Pub Date : 2014-10-01DOI: 10.4172/2167-0943.1000166
Yohannes Addisu, A. Eshete, Endalew Hailu
Background: Diabetes is a chronic and irreversible disease that lasts, lifelong, directly concerns any individual of all ages and their relatives, and brings heavy economic burden, affects self-care activities and shortens life expectancy due to the chronic damages it causes, Thus, before considering any possible intervention it was imperative to assess present knowledge, perception, and self-care practices of patients towards the management of diabetes. Methods: A facility based cross-sectional study supplemented by using both quantitative and qualitative methods was conducted from April – June 2013 in Dilla referral hospital. A total of 310 participants with Diabetes Mellitus were interviewed. Face-to-face interviews were used for quantitative data; and qualitative data were collected by in-depth interview. SPSS version 20 was used to perform descriptive and logistic regression analyses. Statistical significance was set at P-value <0.05 to judge the association. Result: Two third, 238 (76.8) of them had good practiced on the recommended self-care practices. Among the recommended self-care behaviors, drug adherence 289 (93.2%), dietary intake 154 (49.7%) and regular exercise 138 (44.5%) were the most practiced self-care. Self-blood glucose monitoring was the least practiced which accounted 62 (20%). Approximately 78 % of diabetic patients were developed positive perception towards DM and has a significant effect for patients with diabetes to provide own self-care practice [OR-2.74, 95% CI (1.27, 5.91)]. Majority 79.4% of the respondents were knowledgeable about diabetes, but those diabetic patients who were knowledgeable on DM were less likely performed recommended self-care to manage the disease [OR-0.29, 95% CI (0.10, 0.80)]. On other hand those diabetic patients who were knowledgeable on DM self-care were more likely performed recommended self-care [OR-6.52, 95% CI (2.88, 14.78)]. Education also has a significant effect for patients with diabetes in their own self-care practice. A major point to address therefore is regular access to/contact with diabetic educators which currently is severely substandard. Conclusions: Management of diabetes may be enhanced by reinforcing patients’ knowledge, developing positive perception and encouraging behavior change whilst taking into consideration patients’ backgrounds. To increase the self-care behavior, the health care team should be utilizing a patient-centered approach in order to deliver diabetes messages on specific issues of management practice.
{"title":"Assessment of Diabetic Patient Perception on Diabetic Disease and Self-Care Practice in Dilla University Referral Hospital, South Ethiopia","authors":"Yohannes Addisu, A. Eshete, Endalew Hailu","doi":"10.4172/2167-0943.1000166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-0943.1000166","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Diabetes is a chronic and irreversible disease that lasts, lifelong, directly concerns any individual of all ages and their relatives, and brings heavy economic burden, affects self-care activities and shortens life expectancy due to the chronic damages it causes, Thus, before considering any possible intervention it was imperative to assess present knowledge, perception, and self-care practices of patients towards the management of diabetes. \u0000Methods: A facility based cross-sectional study supplemented by using both quantitative and qualitative methods was conducted from April – June 2013 in Dilla referral hospital. A total of 310 participants with Diabetes Mellitus were interviewed. Face-to-face interviews were used for quantitative data; and qualitative data were collected by in-depth interview. SPSS version 20 was used to perform descriptive and logistic regression analyses. Statistical significance was set at P-value <0.05 to judge the association. \u0000Result: Two third, 238 (76.8) of them had good practiced on the recommended self-care practices. Among the recommended self-care behaviors, drug adherence 289 (93.2%), dietary intake 154 (49.7%) and regular exercise 138 (44.5%) were the most practiced self-care. Self-blood glucose monitoring was the least practiced which accounted 62 (20%). Approximately 78 % of diabetic patients were developed positive perception towards DM and has a significant effect for patients with diabetes to provide own self-care practice [OR-2.74, 95% CI (1.27, 5.91)]. Majority 79.4% of the respondents were knowledgeable about diabetes, but those diabetic patients who were knowledgeable on DM were less likely performed recommended self-care to manage the disease [OR-0.29, 95% CI (0.10, 0.80)]. On other hand those diabetic patients who were knowledgeable on DM self-care were more likely performed recommended self-care [OR-6.52, 95% CI (2.88, 14.78)]. Education also has a significant effect for patients with diabetes in their own self-care practice. A major point to address therefore is regular access to/contact with diabetic educators which currently is severely substandard. \u0000Conclusions: Management of diabetes may be enhanced by reinforcing patients’ knowledge, developing positive perception and encouraging behavior change whilst taking into consideration patients’ backgrounds. To increase the self-care behavior, the health care team should be utilizing a patient-centered approach in order to deliver diabetes messages on specific issues of management practice.","PeriodicalId":16452,"journal":{"name":"Journal of metabolic syndrome","volume":"57 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85465279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-09-25DOI: 10.4172/2167-0943.1000164
K. Nishimura, H. Katuyama, H. Nakagawa, Saburo Matuo
Increased erythropoietin (EPO) production is important for erythropoiesis as well as cell viability. The most effective factor for promoting EPO production is hypoxia, which alters the redox state and produces a reducing environment in the cell. In this study, we examined the influence of ethanol on EPO production in HepG2 cells to investigate the effect of increasing the free NADH/NAD+ ratio in the cytosol during normoxia. Ethanol treatment increased the lactate/pyruvate ratio, an index of the cytosolic redox state, in a dose-dependent manner, with maximal promotion of EPO production observed at 300 μM ethanol. These results suggest that altering the cytosolic NADH/NAD+ redox state to the same degree as hypoxia is effective in promoting EPO production. Ethanol (300 μM) increased mRNA expression and protein levels of sirtuin1, which is a transcription factor, related to both hypoxia inducible factor and cytosolic redox state, whereas 2000 μM ethanol did not produce these effects. Although the sirtuin1 inhibitorEX-527 did not affect the lactate/pyruvate ratio, EX-527 inhibited the induction of EPO mRNA expression by 300 μM ethanol. In rat primary hepatocytes and kidney cells, 300 μM ethanol increased sirtuin1 and EPO mRNA expression, as well as EPO concentrations in media. In conclusion, we showed low concentrations of ethanol promote EPO production by increasing sirtuin1 in HepG2 cells, as well as primary liver and kidney cells. The use of ethanol represents a hypoxia-independent method to promote EPO production.
{"title":"Stimulating Effect of Ethanol on Erythropoietin Production in the Liver Cells","authors":"K. Nishimura, H. Katuyama, H. Nakagawa, Saburo Matuo","doi":"10.4172/2167-0943.1000164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-0943.1000164","url":null,"abstract":"Increased erythropoietin (EPO) production is important for erythropoiesis as well as cell viability. The most effective factor for promoting EPO production is hypoxia, which alters the redox state and produces a reducing environment in the cell. In this study, we examined the influence of ethanol on EPO production in HepG2 cells to investigate the effect of increasing the free NADH/NAD+ ratio in the cytosol during normoxia. Ethanol treatment increased the lactate/pyruvate ratio, an index of the cytosolic redox state, in a dose-dependent manner, with maximal promotion of EPO production observed at 300 μM ethanol. These results suggest that altering the cytosolic NADH/NAD+ redox state to the same degree as hypoxia is effective in promoting EPO production. Ethanol (300 μM) increased mRNA expression and protein levels of sirtuin1, which is a transcription factor, related to both hypoxia inducible factor and cytosolic redox state, whereas 2000 μM ethanol did not produce these effects. Although the sirtuin1 inhibitorEX-527 did not affect the lactate/pyruvate ratio, EX-527 inhibited the induction of EPO mRNA expression by 300 μM ethanol. In rat primary hepatocytes and kidney cells, 300 μM ethanol increased sirtuin1 and EPO mRNA expression, as well as EPO concentrations in media. In conclusion, we showed low concentrations of ethanol promote EPO production by increasing sirtuin1 in HepG2 cells, as well as primary liver and kidney cells. The use of ethanol represents a hypoxia-independent method to promote EPO production.","PeriodicalId":16452,"journal":{"name":"Journal of metabolic syndrome","volume":"15 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89643039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-09-23DOI: 10.4172/2167-0943.1000E112
M. Aye
The clinical cluster of hypertension, cardiovascular disease, hyperlipemia, hyperuricemia and type 2 Diabetes had been recognized by physicians for many decades, described as syndrome X and finally metabolic syndrome (MetS). A few decades ago, investigators noted this syndrome in the alarming pandemic of obesity and type 2 diabetes. Different definitions of metabolic syndrome had been developed by the World Health Organization (WHO), the National Cholesterol Education Program me Adult Treatment Panel 111 (NCEP-ATP111) and by the International Diabetes Federation (IDF). High Triglycerides, low HDL-C, hypertension, raised fasting plasma glucose, and central obesity are essential factors. Obligatory factors such as obesity (BMI ≥ 30) and high waist circumference with ethnic specificity were required by WHO and IDF criteria respectively. Cutoff points of systolic and diastolic blood pressures, HDL-C and fasting plasma glucose of WHO criteria were required to be adjusted; and cutoff points of waist circumference for males and females of IDF were required to be standardized with European and non-European populations, South Asians and South-East Asians of WHO and IDF criteria. Later, three out of five criteria was introduced by NCEP ATP111 instead of obligatory requirements plus two out of four criteria used by WHO and IDF. To be practical for application to public health sectors, MetS has been defined by at least two criteria such as hypertriglyceridemia-waist and hypertensive-waist by validation to IDF criteria definition. Some elements of MetS are noted to be clustered more frequently in some ethnic populations. Individuals without type 2 DM, obesity or MetS are noted to have low HDL-C regardless of age in some populations, probably based on genetic susceptibility. Gender also has an impact on HDL-C level, lower in females than males in general. Then, triglycerides and total cholesterol levels increase with age.
{"title":"Metabolic Syndrome (MetS)","authors":"M. Aye","doi":"10.4172/2167-0943.1000E112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-0943.1000E112","url":null,"abstract":"The clinical cluster of hypertension, cardiovascular disease, hyperlipemia, hyperuricemia and type 2 Diabetes had been recognized by physicians for many decades, described as syndrome X and finally metabolic syndrome (MetS). A few decades ago, investigators noted this syndrome in the alarming pandemic of obesity and type 2 diabetes. Different definitions of metabolic syndrome had been developed by the World Health Organization (WHO), the National Cholesterol Education Program me Adult Treatment Panel 111 (NCEP-ATP111) and by the International Diabetes Federation (IDF). High Triglycerides, low HDL-C, hypertension, raised fasting plasma glucose, and central obesity are essential factors. Obligatory factors such as obesity (BMI ≥ 30) and high waist circumference with ethnic specificity were required by WHO and IDF criteria respectively. Cutoff points of systolic and diastolic blood pressures, HDL-C and fasting plasma glucose of WHO criteria were required to be adjusted; and cutoff points of waist circumference for males and females of IDF were required to be standardized with European and non-European populations, South Asians and South-East Asians of WHO and IDF criteria. Later, three out of five criteria was introduced by NCEP ATP111 instead of obligatory requirements plus two out of four criteria used by WHO and IDF. To be practical for application to public health sectors, MetS has been defined by at least two criteria such as hypertriglyceridemia-waist and hypertensive-waist by validation to IDF criteria definition. Some elements of MetS are noted to be clustered more frequently in some ethnic populations. Individuals without type 2 DM, obesity or MetS are noted to have low HDL-C regardless of age in some populations, probably based on genetic susceptibility. Gender also has an impact on HDL-C level, lower in females than males in general. Then, triglycerides and total cholesterol levels increase with age.","PeriodicalId":16452,"journal":{"name":"Journal of metabolic syndrome","volume":"73 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85660949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-09-19DOI: 10.4172/2167-0943.1000162
A. Diane, G. W. Payne, S. Gray
Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) belongs to the secretin/glucagon/vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) family and is one of the most highly conserved neuropeptides. The effects of PACAP are mediated through three G-protein coupled receptors: PAC1R, which has specific affinity for PACAP, and VPAC1 and VPAC2 that have equal affinity for both PACAP and VIP. PACAP and PAC1R are widely expressed and distributed throughout the body, including the central nervous system, the gastro-intestinal tract, the endocrine pancreas, the respiratory and cardiovascular systems. With this widespread tissue distribution, PACAP has been shown to be a pleiotropic peptide exerting a range of physiological functions. Within the body, PACAP serves as a neurotransmitter, neuromodulator, neurotrophic factor, neuroprotectant, secretagogue, and neurohormone. In this present review, we provide current insight on the role of PACAP in neuroprotection, its role in energy homeostasis and the impact PACAP may have on respiratory and cardiovascular disease. We conclude with an outlook for the future of PACAP-related research.
垂体腺苷酸环化酶激活多肽(Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide, PACAP)属于分泌素/胰高血糖素/血管活性肠肽(vascular - active intestinal peptide, VIP)家族，是高度保守的神经肽之一。PACAP的作用是通过三种g蛋白偶联受体介导的:对PACAP具有特异性亲和力的PAC1R，以及对PACAP和VIP具有同等亲和力的VPAC1和VPAC2。PACAP和PAC1R在全身广泛表达和分布，包括中枢神经系统、胃肠道、内分泌胰腺、呼吸系统和心血管系统。由于这种广泛的组织分布，PACAP已被证明是一种发挥一系列生理功能的多效肽。在体内，PACAP具有神经递质、神经调节剂、神经营养因子、神经保护剂、促分泌剂和神经激素等功能。在这篇综述中，我们就PACAP在神经保护中的作用、其在能量稳态中的作用以及PACAP可能对呼吸和心血管疾病的影响提供了最新的见解。最后，对pacap相关研究的未来进行了展望。
{"title":"Multifaces of Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide (PACAP):From Neuroprotection and Energy Homeostasis to Respiratory andCardiovascular Systems","authors":"A. Diane, G. W. Payne, S. Gray","doi":"10.4172/2167-0943.1000162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-0943.1000162","url":null,"abstract":"Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) belongs to the secretin/glucagon/vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) family and is one of the most highly conserved neuropeptides. The effects of PACAP are mediated through three G-protein coupled receptors: PAC1R, which has specific affinity for PACAP, and VPAC1 and VPAC2 that have equal affinity for both PACAP and VIP. PACAP and PAC1R are widely expressed and distributed throughout the body, including the central nervous system, the gastro-intestinal tract, the endocrine pancreas, the respiratory and cardiovascular systems. With this widespread tissue distribution, PACAP has been shown to be a pleiotropic peptide exerting a range of physiological functions. Within the body, PACAP serves as a neurotransmitter, neuromodulator, neurotrophic factor, neuroprotectant, secretagogue, and neurohormone. In this present review, we provide current insight on the role of PACAP in neuroprotection, its role in energy homeostasis and the impact PACAP may have on respiratory and cardiovascular disease. We conclude with an outlook for the future of PACAP-related research.","PeriodicalId":16452,"journal":{"name":"Journal of metabolic syndrome","volume":"21 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81532574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-09-14DOI: 10.4172/2167-0943.1000163
Mette Viftrup-Lund, M. Gade, F. Lauszus
Objective: Evaluation of the incidence of gestational diabetes in PCOS women treated with metformin before and during early pregnancy and to ascertain their family history of diabetes. Design: Follow-up on all women with PCOS and infertility who received treatment with metformin prior to pregnancy (=index pregnancy) during 10 years. Data on diabetes was retrieved by questionnaire and hospital charts. Main outcome measures: Incidence of gestational diabetes, pregnancy outcome, and fetal size. Results: In 18 % of the women GDM was diagnosed at some stage. The clinical and obstetrical outcome of the women showed no association with family history of diabetes or GDM. No neonatal anthropometric feature was different with respect to family history of diabetes or GDM and no fetal malformations were found. Conclusion: GDM and family history of diabetes seem not to be associated with unfavourable pregnancy outcome in PCOS women.
{"title":"Pregnancy in PCOS Women and their History of Diabetes","authors":"Mette Viftrup-Lund, M. Gade, F. Lauszus","doi":"10.4172/2167-0943.1000163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-0943.1000163","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Evaluation of the incidence of gestational diabetes in PCOS women treated with metformin before and during early pregnancy and to ascertain their family history of diabetes. \u0000Design: Follow-up on all women with PCOS and infertility who received treatment with metformin prior to pregnancy (=index pregnancy) during 10 years. Data on diabetes was retrieved by questionnaire and hospital charts. Main outcome measures: Incidence of gestational diabetes, pregnancy outcome, and fetal size. \u0000Results: In 18 % of the women GDM was diagnosed at some stage. The clinical and obstetrical outcome of the women showed no association with family history of diabetes or GDM. No neonatal anthropometric feature was different with respect to family history of diabetes or GDM and no fetal malformations were found. \u0000Conclusion: GDM and family history of diabetes seem not to be associated with unfavourable pregnancy outcome in PCOS women.","PeriodicalId":16452,"journal":{"name":"Journal of metabolic syndrome","volume":"56 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91076354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-09-10DOI: 10.4172/2167-0943.1000161
Checa Ros Ana, M. Vargas-Perez, Antonio Muñoz-Gallego, A. Molina-Carballo, J. Uberos-Fernández, A. Muňoz-Hoyos
Currently sleep disorders are one of the most prevalent problems in children, with an estimated prevalence of 15-20% and a highly variable clinical spectrum. One of the pathologies in which sleep disorders achieve special relevance is in attention-deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), because the complex association between these two phenomena can largely determine the therapeutic handling and prognosis of these patients. Nowadays, the number of research articles that makes unquestionable the relation between ADHD and sleep disorders is increasing, as well as studies in which actigraphy acquires increasingly validity as a tool to asses sleep in the paediatric population, with a good correlation with polysomnography, considered the "gold standard" in sleep medicine. Our review aims to highlight the positive impact that the use of actigraphy as a screening tool for the detection of sleep problems in ADHD may have on the quality of life of these children and their families. After an exhaustive review of the most recent published literature on this topic, we suggest a set of recommendations which are summarized in that the actigraphy allows us to study longer periods of sleep-wake in an stable way, avoiding the difficulties of polysomnographic studies in children. All this makes it an ideal screening element in the initial assessment of patients with ADHD who report sleep problems.
{"title":"The Role of Actigraphy to Identify Sleep Disorders in Children with ADHD","authors":"Checa Ros Ana, M. Vargas-Perez, Antonio Muñoz-Gallego, A. Molina-Carballo, J. Uberos-Fernández, A. Muňoz-Hoyos","doi":"10.4172/2167-0943.1000161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-0943.1000161","url":null,"abstract":"Currently sleep disorders are one of the most prevalent problems in children, with an estimated prevalence of 15-20% and a highly variable clinical spectrum. One of the pathologies in which sleep disorders achieve special relevance is in attention-deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), because the complex association between these two phenomena can largely determine the therapeutic handling and prognosis of these patients. Nowadays, the number of research articles that makes unquestionable the relation between ADHD and sleep disorders is increasing, as well as studies in which actigraphy acquires increasingly validity as a tool to asses sleep in the paediatric population, with a good correlation with polysomnography, considered the \"gold standard\" in sleep medicine. Our review aims to highlight the positive impact that the use of actigraphy as a screening tool for the detection of sleep problems in ADHD may have on the quality of life of these children and their families. After an exhaustive review of the most recent published literature on this topic, we suggest a set of recommendations which are summarized in that the actigraphy allows us to study longer periods of sleep-wake in an stable way, avoiding the difficulties of polysomnographic studies in children. All this makes it an ideal screening element in the initial assessment of patients with ADHD who report sleep problems.","PeriodicalId":16452,"journal":{"name":"Journal of metabolic syndrome","volume":"63 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90192387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-08-30DOI: 10.4172/2167-0943.1000160
M. Hanefeld, F. Pistrosch, J. Schulze, U. Rothe
The metabolic syndrome represents a cluster of closely connected premorbid risk factors or diseases with visceral obesity, prediabetes or type 2 diabetes, hypertension and low dyslipidemia as established traits affecting about 20 % of adults in developed countries. This syndrome develops on a common soil with overnutrition, low physical activity and psychosocial stress as major components. Common comorbidities are fatty liver, sleep apnoe and gout with cardiovascular complications, nephropathy and type 2 diabetes as ‘endstage’ diseases. The term metabolic vascular syndrome was proposed to signal premorbid cardiovascular state and increased cardiovascular morbidity. Thus, a rational diagnostic is needed to elucidate the complex cluster of diseases as basis for an integrated therapy. There is a clear priority for life style intervention however most diseases of the metabolic syndrome need medical treatment. Medical treatment of single traits has to take into account possible pleiotropic or adverse effects on the other traits. Here we present the pros and cons of major medical interventions in type 2 diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia and hypercoagulation in the context with the metabolic syndrome.
{"title":"The Metabolic Syndrome and Cardiovascular Diseases: An Update of MedicalTreatment","authors":"M. Hanefeld, F. Pistrosch, J. Schulze, U. Rothe","doi":"10.4172/2167-0943.1000160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-0943.1000160","url":null,"abstract":"The metabolic syndrome represents a cluster of closely connected premorbid risk factors or diseases with visceral obesity, prediabetes or type 2 diabetes, hypertension and low dyslipidemia as established traits affecting about 20 % of adults in developed countries. This syndrome develops on a common soil with overnutrition, low physical activity and psychosocial stress as major components. Common comorbidities are fatty liver, sleep apnoe and gout with cardiovascular complications, nephropathy and type 2 diabetes as ‘endstage’ diseases. The term metabolic vascular syndrome was proposed to signal premorbid cardiovascular state and increased cardiovascular morbidity. Thus, a rational diagnostic is needed to elucidate the complex cluster of diseases as basis for an integrated therapy. There is a clear priority for life style intervention however most diseases of the metabolic syndrome need medical treatment. Medical treatment of single traits has to take into account possible pleiotropic or adverse effects on the other traits. Here we present the pros and cons of major medical interventions in type 2 diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia and hypercoagulation in the context with the metabolic syndrome.","PeriodicalId":16452,"journal":{"name":"Journal of metabolic syndrome","volume":"117 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83503465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-08-25DOI: 10.4172/2167-0943.1000159
Rodhan Khthir, Felyn Luz Espina
Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome and its individual components among multiethnic population in a rural area in the Western region of Abu Dhabi in The United Arab Emirates (UAE). Methods: The analytic sample consisted of 575 adults (males: 309, females: 266), between the age of 22 and 65 years. The National Cholesterol Education Program’s Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP/ATP III) guidelines (with race specific abdominal circumference cutoff level) were used to identify adults who met their criteria for metabolic syndrome with. Prevalence estimates were calculated for each component of the metabolic syndrome in addition to the overall prevalence of metabolic syndrome. Prevalence estimates were analyzed by sex, ethnicity and working hours. Results: Approximately 22% of adults met the criteria for metabolic syndrome. The prevalence was 26% in Males and 14% in females, P. Value <0.01. The prevalence was 16% among South East Asians (SEA), 20% among Arabs (ARB) and 26% among South Asians (SA), with P value of 0. 523, 0.075 and <0.05 for ARB versus SEA, ARB versus SA, and SA vs SEA respectively. The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome among night shift workers was 25% in comparison to 19% among daytime workers (P value 0.1). The prevalence of the different components of the metabolic syndrome varied by race and ethnicity Conclusions: These results demonstrate that metabolic syndrome is less prevalent in rural area than inner city population in UAE which was reported to be around 40% in previous studies possibly because of lifestyle differences. The prevalence varied significantly by race and ethnicity and gender. Night shift work was associated with higher prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in our study but this was not statistically significant.
{"title":"The Metabolic Syndrome in Rural UAE: The Effect of Gender, Ethnicity and the Environment in its Prevalence","authors":"Rodhan Khthir, Felyn Luz Espina","doi":"10.4172/2167-0943.1000159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-0943.1000159","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome and its individual components among multiethnic population in a rural area in the Western region of Abu Dhabi in The United Arab Emirates (UAE). \u0000Methods: The analytic sample consisted of 575 adults (males: 309, females: 266), between the age of 22 and 65 years. The National Cholesterol Education Program’s Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP/ATP III) guidelines (with race specific abdominal circumference cutoff level) were used to identify adults who met their criteria for metabolic syndrome with. Prevalence estimates were calculated for each component of the metabolic syndrome in addition to the overall prevalence of metabolic syndrome. Prevalence estimates were analyzed by sex, ethnicity and working hours. \u0000Results: Approximately 22% of adults met the criteria for metabolic syndrome. The prevalence was 26% in Males and 14% in females, P. Value <0.01. The prevalence was 16% among South East Asians (SEA), 20% among Arabs (ARB) and 26% among South Asians (SA), with P value of 0. 523, 0.075 and <0.05 for ARB versus SEA, ARB versus SA, and SA vs SEA respectively. The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome among night shift workers was 25% in comparison to 19% among daytime workers (P value 0.1). The prevalence of the different components of the metabolic syndrome varied by race and ethnicity \u0000Conclusions: These results demonstrate that metabolic syndrome is less prevalent in rural area than inner city population in UAE which was reported to be around 40% in previous studies possibly because of lifestyle differences. The prevalence varied significantly by race and ethnicity and gender. Night shift work was associated with higher prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in our study but this was not statistically significant.","PeriodicalId":16452,"journal":{"name":"Journal of metabolic syndrome","volume":"80 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84118102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-08-25DOI: 10.4172/2167-0943.1000158
S. Arefhosseini, Mehrangiz Ebrahimi-Mamaeghani, S. Mohammadi
Glucose and lipid metabolic disorders are two most prevalent complications of obesity. Regarding increasing rates of obesity and its metabolic disorders, more effective approaches are needed for prevention or treatment of related metabolic disorders. Therefore, understanding molecular mechanisms involved in metabolic syndrome would be open new way in maintaining homeostasis in these circumstances. miRNAs are non-coding small RNAs with transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulatory effects on gene expression, however, any disturbance of them could be involved in the pathogenesis of obesity and its related lipid and glucose metabolic disorders. miRNAs are proposed as an ideal non-invasive biological markers for rapid prediction of some obesity related metabolic diseases because of their stability and measurable concentrations in body fluids. Recent evidences reported changes of some important miRNAs profile with regulatory effects on glucose and lipid metabolic pathways even years before the onset and/or diagnosis of these obesity related metabolic disorders. Nutrition and dietary components as significant epigenetic factors have an important role in posttranscriptional regulations of lipid and glucose metabolism genes by modulating of related key miRNAs. Epigenetic suggests the importance of personalized nutrition according to miRNAs profile in prevention, control and treatment of obesity and related metabolic disorders. In this review we summarize evidences regarding the influence of nutrients and food components on some important related circulating miRNAs and their signature as new diagnosis, prognosis and therapeutic agents in obesity related lipid metabolism and diabetes as dietary-derived disorders.
{"title":"MicroRNAs Regulation by Nutrients, the New Ray of Hope in Obesity Related Glucose and Lipid Metabolic Disorders","authors":"S. Arefhosseini, Mehrangiz Ebrahimi-Mamaeghani, S. Mohammadi","doi":"10.4172/2167-0943.1000158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-0943.1000158","url":null,"abstract":"Glucose and lipid metabolic disorders are two most prevalent complications of obesity. Regarding increasing rates of obesity and its metabolic disorders, more effective approaches are needed for prevention or treatment of related metabolic disorders. Therefore, understanding molecular mechanisms involved in metabolic syndrome would be open new way in maintaining homeostasis in these circumstances. miRNAs are non-coding small RNAs with transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulatory effects on gene expression, however, any disturbance of them could be involved in the pathogenesis of obesity and its related lipid and glucose metabolic disorders. miRNAs are proposed as an ideal non-invasive biological markers for rapid prediction of some obesity related metabolic diseases because of their stability and measurable concentrations in body fluids. Recent evidences reported changes of some important miRNAs profile with regulatory effects on glucose and lipid metabolic pathways even years before the onset and/or diagnosis of these obesity related metabolic disorders. Nutrition and dietary components as significant epigenetic factors have an important role in posttranscriptional regulations of lipid and glucose metabolism genes by modulating of related key miRNAs. Epigenetic suggests the importance of personalized nutrition according to miRNAs profile in prevention, control and treatment of obesity and related metabolic disorders. In this review we summarize evidences regarding the influence of nutrients and food components on some important related circulating miRNAs and their signature as new diagnosis, prognosis and therapeutic agents in obesity related lipid metabolism and diabetes as dietary-derived disorders.","PeriodicalId":16452,"journal":{"name":"Journal of metabolic syndrome","volume":"20 1","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72755807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-07-19DOI: 10.4172/2167-0943.1000155
S. Jahan, C. M. Ahmed, S. Habib, A. Jahan, F. Sharmin, Sakandar Khan, Manisha Banarjee
Background: The aim of the present study were to evaluate the frequency of maternal complications and adverse fetal outcomes in a group of singleton pregnant women with type 2 diabetes mellitus to compare the outcome in three groups (lean, normal and overweight). Materials and Methods: The women were categorized into three groups: lean 25.0-29.9 kg/m2. The effect of pre-pregnancy BMI was analyzed by comparing the frequencies of various outcomes in three BMI groups. The results were expressed as odds ratio (ORs) and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) & p values. Results: The risk of late fetal death was consistently increasing with BMI (ORs were 1.2 (0.9-1.7), 1.6 (1.1-2.3) & 2.6 (1.7-3.8) for lean, normal & overweight respectively). The risk of early neonatal death was also higher among women with higher BMI (ORs was 1.6 (1.1-2.3) for overweight). The rate of preeclampsia is higher among women with lean and overweight BMI in compares to normal BMI (the values were 2.5%, 1.8%, & 7.0% for lean, normal & overweight respectively). Hypertensive disorders was also more common among lean (3.8%) and overweight (3.6%) compared to normal (1.6%). The risk of preterm delivery was significantly increased for overweight group (4.2%) and lean (2.4%), as compare to normal. The risk of SGA was significantly more in lean (2.7%) compared to normal weight (1.5%) & overweight group (1.9%). Conclusion: Pre-pregnancy overweight increases the risk of late fetal death and perinatal mortality.
{"title":"Pre-pregnancy Body Mass Index and the Risk of Adverse Pregnancy Outcome in Two Thousand Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Bangladeshi Women","authors":"S. Jahan, C. M. Ahmed, S. Habib, A. Jahan, F. Sharmin, Sakandar Khan, Manisha Banarjee","doi":"10.4172/2167-0943.1000155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-0943.1000155","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The aim of the present study were to evaluate the frequency of maternal complications and adverse fetal outcomes in a group of singleton pregnant women with type 2 diabetes mellitus to compare the outcome in three groups (lean, normal and overweight). \u0000Materials and Methods: The women were categorized into three groups: lean 25.0-29.9 kg/m2. The effect of pre-pregnancy BMI was analyzed by comparing the frequencies of various outcomes in three BMI groups. The results were expressed as odds ratio (ORs) and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) & p values. \u0000Results: The risk of late fetal death was consistently increasing with BMI (ORs were 1.2 (0.9-1.7), 1.6 (1.1-2.3) & 2.6 (1.7-3.8) for lean, normal & overweight respectively). The risk of early neonatal death was also higher among women with higher BMI (ORs was 1.6 (1.1-2.3) for overweight). The rate of preeclampsia is higher among women with lean and overweight BMI in compares to normal BMI (the values were 2.5%, 1.8%, & 7.0% for lean, normal & overweight respectively). Hypertensive disorders was also more common among lean (3.8%) and overweight (3.6%) compared to normal (1.6%). The risk of preterm delivery was significantly increased for overweight group (4.2%) and lean (2.4%), as compare to normal. The risk of SGA was significantly more in lean (2.7%) compared to normal weight (1.5%) & overweight group (1.9%). \u0000Conclusion: Pre-pregnancy overweight increases the risk of late fetal death and perinatal mortality.","PeriodicalId":16452,"journal":{"name":"Journal of metabolic syndrome","volume":"147 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77897835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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