Pub Date : 2021-04-01DOI: 10.22079/JMSR.2021.521519.1432
S. Razavi, Morteza Kashaninejad, M. Varidi
In this study, the effects of transmembrane pressure (TMP, 80-160 kPa) and temperature (T, 20-40 oC) were investigated on the camel milk ultrafiltration (UF) performance including pseudo-steady state permeate flux (JPSS), intrinsic membrane resistance (Rm), reversible fouling resistance (Rrf), irreversible fouling resistance (Rif), solutes rejection (protein (RP), lactose (RL), ash (RA) and total solids (RTS)) and minerals rejection (aluminum (RAl), iron (RFe), zinc (RZn), manganese (RMn), calcium (RCa), phosphorus (RPh), sodium (RNa), magnesium (RMg), and potassium (RK)). Based on the results, increasing TMP led to a significant increase in JPSS, Rrf, and RA while increasing T caused a significant increase in JPSS, Rrf, RL, RA, and the rejection of all minerals. Although the total fouling resistance (Rf) increased by increasing TMP and T, the share of Rrf was higher in high TMP and T compared to Rif. The results also showed that none of the linear, quadratic, and interaction effects of TMP and T on the Rm, RTS, and RP of the samples were significant. In general, camel milk solute rejections, e.g., RTS, RP, RL, RA, RAl, RFe, RZn, RMn, RCa, RPh, RNa, RMg, and RK were, on average, 51.03, 97.51, 4.73, 34.07, 99.05, 95.70, 90.64, 99.99, 46.09, 32.74, 20.44, 19.44, and 7.78%, respectively. Finally, optimum UF performance conditions in this research with the lowest Rrf, Rif, RL, and RA while the highest JPSS and RP were 135 kPa TMP and 35 oC T.
{"title":"The effect of temperature and transmembrane pressure on the camel milk ultrafiltration performance: An optimization study","authors":"S. Razavi, Morteza Kashaninejad, M. Varidi","doi":"10.22079/JMSR.2021.521519.1432","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22079/JMSR.2021.521519.1432","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, the effects of transmembrane pressure (TMP, 80-160 kPa) and temperature (T, 20-40 oC) were investigated on the camel milk ultrafiltration (UF) performance including pseudo-steady state permeate flux (JPSS), intrinsic membrane resistance (Rm), reversible fouling resistance (Rrf), irreversible fouling resistance (Rif), solutes rejection (protein (RP), lactose (RL), ash (RA) and total solids (RTS)) and minerals rejection (aluminum (RAl), iron (RFe), zinc (RZn), manganese (RMn), calcium (RCa), phosphorus (RPh), sodium (RNa), magnesium (RMg), and potassium (RK)). Based on the results, increasing TMP led to a significant increase in JPSS, Rrf, and RA while increasing T caused a significant increase in JPSS, Rrf, RL, RA, and the rejection of all minerals. Although the total fouling resistance (Rf) increased by increasing TMP and T, the share of Rrf was higher in high TMP and T compared to Rif. The results also showed that none of the linear, quadratic, and interaction effects of TMP and T on the Rm, RTS, and RP of the samples were significant. In general, camel milk solute rejections, e.g., RTS, RP, RL, RA, RAl, RFe, RZn, RMn, RCa, RPh, RNa, RMg, and RK were, on average, 51.03, 97.51, 4.73, 34.07, 99.05, 95.70, 90.64, 99.99, 46.09, 32.74, 20.44, 19.44, and 7.78%, respectively. Finally, optimum UF performance conditions in this research with the lowest Rrf, Rif, RL, and RA while the highest JPSS and RP were 135 kPa TMP and 35 oC T.","PeriodicalId":16427,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Membrane Science and Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42461342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-20DOI: 10.22079/JMSR.2021.521505.1431
A. Mostafavi, A. Mishra, M. Ulbricht, J. Denayer, S. Hosseini
Ever-increasing demands for high performance blood oxygenators have led to continuous advancements in this field. Despite the progresses made since their emergence, there still exist challenges that intimidate the reliability of membrane oxygenators. A promising approach for addressing these challenges and enhancing the overall process performance relates to the selection, development, and modification of materials with desirable characteristics. The main impetus for the present review is to bring forward important and yet less explored subjects by shedding light on the technological, design, and engineering aspects of oxygenators and the oxygenation process. Special attention is paid to membrane oxygenators and their essential characteristics such as gas transport, plasma leakage, and biocompatibility. Also, various practical configurations of membrane oxygenators are illustrated with their merits and limitations. From the materials perspective, a comprehensive range of polymeric materials with track records for applications as membrane oxygenators are surveyed and analyzed considering their physicochemical and biocompatibility properties in order to gain insights into the features of an optimal material. In addition to elaborations on the methods for fabrication of membrane oxygenators, various effective techniques that could be used for altering the microstructure and surface properties of the membranes are presented. Also, an in-depth overview is provided about the transport phenomena in membrane oxygenators aiming to provide a better understanding of the molecular and process aspects of the process. An overview of the state of the art is summarized along with points about the trends of future developments are provided at the end.
{"title":"Oxygenation and Membrane Oxygenators: Emergence, Evolution and Progress in Material Development and Process Enhancement for Biomedical Applications","authors":"A. Mostafavi, A. Mishra, M. Ulbricht, J. Denayer, S. Hosseini","doi":"10.22079/JMSR.2021.521505.1431","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22079/JMSR.2021.521505.1431","url":null,"abstract":"Ever-increasing demands for high performance blood oxygenators have led to continuous advancements in this field. Despite the progresses made since their emergence, there still exist challenges that intimidate the reliability of membrane oxygenators. A promising approach for addressing these challenges and enhancing the overall process performance relates to the selection, development, and modification of materials with desirable characteristics. The main impetus for the present review is to bring forward important and yet less explored subjects by shedding light on the technological, design, and engineering aspects of oxygenators and the oxygenation process. Special attention is paid to membrane oxygenators and their essential characteristics such as gas transport, plasma leakage, and biocompatibility. Also, various practical configurations of membrane oxygenators are illustrated with their merits and limitations. From the materials perspective, a comprehensive range of polymeric materials with track records for applications as membrane oxygenators are surveyed and analyzed considering their physicochemical and biocompatibility properties in order to gain insights into the features of an optimal material. In addition to elaborations on the methods for fabrication of membrane oxygenators, various effective techniques that could be used for altering the microstructure and surface properties of the membranes are presented. Also, an in-depth overview is provided about the transport phenomena in membrane oxygenators aiming to provide a better understanding of the molecular and process aspects of the process. An overview of the state of the art is summarized along with points about the trends of future developments are provided at the end.","PeriodicalId":16427,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Membrane Science and Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49368312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-05DOI: 10.22079/JMSR.2021.521258.1428
Sama A. Al-Mutwalli, Mehmet Dilaver, D. Y. Koseoglu-Imer
Ceramic membranes are used in different dairy industry processing owing to their food compatibility, high stability to temperature and pH, and high fractionation efficiency. This work is aiming to optimize the performance of ceramic ultrafiltration membrane for acidic whey processing based on the filtration temperature and module configuration. Disc and tubular membrane modules were used with a ceramic membrane 15kDa molecular weight cut-off and at whey temperature of 40oC and 50oC for both modules. The filtration performance was evaluated with normalized flux and membrane fouling index model. The end-product quality was monitored by analyzing protein, lactose, antibiotics, hormones, and heavy metals. It was found that the module configuration has a great effect on flux behavior and membrane fouling. The tubular module shows better performance with regard to normalized flux and membrane fouling index. However, at a higher temperature, the membrane fouling was higher with the disc membrane module and lower with the tubular one. In terms of end-product quality, the whey temperature is affecting protein and lactose concentration while the module configuration did not show a significant effect. Antibiotics, hormones, and heavy metals were found in concentrations that do not affect human health.
{"title":"Effect of temperature and module configuration on membrane fouling and end-product quality of acidic whey using ceramic ultrafiltration membrane","authors":"Sama A. Al-Mutwalli, Mehmet Dilaver, D. Y. Koseoglu-Imer","doi":"10.22079/JMSR.2021.521258.1428","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22079/JMSR.2021.521258.1428","url":null,"abstract":"Ceramic membranes are used in different dairy industry processing owing to their food compatibility, high stability to temperature and pH, and high fractionation efficiency. This work is aiming to optimize the performance of ceramic ultrafiltration membrane for acidic whey processing based on the filtration temperature and module configuration. Disc and tubular membrane modules were used with a ceramic membrane 15kDa molecular weight cut-off and at whey temperature of 40oC and 50oC for both modules. The filtration performance was evaluated with normalized flux and membrane fouling index model. The end-product quality was monitored by analyzing protein, lactose, antibiotics, hormones, and heavy metals. It was found that the module configuration has a great effect on flux behavior and membrane fouling. The tubular module shows better performance with regard to normalized flux and membrane fouling index. However, at a higher temperature, the membrane fouling was higher with the disc membrane module and lower with the tubular one. In terms of end-product quality, the whey temperature is affecting protein and lactose concentration while the module configuration did not show a significant effect. Antibiotics, hormones, and heavy metals were found in concentrations that do not affect human health.","PeriodicalId":16427,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Membrane Science and Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44878074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-08DOI: 10.22079/JMSR.2021.139576.1418
M. Motsa, Phumlile P. Mamba, H. J. O. Ogola, T. Msagati, B. Mamba, T. Nkambule
The removal of natural organic matter (NOM) from water is becoming increasingly important for water treatment plants not only to improve drinking water aesthetics such as taste and odor, but also to prevent the formation of carcinogenic disinfection by-products (DBPs). This study applies the catalytic properties of the wood degrading laccase enzyme produced by white rot fungi (WRF) on breaking down and removing organic matter in drinking water. Fungal isolates were collected and screened for their ability to degrade humic acid (HA), a NOM model compound. Highly permeable polyethersulfone (PES) membrane was used as support material for the immobilization of the lignolytic enzymes extracted from Perenniporia sp. and Polyporaceae sp. for the simultaneous degradation and removal of NOM. A 52 % humic acid removal was recorded for the Polyporaceae sp. isolate R. Results showed that addition of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid as enzyme laccase substrate had a great influence on immobilization and enzyme activity of modified membranes. Membrane wettability was found to be < 60°. The modified membrane achieved a rejection of greater than 90 % for the model compound. Enzyme activity was a function of contact time and substrate type. The attained results revealed that catalytic membranes can be an efficient alternative for the removal dissolved organic matter and membrane fouling mitigation during water treatment.
{"title":"Laccase-coated polyethersulfone membranes for organic matter degradation and removal","authors":"M. Motsa, Phumlile P. Mamba, H. J. O. Ogola, T. Msagati, B. Mamba, T. Nkambule","doi":"10.22079/JMSR.2021.139576.1418","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22079/JMSR.2021.139576.1418","url":null,"abstract":"The removal of natural organic matter (NOM) from water is becoming increasingly important for water treatment plants not only to improve drinking water aesthetics such as taste and odor, but also to prevent the formation of carcinogenic disinfection by-products (DBPs). This study applies the catalytic properties of the wood degrading laccase enzyme produced by white rot fungi (WRF) on breaking down and removing organic matter in drinking water. Fungal isolates were collected and screened for their ability to degrade humic acid (HA), a NOM model compound. Highly permeable polyethersulfone (PES) membrane was used as support material for the immobilization of the lignolytic enzymes extracted from Perenniporia sp. and Polyporaceae sp. for the simultaneous degradation and removal of NOM. A 52 % humic acid removal was recorded for the Polyporaceae sp. isolate R. Results showed that addition of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid as enzyme laccase substrate had a great influence on immobilization and enzyme activity of modified membranes. Membrane wettability was found to be < 60°. The modified membrane achieved a rejection of greater than 90 % for the model compound. Enzyme activity was a function of contact time and substrate type. The attained results revealed that catalytic membranes can be an efficient alternative for the removal dissolved organic matter and membrane fouling mitigation during water treatment.","PeriodicalId":16427,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Membrane Science and Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48367017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-08DOI: 10.22079/JMSR.2021.120282.1338
A. Ahmad, N. D. Zaulkiflee, M. Yaacob
Extraction of Acetaminophen (ACTP) using vegetable oils-based emulsion liquid membrane (ELM) was investigated. ELM consists of membrane and internal phases that form the primary water-in-oil (W/O) emulsion by using an ultrasonic probe while the external phase consists of an ACTP aqueous solution. In promoting a greener development, vegetable oil was incorporated in the formulation of ELM, replacing the hazardous conventional petroleum derivatives diluent. The potential of vegetable oil-based solvent was confirmed via a compatibility study with the carrier and surfactant whereby sunflower oil showed an auspicious potential to be employed as a diluent in ELM formulation. The effect of emulsion formulation parameters of the vegetable oil-based ELM was investigated to obtain its best formulation, by taking into consideration the ACTP extraction efficiency. The extraction study carried out using Trioctylamine (TOA) & Aliquat 336 as carrier and ammonia & sodium chloride (NaCl) as internals phase were compared. The parameters involved are emulsification time, extraction time, and the stirring speed was investigated. These works demonstrated that the ELM system was competent to successfully expel 97.73% of ACTP from aqueous solutions under optimum conditions.
{"title":"Acetaminophen Extraction Study using Vegetable Oil-Based Emulsion Liquid Membrane: the juxtaposition of carrier and internal phase","authors":"A. Ahmad, N. D. Zaulkiflee, M. Yaacob","doi":"10.22079/JMSR.2021.120282.1338","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22079/JMSR.2021.120282.1338","url":null,"abstract":"Extraction of Acetaminophen (ACTP) using vegetable oils-based emulsion liquid membrane (ELM) was investigated. ELM consists of membrane and internal phases that form the primary water-in-oil (W/O) emulsion by using an ultrasonic probe while the external phase consists of an ACTP aqueous solution. In promoting a greener development, vegetable oil was incorporated in the formulation of ELM, replacing the hazardous conventional petroleum derivatives diluent. The potential of vegetable oil-based solvent was confirmed via a compatibility study with the carrier and surfactant whereby sunflower oil showed an auspicious potential to be employed as a diluent in ELM formulation. The effect of emulsion formulation parameters of the vegetable oil-based ELM was investigated to obtain its best formulation, by taking into consideration the ACTP extraction efficiency. The extraction study carried out using Trioctylamine (TOA) & Aliquat 336 as carrier and ammonia & sodium chloride (NaCl) as internals phase were compared. The parameters involved are emulsification time, extraction time, and the stirring speed was investigated. These works demonstrated that the ELM system was competent to successfully expel 97.73% of ACTP from aqueous solutions under optimum conditions.","PeriodicalId":16427,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Membrane Science and Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42905752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-26DOI: 10.22079/JMSR.2021.521613.1433
Yingying Chen, J. Baygents, D. Gervasio, J. Farrell
The useful lifetime of bipolar ion exchange membranes is often limited by nucleophilic attack by hydroxide ions on the ionic groups and polymer backbone in the anion exchange layers (AELs). This is especially problematic in water treatment applications for making acid and base from salt solutions. This research investigated the effect of bulk electrolyte composition, current density, membrane thickness, ion exchange capacity, and bulk solution pH value on hydroxide ion concentrations inside the AELs of a bipolar membrane. One-dimensional Nernst-Plank equations were solved for the species Na+, Cl-, OH- and H+ within 20-100 µm thick anion and cation exchange layers with fixed charged densities ranging from 0.5-2.0 eq/L. In 1 M NaCl solutions at neutral pH values, hydroxide concentrations in the AEL reached as high as 2.2 M at a current density of 100 mA/cm2. In 1 M NaOH solutions, hydroxide ion concentrations reached as high as 3.77 M. Hydroxide concentrations in the AEL were significantly affected by the ratio of Cl- to hydroxide ions in the bulk electrolyte. Where hydroxide concentrations in the bulk electrolyte were an order of magnitude lower than chloride concentrations, membrane hydroxide concentrations were nearly proportional to the current density. Increases in ion exchange capacity and AEL thickness resulted in increased membrane hydroxide ion concentrations. Membrane concentrations of hydroxide ions can be minimized by operation at low current densities, with high background electrolyte concentrations using thin membranes with low ion exchange capacities and producing base concentrations less than 0.1 M.
双极性离子交换膜的使用寿命通常受到氢氧化物离子对阴离子交换层中离子基和聚合物主链的亲核攻击的限制。这在从盐溶液制取酸和碱的水处理应用中尤其成问题。本研究考察了电解质组成、电流密度、膜厚度、离子交换容量和溶液pH值对双极膜AELs内氢氧根离子浓度的影响。在20-100µm厚的阴离子和阳离子交换层中，在0.5-2.0 eq/L的固定电荷密度范围内，求解了Na+、Cl-、OH-和H+的一维Nernst-Plank方程。在中性pH值为1 M的NaCl溶液中，当电流密度为100 mA/cm2时，AEL中的氢氧化物浓度高达2.2 M。在1 M NaOH溶液中，氢氧根离子浓度高达3.77 M, AEL中氢氧根离子浓度受体电解质中Cl-与氢氧根离子比例的显著影响。当本体电解质中的氢氧化物浓度比氯化物浓度低一个数量级时，膜上的氢氧化物浓度几乎与电流密度成正比。离子交换容量和AEL厚度的增加导致氢氧化膜离子浓度的增加。在低电流密度下，使用低离子交换能力的薄膜，在高背景电解质浓度下，产生的碱浓度小于0.1 M，可以使氢氧化物离子的膜浓度最小化。
{"title":"Factors Affecting Hydroxide Ion Concentrations in Bipolar Membranes","authors":"Yingying Chen, J. Baygents, D. Gervasio, J. Farrell","doi":"10.22079/JMSR.2021.521613.1433","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22079/JMSR.2021.521613.1433","url":null,"abstract":"The useful lifetime of bipolar ion exchange membranes is often limited by nucleophilic attack by hydroxide ions on the ionic groups and polymer backbone in the anion exchange layers (AELs). This is especially problematic in water treatment applications for making acid and base from salt solutions. This research investigated the effect of bulk electrolyte composition, current density, membrane thickness, ion exchange capacity, and bulk solution pH value on hydroxide ion concentrations inside the AELs of a bipolar membrane. One-dimensional Nernst-Plank equations were solved for the species Na+, Cl-, OH- and H+ within 20-100 µm thick anion and cation exchange layers with fixed charged densities ranging from 0.5-2.0 eq/L. In 1 M NaCl solutions at neutral pH values, hydroxide concentrations in the AEL reached as high as 2.2 M at a current density of 100 mA/cm2. In 1 M NaOH solutions, hydroxide ion concentrations reached as high as 3.77 M. Hydroxide concentrations in the AEL were significantly affected by the ratio of Cl- to hydroxide ions in the bulk electrolyte. Where hydroxide concentrations in the bulk electrolyte were an order of magnitude lower than chloride concentrations, membrane hydroxide concentrations were nearly proportional to the current density. Increases in ion exchange capacity and AEL thickness resulted in increased membrane hydroxide ion concentrations. Membrane concentrations of hydroxide ions can be minimized by operation at low current densities, with high background electrolyte concentrations using thin membranes with low ion exchange capacities and producing base concentrations less than 0.1 M.","PeriodicalId":16427,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Membrane Science and Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42492630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-26DOI: 10.22079/JMSR.2021.130702.1401
D. Koutsonikolas, S. Kaldis, A. Lappas
Most research efforts about pervaporation in the open literature focus on membrane synthesis, trying to improve the membrane properties (flux and selectivity). However, industrial applications of pervaporation technology could become attractive if the current available membranes proved to have sufficient and stable performance in order to be integrated in the toolbox of process engineers, as a complementary separation process. In this study the ethanol dehydration performance of commercial hybrid silica membranes (HybSi®) was assessed in a semi-pilot pervaporation unit from a process-based perspective. The aim of the study was to reveal the high potential of the process and to create a benchmark for future studies in the field. The experimental results showed that the proposed pervaporation process can break the ethanol/water azeotrope, without the need for additional chemicals, resulting thus in the production of high purity ethanol. The overall assessment of the obtained pilot results showed that the proposed process is quite efficient for attracting the industrial interest.
{"title":"Semi-pilot tests of ethanol dehydration using commercial ceramic pervaporation membranes","authors":"D. Koutsonikolas, S. Kaldis, A. Lappas","doi":"10.22079/JMSR.2021.130702.1401","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22079/JMSR.2021.130702.1401","url":null,"abstract":"Most research efforts about pervaporation in the open literature focus on membrane synthesis, trying to improve the membrane properties (flux and selectivity). However, industrial applications of pervaporation technology could become attractive if the current available membranes proved to have sufficient and stable performance in order to be integrated in the toolbox of process engineers, as a complementary separation process. In this study the ethanol dehydration performance of commercial hybrid silica membranes (HybSi®) was assessed in a semi-pilot pervaporation unit from a process-based perspective. The aim of the study was to reveal the high potential of the process and to create a benchmark for future studies in the field. The experimental results showed that the proposed pervaporation process can break the ethanol/water azeotrope, without the need for additional chemicals, resulting thus in the production of high purity ethanol. The overall assessment of the obtained pilot results showed that the proposed process is quite efficient for attracting the industrial interest.","PeriodicalId":16427,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Membrane Science and Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42617346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.22079/JMSR.2020.120490.1334
T. Kusworo, N. Aryanti, D. P. Utomo, Enny Nurmala
Polyethersulfone (PES) membrane can be easily fouled during wastewater treatment as it is slightly hydrophobic. Consequently, several modifications are required to improve membrane surface properties to avoid membrane fouling. UV irradiation and cross-linked polyvinyl alcohol coating on nanohybrid membranes were performed in this study, and PES was combined with ZnO nanoparticles as an inorganic additive. Also, the PES-ZnO nanohybrid membrane was treated under the UV irradiation for a specific exposure time followed with membrane coating using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) by the dip-coating method. Then, rubber wastewater filtration tests were performed using a cross-flow filtration system. The results revealed that the modifications significantly improved permeability and selectivity. As the duration of the UV irradiation increased, the higher mean flux value increased up to 14.55 L.m-2.h-1, but it was sacrificing the rejection efficiency. While the PVA coating decreased the water permeability up to 10.5 L.m-2.h-1 and increased the PVA concentration, the contaminant rejection increased up to 82%. The best membrane composition based on this study consisted of 17 wt.% of PES, 1 wt.% of ZnO nanoparticles, 5 wt.% Polyethylene glycol (PEG), 2 minutes UV irradiation, and 3% PVA coating.
{"title":"Performance Evaluation of PES-ZnO Nanohybrid using a Combination of UV Irradiation and Cross-linking for Wastewater Treatment of the Rubber Industry to Clean Water","authors":"T. Kusworo, N. Aryanti, D. P. Utomo, Enny Nurmala","doi":"10.22079/JMSR.2020.120490.1334","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22079/JMSR.2020.120490.1334","url":null,"abstract":"Polyethersulfone (PES) membrane can be easily fouled during wastewater treatment as it is slightly hydrophobic. Consequently, several modifications are required to improve membrane surface properties to avoid membrane fouling. UV irradiation and cross-linked polyvinyl alcohol coating on nanohybrid membranes were performed in this study, and PES was combined with ZnO nanoparticles as an inorganic additive. Also, the PES-ZnO nanohybrid membrane was treated under the UV irradiation for a specific exposure time followed with membrane coating using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) by the dip-coating method. Then, rubber wastewater filtration tests were performed using a cross-flow filtration system. The results revealed that the modifications significantly improved permeability and selectivity. As the duration of the UV irradiation increased, the higher mean flux value increased up to 14.55 L.m-2.h-1, but it was sacrificing the rejection efficiency. While the PVA coating decreased the water permeability up to 10.5 L.m-2.h-1 and increased the PVA concentration, the contaminant rejection increased up to 82%. The best membrane composition based on this study consisted of 17 wt.% of PES, 1 wt.% of ZnO nanoparticles, 5 wt.% Polyethylene glycol (PEG), 2 minutes UV irradiation, and 3% PVA coating.","PeriodicalId":16427,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Membrane Science and Research","volume":"7 1","pages":"4-13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68132003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-26DOI: 10.22079/JMSR.2020.136920.1411
A. Jomekian, R. Behbahani
ZIF-8 powder was synthesized and entered with concentrations from 10 to 60 wt.% in Pebax 1657 matrix modified with Di-butyl-methylimidazolium fluoride (DBMF) ionic liquid. SEM, XRD and 13C-NMR analysis were applied for the characterization of particles and mixed matrix membranes (MMMs). The results of 13C-NMR analysis suggested that there are possible new carbon-carbon bonds at particle-polymer interface. The CO2/CH4 mixed gas test results showed that the utilization of high concentrations of ZIF-8 in Pebax 1657 matrix was effective. MMMs containing 60 wt. % and 30 wt. % of ZIF-8 showed the highest (24.4) and lowest (12) CO2/CH4 selectivity among all synthesized MMM and pure polymeric samples respectively. The results of Microsoft Excel/Aspen Plus modeling and simulation showed that the increase in membrane area, number of membrane modules and the pressure difference across membranes showed performance advantages for the single-step with permeate recycling (SiSRP) and double step with retentate recycling (DoSRR) configurations of separation systems. The highest CH4 recovery was observed for the double-step with permeate recycling (DoSPR) configurations when the feed was nearly pure CH4. The temperature rise showed a notable increasing effect on permeates flow rates of both gases leading to the deterioration of separation effectiveness of all configurations. The analysis of membrane thickness on gas permeation showed that the synthesis of thinner membranes leads to better separation performance utilizing permeant or/and retentate recycle lead to more purified products.
{"title":"Experimental, modeling and Aspen Plus simulation of different configurations of membrane separation systems for highly loaded CO2 selective Pebax 1657-ZIF-8 membrane","authors":"A. Jomekian, R. Behbahani","doi":"10.22079/JMSR.2020.136920.1411","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22079/JMSR.2020.136920.1411","url":null,"abstract":"ZIF-8 powder was synthesized and entered with concentrations from 10 to 60 wt.% in Pebax 1657 matrix modified with Di-butyl-methylimidazolium fluoride (DBMF) ionic liquid. SEM, XRD and 13C-NMR analysis were applied for the characterization of particles and mixed matrix membranes (MMMs). The results of 13C-NMR analysis suggested that there are possible new carbon-carbon bonds at particle-polymer interface. The CO2/CH4 mixed gas test results showed that the utilization of high concentrations of ZIF-8 in Pebax 1657 matrix was effective. MMMs containing 60 wt. % and 30 wt. % of ZIF-8 showed the highest (24.4) and lowest (12) CO2/CH4 selectivity among all synthesized MMM and pure polymeric samples respectively. The results of Microsoft Excel/Aspen Plus modeling and simulation showed that the increase in membrane area, number of membrane modules and the pressure difference across membranes showed performance advantages for the single-step with permeate recycling (SiSRP) and double step with retentate recycling (DoSRR) configurations of separation systems. The highest CH4 recovery was observed for the double-step with permeate recycling (DoSPR) configurations when the feed was nearly pure CH4. The temperature rise showed a notable increasing effect on permeates flow rates of both gases leading to the deterioration of separation effectiveness of all configurations. The analysis of membrane thickness on gas permeation showed that the synthesis of thinner membranes leads to better separation performance utilizing permeant or/and retentate recycle lead to more purified products.","PeriodicalId":16427,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Membrane Science and Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45406778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-25DOI: 10.22079/JMSR.2020.137656.1413
P. Msomi, V. Mudzunga, R. Moutloali
Multiwall carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were quaternized with trimethylamine to form an anionic conductive CNTS (QCNTs) then blended with quaternized polyethersulfone membrane (QPES) by phase invasion method to obtain a composite membrane with higher permeation, improved rejection and enhanced antifouling properties for forward osmosis application. The membranes and QCNTs were characterized using SEM, TGA, NMR, Raman and FTIR. The fabricated composite membranes showed that addition of QCNTs can improve membrane basic properties when compared to commercial polyethersulfone membranes. This observed improvement could be attributed to the incorporated oxygen and amine functionalities in the CNTs. The 0.1 wt % QCNTs showed a contact angle of 64, reverse solute flux of 7.4 and 6.2 Lm-2h-1 for NaCl and MgSO4 respectively compared to an original pure water flux of 8.058 Lm-2h-1. Humic acid was used as a foulant, when the composited was fouled using humic acid, the 0.1wt.% QCNTs showed a reverse solute flux of 5.7 and 5.0 Lm-2h-1 respectively at room temperature.
{"title":"Evaluation of a quaternized polyethersulfone membrane enhanced with amine functionalized carbon nanotubes for forward osmosis application","authors":"P. Msomi, V. Mudzunga, R. Moutloali","doi":"10.22079/JMSR.2020.137656.1413","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22079/JMSR.2020.137656.1413","url":null,"abstract":"Multiwall carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were quaternized with trimethylamine to form an anionic conductive CNTS (QCNTs) then blended with quaternized polyethersulfone membrane (QPES) by phase invasion method to obtain a composite membrane with higher permeation, improved rejection and enhanced antifouling properties for forward osmosis application. The membranes and QCNTs were characterized using SEM, TGA, NMR, Raman and FTIR. The fabricated composite membranes showed that addition of QCNTs can improve membrane basic properties when compared to commercial polyethersulfone membranes. This observed improvement could be attributed to the incorporated oxygen and amine functionalities in the CNTs. The 0.1 wt % QCNTs showed a contact angle of 64, reverse solute flux of 7.4 and 6.2 Lm-2h-1 for NaCl and MgSO4 respectively compared to an original pure water flux of 8.058 Lm-2h-1. Humic acid was used as a foulant, when the composited was fouled using humic acid, the 0.1wt.% QCNTs showed a reverse solute flux of 5.7 and 5.0 Lm-2h-1 respectively at room temperature.","PeriodicalId":16427,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Membrane Science and Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49004033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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