Pub Date : 2020-09-25DOI: 10.22079/JMSR.2020.131222.1403
H. Abdallah, M. Shalaby, Lifeng Fang, Bao-ku Zhu, A. Shaban
Fouling and virus resistance membranes were prepared by the blending of polyvinylchloride (PVC) with a solution (NS) of manganese acetylacetonate Mn(acac)3. Mixed matrix membranes PVC/Mn(acac)3 exhibit enhancement in properties and performance compared with the blank membrane. In a comparison between prepared mixed matrix membranes, U4 which was prepared from 14 wt% PVC with 1wt% nano solution of Mn(acac)3 exhibits the highest mechanical properties compared with blank membrane and other prepared mixed matrix membranes U3 (15% PVC &1%NS), U5 (14% PVC & 0.5% NS), U6 (14% PVC & 0.2% NS), and U7 (14% PVC & 1.2% NS). The addition of Mn(acac)3 nano-solution to polymeric solution improves the hydrophilicity of the prepared membranes, where the blank membrane U1 ( 16% PVC) exhibits a contact angle of 127.1°±0.5° compared with 40.1°±0.1° for U7 and 48.5°± 0.1° for U4. Also, the membranes' performance was improved, where U1 (blank) provides permeate flux of 65, 51, 40, and 26 L/m2.h and U4 provides 90, 86, 76, and 73 L/m2.h for separation of various concentrations of humic acid 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, and 1 g/L respectively, A virus removal test was carried out on real sewage wastewater. U4 provides 100% removal for all virus removal, while U1 provides 100% removal for rotavirus only. The fouling test results indicate that U4 exhibits antifouling properties, where the flux recovery ratio (FRR) was 99.47%. So, the mixed matrix membrane U4 can be considered a fouling & virus resistance membrane.
{"title":"Mixed Matrix Membranes from Polyvinylchloride and Manganese Organic Complex Compound for Fouling & Viral Resistance","authors":"H. Abdallah, M. Shalaby, Lifeng Fang, Bao-ku Zhu, A. Shaban","doi":"10.22079/JMSR.2020.131222.1403","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22079/JMSR.2020.131222.1403","url":null,"abstract":"Fouling and virus resistance membranes were prepared by the blending of polyvinylchloride (PVC) with a solution (NS) of manganese acetylacetonate Mn(acac)3. Mixed matrix membranes PVC/Mn(acac)3 exhibit enhancement in properties and performance compared with the blank membrane. In a comparison between prepared mixed matrix membranes, U4 which was prepared from 14 wt% PVC with 1wt% nano solution of Mn(acac)3 exhibits the highest mechanical properties compared with blank membrane and other prepared mixed matrix membranes U3 (15% PVC &1%NS), U5 (14% PVC & 0.5% NS), U6 (14% PVC & 0.2% NS), and U7 (14% PVC & 1.2% NS). The addition of Mn(acac)3 nano-solution to polymeric solution improves the hydrophilicity of the prepared membranes, where the blank membrane U1 ( 16% PVC) exhibits a contact angle of 127.1°±0.5° compared with 40.1°±0.1° for U7 and 48.5°± 0.1° for U4. Also, the membranes' performance was improved, where U1 (blank) provides permeate flux of 65, 51, 40, and 26 L/m2.h and U4 provides 90, 86, 76, and 73 L/m2.h for separation of various concentrations of humic acid 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, and 1 g/L respectively, A virus removal test was carried out on real sewage wastewater. U4 provides 100% removal for all virus removal, while U1 provides 100% removal for rotavirus only. The fouling test results indicate that U4 exhibits antifouling properties, where the flux recovery ratio (FRR) was 99.47%. So, the mixed matrix membrane U4 can be considered a fouling & virus resistance membrane.","PeriodicalId":16427,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Membrane Science and Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43781402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-26DOI: 10.22079/JMSR.2020.123767.1386
Mahvash Gharedaghi, M. Omidkhah, S. Abdollahi, A. Ghadimi
This study investigates separation performance of a polymer-IL hybrid membrane comprised of Elvaloy4170 and 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([Emim][Tf2N]) ionic liquid. The goal is to incorporate superior features of Elvaloy4170 as a cost-effective commercial polymer with desirable CO2 permeability and mechanical strength, with those of [Emim][Tf2N] such as high affinity to CO2 molecules for fabricating high performance hybrid membranes. Results revealed that the presence of IL within the polymeric matrix leads to simultaneous enhancement of permeability and selectivity values. This is confirmed by the increase in CO2 permeability from 88 to 141 Barrer accompanied with 2.5 fold increase in CO2/CH4 ideal selectivity in hybrid membrane containing 40 wt. % IL. Both SEM-EDX analysis and Maxwell predictions confirmed the heterogeneous structure of polymer/IL hybrid membranes with no specific chemical interactions confirmed by FTIR-ATR spectra. The hybrid membranes prepared in this study showed promising separation performance at low temperature levels, e.g. CO2/CH4 ideal selectivity reached to 24.3 at 15℃. Moreover, separation performance of the hybrid membranes displayed minute variation facing higher pressures of up to 16 bar.
{"title":"An investigation on gas transport properties of Elvaloy4170/ [Emim][Tf2N] hybrid membranes for efficient CO2/CH4 separation","authors":"Mahvash Gharedaghi, M. Omidkhah, S. Abdollahi, A. Ghadimi","doi":"10.22079/JMSR.2020.123767.1386","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22079/JMSR.2020.123767.1386","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates separation performance of a polymer-IL hybrid membrane comprised of Elvaloy4170 and 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([Emim][Tf2N]) ionic liquid. The goal is to incorporate superior features of Elvaloy4170 as a cost-effective commercial polymer with desirable CO2 permeability and mechanical strength, with those of [Emim][Tf2N] such as high affinity to CO2 molecules for fabricating high performance hybrid membranes. Results revealed that the presence of IL within the polymeric matrix leads to simultaneous enhancement of permeability and selectivity values. This is confirmed by the increase in CO2 permeability from 88 to 141 Barrer accompanied with 2.5 fold increase in CO2/CH4 ideal selectivity in hybrid membrane containing 40 wt. % IL. Both SEM-EDX analysis and Maxwell predictions confirmed the heterogeneous structure of polymer/IL hybrid membranes with no specific chemical interactions confirmed by FTIR-ATR spectra. The hybrid membranes prepared in this study showed promising separation performance at low temperature levels, e.g. CO2/CH4 ideal selectivity reached to 24.3 at 15℃. Moreover, separation performance of the hybrid membranes displayed minute variation facing higher pressures of up to 16 bar.","PeriodicalId":16427,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Membrane Science and Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44446651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-24DOI: 10.22079/JMSR.2020.127883.1387
N. Bolong, I. Saad, B. Ghosh
As green materials, the organic nano-fiber membranes are very potential for diverse functional purposes. The growth parameters based fiber alignment; surface morphology and diameter are key attentions to control mechanical, structural, electrical, and optical properties. These physical aspects of nanofiber are diversified its practical significance in which control of growth techniques is vital. Electrospinning is a facile but pragmatic approach to adjust the growth process by regulating growth parameters. In this study, fabrication of spinning parameter preference to control the nanofiber shape, diameters, and crystalline property are investigated. Different % weight of PVP and PC71BM mixture solution for electrospinning are used in this study. It is observed that the average applied field and solution concentration of active materials are paramount to well-aligned uniform diameter nanofiber having better structure and crystalline properties. The scanning electron microscopic (SEM) study of nanofiber micrograph shows the diameter size of nanofiber and it is validated by Response Surface Model (RSM). A sharp peak of polymer fiber is shown by X-ray diffraction (XRD) that realizes worthy nano-crystalline property. The overall growth process is reinforced by validation from RSM analysis.
{"title":"Electrospinning Growth Parameters Dependent PVP: PC71BM Nanofiber Structure Characterizations and Modeling","authors":"N. Bolong, I. Saad, B. Ghosh","doi":"10.22079/JMSR.2020.127883.1387","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22079/JMSR.2020.127883.1387","url":null,"abstract":"As green materials, the organic nano-fiber membranes are very potential for diverse functional purposes. The growth parameters based fiber alignment; surface morphology and diameter are key attentions to control mechanical, structural, electrical, and optical properties. These physical aspects of nanofiber are diversified its practical significance in which control of growth techniques is vital. Electrospinning is a facile but pragmatic approach to adjust the growth process by regulating growth parameters. In this study, fabrication of spinning parameter preference to control the nanofiber shape, diameters, and crystalline property are investigated. Different % weight of PVP and PC71BM mixture solution for electrospinning are used in this study. It is observed that the average applied field and solution concentration of active materials are paramount to well-aligned uniform diameter nanofiber having better structure and crystalline properties. The scanning electron microscopic (SEM) study of nanofiber micrograph shows the diameter size of nanofiber and it is validated by Response Surface Model (RSM). A sharp peak of polymer fiber is shown by X-ray diffraction (XRD) that realizes worthy nano-crystalline property. The overall growth process is reinforced by validation from RSM analysis.","PeriodicalId":16427,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Membrane Science and Research","volume":"6 1","pages":"433-437"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46819635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-18DOI: 10.22079/JMSR.2020.122267.1356
N. P. Tan, S. Paclijan, S. M. Franco, Rodrigo Abella, Jona Crishelle Lague
Freshly produced and uncalcined solution blow spun-poly (acrylonitrile) (PAN) and poly (vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) nanofiber (NF) membranes were utilized as adsorptive membranes for methylene blue (MB) dye in water under batch adsorption. The effects of various initial dye solution concentrations (3-15 mg/L) and contact time (1-10 minutes) versus its adsorption capabilities of the nanofiber membranes were studied. Furthermore, adsorption isotherm that best fit the experimental data was determined. The equilibrium adsorption capacity, qe , for both nanofiber membranes increased with MB concentration of 3 - 7 mg/L but qe considerably decreased when such MB amounts increased to 15 mg/L. The highest qe obtained was 50.78 and 34.97 mg/g for PAN NF and PVDF NF membranes, respectively. Both NF membranes also showed high MB adsorption with increased contact time until equilibrium was reached. PAN demonstrated better adsorption capacity compared to PVDF at all levels of initial dye concentrations studied. Both nanofiber membranes are proposed to conform to the Dubinin-Radushkevich adsorption isotherm model. Using this model, the predicted values for the highest adsorption capacity, qmax, of PAN and PVDF NF membranes are 55.91 mg/g and 44.06 mg/g, respectively.
{"title":"Fresh and Uncalcined Solution Blow Spinning (SBS)-spun PAN and PVDF Nanofiber Membranes for Methylene blue dye Removal in Water","authors":"N. P. Tan, S. Paclijan, S. M. Franco, Rodrigo Abella, Jona Crishelle Lague","doi":"10.22079/JMSR.2020.122267.1356","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22079/JMSR.2020.122267.1356","url":null,"abstract":"Freshly produced and uncalcined solution blow spun-poly (acrylonitrile) (PAN) and poly (vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) nanofiber (NF) membranes were utilized as adsorptive membranes for methylene blue (MB) dye in water under batch adsorption. The effects of various initial dye solution concentrations (3-15 mg/L) and contact time (1-10 minutes) versus its adsorption capabilities of the nanofiber membranes were studied. Furthermore, adsorption isotherm that best fit the experimental data was determined. The equilibrium adsorption capacity, qe , for both nanofiber membranes increased with MB concentration of 3 - 7 mg/L but qe considerably decreased when such MB amounts increased to 15 mg/L. The highest qe obtained was 50.78 and 34.97 mg/g for PAN NF and PVDF NF membranes, respectively. Both NF membranes also showed high MB adsorption with increased contact time until equilibrium was reached. PAN demonstrated better adsorption capacity compared to PVDF at all levels of initial dye concentrations studied. Both nanofiber membranes are proposed to conform to the Dubinin-Radushkevich adsorption isotherm model. Using this model, the predicted values for the highest adsorption capacity, qmax, of PAN and PVDF NF membranes are 55.91 mg/g and 44.06 mg/g, respectively.","PeriodicalId":16427,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Membrane Science and Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49452885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-10DOI: 10.22079/JMSR.2020.128995.1396
Saeid Rajabzadeh, Hiroki Awaji, Yuchen Sun, D. Saeki, N. Kato, H. Matsuyama
Polyethersulfone (PES) membrane was grafted with sulfobetaine methacrylate (SBMA) zwitterion to obtain a membrane surface with improved hydrophilicity. Successful grafting was confirmed by FTIR-ATR, and grafting density was controlled by adjusting the 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (APTMS)/ trimethoxy(propyl)silane (TMPS) ratio. The interactions between different foulants with the membrane surface were evaluated. Three different foulants, namely, humic acid (HA), bovine serum albumin (BSA), and sodium alginate (SA) were used to evaluate the anti-fouling properties of the grafted PES membrane. It was expected that increasing the surface hydrophilicity would decrease membrane fouling. However, a completely different trend of fouling propensity was observed for the three different foulants. For the grafted membrane with higher hydrophilicity, a considerable anti-fouling phenomenon property was observed when it was exposed to BSA. In contrast, when SA was used as the foulant, there was a slight increase in the anti-fouling propensity, and surprisingly, when HA was used, the modified hydrophilic membrane showed higher fouling than that of the pristine membrane. These results propose that the different trends of fouling are related to the interactions of the foulant molecules with the membrane material. Considering the hydrophilic nature of the HA and SA, and SBMA grafted on the membrane, it was concluded that the conventional approach of making a membrane surface hydrophilic by grafting to avoid its fouling by protein-type foulants may result in even worse results for some types of foulants such as SA and especially HA.
{"title":"Effect of hydrophilic-hydrophilic interactions between the foulant and membrane surface on the fouling propensity of different foulants","authors":"Saeid Rajabzadeh, Hiroki Awaji, Yuchen Sun, D. Saeki, N. Kato, H. Matsuyama","doi":"10.22079/JMSR.2020.128995.1396","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22079/JMSR.2020.128995.1396","url":null,"abstract":"Polyethersulfone (PES) membrane was grafted with sulfobetaine methacrylate (SBMA) zwitterion to obtain a membrane surface with improved hydrophilicity. Successful grafting was confirmed by FTIR-ATR, and grafting density was controlled by adjusting the 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (APTMS)/ trimethoxy(propyl)silane (TMPS) ratio. The interactions between different foulants with the membrane surface were evaluated. Three different foulants, namely, humic acid (HA), bovine serum albumin (BSA), and sodium alginate (SA) were used to evaluate the anti-fouling properties of the grafted PES membrane. It was expected that increasing the surface hydrophilicity would decrease membrane fouling. However, a completely different trend of fouling propensity was observed for the three different foulants. For the grafted membrane with higher hydrophilicity, a considerable anti-fouling phenomenon property was observed when it was exposed to BSA. In contrast, when SA was used as the foulant, there was a slight increase in the anti-fouling propensity, and surprisingly, when HA was used, the modified hydrophilic membrane showed higher fouling than that of the pristine membrane. These results propose that the different trends of fouling are related to the interactions of the foulant molecules with the membrane material. Considering the hydrophilic nature of the HA and SA, and SBMA grafted on the membrane, it was concluded that the conventional approach of making a membrane surface hydrophilic by grafting to avoid its fouling by protein-type foulants may result in even worse results for some types of foulants such as SA and especially HA.","PeriodicalId":16427,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Membrane Science and Research","volume":"6 1","pages":"383-389"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48248224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-19DOI: 10.22079/JMSR.2020.120098.1329
R. Rohani, I. I. Yusoff, V. Manimaran
Palm oil mill effluent (POME) treatment through fermentation under controlled conditions generates biogas with an equal volume of biohydrogen (H2) and carbon dioxide (CO2). The H2 can be utilised for generating renewable energy through a hydrogen fuel cell. However, the existence of CO2 at certain concentration might cause cell poisoning. Therefore, gas upgrading is required. Membrane technology has been identified as one of the best methods for gas upgrading due to its excellent purification performance. In this study, polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) membrane was synthesized at various polymer concentrations of 13-18 wt % through the phase inversion method before being coated with polyethylene glycol (PEG). From the results, the surface negativity and contact angle of the synthesised PVDF membranes were increased at higher PVDF concentration, therefore leading to increase in PVDF membrane’s hydrophobicity. As there was an increase in the membrane’s hydrophobicity, the membrane’s selectivity towards H2 increased as well with the most H2 purity noted at 85%, which was attained by PVDF18 membrane. On adding PEG on the membrane surface, hydrophobicity rose from 81o (pure PVDF) to 100.8o (PVDF-co-PEG10). Moreover, PEG coating on the surface of PVDF membranes has enhanced their selectivity with the highest value of selectivity of up to 3.3. The PVDF-co-PEG10 membrane also has the highest H2 gas purity of up to 96% in comparison to pure PVDF membrane (only 85% H2 purity). This finding proved that PVDF-co-PEG10 membrane possessed a higher preference in the H2/CO2 separation compared to pure PVDF membrane.
{"title":"Polyvinylidene Difluoride-co-Polyethylene Glycol Membrane for Biohydrogen Purification from Palm Oil Mill Effluent Fermentation","authors":"R. Rohani, I. I. Yusoff, V. Manimaran","doi":"10.22079/JMSR.2020.120098.1329","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22079/JMSR.2020.120098.1329","url":null,"abstract":"Palm oil mill effluent (POME) treatment through fermentation under controlled conditions generates biogas with an equal volume of biohydrogen (H2) and carbon dioxide (CO2). The H2 can be utilised for generating renewable energy through a hydrogen fuel cell. However, the existence of CO2 at certain concentration might cause cell poisoning. Therefore, gas upgrading is required. Membrane technology has been identified as one of the best methods for gas upgrading due to its excellent purification performance. In this study, polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) membrane was synthesized at various polymer concentrations of 13-18 wt % through the phase inversion method before being coated with polyethylene glycol (PEG). From the results, the surface negativity and contact angle of the synthesised PVDF membranes were increased at higher PVDF concentration, therefore leading to increase in PVDF membrane’s hydrophobicity. As there was an increase in the membrane’s hydrophobicity, the membrane’s selectivity towards H2 increased as well with the most H2 purity noted at 85%, which was attained by PVDF18 membrane. On adding PEG on the membrane surface, hydrophobicity rose from 81o (pure PVDF) to 100.8o (PVDF-co-PEG10). Moreover, PEG coating on the surface of PVDF membranes has enhanced their selectivity with the highest value of selectivity of up to 3.3. The PVDF-co-PEG10 membrane also has the highest H2 gas purity of up to 96% in comparison to pure PVDF membrane (only 85% H2 purity). This finding proved that PVDF-co-PEG10 membrane possessed a higher preference in the H2/CO2 separation compared to pure PVDF membrane.","PeriodicalId":16427,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Membrane Science and Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46501583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-15DOI: 10.22079/JMSR.2020.121858.1351
T. Magadzu, K. Moganedi, Lutendo E. Macevele
Composite membranes consisting of Poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropene) (PVDF-HFP) blended with functionalised multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and poly-amidoamine (PAMAM) were prepared using a phase inversion technique for adsorptive elimination of Cd (II) ions from contaminated water samples. Upon the addition of PAMAM-MWCNTs on PVDF-HFP, a stable, microporous structure with enhanced surface area and hydrophilic composite membranes were obtained; as confirmed by Focused Ion Beam Scanning electron microscopy (FIB-SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis and contact angle measurements. The pH, adsorption isotherm, thermodynamic parameters and reusability of the composite membranes were investigated in batch experiments. The maximum adsorption capacity of 1 wt.% PAMAM-MWCNTs/PVDF-HFP composite membrane calculated by Langmuir model was 167 mg/g at 25 oC and pH 6.5. All composite membranes demonstrated that the Cd(II) ions adsorption conformed to Freundlich model (R2 = 0.999), which suggests that the adsorption process is multilayer. In addition, the thermodynamic parameters indicated that the adsorption process is spontaneous and endothermic in nature. The adsorption capacity of 1 wt.% PAMAM-MWCNTs/PVDF-HFP composite membrane remained above 90% after four reusability cycles, as confirmed by Inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) analysis. The 1 wt.% PAMAM-MWCNTs/PVDF-HFP composite membrane exhibited higher selectivity coefficients towards Cd(II) in Cu(II), Zn(II) and Ni(II) binary metal solutions.
{"title":"Adsorption of Cadmium (II) ions from aqueous solutions using Poly(amidoamine)/ multi-walled carbon nanotubes doped Poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropene) composite membrane","authors":"T. Magadzu, K. Moganedi, Lutendo E. Macevele","doi":"10.22079/JMSR.2020.121858.1351","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22079/JMSR.2020.121858.1351","url":null,"abstract":"Composite membranes consisting of Poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropene) (PVDF-HFP) blended with functionalised multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and poly-amidoamine (PAMAM) were prepared using a phase inversion technique for adsorptive elimination of Cd (II) ions from contaminated water samples. Upon the addition of PAMAM-MWCNTs on PVDF-HFP, a stable, microporous structure with enhanced surface area and hydrophilic composite membranes were obtained; as confirmed by Focused Ion Beam Scanning electron microscopy (FIB-SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis and contact angle measurements. The pH, adsorption isotherm, thermodynamic parameters and reusability of the composite membranes were investigated in batch experiments. The maximum adsorption capacity of 1 wt.% PAMAM-MWCNTs/PVDF-HFP composite membrane calculated by Langmuir model was 167 mg/g at 25 oC and pH 6.5. All composite membranes demonstrated that the Cd(II) ions adsorption conformed to Freundlich model (R2 = 0.999), which suggests that the adsorption process is multilayer. In addition, the thermodynamic parameters indicated that the adsorption process is spontaneous and endothermic in nature. The adsorption capacity of 1 wt.% PAMAM-MWCNTs/PVDF-HFP composite membrane remained above 90% after four reusability cycles, as confirmed by Inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) analysis. The 1 wt.% PAMAM-MWCNTs/PVDF-HFP composite membrane exhibited higher selectivity coefficients towards Cd(II) in Cu(II), Zn(II) and Ni(II) binary metal solutions.","PeriodicalId":16427,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Membrane Science and Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46689490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-08DOI: 10.22079/JMSR.2020.120097.1332
Iwan Ratman, T. Kusworo, D. P. Utomo
Fouling has been the main problem that seriously hinders membrane applications for petroleum wastewater treatment. This study aimed to explore advanced membrane process integrated with ozonation as a preliminary treatment. Ozone utilization was set at a constant dose of 3000 mg/h for different ozonation times and temperatures. A longer ozonation time significantly improved the removal of pollutants. Ozonation at 30°C for 120 min removed up to 38.25% total dissolved solids (TDS), 73.33% organic compounds expressed as chemical oxygen demand (COD), 11.6% ammonia, and 62.15% total phenol. Although an increase in the ozonation temperature increased ammonia removal by up to a remarkable 82%, it did not significantly affect the TDS, COD, and phenol removal efficiencies. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) evaluations of the fouled membrane revealed that membrane fouling was caused by organic compounds consisting of hydrocarbon oil, benzene, toluene, xylene, phenol, and salt. Ozonation enhanced the permeate flux of the membrane by up to 96% and improved pollutant removal by up to 77%. The ozonation process was also responsible for the reduction of fouling resistance on the membrane surface by up to 21%.
{"title":"Petroleum refinery wastewater treatment using a polysulfone-nano TiO2 hybrid membrane coupled with an ozonation process as a pre-treatment","authors":"Iwan Ratman, T. Kusworo, D. P. Utomo","doi":"10.22079/JMSR.2020.120097.1332","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22079/JMSR.2020.120097.1332","url":null,"abstract":"Fouling has been the main problem that seriously hinders membrane applications for petroleum wastewater treatment. This study aimed to explore advanced membrane process integrated with ozonation as a preliminary treatment. Ozone utilization was set at a constant dose of 3000 mg/h for different ozonation times and temperatures. A longer ozonation time significantly improved the removal of pollutants. Ozonation at 30°C for 120 min removed up to 38.25% total dissolved solids (TDS), 73.33% organic compounds expressed as chemical oxygen demand (COD), 11.6% ammonia, and 62.15% total phenol. Although an increase in the ozonation temperature increased ammonia removal by up to a remarkable 82%, it did not significantly affect the TDS, COD, and phenol removal efficiencies. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) evaluations of the fouled membrane revealed that membrane fouling was caused by organic compounds consisting of hydrocarbon oil, benzene, toluene, xylene, phenol, and salt. Ozonation enhanced the permeate flux of the membrane by up to 96% and improved pollutant removal by up to 77%. The ozonation process was also responsible for the reduction of fouling resistance on the membrane surface by up to 21%.","PeriodicalId":16427,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Membrane Science and Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48628273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-05DOI: 10.22079/JMSR.2020.127635.1384
T. Nkambule, Welldone Moyo, M. Motsa, N. Chaukura, Nomcebo H. Mthombeni, T. Msagati, B. Mamba, Sebastian Bas Heijman
This study demonstrates the fundamental differences in fouling development and mechanisms of unfiltered and 0.45 µm pre-filtered water samples on ceramic membranes. Robust characterization of the feed waters was conducted using gravimetric analysis, optical methods and modeling techniques. UV254 removal and suspended solids (SS) for the unfiltered samples presented a strong correlation (R2 = 0.87). Further, SS exhibited strong correlations with fluorescent fractions (R2 = 0.82; 0.81 and 0.74 for C1; C2 and C3, respectively). This observation confirmed the significance of inorganic particles in the development of a combined fouling layer with fluorescent organic components. The fouling development rate for water sampled from Plattenburg Bay (PL) was higher than the rest of the 0.45 µm pre-filtered samples. This was attributed to the low conductivity (175 µS.m-1) of the water sample, translating to a low ionic strength environment. Samples collected from Hermanus River (HL) and Lepelle River (OL) had similar SS quantity (87.6 mg/L and 88.4 mg/L, respectively), and modified fouling index (MFI) values for raw samples were 6625 and 8060 s/L2 , respectively, despite a very large difference in the content of organic matter (22.67 mg/L.C and 9.81 mg/L.C). This could be due to organic matter attaching onto the surface of particles and reducing the adsorption of NOM within membrane pores and/or onto the membrane active layer. This study demonstrated the extent of in situ background electrolytes, foulant concentration, foulant-foulant interactions, foulant-membrane interaction and physicochemical properties of feed stream on fouling development and mechanisms.
{"title":"The synergistic fouling of ceramic membranes by particles and natural organic matter fractions using different surface waters in South Africa","authors":"T. Nkambule, Welldone Moyo, M. Motsa, N. Chaukura, Nomcebo H. Mthombeni, T. Msagati, B. Mamba, Sebastian Bas Heijman","doi":"10.22079/JMSR.2020.127635.1384","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22079/JMSR.2020.127635.1384","url":null,"abstract":"This study demonstrates the fundamental differences in fouling development and mechanisms of unfiltered and 0.45 µm pre-filtered water samples on ceramic membranes. Robust characterization of the feed waters was conducted using gravimetric analysis, optical methods and modeling techniques. UV254 removal and suspended solids (SS) for the unfiltered samples presented a strong correlation (R2 = 0.87). Further, SS exhibited strong correlations with fluorescent fractions (R2 = 0.82; 0.81 and 0.74 for C1; C2 and C3, respectively). This observation confirmed the significance of inorganic particles in the development of a combined fouling layer with fluorescent organic components. The fouling development rate for water sampled from Plattenburg Bay (PL) was higher than the rest of the 0.45 µm pre-filtered samples. This was attributed to the low conductivity (175 µS.m-1) of the water sample, translating to a low ionic strength environment. Samples collected from Hermanus River (HL) and Lepelle River (OL) had similar SS quantity (87.6 mg/L and 88.4 mg/L, respectively), and modified fouling index (MFI) values for raw samples were 6625 and 8060 s/L2 , respectively, despite a very large difference in the content of organic matter (22.67 mg/L.C and 9.81 mg/L.C). This could be due to organic matter attaching onto the surface of particles and reducing the adsorption of NOM within membrane pores and/or onto the membrane active layer. This study demonstrated the extent of in situ background electrolytes, foulant concentration, foulant-foulant interactions, foulant-membrane interaction and physicochemical properties of feed stream on fouling development and mechanisms.","PeriodicalId":16427,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Membrane Science and Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44510305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-04DOI: 10.22079/JMSR.2020.123563.1358
M. Altınbaş, H. Ozturk, E. Iren
The aim of this study was to find a cost-efficient leachate treatment system by comparing two MBR systems, flat sheet and hollow fiber. Data collected through continuous monitoring and laboratory analysis over the last two years has been evaluated in terms of treatment performance and economic analysis. MBR systems were found to be as effective and economical in terms of color, SS removal, and total treatment efficiency. It has been observed that the flat sheet membranes were clogged up in six weeks, while the hollow fiber membranes took 12–16 weeks to clog. Moreover, the hollow fiber module was less clogged and needed shorter washing times, resulting in lower amounts of chemical consumption. Hollow fiber membrane systems, compared to flat sheet membrane systems, have higher operational availability and lower maintenance costs. For the first time, the advantage of using submerged hollow fiber for the treatment of high-strength landfill leachate has been clearly demonstrated.
{"title":"FULL SCALE SANITARY LANDFILL LEACHATE TREATMENT: Flat Sheet vs Hollow Fiber","authors":"M. Altınbaş, H. Ozturk, E. Iren","doi":"10.22079/JMSR.2020.123563.1358","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22079/JMSR.2020.123563.1358","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to find a cost-efficient leachate treatment system by comparing two MBR systems, flat sheet and hollow fiber. Data collected through continuous monitoring and laboratory analysis over the last two years has been evaluated in terms of treatment performance and economic analysis. MBR systems were found to be as effective and economical in terms of color, SS removal, and total treatment efficiency. It has been observed that the flat sheet membranes were clogged up in six weeks, while the hollow fiber membranes took 12–16 weeks to clog. Moreover, the hollow fiber module was less clogged and needed shorter washing times, resulting in lower amounts of chemical consumption. Hollow fiber membrane systems, compared to flat sheet membrane systems, have higher operational availability and lower maintenance costs. For the first time, the advantage of using submerged hollow fiber for the treatment of high-strength landfill leachate has been clearly demonstrated.","PeriodicalId":16427,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Membrane Science and Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47828134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：