Pub Date : 2017-07-27DOI: 10.1142/S2251237317400019
X. Loh
This paper will update readers on the latest work in the area of antibacterial polymeric systems. There is extensive literature on existing systems. This complexity confines us to the latest antibacterial materials which possess (1) responsive antibacterial activity on their own; (2) anti-biofilm formation and (3) formation of antibacterial polymeric films. The objective of this review is to provide an overview of the antibacterial synthetic polymer field. In this paper, I will analyze the early promise of this technology as well as highlight potential challenges that adopters could face. The primary focus will be the application of materials to the medical industry and to show how these materials can be tailored to create responsive, customized bactericidal materials.
{"title":"Latest Advances in Antibacterial Materials","authors":"X. Loh","doi":"10.1142/S2251237317400019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/S2251237317400019","url":null,"abstract":"This paper will update readers on the latest work in the area of antibacterial polymeric systems. There is extensive literature on existing systems. This complexity confines us to the latest antibacterial materials which possess (1) responsive antibacterial activity on their own; (2) anti-biofilm formation and (3) formation of antibacterial polymeric films. The objective of this review is to provide an overview of the antibacterial synthetic polymer field. In this paper, I will analyze the early promise of this technology as well as highlight potential challenges that adopters could face. The primary focus will be the application of materials to the medical industry and to show how these materials can be tailored to create responsive, customized bactericidal materials.","PeriodicalId":16406,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Molecular and Engineering Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2017-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1142/S2251237317400019","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49450421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-03-16DOI: 10.1142/S2251237317400032
Zibiao Li, X. Loh
Four-dimensional (4D) printing is an up-and-coming technology for the creation of dynamic devices which have shape changing capabilities or on-demand capabilities over time. Through the printing of adaptive 3D structures, the concept of 4D printing can be realized. Modern manufacturing primarily utilizes direct assembly techniques, limiting the possibility of error correction or instant modification of a structure. Self-building, programmable physical materials are interesting for the automatic and remote construction of structures. Adaptive materials are programmable physical or biological materials which possess shape changing properties or can be made to have simple logic responses. There is immense potential in having disorganized fragments form an ordered construct through physical interactions. However, these are currently limited to only self-assembly at the smallest scale, typically at the nanoscale. The answer to customizable macro-structures is in additive manufacturing, or 3D printing. 3D printing is a 30 years old technology which is beginning to be widely used by consumers. However, the main gripes about this technology are that it is too inefficient, inaccessible, and slow. Cost is also a significant factor in the adoption of this technology. 3D printing has the potential to transform and disrupt the manufacturing landscape as well as our lives. 4D printing seeks to use multi-functional materials in 3D printing so that the printed structure has multiple response capabilities and able to self-assemble on the macroscale. In this paper, we will analyze the early promise of this technology as well as to highlight potential challenges that adopters could face. The primary focus will be to have a look at the application of materials to 3D printing and to show how these materials can be tailored to create responsive customized 4D structures.
{"title":"Four-Dimensional (4D) Printing: Applying Soft Adaptive Materials to Additive Manufacturing","authors":"Zibiao Li, X. Loh","doi":"10.1142/S2251237317400032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/S2251237317400032","url":null,"abstract":"Four-dimensional (4D) printing is an up-and-coming technology for the creation of dynamic devices which have shape changing capabilities or on-demand capabilities over time. Through the printing of adaptive 3D structures, the concept of 4D printing can be realized. Modern manufacturing primarily utilizes direct assembly techniques, limiting the possibility of error correction or instant modification of a structure. Self-building, programmable physical materials are interesting for the automatic and remote construction of structures. Adaptive materials are programmable physical or biological materials which possess shape changing properties or can be made to have simple logic responses. There is immense potential in having disorganized fragments form an ordered construct through physical interactions. However, these are currently limited to only self-assembly at the smallest scale, typically at the nanoscale. The answer to customizable macro-structures is in additive manufacturing, or 3D printing. 3D printing is a 30 years old technology which is beginning to be widely used by consumers. However, the main gripes about this technology are that it is too inefficient, inaccessible, and slow. Cost is also a significant factor in the adoption of this technology. 3D printing has the potential to transform and disrupt the manufacturing landscape as well as our lives. 4D printing seeks to use multi-functional materials in 3D printing so that the printed structure has multiple response capabilities and able to self-assemble on the macroscale. In this paper, we will analyze the early promise of this technology as well as to highlight potential challenges that adopters could face. The primary focus will be to have a look at the application of materials to 3D printing and to show how these materials can be tailored to create responsive customized 4D structures.","PeriodicalId":16406,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Molecular and Engineering Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2017-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1142/S2251237317400032","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46734359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-03-07DOI: 10.1142/S2251237317400044
Fei Wang, Fuke Wang
In this review, additive manufacturing technologies using liquid resins as materials are reviewed from the perspective of printing technologies and materials. Most importantly, recent progress of new printing technologies and printers as well as novel printing materials and their applications are summarized, based on which potential future research directions are discussed at the end of this review.
{"title":"Liquid Resins-Based Additive Manufacturing","authors":"Fei Wang, Fuke Wang","doi":"10.1142/S2251237317400044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/S2251237317400044","url":null,"abstract":"In this review, additive manufacturing technologies using liquid resins as materials are reviewed from the perspective of printing technologies and materials. Most importantly, recent progress of new printing technologies and printers as well as novel printing materials and their applications are summarized, based on which potential future research directions are discussed at the end of this review.","PeriodicalId":16406,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Molecular and Engineering Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2017-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1142/S2251237317400044","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49633356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-22DOI: 10.1142/S2251237317400020
Victoria X. Zhao, T. I. Wong, Xiaodong Zhou
This paper reviews the recent development of 3D printing of biosamples, in terms of the 3D structure design, suitable printing technology, and available materials. Successfully printed 3D biosamples should possess the properties of high cell viability, vascularization and good biocompatibility. These goals are attained by printing the materials of hydrogels, polymers and cells, with a carefully selected 3D printer from the categories of inkjet printing, extrusion printing and laser printing, based on the uniqueness, advantages and disadvantages of these technologies. For recent developments, we introduce the 3D applications of creating scaffolds, printing cells for self-assembly and testing platforms. We foresee more bio-applications of 3D printing will be developed, with the advancements on materials and 3D printing machines.
{"title":"3D Printing of Biosamples: A Concise Review","authors":"Victoria X. Zhao, T. I. Wong, Xiaodong Zhou","doi":"10.1142/S2251237317400020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/S2251237317400020","url":null,"abstract":"This paper reviews the recent development of 3D printing of biosamples, in terms of the 3D structure design, suitable printing technology, and available materials. Successfully printed 3D biosamples should possess the properties of high cell viability, vascularization and good biocompatibility. These goals are attained by printing the materials of hydrogels, polymers and cells, with a carefully selected 3D printer from the categories of inkjet printing, extrusion printing and laser printing, based on the uniqueness, advantages and disadvantages of these technologies. For recent developments, we introduce the 3D applications of creating scaffolds, printing cells for self-assembly and testing platforms. We foresee more bio-applications of 3D printing will be developed, with the advancements on materials and 3D printing machines.","PeriodicalId":16406,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Molecular and Engineering Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2017-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1142/S2251237317400020","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43231657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-12-01DOI: 10.1142/S2251237316400189
A. Fleury, Xu Li, A. Soldera
New technologies deeply depend on the ability of chemists to synthesize new functional materials. However, this synthetic step requires great efforts. Moreover, it is very likely that the ensuing compound does not fit the expected properties. With the advent of simulation, associated with the increase in computer performance and efficiency of codes, a screening of the best potential candidates to be synthesized becomes available. Accordingly, getting a polymer with a specific permeability, and also understanding the molecular reasons underlying this process, are some of the assets of molecular simulation. Nevertheless, representation of a material from a molecular perspective is not straightforward. A specific protocol must be established. It takes into account the fact that calculations are carried out on very tiny systems. An accurate depiction and perpetual validations confronting simulated results with experimental data make the protocol relevant. The computation of the penetrants’ diffusion coefficient and solubility is then introduced, in order to reveal the simulation of the permeation of a small molecule through an amorphous polymer system. The paper concludes with the most recent studies on the subject.
{"title":"Simulation of Small Molecules Permeation Through Polymer Matrix","authors":"A. Fleury, Xu Li, A. Soldera","doi":"10.1142/S2251237316400189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/S2251237316400189","url":null,"abstract":"New technologies deeply depend on the ability of chemists to synthesize new functional materials. However, this synthetic step requires great efforts. Moreover, it is very likely that the ensuing compound does not fit the expected properties. With the advent of simulation, associated with the increase in computer performance and efficiency of codes, a screening of the best potential candidates to be synthesized becomes available. Accordingly, getting a polymer with a specific permeability, and also understanding the molecular reasons underlying this process, are some of the assets of molecular simulation. Nevertheless, representation of a material from a molecular perspective is not straightforward. A specific protocol must be established. It takes into account the fact that calculations are carried out on very tiny systems. An accurate depiction and perpetual validations confronting simulated results with experimental data make the protocol relevant. The computation of the penetrants’ diffusion coefficient and solubility is then introduced, in order to reveal the simulation of the permeation of a small molecule through an amorphous polymer system. The paper concludes with the most recent studies on the subject.","PeriodicalId":16406,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Molecular and Engineering Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2016-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1142/S2251237316400189","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63850240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-12-01DOI: 10.1142/S2251237316400141
Jiating He, Xu Li
Selective gas adsorption plays an important role in adsorptive separation of gases and scavenging unfavorable or hazardous gases. The use of cost-effective and environmentally friendly materials fo...
气体选择性吸附在气体吸附分离和清除有害气体方面起着重要作用。使用具有成本效益和环保的材料来…
{"title":"Metal–Organic Framework for Selective Gas Scavenging","authors":"Jiating He, Xu Li","doi":"10.1142/S2251237316400141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/S2251237316400141","url":null,"abstract":"Selective gas adsorption plays an important role in adsorptive separation of gases and scavenging unfavorable or hazardous gases. The use of cost-effective and environmentally friendly materials fo...","PeriodicalId":16406,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Molecular and Engineering Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2016-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1142/S2251237316400141","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63850648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-12-01DOI: 10.1142/S2251237316400177
A. Jalilov, P. Marella, J. Claverie
Zinc phosphate, and zinc molybdate nanoparticles were prepared from inverse microemulsions of inorganic salts stabilized by a mixture of nonionic and ionic surfactants in cyclohexane. The optimal ratios of surfactants to inorganic salts were found experimentally. The resulting nanoparticles were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction. These nanoparticles were then mixed to epoxy formulations, which were applied to steel coupons. After accelerated aging, the electrochemical characteristics of the corrosion were analyzed by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The nanoparticles increase the corrosion resistance of the coating, indicating that the use of zinc phosphate and zinc molybdate nanoparticles offer a promising route for the mitigation of steel corrosion.
{"title":"Anticorrosion Coatings Based on Zinc Phosphate and Zinc Molybdate Nanoparticles","authors":"A. Jalilov, P. Marella, J. Claverie","doi":"10.1142/S2251237316400177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/S2251237316400177","url":null,"abstract":"Zinc phosphate, and zinc molybdate nanoparticles were prepared from inverse microemulsions of inorganic salts stabilized by a mixture of nonionic and ionic surfactants in cyclohexane. The optimal ratios of surfactants to inorganic salts were found experimentally. The resulting nanoparticles were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction. These nanoparticles were then mixed to epoxy formulations, which were applied to steel coupons. After accelerated aging, the electrochemical characteristics of the corrosion were analyzed by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The nanoparticles increase the corrosion resistance of the coating, indicating that the use of zinc phosphate and zinc molybdate nanoparticles offer a promising route for the mitigation of steel corrosion.","PeriodicalId":16406,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Molecular and Engineering Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2016-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1142/S2251237316400177","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63850230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-12-01DOI: 10.1142/S225123731640013X
Santanu Duari, Arkadeb Mukhopadhyay, T. Barman, P. Sahoo
This study presents the deposition and tribological characterization of electroless Ni–P–Cu coatings deposited on AISI 1040 steel specimens. After deposition, coatings are heat treated at 500∘C for...
{"title":"Investigation of Friction and Wear Properties of Electroless Ni-P-Cu Coating Under Dry Condition","authors":"Santanu Duari, Arkadeb Mukhopadhyay, T. Barman, P. Sahoo","doi":"10.1142/S225123731640013X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/S225123731640013X","url":null,"abstract":"This study presents the deposition and tribological characterization of electroless Ni–P–Cu coatings deposited on AISI 1040 steel specimens. After deposition, coatings are heat treated at 500∘C for...","PeriodicalId":16406,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Molecular and Engineering Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2016-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1142/S225123731640013X","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63850591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-12-01DOI: 10.1142/S2251237316400153
R. C. C. Yap, Amegadze Paul Seyram Kwablah, Jiating He, Xu Li
Food packaging has been changing from bulky and rigid form in the past to different variation of lights and plastic packagings. Regardless of the changes, the packaging must be able to uphold its original function which is to serve as food containment as well as to protect the food from the external environment. Coupled with the increasing consumer’s awareness on food waste, higher standard of living, technological developments are underway to enhance the shelf-life of packed food as well as methods to provide indications of food packaging environment. There are many different indicators for food spoilage, but two commonly found gases in food packaging are oxygen and carbon dioxide. Oxygen is the main mechanism for food spoilage, while carbon dioxide is often used in modified-atmosphere-packaging. There are also different methods of gas scavenging and/or sensing techniques based on different concepts in the literature. In this review, the focus will be on nano-materials, namely titanium dioxide, silica, zeolites and metal organic frameworks. This review is structured in a manner to highlight how each material can be used in both gas scavenging and/or indicators applications. The last part of the review focuses on the approach and some key considerations when integrating nano-materials into the plastic film.
{"title":"Functions of Nano-Materials in Food Packaging","authors":"R. C. C. Yap, Amegadze Paul Seyram Kwablah, Jiating He, Xu Li","doi":"10.1142/S2251237316400153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/S2251237316400153","url":null,"abstract":"Food packaging has been changing from bulky and rigid form in the past to different variation of lights and plastic packagings. Regardless of the changes, the packaging must be able to uphold its original function which is to serve as food containment as well as to protect the food from the external environment. Coupled with the increasing consumer’s awareness on food waste, higher standard of living, technological developments are underway to enhance the shelf-life of packed food as well as methods to provide indications of food packaging environment. There are many different indicators for food spoilage, but two commonly found gases in food packaging are oxygen and carbon dioxide. Oxygen is the main mechanism for food spoilage, while carbon dioxide is often used in modified-atmosphere-packaging. There are also different methods of gas scavenging and/or sensing techniques based on different concepts in the literature. In this review, the focus will be on nano-materials, namely titanium dioxide, silica, zeolites and metal organic frameworks. This review is structured in a manner to highlight how each material can be used in both gas scavenging and/or indicators applications. The last part of the review focuses on the approach and some key considerations when integrating nano-materials into the plastic film.","PeriodicalId":16406,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Molecular and Engineering Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2016-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1142/S2251237316400153","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63850656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-12-01DOI: 10.1142/S2251237316400104
Hongfei Liu
Atomic layer deposition (ALD) has long been developed for conformal coating thin films on planar surfaces and complex structured substrates based on its unique sequential process and self-limiting surface chemistry. In general, the coated thin films can be dielectrics, semiconductors, conductors, metals, etc., while the targeted surface can vary from those of particles, wires, to deep pores, through holes, and so on. The ALD coating technique, itself, was developed from gas-phase chemical vapor deposition, but now it has been extended even to liquid phase coating/growth. Because the thickness of ALD growth is controlled in atomic level (∼0.1nm), it has recently been employed for producing two-dimensional (2D) materials, typically semiconducting nanosheets of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs). In this paper, we briefly introduce recent progress in ALD of multifunctional oxides and 2D TMDCs with the focus being placed on suitable ALD precursors and their ALD processes (for both binary compounds and t...
{"title":"Recent Progress in Atomic Layer Deposition of Multifunctional Oxides and Two-Dimensional Transition Metal Dichalcogenides","authors":"Hongfei Liu","doi":"10.1142/S2251237316400104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/S2251237316400104","url":null,"abstract":"Atomic layer deposition (ALD) has long been developed for conformal coating thin films on planar surfaces and complex structured substrates based on its unique sequential process and self-limiting surface chemistry. In general, the coated thin films can be dielectrics, semiconductors, conductors, metals, etc., while the targeted surface can vary from those of particles, wires, to deep pores, through holes, and so on. The ALD coating technique, itself, was developed from gas-phase chemical vapor deposition, but now it has been extended even to liquid phase coating/growth. Because the thickness of ALD growth is controlled in atomic level (∼0.1nm), it has recently been employed for producing two-dimensional (2D) materials, typically semiconducting nanosheets of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs). In this paper, we briefly introduce recent progress in ALD of multifunctional oxides and 2D TMDCs with the focus being placed on suitable ALD precursors and their ALD processes (for both binary compounds and t...","PeriodicalId":16406,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Molecular and Engineering Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2016-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1142/S2251237316400104","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63850509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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