Pub Date : 2020-06-11DOI: 10.22079/JMSR.2020.120174.1327
N. Jusoh, M. B. Rosly, N. Othman, R. Sulaiman, N. M. Noah, K. Kamarudin
In this work, the palm oil-based synergist formulation containing a mixture of carriers for liquid membrane application of silver recovery from aqueous solution was studied. Several types of acidic carrier mixtures were investigated via liquid-liquid extraction procedure to increase the extraction performance. The results indicated that palm cooking is a promising vegetable oil-based green diluent in the formulation. A carrier mixture of 0.2 mM Cyanex 302 and 0.3 mM Cyanex 272 demonstrated synergism during the extraction process. It was found that more than 98% of silver ions from a very dilute solution was effectively extracted with a synergistic coefficient of 62.7. According to the individual and carrier mixture results, it can be deduced that Cyanex 272 and Cyanex 302 served as a carrier and synergist, respectively. Therefore, the developed liquid membrane formulation showed great prospect in silver recovery from the liquid waste solution.
{"title":"Development of Palm Oil-Based Synergist Liquid Membrane Formulation for Silver Recovery from Aqueous Solution","authors":"N. Jusoh, M. B. Rosly, N. Othman, R. Sulaiman, N. M. Noah, K. Kamarudin","doi":"10.22079/JMSR.2020.120174.1327","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22079/JMSR.2020.120174.1327","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, the palm oil-based synergist formulation containing a mixture of carriers for liquid membrane application of silver recovery from aqueous solution was studied. Several types of acidic carrier mixtures were investigated via liquid-liquid extraction procedure to increase the extraction performance. The results indicated that palm cooking is a promising vegetable oil-based green diluent in the formulation. A carrier mixture of 0.2 mM Cyanex 302 and 0.3 mM Cyanex 272 demonstrated synergism during the extraction process. It was found that more than 98% of silver ions from a very dilute solution was effectively extracted with a synergistic coefficient of 62.7. According to the individual and carrier mixture results, it can be deduced that Cyanex 272 and Cyanex 302 served as a carrier and synergist, respectively. Therefore, the developed liquid membrane formulation showed great prospect in silver recovery from the liquid waste solution.","PeriodicalId":16427,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Membrane Science and Research","volume":"7 1","pages":"59-63"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48680527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-01DOI: 10.22079/JMSR.2020.120104.1324
D. Chan, Daniel Nesan, Navin Kumar Rajantrakumar
Phytoremediation is an effective and environmentally friendly method for the treatment and recycling of the wastewater generated by the aquaculture industry. This study investigated the phytoremediation performance of Spirodela polyrhiza on fish farm wastewater following filtration by three different microfiltration membranes. The overall goals of this study were to determine the effects of physical membrane filtration pre-treatment on the subsequent phytoremediation process. The nutrient uptake by S. polyrhiza and water quality after phytoremediation were monitored under a controlled environment for a duration of 14 days. The results showed that the smallest membrane pore size (0.2 µm) was the most effective in removal of suspended solids. However, it was also the fastest to foul. Therefore, a 20 µm pore membrane was chosen that had 3.1 times the filtration capacity by volume of the 0.2 µm membrane before fouling. The subsequent phytoremediation study showed that filtered wastewater has a significantly lower initial reading of water quality with 33%, 53%, 36% and 30% reduction of chemical oxygen demand (COD), turbidity, mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS), as well as mixed liquor volatile suspended solids (MLVSS), respectively. The final reading for the nitrate, phosphate and ammonia level were 9.4 mg/L, 0.27 mg/L and 1.4 mg/L, respectively. This study indicates that combining phytoremediation with membrane filtration improves the overall performance of the remediation process when treating fish farm wastewater.
{"title":"Membrane Filtration Pretreatment and Phytoremediation of Fish Farm Wastewater","authors":"D. Chan, Daniel Nesan, Navin Kumar Rajantrakumar","doi":"10.22079/JMSR.2020.120104.1324","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22079/JMSR.2020.120104.1324","url":null,"abstract":"Phytoremediation is an effective and environmentally friendly method for the treatment and recycling of the wastewater generated by the aquaculture industry. This study investigated the phytoremediation performance of Spirodela polyrhiza on fish farm wastewater following filtration by three different microfiltration membranes. The overall goals of this study were to determine the effects of physical membrane filtration pre-treatment on the subsequent phytoremediation process. The nutrient uptake by S. polyrhiza and water quality after phytoremediation were monitored under a controlled environment for a duration of 14 days. The results showed that the smallest membrane pore size (0.2 µm) was the most effective in removal of suspended solids. However, it was also the fastest to foul. Therefore, a 20 µm pore membrane was chosen that had 3.1 times the filtration capacity by volume of the 0.2 µm membrane before fouling. The subsequent phytoremediation study showed that filtered wastewater has a significantly lower initial reading of water quality with 33%, 53%, 36% and 30% reduction of chemical oxygen demand (COD), turbidity, mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS), as well as mixed liquor volatile suspended solids (MLVSS), respectively. The final reading for the nitrate, phosphate and ammonia level were 9.4 mg/L, 0.27 mg/L and 1.4 mg/L, respectively. This study indicates that combining phytoremediation with membrane filtration improves the overall performance of the remediation process when treating fish farm wastewater.","PeriodicalId":16427,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Membrane Science and Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45186366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-23DOI: 10.22079/JMSR.2020.122044.1350
J. Gohil, P. Ray
This paper emphases on the preparation, characterization and application of heterogeneous cation- and anion-exchange membranes. Membranes were made by solution casting method from the blends comprises of ion-exchange resins and eco-friendly polymer binder polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). Dimensional stability of membranes in water was controlled by crosslink density of binder. Physicochemical and electrochemical characteristics of ion-exchange membranes such as ion-exchange capacity (IEC), swelling (%), water uptake (%), surface electrical resistance, and transport number have been optimized by varying the resin:binder ratio. Thermal properties of the membranes were studied using the thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry to evaluate the thermal degradation pattern/stability and transition temperature, i.e., Tg of ionic membranes. The morphology of membrane samples were studied using scanning electron microscope. Heterogeneous ion-exchange membranes (HIXM) prepared from the water soluble binder showed superior electrochemical properties and homogeneous morphology compared to HIXMs prepared using the organic solvent based polymer binder polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and when used for desalination in Electrodialysis stack exhibits 85.5% salt reduction.
{"title":"Preparation of Heterogeneous Cation- and Anion-Exchange Membranes by Eco-Friendly Method: Electrochemical Characterization and Desalination Performance","authors":"J. Gohil, P. Ray","doi":"10.22079/JMSR.2020.122044.1350","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22079/JMSR.2020.122044.1350","url":null,"abstract":"This paper emphases on the preparation, characterization and application of heterogeneous cation- and anion-exchange membranes. Membranes were made by solution casting method from the blends comprises of ion-exchange resins and eco-friendly polymer binder polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). Dimensional stability of membranes in water was controlled by crosslink density of binder. Physicochemical and electrochemical characteristics of ion-exchange membranes such as ion-exchange capacity (IEC), swelling (%), water uptake (%), surface electrical resistance, and transport number have been optimized by varying the resin:binder ratio. Thermal properties of the membranes were studied using the thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry to evaluate the thermal degradation pattern/stability and transition temperature, i.e., Tg of ionic membranes. The morphology of membrane samples were studied using scanning electron microscope. Heterogeneous ion-exchange membranes (HIXM) prepared from the water soluble binder showed superior electrochemical properties and homogeneous morphology compared to HIXMs prepared using the organic solvent based polymer binder polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and when used for desalination in Electrodialysis stack exhibits 85.5% salt reduction.","PeriodicalId":16427,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Membrane Science and Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42523299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-13DOI: 10.22079/JMSR.2020.120244.1330
A. Ayol, Yasar Onur Demiral, Sinem Gunes
Membrane bioreactor (MBRs) technology is a crucial treatment process having enhanced solid/liquid separation in the way of biological wastewater treatment. However, clogging problem in MBRs is a critical drawback. Dynamic membrane (DM) technology has recently taking more attention to eliminate the clogging problem. DM is known as a self-forming cake layer on a support layer determining the rejection properties of the system. Recently, there is a great concern and more research need to understand and model the complex structure of DM and find proper support material. This study focused on the development of an efficient DM system with different textile fabric support materials in order to treat domestic wastewater. The applicability of two textile fabrics as cotton textile fabric (TF) and metal braided one (MBTF) as support layers with ultrafiltration membrane (UF) were investigated based on the chemical oxygen demand (COD), suspended solids (SS), specific resistance to filtration (SRF), and cake depth parameters. COD and SS removal efficiencies showed that TF support layer provided better reductions.
{"title":"Efficient Treatment of Domestic Wastewaters by Using a Dynamic Membrane Bioreactor System","authors":"A. Ayol, Yasar Onur Demiral, Sinem Gunes","doi":"10.22079/JMSR.2020.120244.1330","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22079/JMSR.2020.120244.1330","url":null,"abstract":"Membrane bioreactor (MBRs) technology is a crucial treatment process having enhanced solid/liquid separation in the way of biological wastewater treatment. However, clogging problem in MBRs is a critical drawback. Dynamic membrane (DM) technology has recently taking more attention to eliminate the clogging problem. DM is known as a self-forming cake layer on a support layer determining the rejection properties of the system. Recently, there is a great concern and more research need to understand and model the complex structure of DM and find proper support material. This study focused on the development of an efficient DM system with different textile fabric support materials in order to treat domestic wastewater. The applicability of two textile fabrics as cotton textile fabric (TF) and metal braided one (MBTF) as support layers with ultrafiltration membrane (UF) were investigated based on the chemical oxygen demand (COD), suspended solids (SS), specific resistance to filtration (SRF), and cake depth parameters. COD and SS removal efficiencies showed that TF support layer provided better reductions.","PeriodicalId":16427,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Membrane Science and Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46847245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-13DOI: 10.22079/JMSR.2020.123606.1361
A. Bildyukevich, T. Hliavitskaya, G. Melnikova
The obtained results in this work allow us to propose a new approach to fabricate polyethersulfone (PES) ultrafiltration (UF) membranes with desired structure and performance. It was shown that UF membranes with a spongy structure are obtained from casting solutions located near the binodal line. However, with increasing the precipitation value (PV) of non-solvent additives (NSA), the higher pure water flux (PWF) of membranes with the spongy structure was observed. UF membranes with maximum performance are obtained when degree of saturation (α* – the ratio of the NSA amount added to the polymer solution to the NSA amount which causes phase separation) α*= 0.52-0.81 (depending on PV of NSA). In this case, macrovoids will prevail in the structure of the supporting layer of membranes. The size and shape of macrovoids also depend on the PV of NSA. The higher the PV of NSA, the larger the size of macrovoids in the structure of supporting layer.
{"title":"EFFECT OF NON-SOLVENT ADDITIVES TO THE CASTING SOLUTION ON THE STRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES OF POLYETHERSULFONE UF MEMBRANES","authors":"A. Bildyukevich, T. Hliavitskaya, G. Melnikova","doi":"10.22079/JMSR.2020.123606.1361","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22079/JMSR.2020.123606.1361","url":null,"abstract":"The obtained results in this work allow us to propose a new approach to fabricate polyethersulfone (PES) ultrafiltration (UF) membranes with desired structure and performance. It was shown that UF membranes with a spongy structure are obtained from casting solutions located near the binodal line. However, with increasing the precipitation value (PV) of non-solvent additives (NSA), the higher pure water flux (PWF) of membranes with the spongy structure was observed. UF membranes with maximum performance are obtained when degree of saturation (α* – the ratio of the NSA amount added to the polymer solution to the NSA amount which causes phase separation) α*= 0.52-0.81 (depending on PV of NSA). In this case, macrovoids will prevail in the structure of the supporting layer of membranes. The size and shape of macrovoids also depend on the PV of NSA. The higher the PV of NSA, the larger the size of macrovoids in the structure of supporting layer.","PeriodicalId":16427,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Membrane Science and Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44407323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-05DOI: 10.22079/JMSR.2020.123596.1360
S. Muntha, N. Shaheen, Muhammad Siddiq, A. Khan, T. Fazal
Mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) of polymer of intrinsic microporosity (PIM-1) is synthesized by incorporating modified zeolite (MZ) as the filler. Zeolite was treated with (3-Aminopropyl)-triethoxysilane (APTES). This treatment provided terminal amino groups to the zeolite by interaction between zeolite and ethoxy group of silane. MZ was systematically incorporated from 5 wt% to 15 wt% for evaluation of the improvement in gas separation behaviour. Physical characteristics and elemental analysis of MMMs were evaluated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. FTIR spectrum indicated physical interaction between PIM-1 and MZ. Scanning electron microscopy analysis (SEM) revealed the smooth surface morphology for PIM-1 membrane. Aggregates of MZ were observed from SEM analysis of PIM-1/MZ MMMs which indicated the formation of additional void volume. The Brunauer, Emmett, Teller (BET) analysis exhibited type I isotherm for PIM-1. The PIM-1 surface area was calculated to be 656 m2 g-1. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) revealed that membranes are thermally stable up to 460 ᴼC. Gas separation behaviour of MMMs was also evaluated with particular focus on CO2 /N2 separation. Permeability was observed to increase with increasing filler concentration. CO2 permeability was evaluated to increase from 2610 barrer for PIM-1 membrane to 5540 barrer for PIM-1/MZ MMM (15 wt%). Tremendous increase in permeability was observed for alcohol treated PIM-1/MZ MMMs. Aging analysis was performed by calculating the permeability for each membrane after 30, 60 and 90 days.
{"title":"Preparation and Characterization of PIM-1/Modified Zeolite Mixed Matrix Membranes for CO2/N2 Separation","authors":"S. Muntha, N. Shaheen, Muhammad Siddiq, A. Khan, T. Fazal","doi":"10.22079/JMSR.2020.123596.1360","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22079/JMSR.2020.123596.1360","url":null,"abstract":"Mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) of polymer of intrinsic microporosity (PIM-1) is synthesized by incorporating modified zeolite (MZ) as the filler. Zeolite was treated with (3-Aminopropyl)-triethoxysilane (APTES). This treatment provided terminal amino groups to the zeolite by interaction between zeolite and ethoxy group of silane. MZ was systematically incorporated from 5 wt% to 15 wt% for evaluation of the improvement in gas separation behaviour. Physical characteristics and elemental analysis of MMMs were evaluated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. FTIR spectrum indicated physical interaction between PIM-1 and MZ. Scanning electron microscopy analysis (SEM) revealed the smooth surface morphology for PIM-1 membrane. Aggregates of MZ were observed from SEM analysis of PIM-1/MZ MMMs which indicated the formation of additional void volume. The Brunauer, Emmett, Teller (BET) analysis exhibited type I isotherm for PIM-1. The PIM-1 surface area was calculated to be 656 m2 g-1. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) revealed that membranes are thermally stable up to 460 ᴼC. Gas separation behaviour of MMMs was also evaluated with particular focus on CO2 /N2 separation. Permeability was observed to increase with increasing filler concentration. CO2 permeability was evaluated to increase from 2610 barrer for PIM-1 membrane to 5540 barrer for PIM-1/MZ MMM (15 wt%). Tremendous increase in permeability was observed for alcohol treated PIM-1/MZ MMMs. Aging analysis was performed by calculating the permeability for each membrane after 30, 60 and 90 days.","PeriodicalId":16427,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Membrane Science and Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42649422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-30DOI: 10.22079/JMSR.2020.120179.1328
G. H. Teoh, P. Tan, A. Ahmad, S. Low
Despite the excellent potential separation performance of the composite membrane, the incompatibility of organic membrane matrix with inorganic nanofiller has been remained as the major concern in producing a defect free composite membrane. Indeed, incompatibility between polymer and nanofiller caused fillers agglomeration, consequently, formed the interfacial void defect. When nanofillers are dispersed in the polymer dope, agglomeration tends to happen due to relatively large van der Waals forces of interaction. In the case of filler and polymer are not compatible, these forces will be dominant among the fillers, which caused the nanoparticles to attract to each, then induces aggregation. Such membrane defects inevitably lower the separation performances of the membrane. This review discussed the development of mixed matrix membrane, particularly on the concern of compatibility between polymer and nanofiller. Techniques to improve polymer-filler compatibility has been further discussed based on various modification and cross-linking strategies. Currently, the linker is studying experimentally to promote affinity between inorganic filler and the organic polymer. Indeed, this is time consuming and involves expensive research cost. In this review, an alternative technique using molecular dynamics (MD) simulation has also been elaborated to determine the efficiency of coupling agent to improve the matching of organic-inorganic materials, through the calculation of the molecular bonding energy. Theoretically, a multi-component system with lower energy than the total energy from its respective individual component can define as stable; hence, achieving polymer-filler compatibility.
{"title":"Analysis of Organic-Inorganic Compatibility to Synthesis Defect Free Composite Membrane: A Review","authors":"G. H. Teoh, P. Tan, A. Ahmad, S. Low","doi":"10.22079/JMSR.2020.120179.1328","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22079/JMSR.2020.120179.1328","url":null,"abstract":"Despite the excellent potential separation performance of the composite membrane, the incompatibility of organic membrane matrix with inorganic nanofiller has been remained as the major concern in producing a defect free composite membrane. Indeed, incompatibility between polymer and nanofiller caused fillers agglomeration, consequently, formed the interfacial void defect. When nanofillers are dispersed in the polymer dope, agglomeration tends to happen due to relatively large van der Waals forces of interaction. In the case of filler and polymer are not compatible, these forces will be dominant among the fillers, which caused the nanoparticles to attract to each, then induces aggregation. Such membrane defects inevitably lower the separation performances of the membrane. This review discussed the development of mixed matrix membrane, particularly on the concern of compatibility between polymer and nanofiller. Techniques to improve polymer-filler compatibility has been further discussed based on various modification and cross-linking strategies. Currently, the linker is studying experimentally to promote affinity between inorganic filler and the organic polymer. Indeed, this is time consuming and involves expensive research cost. In this review, an alternative technique using molecular dynamics (MD) simulation has also been elaborated to determine the efficiency of coupling agent to improve the matching of organic-inorganic materials, through the calculation of the molecular bonding energy. Theoretically, a multi-component system with lower energy than the total energy from its respective individual component can define as stable; hence, achieving polymer-filler compatibility.","PeriodicalId":16427,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Membrane Science and Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46766308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-26DOI: 10.22079/JMSR.2020.121902.1346
Y. Raji, M. Othman, N. Nordin, A. Ismail, Mukhlis A. Rahman, J. Jaafar, J. Usman, Stanley Chinedu Momah
The use of low-cost clay materials for the fabrication of ceramic membrane has attracted much interest from researchers, and the outcome would be beneficial to the industries. In this study, low-cost bentonite was used for the preparation of hollow fiber ceramic (HFC) membrane. Bentonite powder was initially characterized by field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) for powder surface morphology. The bentonite membrane was fabricated through dope suspension mixing, using phase inversion-based extrusion method and sintering processes. The dope suspension was prepared by mixing quantified bentonite powder, dispersant, polymer binder, and organic solvent on a planetary ball mill. This was followed by the extrusion of the dope suspension at a bore fluid rate of 10 mL/min and air gap of 5 cm and finally subjected to the sintering temperatures of 950° C, 1000° C, 1050° C, and 1100° C. FESEM images revealed that bentonite powder has a compacted interlayer order of heterogeneous surface morphology. The resulting bentonite HFC membrane surface morphologies were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the structures exhibit asymmetric structure, which was composed of sponge-like and finger-like structures. Due to, its superhydrophilic property and pore size; the membrane contact angle and water flux performance were obtained at 1.90° and ~326 L/m2 .h, respectively. Overall, the results suggest that bentonite can be used in the fabrication of ceramic-based hollow fiber membrane and in addition, can as well be utilized in microfiltration for wastewater treatment.
{"title":"Preparation and Characterization of Bentonite - Based Ceramic Hollow Fiber Membrane","authors":"Y. Raji, M. Othman, N. Nordin, A. Ismail, Mukhlis A. Rahman, J. Jaafar, J. Usman, Stanley Chinedu Momah","doi":"10.22079/JMSR.2020.121902.1346","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22079/JMSR.2020.121902.1346","url":null,"abstract":"The use of low-cost clay materials for the fabrication of ceramic membrane has attracted much interest from researchers, and the outcome would be beneficial to the industries. In this study, low-cost bentonite was used for the preparation of hollow fiber ceramic (HFC) membrane. Bentonite powder was initially characterized by field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) for powder surface morphology. The bentonite membrane was fabricated through dope suspension mixing, using phase inversion-based extrusion method and sintering processes. The dope suspension was prepared by mixing quantified bentonite powder, dispersant, polymer binder, and organic solvent on a planetary ball mill. This was followed by the extrusion of the dope suspension at a bore fluid rate of 10 mL/min and air gap of 5 cm and finally subjected to the sintering temperatures of 950° C, 1000° C, 1050° C, and 1100° C. FESEM images revealed that bentonite powder has a compacted interlayer order of heterogeneous surface morphology. The resulting bentonite HFC membrane surface morphologies were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the structures exhibit asymmetric structure, which was composed of sponge-like and finger-like structures. Due to, its superhydrophilic property and pore size; the membrane contact angle and water flux performance were obtained at 1.90° and ~326 L/m2 .h, respectively. Overall, the results suggest that bentonite can be used in the fabrication of ceramic-based hollow fiber membrane and in addition, can as well be utilized in microfiltration for wastewater treatment.","PeriodicalId":16427,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Membrane Science and Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41752920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-08DOI: 10.22079/JMSR.2020.119864.1321
A. Ismail, Y. Raharjo, M. Othman, S. M. Rosid, M. A. Azali, D. Santoso
The adequacy of uremic toxins removal via hemodialysis treatment is essential for every kidney failure patient. To obtain hemodialysis adequacy, the effects of main polymer were investigated. The hollow fiber membranes were produced by using dry/wet spinning process from dope solution comprising PES as the main polymer, 3% poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) in 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) at 40-cm air gap. PES loadings of 14, 16, and 18 wt.% were studied. The membrane morphology was characterized by using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and the membrane properties were measured by using contact angle measurement (WCA). Membrane performance was evaluated by pure water flux (PWF), retention to bovine serum albumin (BSA), p-cresol and urea removal (URR) by using cross-flow permeation system. SEM analysis showed the asymmetric finger-like structure obtained for each polymer loading. The dense skin layer in the inner surface had thickened, followed by the increasing polymer weight loading. The 14 wt.% PES loading had a better pore size (116 nm) and porosity (74%). The WCA showed that the hollow fiber membranes studied were hydrophilic, and the utilization of 14 wt.% PES loading obtained better PWF (108.58 Lm-2h-1). However, this result had an impact on the impairment of BSA retention. The BSA retention for 14 wt.% PES loadings was 88.23%. The URR and p-cresol removal for 14 wt.% PES loading was higher (80.90% and 36.85% for 4 h, respectively) compared to others. As a conclusion, the percentage weight loading for polymer was a significant influence for morphology, membrane properties, and uremic toxins removal.
{"title":"Effect of Polymer Loading on Membrane Properties and Uremic Toxins Removal for Hemodialysis Application","authors":"A. Ismail, Y. Raharjo, M. Othman, S. M. Rosid, M. A. Azali, D. Santoso","doi":"10.22079/JMSR.2020.119864.1321","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22079/JMSR.2020.119864.1321","url":null,"abstract":"The adequacy of uremic toxins removal via hemodialysis treatment is essential for every kidney failure patient. To obtain hemodialysis adequacy, the effects of main polymer were investigated. The hollow fiber membranes were produced by using dry/wet spinning process from dope solution comprising PES as the main polymer, 3% poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) in 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) at 40-cm air gap. PES loadings of 14, 16, and 18 wt.% were studied. The membrane morphology was characterized by using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and the membrane properties were measured by using contact angle measurement (WCA). Membrane performance was evaluated by pure water flux (PWF), retention to bovine serum albumin (BSA), p-cresol and urea removal (URR) by using cross-flow permeation system. SEM analysis showed the asymmetric finger-like structure obtained for each polymer loading. The dense skin layer in the inner surface had thickened, followed by the increasing polymer weight loading. The 14 wt.% PES loading had a better pore size (116 nm) and porosity (74%). The WCA showed that the hollow fiber membranes studied were hydrophilic, and the utilization of 14 wt.% PES loading obtained better PWF (108.58 Lm-2h-1). However, this result had an impact on the impairment of BSA retention. The BSA retention for 14 wt.% PES loadings was 88.23%. The URR and p-cresol removal for 14 wt.% PES loading was higher (80.90% and 36.85% for 4 h, respectively) compared to others. As a conclusion, the percentage weight loading for polymer was a significant influence for morphology, membrane properties, and uremic toxins removal.","PeriodicalId":16427,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Membrane Science and Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42214411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-07DOI: 10.22079/JMSR.2020.120604.1335
N. Aryanti, T. Kusworo, A. Nafiunisa, D. H. Wardhani
This study presented the membrane separation integrated with surfactant micellisation for the removal of dye molecules from aqueous media, commonly identified as micellar enhances ultrafiltration (MEUF). Three different naphthols or naphthalene dye (AS-LB, AS-OL, and AS-BR), three kinds of remazol dye (Red Rb, Yellow G, and Turquoise Blue) and a pure grade saponin were used in this study. This study investigated the MEUF performance to remove the reactive dye and to determine the effect of surfactant addition in the feed solution by determining the micelle loading profile. A significant decline of the initial normalised flux compared to the final flux was shown in all of the filtration processes for the removal of remazol dye. However, the flux profile of the naphthol feed showed a more stable trend. The addition of saponin as a surfactant in the feed solution improved the rejection of the dye pollutant, and this was because of the successful entrapment of the dye pollutant in the surfactant micelle structure. The highest rejections for remazol Red Rb, yellow G, and Turquoise Blue were 97.32%, 98.88%, and 98.88%, respectively. In addition, the highest rejection for naphthol AS-BR, AS-LB, and AS-OL were 99.08%, 94.16%, and 93.59%, respectively. Adding the surfactant decreased the value of micelle loading (amount of dye solubilized in surfactant micelle). It was confirmed that the MEUF successfully removed the dye pollutant from the wastewater and increased the rejection of the surfactant itself.
{"title":"Separation of Reactive Dyes using Natural Surfactant and Micellar-Enhanced Ultrafiltration Membrane","authors":"N. Aryanti, T. Kusworo, A. Nafiunisa, D. H. Wardhani","doi":"10.22079/JMSR.2020.120604.1335","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22079/JMSR.2020.120604.1335","url":null,"abstract":"This study presented the membrane separation integrated with surfactant micellisation for the removal of dye molecules from aqueous media, commonly identified as micellar enhances ultrafiltration (MEUF). Three different naphthols or naphthalene dye (AS-LB, AS-OL, and AS-BR), three kinds of remazol dye (Red Rb, Yellow G, and Turquoise Blue) and a pure grade saponin were used in this study. This study investigated the MEUF performance to remove the reactive dye and to determine the effect of surfactant addition in the feed solution by determining the micelle loading profile. A significant decline of the initial normalised flux compared to the final flux was shown in all of the filtration processes for the removal of remazol dye. However, the flux profile of the naphthol feed showed a more stable trend. The addition of saponin as a surfactant in the feed solution improved the rejection of the dye pollutant, and this was because of the successful entrapment of the dye pollutant in the surfactant micelle structure. The highest rejections for remazol Red Rb, yellow G, and Turquoise Blue were 97.32%, 98.88%, and 98.88%, respectively. In addition, the highest rejection for naphthol AS-BR, AS-LB, and AS-OL were 99.08%, 94.16%, and 93.59%, respectively. Adding the surfactant decreased the value of micelle loading (amount of dye solubilized in surfactant micelle). It was confirmed that the MEUF successfully removed the dye pollutant from the wastewater and increased the rejection of the surfactant itself.","PeriodicalId":16427,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Membrane Science and Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48599423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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