Pub Date : 2020-11-06DOI: 10.22079/JMSR.2020.123415.1357
A. Priyangga, Z. Mumtazah, H. Junoh, J. Jaafar, L. Atmaja
This work discusses the synthesis and characterizations of the newly developed composite membranes based on chitosan/phthaloyl chitosan (Cs/PhCs) as a matrix with various compositions of multi-walled carbon nanotube/montmorillonite (MWCNT/MMT) filler. The Cs/PhCs/MWCNT/MMT composite membranes are synthesized via the solvent evaporation method and were investigated by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS), and DMFC single cell test. The FTIR characterization result showed that all membranes have origin peaks at 3433, 2943, and 1525 cm-1 contributed to vibrations of O-H, C-H, and N-H group, respectively. Meanwhile, the composite membranes with 7.5 and 8 wt.% filler have characteristic peaks of vibration Si-O-Si, Si-OH, and Si-O at 1209, 886, and 591 cm-1 respectively. Cross-sectional micrographs of SEM and AFM revealed that the composite membrane with 7.5 wt.% filler had moderate surface roughness than the other as-fabricated membranes. As a result, this nanocomposite membrane can be an alternative polyelectrolyte membrane for DMFC applications. The resulting Cs/PhCs/MWCNT/MMT-1 composite membrane has the selectivity up to 5.13×105 S.s.cm-3 with the DMFC performance at 23.60 mW cm-2.Keywords: chitosan, carbon nanotube, morphology, topography, direct methanol fuel cell
{"title":"Morphology and Topography Studies of Composite Membranes Developed from Chitosan/Phthaloyl Chitosan Consisting Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube/Montmorillonite as Filler","authors":"A. Priyangga, Z. Mumtazah, H. Junoh, J. Jaafar, L. Atmaja","doi":"10.22079/JMSR.2020.123415.1357","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22079/JMSR.2020.123415.1357","url":null,"abstract":"This work discusses the synthesis and characterizations of the newly developed composite membranes based on chitosan/phthaloyl chitosan (Cs/PhCs) as a matrix with various compositions of multi-walled carbon nanotube/montmorillonite (MWCNT/MMT) filler. The Cs/PhCs/MWCNT/MMT composite membranes are synthesized via the solvent evaporation method and were investigated by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS), and DMFC single cell test. The FTIR characterization result showed that all membranes have origin peaks at 3433, 2943, and 1525 cm-1 contributed to vibrations of O-H, C-H, and N-H group, respectively. Meanwhile, the composite membranes with 7.5 and 8 wt.% filler have characteristic peaks of vibration Si-O-Si, Si-OH, and Si-O at 1209, 886, and 591 cm-1 respectively. Cross-sectional micrographs of SEM and AFM revealed that the composite membrane with 7.5 wt.% filler had moderate surface roughness than the other as-fabricated membranes. As a result, this nanocomposite membrane can be an alternative polyelectrolyte membrane for DMFC applications. The resulting Cs/PhCs/MWCNT/MMT-1 composite membrane has the selectivity up to 5.13×105 S.s.cm-3 with the DMFC performance at 23.60 mW cm-2.Keywords: chitosan, carbon nanotube, morphology, topography, direct methanol fuel cell","PeriodicalId":16427,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Membrane Science and Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42931508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-01DOI: 10.22079/JMSR.2020.117738.1310
N. Arsat, J. Jaafar, W. Lau, M. Othman, Mukhlis A. Rahman, F. Aziz, N. Yusof, W. Salleh, A. Ismail
The conventional nanofiber-supported forward osmosis (FO) membrane possessed some issues, for example, easy deformation and weak interfacial strength between the substrate and selective layer. A dual-layered composite membrane consists of electrospun nanofibrous membranes (ENMs) as the support layer and cross-linked polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) top coating as the active layer is fabricated. Hence, the objective of this work is to study the physical properties of the prepared PVA/ polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) composite membranes. The novelty of this work relies on the new exploitation of the prepared dual-layered thin film nanofibrous composite (TFNC) membranes via the cross-linked technique in the FO process. The experiment works include the fabrication of nanofibrous substrates and selective layer via electrospinning, followed by the PVA cross-linking process prior to the characterisation studies and FO evaluation. FO performance test revealed a comparable water flux with the conventional dual-layered composite membrane, besides exhibited a significantly low Js /Jw ratio. This study indicated that dual-layered cross-linked PVA on electrospun PVDF nanofibers is a promising approach to overcome the drawback of the existing issues in the conventional method of preparing surface coated composite membranes which is a viable option to manufacture high-performance TFNC-FO membranes.
{"title":"Physical Studies of Forward Osmosis Membranes Prepared by Cross-linking Polyvinyl Alcohol on Electrospun Nanofibers","authors":"N. Arsat, J. Jaafar, W. Lau, M. Othman, Mukhlis A. Rahman, F. Aziz, N. Yusof, W. Salleh, A. Ismail","doi":"10.22079/JMSR.2020.117738.1310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22079/JMSR.2020.117738.1310","url":null,"abstract":"The conventional nanofiber-supported forward osmosis (FO) membrane possessed some issues, for example, easy deformation and weak interfacial strength between the substrate and selective layer. A dual-layered composite membrane consists of electrospun nanofibrous membranes (ENMs) as the support layer and cross-linked polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) top coating as the active layer is fabricated. Hence, the objective of this work is to study the physical properties of the prepared PVA/ polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) composite membranes. The novelty of this work relies on the new exploitation of the prepared dual-layered thin film nanofibrous composite (TFNC) membranes via the cross-linked technique in the FO process. The experiment works include the fabrication of nanofibrous substrates and selective layer via electrospinning, followed by the PVA cross-linking process prior to the characterisation studies and FO evaluation. FO performance test revealed a comparable water flux with the conventional dual-layered composite membrane, besides exhibited a significantly low Js /Jw ratio. This study indicated that dual-layered cross-linked PVA on electrospun PVDF nanofibers is a promising approach to overcome the drawback of the existing issues in the conventional method of preparing surface coated composite membranes which is a viable option to manufacture high-performance TFNC-FO membranes.","PeriodicalId":16427,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Membrane Science and Research","volume":"6 1","pages":"359-366"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43742064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-01DOI: 10.22079/JMSR.2020.122768.1353
F. Banat, A. Hai, M. Selvaraj, Bharath Govindan, Rambabu Krishnamoorthy, Shadi W. Hassan
Oil-water separation using hierarchical-structured superhydrophobic and superoleophilic membranes have been recently received remarkable attention. In this study, a polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) based membrane was prepared by a non-solvent induced phase inversion method for oil-water emulsions separation. The influences of the two key parameters, namely the concentration of emulsifying agent and water content of the feed emulsion, on the membrane performance were investigated in terms of the permeate flux and water rejection. Span-80, distilled water and n-eptane were employed as an emulsifying agent, dispersed phase and continuous phase, respectively. Results showed that an increase in the emulsifier concentration led to a decrease in the oil permeate flux and water rejection. The emulsifier concentration had the most significant effect on the oil-water separation compared with the water content in the feed emulsion. In a continuous experiment lasted for 120 h, more than 95% water rejection was maintained but with a significant drop in oil flux. The well-structured superhydrophobic PVDF membrane showed promise for water-in-oil emulsion separations.
{"title":"Demulsification Performance of Superhydrophobic PVDF Membrane: A Parametric Study","authors":"F. Banat, A. Hai, M. Selvaraj, Bharath Govindan, Rambabu Krishnamoorthy, Shadi W. Hassan","doi":"10.22079/JMSR.2020.122768.1353","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22079/JMSR.2020.122768.1353","url":null,"abstract":"Oil-water separation using hierarchical-structured superhydrophobic and superoleophilic membranes have been recently received remarkable attention. In this study, a polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) based membrane was prepared by a non-solvent induced phase inversion method for oil-water emulsions separation. The influences of the two key parameters, namely the concentration of emulsifying agent and water content of the feed emulsion, on the membrane performance were investigated in terms of the permeate flux and water rejection. Span-80, distilled water and n-eptane were employed as an emulsifying agent, dispersed phase and continuous phase, respectively. Results showed that an increase in the emulsifier concentration led to a decrease in the oil permeate flux and water rejection. The emulsifier concentration had the most significant effect on the oil-water separation compared with the water content in the feed emulsion. In a continuous experiment lasted for 120 h, more than 95% water rejection was maintained but with a significant drop in oil flux. The well-structured superhydrophobic PVDF membrane showed promise for water-in-oil emulsion separations.","PeriodicalId":16427,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Membrane Science and Research","volume":"6 1","pages":"390-394"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45840849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-01DOI: 10.22079/JMSR.2020.128618.1394
Einallah Khademian, M. Moraveji, M. Dadvar, Hamidreza Sanaeepur
The plasticization of mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) in the presence of solid particles differs from pure glassy polymeric membranes. This study aims to develop a mathematical model for gas permeability in the glassy polymer/nano-porous filler MMMs, considering the plasticization phenomenon in the presence of the solid particles. The diffusivity of each component is assumed to be a function of the plasticization in the presence of nano-porous fillers. The partial immobilization model with the insertion of filler contributions in gas solubility of MMMs is also applied to determine the fraction of sorbed mobile gases. In this case, the model parameters were determined by fitting the experimental data of cellulose acetate/sodium Y zeolite (CA/NaY) MMMs for CO2 /N2 separation. The results showed that the plasticization parameter (β) is reduced by increasing the zeolite content in the MMMs, both for CO2 and N2 gases. The MMM plasticization declined by a shift in the plasticization pressure towards larger values. Except for the MMM with 20 wt.% NaY content, CO2 - induced plasticization fugacities of all the MMMs were best modeled with a relative error of less than 8%. Moreover, an acceptable mean relative error of 7.57% was obtained for all the MMMs containing 0-20 wt. % NaY. Statistical analysis with calculating the Pearson correlation’s parameters showed a direct and strong relationship between the two coefficients C′HA and b. Furthermore, it revealed a close relationship between all other coefficients, while no relationships were observed between D0 and β, and also, F and D0 for both the CO2 and N2 gases, maybe because of the small sizes of these coefficients. The zeolite particles play a role of anti-plasticizer. Additionally, by increasing the zeolite loading, the gas diffusivity variations in the membranes decreased. This reduction is another sign of the plasticization reduction in the MMMs as compared to the pure glassy membranes.
{"title":"Plasticization Modeling in Cellulose Acetate/NaY Mixed Matrix Membranes","authors":"Einallah Khademian, M. Moraveji, M. Dadvar, Hamidreza Sanaeepur","doi":"10.22079/JMSR.2020.128618.1394","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22079/JMSR.2020.128618.1394","url":null,"abstract":"The plasticization of mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) in the presence of solid particles differs from pure glassy polymeric membranes. This study aims to develop a mathematical model for gas permeability in the glassy polymer/nano-porous filler MMMs, considering the plasticization phenomenon in the presence of the solid particles. The diffusivity of each component is assumed to be a function of the plasticization in the presence of nano-porous fillers. The partial immobilization model with the insertion of filler contributions in gas solubility of MMMs is also applied to determine the fraction of sorbed mobile gases. In this case, the model parameters were determined by fitting the experimental data of cellulose acetate/sodium Y zeolite (CA/NaY) MMMs for CO2 /N2 separation. The results showed that the plasticization parameter (β) is reduced by increasing the zeolite content in the MMMs, both for CO2 and N2 gases. The MMM plasticization declined by a shift in the plasticization pressure towards larger values. Except for the MMM with 20 wt.% NaY content, CO2 - induced plasticization fugacities of all the MMMs were best modeled with a relative error of less than 8%. Moreover, an acceptable mean relative error of 7.57% was obtained for all the MMMs containing 0-20 wt. % NaY. Statistical analysis with calculating the Pearson correlation’s parameters showed a direct and strong relationship between the two coefficients C′HA and b. Furthermore, it revealed a close relationship between all other coefficients, while no relationships were observed between D0 and β, and also, F and D0 for both the CO2 and N2 gases, maybe because of the small sizes of these coefficients. The zeolite particles play a role of anti-plasticizer. Additionally, by increasing the zeolite loading, the gas diffusivity variations in the membranes decreased. This reduction is another sign of the plasticization reduction in the MMMs as compared to the pure glassy membranes.","PeriodicalId":16427,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Membrane Science and Research","volume":"6 1","pages":"367-374"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45129128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-01DOI: 10.22079/JMSR.2020.124107.1365
U. Fathanah, I. Machdar, M. Riza, N. Arahman, M. Yusuf, S. Muchtar, M. Bilad, N. Nordin
One of the most straight-forward approaches to improve the membrane performance is by imposing the hydrophilic property. This paper discusses the fabrication of polyethersulfone (PES)-based membranes using chitosan and Mg(OH)2 as organic and inorganic additives with the specific aim of increasing membrane hydrophilicity, respectively. Three variants of dope solutions were prepared with the addition of 1 wt% chitosan, 1 wt% Mg(OH)2 and a combination of chitosan/Mg(OH)2 into three different PES polymer solutions. The effects of additives on the resulting membranes were evaluated in terms of chemical functional groups by ATR-FTIR, morphological changes by SEM, and hydrophilicity degree of membrane surface based on the water contact angle (WCA), as well as the filtration profile, and antifouling properties. SEM images shows that the presence of additives altered the morphological structure of the membrane. It also enhanced the hydrophilicity significantly as shown by decreasing WCA from 84.2° to 68°. The modification also brings notable effects on the membrane performance as proven by the enhanced permeability of both pure water and humic acid (HA) solution as well as acceptable rejection of the HA solute. Overall, the Mg(OH)2 -modified PES membrane produces much greater permeability and antifouling property compared to the rest thanks to its good hydrophilicity.
{"title":"Enhancement of Antifouling of Ultrafiltration Polyethersulfone Membrane with Hybrid Mg(OH)2/Chitosan by Polymer Blending","authors":"U. Fathanah, I. Machdar, M. Riza, N. Arahman, M. Yusuf, S. Muchtar, M. Bilad, N. Nordin","doi":"10.22079/JMSR.2020.124107.1365","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22079/JMSR.2020.124107.1365","url":null,"abstract":"One of the most straight-forward approaches to improve the membrane performance is by imposing the hydrophilic property. This paper discusses the fabrication of polyethersulfone (PES)-based membranes using chitosan and Mg(OH)2 as organic and inorganic additives with the specific aim of increasing membrane hydrophilicity, respectively. Three variants of dope solutions were prepared with the addition of 1 wt% chitosan, 1 wt% Mg(OH)2 and a combination of chitosan/Mg(OH)2 into three different PES polymer solutions. The effects of additives on the resulting membranes were evaluated in terms of chemical functional groups by ATR-FTIR, morphological changes by SEM, and hydrophilicity degree of membrane surface based on the water contact angle (WCA), as well as the filtration profile, and antifouling properties. SEM images shows that the presence of additives altered the morphological structure of the membrane. It also enhanced the hydrophilicity significantly as shown by decreasing WCA from 84.2° to 68°. The modification also brings notable effects on the membrane performance as proven by the enhanced permeability of both pure water and humic acid (HA) solution as well as acceptable rejection of the HA solute. Overall, the Mg(OH)2 -modified PES membrane produces much greater permeability and antifouling property compared to the rest thanks to its good hydrophilicity.","PeriodicalId":16427,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Membrane Science and Research","volume":"6 1","pages":"375-382"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43060806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-01DOI: 10.22079/JMSR.2020.135081.1407
A. Moslehyani, R. Farnood, S. Tabe, T. Matsuura, A. Ismail
In this work, the removal of arsenic (III) from contaminated water by means of electrospun nanofiber adsorptive membranes (ENAMs) has been reported. Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) was used for preparation of the ENAMs incorporating titanium dioxide (TiO2)-halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) nanoparticles as adsorbents. Removal of arsenic (III) by the prepared ENAMs was studied at adsorbent to polymer ratios of 0, 0.25, and 0.5 w/w. The addition of TiO2-HNTs to the polymer left visible changes on the structural morphology and fibers properties of the membrane. The membrane samples were characterized by pure water permeability, contact angle measurement, TEM, SEM, XPS, and XRD. Results indicated that by increasing the TiO2-HNT content, the adsorption capacity of the membrane improved. A maximum of 31.2 mg/g of arsenic adsorption was achieved using TiO2-HNTto PVDF ratio of 0.5 w/w. The ENAMs were able to reduce the arsenic (III) concentration to less than 10 ppb, the level recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO). Moreover, the adsorptive properties of the nanocomposite fibers were restored to 94% of the original capacity by cleaning the membranes using sodium hydroxide solution followed by DI water flushing.
{"title":"Novel Nanocomposite HNT-TiO2/PVDF Adsorptive Nanofiber Membranes for Arsenic (III) Removal","authors":"A. Moslehyani, R. Farnood, S. Tabe, T. Matsuura, A. Ismail","doi":"10.22079/JMSR.2020.135081.1407","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22079/JMSR.2020.135081.1407","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, the removal of arsenic (III) from contaminated water by means of electrospun nanofiber adsorptive membranes (ENAMs) has been reported. Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) was used for preparation of the ENAMs incorporating titanium dioxide (TiO2)-halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) nanoparticles as adsorbents. Removal of arsenic (III) by the prepared ENAMs was studied at adsorbent to polymer ratios of 0, 0.25, and 0.5 w/w. The addition of TiO2-HNTs to the polymer left visible changes on the structural morphology and fibers properties of the membrane. The membrane samples were characterized by pure water permeability, contact angle measurement, TEM, SEM, XPS, and XRD. Results indicated that by increasing the TiO2-HNT content, the adsorption capacity of the membrane improved. A maximum of 31.2 mg/g of arsenic adsorption was achieved using TiO2-HNTto PVDF ratio of 0.5 w/w. The ENAMs were able to reduce the arsenic (III) concentration to less than 10 ppb, the level recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO). Moreover, the adsorptive properties of the nanocomposite fibers were restored to 94% of the original capacity by cleaning the membranes using sodium hydroxide solution followed by DI water flushing.","PeriodicalId":16427,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Membrane Science and Research","volume":"6 1","pages":"416-423"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48315535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-01DOI: 10.22079/JMSR.2020.128323.1391
S. Hasheminasab, J. Barzin, Rahim Dehghan
the preparation of high-performance hemodialysis membrane, the effect of polyethylene glycol (PEG), polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), and also the simultaneous effect of both additives in the polyethersulfone (PES) membrane were investigated. Viscosity measurements demonstrated that PVP has better compatibility with PES, owing to the amorphous nature, closer glassy transition temperature (Tg), and solubility parameters rather than PEG (semi-crystalline and low Tg). This could lead to enhancement in the solution viscosity. SEM results revealed that membranes morphology was dependent upon casting solution viscosity and with increasing viscosity; the formation of macro-voids suppressed and achieving to a membrane with a smaller mean pore size would be possible. The results of the AFM study demonstrated that, with the addition of PVP, membranes with smooth surface were achieved. In contrast, the PEG addition led to a rougher membrane surface. The results verified that PEG had a tangible effect on the permeability of membrane rather than PVP or blend of PVP and PEG, which is owing to its impressive pore-forming role. The maximum pure water permeability (PWP) was achieved for MV4 (24.9 L/m2.h.bar), MG2 (44.8 L/m2.h.bar), MVG2 (25.2 L/m2.h.bar), and MVG3 (25.1 L/m2.h.bar). Rejection test showed that MV3, MV4, MG3, MG4, MVG2, and MVG3 had the best performance in terms of urea removal and maintaining other components, especially bovine serum albumin (BSA). In-vitro cytotoxicity demonstrated the biocompatibility of MV2, MG3, and MVG3 as representative of all membranes. The lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) test confirmed that PVP has a tangible effect on the reduction of platelet adhesion on the membrane surface.
{"title":"High-Performance Hemodialysis Membrane: Influence of Polyethylene Glycol and Polyvinylpyrrolidone in the Polyethersulfone Membrane","authors":"S. Hasheminasab, J. Barzin, Rahim Dehghan","doi":"10.22079/JMSR.2020.128323.1391","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22079/JMSR.2020.128323.1391","url":null,"abstract":"the preparation of high-performance hemodialysis membrane, the effect of polyethylene glycol (PEG), polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), and also the simultaneous effect of both additives in the polyethersulfone (PES) membrane were investigated. Viscosity measurements demonstrated that PVP has better compatibility with PES, owing to the amorphous nature, closer glassy transition temperature (Tg), and solubility parameters rather than PEG (semi-crystalline and low Tg). This could lead to enhancement in the solution viscosity. SEM results revealed that membranes morphology was dependent upon casting solution viscosity and with increasing viscosity; the formation of macro-voids suppressed and achieving to a membrane with a smaller mean pore size would be possible. The results of the AFM study demonstrated that, with the addition of PVP, membranes with smooth surface were achieved. In contrast, the PEG addition led to a rougher membrane surface. The results verified that PEG had a tangible effect on the permeability of membrane rather than PVP or blend of PVP and PEG, which is owing to its impressive pore-forming role. The maximum pure water permeability (PWP) was achieved for MV4 (24.9 L/m2.h.bar), MG2 (44.8 L/m2.h.bar), MVG2 (25.2 L/m2.h.bar), and MVG3 (25.1 L/m2.h.bar). Rejection test showed that MV3, MV4, MG3, MG4, MVG2, and MVG3 had the best performance in terms of urea removal and maintaining other components, especially bovine serum albumin (BSA). In-vitro cytotoxicity demonstrated the biocompatibility of MV2, MG3, and MVG3 as representative of all membranes. The lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) test confirmed that PVP has a tangible effect on the reduction of platelet adhesion on the membrane surface.","PeriodicalId":16427,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Membrane Science and Research","volume":"6 1","pages":"438-448"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45035817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-01DOI: 10.22079/JMSR.2020.120978.1341
N. Nordin, S. Shafie, M. Marzuki, M. Bilad, N. Sazali, N. M. Ismail, A. Ismail
Ionic liquids (ILs) have been studied for CO2 capture owing to the excellent properties of having high CO2 affinity and negligible vapor pressure. The incorporation of IL in polycarbonate (PC) based Mixed Matrix Membrane (MMM) is becoming one of the promising approaches for developing membrane for CO2 /CH4 separation. Silica nanoparticle has also been proven to improve performance of MMM for CO2 /CH4 separation. Thus, this study investigates the effect of direct blending of IL (1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, [EMIM][Tf2 N]) and silica into the MMM on its properties and CO2 /CH4 separation performances. The immobilization of silica particles and [EMIM][Tf2 N] was confirmed from the FTIR peaks data. The IL in the MMM significantly increases the MMM rigidity as ascribed by its enhanced glass transition temperature. The IL in the MMM improves the interaction by acting as a bridging agent between silica particles and PC. The MMM with 1 wt% of fillers and IL shows the highest performance by enhancing CO2 permeability by 13 folds and selectivity by 35% compared to that of pure PC membrane. The results suggest that low loading of silica/IL in MMM is noteworthy to be explored and further studies at high loading are warranted.
{"title":"Performance and Characterizations of [EMIM][Tf2N] and Silica Direct Blending in Mixed Matrix Membrane for CO2 /CH4 Separation","authors":"N. Nordin, S. Shafie, M. Marzuki, M. Bilad, N. Sazali, N. M. Ismail, A. Ismail","doi":"10.22079/JMSR.2020.120978.1341","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22079/JMSR.2020.120978.1341","url":null,"abstract":"Ionic liquids (ILs) have been studied for CO2 capture owing to the excellent properties of having high CO2 affinity and negligible vapor pressure. The incorporation of IL in polycarbonate (PC) based Mixed Matrix Membrane (MMM) is becoming one of the promising approaches for developing membrane for CO2 /CH4 separation. Silica nanoparticle has also been proven to improve performance of MMM for CO2 /CH4 separation. Thus, this study investigates the effect of direct blending of IL (1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, [EMIM][Tf2 N]) and silica into the MMM on its properties and CO2 /CH4 separation performances. The immobilization of silica particles and [EMIM][Tf2 N] was confirmed from the FTIR peaks data. The IL in the MMM significantly increases the MMM rigidity as ascribed by its enhanced glass transition temperature. The IL in the MMM improves the interaction by acting as a bridging agent between silica particles and PC. The MMM with 1 wt% of fillers and IL shows the highest performance by enhancing CO2 permeability by 13 folds and selectivity by 35% compared to that of pure PC membrane. The results suggest that low loading of silica/IL in MMM is noteworthy to be explored and further studies at high loading are warranted.","PeriodicalId":16427,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Membrane Science and Research","volume":"6 1","pages":"395-400"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42667580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-01DOI: 10.22079/JMSR.2020.129954.1400
Jing Yi Chin, A. Ahmad, S. Low
Shortage of freshwater supply is now a pressing worldwide stress. While there is plenty of water on this blue planet, a major portion of it is inapt for human use due to its high salt content. A string of desalination technologies was thus presented to convert high salinity water sources into fresh ones. The conventional desalination technologies are capable to perform desalination effectively. Nonetheless, concern like their energy efficiency is put forward. Following that, this review aims to discuss the feasibility of employing membrane distillation (MD), an advanced application that outperforms conventional desalination technologies in terms of its energy efficiency to treat various kinds of high salinity wastewaters. Challenges associated with MD were investigated whereby emphasis was given to membrane pore wetting issue. The latter part of this review focused on resolving MD’s challenges via synthesis of superhydrophobic membranes by inducing surface roughness and lowering surface energy of neat membranes. Various fabrication materials and modification methods such as direct manufacturing and addition of extrinsic additives to produce anti-wetting membrane were scrutinized. The superhydrophobic modification techniques include incorporation of nanoparticles, solvent exchange and plasma treatment, have successfully brought up the static contact angle of modified membranes to 150-173o. Those techniques resulted in enhanced permeate flow, with rejection of undesired component close to 100%. In short, MD demonstrates superiorities with regards to its thermal efficiency and stable desalting performances. MD also sees potentials in treating saline effluent from aquaculture, an imperative industry developed aggressively recently to bridge global food supply and demand.
{"title":"Anti-Wetting Membrane Distillation to Treat High Salinity Wastewater: Review","authors":"Jing Yi Chin, A. Ahmad, S. Low","doi":"10.22079/JMSR.2020.129954.1400","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22079/JMSR.2020.129954.1400","url":null,"abstract":"Shortage of freshwater supply is now a pressing worldwide stress. While there is plenty of water on this blue planet, a major portion of it is inapt for human use due to its high salt content. A string of desalination technologies was thus presented to convert high salinity water sources into fresh ones. The conventional desalination technologies are capable to perform desalination effectively. Nonetheless, concern like their energy efficiency is put forward. Following that, this review aims to discuss the feasibility of employing membrane distillation (MD), an advanced application that outperforms conventional desalination technologies in terms of its energy efficiency to treat various kinds of high salinity wastewaters. Challenges associated with MD were investigated whereby emphasis was given to membrane pore wetting issue. The latter part of this review focused on resolving MD’s challenges via synthesis of superhydrophobic membranes by inducing surface roughness and lowering surface energy of neat membranes. Various fabrication materials and modification methods such as direct manufacturing and addition of extrinsic additives to produce anti-wetting membrane were scrutinized. The superhydrophobic modification techniques include incorporation of nanoparticles, solvent exchange and plasma treatment, have successfully brought up the static contact angle of modified membranes to 150-173o. Those techniques resulted in enhanced permeate flow, with rejection of undesired component close to 100%. In short, MD demonstrates superiorities with regards to its thermal efficiency and stable desalting performances. MD also sees potentials in treating saline effluent from aquaculture, an imperative industry developed aggressively recently to bridge global food supply and demand.","PeriodicalId":16427,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Membrane Science and Research","volume":"6 1","pages":"401-415"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46861345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-01DOI: 10.22079/JMSR.2020.128313.1390
R. Naim, N. H. W. Hazmo, L. W. Jye, A. Ismail
The incorporation of nanoparticles into a polymer membrane has been an attractive option to minimize the membrane fouling. Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) nanocomposite membranes incorporated with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) was prepared in this work via the blending method. The impact of the concentration of inorganic additives (0.1 wt.%, 0.3 wt.% and 0.5 wt.%) on the membrane properties was studied. The prepared membranes were characterized using scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (SEM-EDX) and goniometer to investigate changes in membrane properties. Water permeability and filtration performance test were performed using pure water, bovine serum albumin (BSA) and humic acid (HA) solution to evaluate the fouling resistance of the prepared membranes. Even though the permeate fluxes decreased over time, it was found that 0.5 wt.% of ZIF-8 in PVDF membrane produced the highest solute rejection for both HA (>94%) and BSA (>92%) as compared with PVDF/MWCNT membranes and pure PVDF membrane. It is concluded that the nanocomposite membranes showed improvement in the membrane hydrophilicity, permeability, and solute rejection as compared to the pure PVDF membrane. The anti-fouling properties of nanocomposite membranes was enhanced with higher flux recovery rate and lower flux declining rate compared to the pristine PVDF membrane.
{"title":"Effect of Composite Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube and Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework-8 on the Performance and Fouling of PVDF Membranes","authors":"R. Naim, N. H. W. Hazmo, L. W. Jye, A. Ismail","doi":"10.22079/JMSR.2020.128313.1390","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22079/JMSR.2020.128313.1390","url":null,"abstract":"The incorporation of nanoparticles into a polymer membrane has been an attractive option to minimize the membrane fouling. Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) nanocomposite membranes incorporated with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) was prepared in this work via the blending method. The impact of the concentration of inorganic additives (0.1 wt.%, 0.3 wt.% and 0.5 wt.%) on the membrane properties was studied. The prepared membranes were characterized using scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (SEM-EDX) and goniometer to investigate changes in membrane properties. Water permeability and filtration performance test were performed using pure water, bovine serum albumin (BSA) and humic acid (HA) solution to evaluate the fouling resistance of the prepared membranes. Even though the permeate fluxes decreased over time, it was found that 0.5 wt.% of ZIF-8 in PVDF membrane produced the highest solute rejection for both HA (>94%) and BSA (>92%) as compared with PVDF/MWCNT membranes and pure PVDF membrane. It is concluded that the nanocomposite membranes showed improvement in the membrane hydrophilicity, permeability, and solute rejection as compared to the pure PVDF membrane. The anti-fouling properties of nanocomposite membranes was enhanced with higher flux recovery rate and lower flux declining rate compared to the pristine PVDF membrane.","PeriodicalId":16427,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Membrane Science and Research","volume":"6 1","pages":"424-432"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48060149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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