type of ships in three criteria: on-board personnel safety, ship safety, and navigational safety, to be calculated. When the index was applied to 12 administratively-divided zones in Korea waters, the most vulnerable zone for safety and the type of ship with the lowest level of each criterion could be identified based on the index scores. Consequently, it is expected that this index will be an effective decision-making tool for selecting key targets to promote coastal traffic safety performance.","PeriodicalId":16334,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Marine Science and Technology","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135954551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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