Pub Date : 2017-07-27DOI: 10.1142/S2251237317500010
Santu Das, Soumyajit Roy
Finding an alternative energy resource which can produce clean energy at a low cost is one of the major concerns of our times. The conversion of light energy into chemical energy is one key step forward in the direction. With that end in view photochemical water oxidation to produce oxygen plays a crucial role. In the present paper we have synthesized a soft oxometalate {PMo12O40@Mo72Fe30}n(1) from its well-known precursor polyoxometalate constituent [Muller et al., Chem. Commun. 1, 657 (2001)]. It is known that in the matter of catalysis, high surface area, possibility of heterogenization, recoverability makes soft oxometalates (SOMs) attractive as catalytic materials. Here we exploit such advantages of SOMs. The SOM based material acts as an active catalyst for photochemical water oxidation reaction with a maximum turnover number of 20256 and turnover frequency of 24.11min−1. The catalyst material is stable under photochemical reaction conditions and therefore can be reused for multiple photo catalytic water oxidation reaction cycles.
{"title":"Photochemical Water Oxidation Using {PMo12O40@Mo72Fe30}n Based Soft Oxometalate","authors":"Santu Das, Soumyajit Roy","doi":"10.1142/S2251237317500010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/S2251237317500010","url":null,"abstract":"Finding an alternative energy resource which can produce clean energy at a low cost is one of the major concerns of our times. The conversion of light energy into chemical energy is one key step forward in the direction. With that end in view photochemical water oxidation to produce oxygen plays a crucial role. In the present paper we have synthesized a soft oxometalate {PMo12O40@Mo72Fe30}n(1) from its well-known precursor polyoxometalate constituent [Muller et al., Chem. Commun. 1, 657 (2001)]. It is known that in the matter of catalysis, high surface area, possibility of heterogenization, recoverability makes soft oxometalates (SOMs) attractive as catalytic materials. Here we exploit such advantages of SOMs. The SOM based material acts as an active catalyst for photochemical water oxidation reaction with a maximum turnover number of 20256 and turnover frequency of 24.11min−1. The catalyst material is stable under photochemical reaction conditions and therefore can be reused for multiple photo catalytic water oxidation reaction cycles.","PeriodicalId":16406,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Molecular and Engineering Materials","volume":"05 1","pages":"1750001"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2017-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1142/S2251237317500010","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42137802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-07-27DOI: 10.1142/S2251237317400056
Shuyun Chng, M. Moloney, L. Wu
Functional materials are available by the post-polymerization surface modification of diverse polymers in a three-step process mediated, firstly, by carbene insertion chemistry, secondly, by diazonium coupling, and thirdly by modification with a remotely tethered spiropyran unit, and these materials may be used for the reversible binding and release of Penicillin V. Surface loading densities of up to 0.19mmol/g polymer are achievable, leading to materials with higher loading densities and release behavior relative to unmodified controls, and observable antibacterial biocidal activity.
{"title":"Antibacterial Drug Releasing Materials by Post-Polymerization Surface Modification","authors":"Shuyun Chng, M. Moloney, L. Wu","doi":"10.1142/S2251237317400056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/S2251237317400056","url":null,"abstract":"Functional materials are available by the post-polymerization surface modification of diverse polymers in a three-step process mediated, firstly, by carbene insertion chemistry, secondly, by diazonium coupling, and thirdly by modification with a remotely tethered spiropyran unit, and these materials may be used for the reversible binding and release of Penicillin V. Surface loading densities of up to 0.19mmol/g polymer are achievable, leading to materials with higher loading densities and release behavior relative to unmodified controls, and observable antibacterial biocidal activity.","PeriodicalId":16406,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Molecular and Engineering Materials","volume":"05 1","pages":"1740005"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2017-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1142/S2251237317400056","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43256460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-07-27DOI: 10.1142/S2251237317500034
Xiangyang Peng, Li Zijian, Feng Zheng, Ni Zhang, Zhen Huang, P. Fang
A series of silicone rubber samples with different cyclosiloxanes contents have been successfully prepared, and their hydrophobic recovery behaviors and mechanism were investigated in detail. The gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy technique after Soxhlet extraction was utilized to examine the low molecular weight siloxanes in the sample, SEM was used to observe the surface morphology of the silicone rubber influenced by plasma treatment, and contact angle measurement was applied to probe the hydrophobic recovery of the sample surface after plasma treatment at different storage temperatures. The storage time-dependent contact angle of water can be well fitted by the diffusion model calculated from Fick’s second law. The results imply that the hydrophobic recovery of silicone rubber is related to the diffusion of low molecular weight siloxanes, while larger content or higher temperature can induce faster hydrophobic recovery.
{"title":"Effect of Ambient Temperature on Hydrophobic Recovery Behavior of Silicone Rubber Composites","authors":"Xiangyang Peng, Li Zijian, Feng Zheng, Ni Zhang, Zhen Huang, P. Fang","doi":"10.1142/S2251237317500034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/S2251237317500034","url":null,"abstract":"A series of silicone rubber samples with different cyclosiloxanes contents have been successfully prepared, and their hydrophobic recovery behaviors and mechanism were investigated in detail. The gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy technique after Soxhlet extraction was utilized to examine the low molecular weight siloxanes in the sample, SEM was used to observe the surface morphology of the silicone rubber influenced by plasma treatment, and contact angle measurement was applied to probe the hydrophobic recovery of the sample surface after plasma treatment at different storage temperatures. The storage time-dependent contact angle of water can be well fitted by the diffusion model calculated from Fick’s second law. The results imply that the hydrophobic recovery of silicone rubber is related to the diffusion of low molecular weight siloxanes, while larger content or higher temperature can induce faster hydrophobic recovery.","PeriodicalId":16406,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Molecular and Engineering Materials","volume":"05 1","pages":"1750003"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2017-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1142/S2251237317500034","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45927876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-07-27DOI: 10.1142/S2251237317500022
I. Abbas, A. Hobiny
In the present work, the investigating of the disturbances in a homogeneous, transversely isotropic elastic medium with generalized thermoelastic theory has been concerned. The formulation is applied to generalized thermoelasticity based on three different theories. Laplace and Fourier transforms are used to solve the problem analytically. The essential equations have been written as a vector-matrix differential equation in the Laplace transform domain, then solved by an eigenvalue approach. The inverses of Fourier transforms are obtained analytically. The result is used to solve a specific two-dimensional problem. The technique is illustrated by means of several numerical experiments performed. The results were verified numerically and are plotted.
{"title":"Eigenvalue Approach in a Generalized Thermal Shock Problem for a Transversely Isotropic Half-Space","authors":"I. Abbas, A. Hobiny","doi":"10.1142/S2251237317500022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/S2251237317500022","url":null,"abstract":"In the present work, the investigating of the disturbances in a homogeneous, transversely isotropic elastic medium with generalized thermoelastic theory has been concerned. The formulation is applied to generalized thermoelasticity based on three different theories. Laplace and Fourier transforms are used to solve the problem analytically. The essential equations have been written as a vector-matrix differential equation in the Laplace transform domain, then solved by an eigenvalue approach. The inverses of Fourier transforms are obtained analytically. The result is used to solve a specific two-dimensional problem. The technique is illustrated by means of several numerical experiments performed. The results were verified numerically and are plotted.","PeriodicalId":16406,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Molecular and Engineering Materials","volume":"05 1","pages":"1750002"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2017-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1142/S2251237317500022","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49555732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-07-27DOI: 10.1142/S2251237317400068
C. Wong, A. Dolzhenko, Sui-Mae Lee, D. Young
Antimicrobial resistance poses one of the most serious global challenges of our age. Cyclodextrins (CDs) are widely utilized excipients in formulations because of their solubilizing properties, low toxicity, and low inflammatory response. This review summarizes recent investigations of antimicrobial agents involving CDs and CD-based antimicrobial materials. CDs have been employed for antimicrobial applications either through formation of inclusion complexes or by chemical modification of their hydroxyl groups to tailor pharmaceutically active compounds. Applications of these CD inclusion complexes include drug delivery, antimicrobial coatings on materials (e.g., biomedical devices and implants) and antimicrobial dressings that help to prevent wound infections. There are relatively limited studies of chemically modified CDs with antimicrobial activity. The mechanism of action of antimicrobial CD inclusion complexes and derivatives needs further elucidation, but activity of CDs and their derivatives is often associated with their interaction with bacterial cell membranes.
{"title":"Cyclodextrins: A Weapon in the Fight Against Antimicrobial Resistance","authors":"C. Wong, A. Dolzhenko, Sui-Mae Lee, D. Young","doi":"10.1142/S2251237317400068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/S2251237317400068","url":null,"abstract":"Antimicrobial resistance poses one of the most serious global challenges of our age. Cyclodextrins (CDs) are widely utilized excipients in formulations because of their solubilizing properties, low toxicity, and low inflammatory response. This review summarizes recent investigations of antimicrobial agents involving CDs and CD-based antimicrobial materials. CDs have been employed for antimicrobial applications either through formation of inclusion complexes or by chemical modification of their hydroxyl groups to tailor pharmaceutically active compounds. Applications of these CD inclusion complexes include drug delivery, antimicrobial coatings on materials (e.g., biomedical devices and implants) and antimicrobial dressings that help to prevent wound infections. There are relatively limited studies of chemically modified CDs with antimicrobial activity. The mechanism of action of antimicrobial CD inclusion complexes and derivatives needs further elucidation, but activity of CDs and their derivatives is often associated with their interaction with bacterial cell membranes.","PeriodicalId":16406,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Molecular and Engineering Materials","volume":"5 1","pages":"1740006"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2017-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1142/S2251237317400068","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43635737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-07-27DOI: 10.1142/S2251237317500046
R. Vettumperumal, S. Kalyanaraman, R. Thangavel
Nanocrystalline ruthenium (Ru)-doped ZnO thin films on sapphire substrate was prepared using sol–gel method by spin coating technique. The structural and I-V characteristics of Ru doped ZnO thin films were studied from the X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis and Raman spectroscopy. X-ray diffraction (XRD) results revealed that the deposited films belonged to hexagonal wurtzite structure with c-axis orientation. It is also confirmed from the Raman spectra. Enhancement of longitudinal optical (LO) phonon is observed by the strong electron–phonon interaction. An observed increment in sheet resistance with increase in dopant percentage of Ru (1–2mol%) in ZnO films was found and better I-V characteristic behavior was observed at 1mol% of Ru-doped ZnO thin films. Trap limited current flow inside the material was calculated from the log I versus log V plot in the higher voltage region.
{"title":"Effect of Ruthenium Concentration on Structural and I-V Characteristics of ZnO Thin Films by Sol–Gel Method","authors":"R. Vettumperumal, S. Kalyanaraman, R. Thangavel","doi":"10.1142/S2251237317500046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/S2251237317500046","url":null,"abstract":"Nanocrystalline ruthenium (Ru)-doped ZnO thin films on sapphire substrate was prepared using sol–gel method by spin coating technique. The structural and I-V characteristics of Ru doped ZnO thin films were studied from the X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis and Raman spectroscopy. X-ray diffraction (XRD) results revealed that the deposited films belonged to hexagonal wurtzite structure with c-axis orientation. It is also confirmed from the Raman spectra. Enhancement of longitudinal optical (LO) phonon is observed by the strong electron–phonon interaction. An observed increment in sheet resistance with increase in dopant percentage of Ru (1–2mol%) in ZnO films was found and better I-V characteristic behavior was observed at 1mol% of Ru-doped ZnO thin films. Trap limited current flow inside the material was calculated from the log I versus log V plot in the higher voltage region.","PeriodicalId":16406,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Molecular and Engineering Materials","volume":"05 1","pages":"1750004"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2017-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1142/S2251237317500046","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44623413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-07-27DOI: 10.1142/S2251237317400019
X. Loh
This paper will update readers on the latest work in the area of antibacterial polymeric systems. There is extensive literature on existing systems. This complexity confines us to the latest antibacterial materials which possess (1) responsive antibacterial activity on their own; (2) anti-biofilm formation and (3) formation of antibacterial polymeric films. The objective of this review is to provide an overview of the antibacterial synthetic polymer field. In this paper, I will analyze the early promise of this technology as well as highlight potential challenges that adopters could face. The primary focus will be the application of materials to the medical industry and to show how these materials can be tailored to create responsive, customized bactericidal materials.
{"title":"Latest Advances in Antibacterial Materials","authors":"X. Loh","doi":"10.1142/S2251237317400019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/S2251237317400019","url":null,"abstract":"This paper will update readers on the latest work in the area of antibacterial polymeric systems. There is extensive literature on existing systems. This complexity confines us to the latest antibacterial materials which possess (1) responsive antibacterial activity on their own; (2) anti-biofilm formation and (3) formation of antibacterial polymeric films. The objective of this review is to provide an overview of the antibacterial synthetic polymer field. In this paper, I will analyze the early promise of this technology as well as highlight potential challenges that adopters could face. The primary focus will be the application of materials to the medical industry and to show how these materials can be tailored to create responsive, customized bactericidal materials.","PeriodicalId":16406,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Molecular and Engineering Materials","volume":"05 1","pages":"1740001"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2017-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1142/S2251237317400019","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49450421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-03-16DOI: 10.1142/S2251237317400032
Zibiao Li, X. Loh
Four-dimensional (4D) printing is an up-and-coming technology for the creation of dynamic devices which have shape changing capabilities or on-demand capabilities over time. Through the printing of adaptive 3D structures, the concept of 4D printing can be realized. Modern manufacturing primarily utilizes direct assembly techniques, limiting the possibility of error correction or instant modification of a structure. Self-building, programmable physical materials are interesting for the automatic and remote construction of structures. Adaptive materials are programmable physical or biological materials which possess shape changing properties or can be made to have simple logic responses. There is immense potential in having disorganized fragments form an ordered construct through physical interactions. However, these are currently limited to only self-assembly at the smallest scale, typically at the nanoscale. The answer to customizable macro-structures is in additive manufacturing, or 3D printing. 3D printing is a 30 years old technology which is beginning to be widely used by consumers. However, the main gripes about this technology are that it is too inefficient, inaccessible, and slow. Cost is also a significant factor in the adoption of this technology. 3D printing has the potential to transform and disrupt the manufacturing landscape as well as our lives. 4D printing seeks to use multi-functional materials in 3D printing so that the printed structure has multiple response capabilities and able to self-assemble on the macroscale. In this paper, we will analyze the early promise of this technology as well as to highlight potential challenges that adopters could face. The primary focus will be to have a look at the application of materials to 3D printing and to show how these materials can be tailored to create responsive customized 4D structures.
{"title":"Four-Dimensional (4D) Printing: Applying Soft Adaptive Materials to Additive Manufacturing","authors":"Zibiao Li, X. Loh","doi":"10.1142/S2251237317400032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/S2251237317400032","url":null,"abstract":"Four-dimensional (4D) printing is an up-and-coming technology for the creation of dynamic devices which have shape changing capabilities or on-demand capabilities over time. Through the printing of adaptive 3D structures, the concept of 4D printing can be realized. Modern manufacturing primarily utilizes direct assembly techniques, limiting the possibility of error correction or instant modification of a structure. Self-building, programmable physical materials are interesting for the automatic and remote construction of structures. Adaptive materials are programmable physical or biological materials which possess shape changing properties or can be made to have simple logic responses. There is immense potential in having disorganized fragments form an ordered construct through physical interactions. However, these are currently limited to only self-assembly at the smallest scale, typically at the nanoscale. The answer to customizable macro-structures is in additive manufacturing, or 3D printing. 3D printing is a 30 years old technology which is beginning to be widely used by consumers. However, the main gripes about this technology are that it is too inefficient, inaccessible, and slow. Cost is also a significant factor in the adoption of this technology. 3D printing has the potential to transform and disrupt the manufacturing landscape as well as our lives. 4D printing seeks to use multi-functional materials in 3D printing so that the printed structure has multiple response capabilities and able to self-assemble on the macroscale. In this paper, we will analyze the early promise of this technology as well as to highlight potential challenges that adopters could face. The primary focus will be to have a look at the application of materials to 3D printing and to show how these materials can be tailored to create responsive customized 4D structures.","PeriodicalId":16406,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Molecular and Engineering Materials","volume":"05 1","pages":"1740003"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2017-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1142/S2251237317400032","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46734359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-03-07DOI: 10.1142/S2251237317400044
Fei Wang, Fuke Wang
In this review, additive manufacturing technologies using liquid resins as materials are reviewed from the perspective of printing technologies and materials. Most importantly, recent progress of new printing technologies and printers as well as novel printing materials and their applications are summarized, based on which potential future research directions are discussed at the end of this review.
{"title":"Liquid Resins-Based Additive Manufacturing","authors":"Fei Wang, Fuke Wang","doi":"10.1142/S2251237317400044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/S2251237317400044","url":null,"abstract":"In this review, additive manufacturing technologies using liquid resins as materials are reviewed from the perspective of printing technologies and materials. Most importantly, recent progress of new printing technologies and printers as well as novel printing materials and their applications are summarized, based on which potential future research directions are discussed at the end of this review.","PeriodicalId":16406,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Molecular and Engineering Materials","volume":"05 1","pages":"1740004"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2017-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1142/S2251237317400044","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49633356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-22DOI: 10.1142/S2251237317400020
Victoria X. Zhao, T. I. Wong, Xiaodong Zhou
This paper reviews the recent development of 3D printing of biosamples, in terms of the 3D structure design, suitable printing technology, and available materials. Successfully printed 3D biosamples should possess the properties of high cell viability, vascularization and good biocompatibility. These goals are attained by printing the materials of hydrogels, polymers and cells, with a carefully selected 3D printer from the categories of inkjet printing, extrusion printing and laser printing, based on the uniqueness, advantages and disadvantages of these technologies. For recent developments, we introduce the 3D applications of creating scaffolds, printing cells for self-assembly and testing platforms. We foresee more bio-applications of 3D printing will be developed, with the advancements on materials and 3D printing machines.
{"title":"3D Printing of Biosamples: A Concise Review","authors":"Victoria X. Zhao, T. I. Wong, Xiaodong Zhou","doi":"10.1142/S2251237317400020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/S2251237317400020","url":null,"abstract":"This paper reviews the recent development of 3D printing of biosamples, in terms of the 3D structure design, suitable printing technology, and available materials. Successfully printed 3D biosamples should possess the properties of high cell viability, vascularization and good biocompatibility. These goals are attained by printing the materials of hydrogels, polymers and cells, with a carefully selected 3D printer from the categories of inkjet printing, extrusion printing and laser printing, based on the uniqueness, advantages and disadvantages of these technologies. For recent developments, we introduce the 3D applications of creating scaffolds, printing cells for self-assembly and testing platforms. We foresee more bio-applications of 3D printing will be developed, with the advancements on materials and 3D printing machines.","PeriodicalId":16406,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Molecular and Engineering Materials","volume":"05 1","pages":"1740002"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2017-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1142/S2251237317400020","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43231657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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