Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2167-0943.1000223
R. Alsanosy
Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) is the largest (in terms of area) Arab state of Western Asia with population of a nearly 20 million. 22.4% of Saudi patients reporting to services for mental disorders are suffering from schizophrenia. Globally, claims have been raised over the role of atypical antipsychotics. They have been suggested to be related with noteworthy cardiometabolic risk, and with pharmacological events that may intercede that threat. Weight gain, increased risk for dyslipidemia, diabetes, obesity, accelerated cardiovascular ailment, and premature fatality have been associated to drugs in this category as well. Amisulpride, olanzapine, risperidone, clozapine, quetiapine are the most commonly used anti-schizophrenic medications in KSA with no previous studies reported to assess their unwanted side effects. Whereby, a recent study noticed that patients on antipsychotic medications in Saudi Arabia possess several risk factors. The need for detailed research on this matter is compounded by a metabolically undesirable postnatal and gestational environment, which is widespread in the KSA, adjoins to the receptiveness of the already genetically liable person to a lifetime of insulin resistance and associated morbidities. Moreover, the prevalence of conventional risk factors for diabetes mellitus type 2, such as the full metabolic syndrome (MetSy) and its individual symptoms and criteria, have been reported in adult Saudis, 37% of whom have the full MetSy. The published literature survey is suggestive of an urgent demographical analysis and epidemiological survey to ascertain number of individuals affected with schizophrenia, this will also paw the ways to formulate strategy to address various issues pertaining to structural adjustments in health care services provided to the mentally ill patients in KSA.
{"title":"The Role of Antipsychotic Medications in Metabolic Syndrome Amongst aPredisposed Population: Review of The Saudi Case","authors":"R. Alsanosy","doi":"10.4172/2167-0943.1000223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-0943.1000223","url":null,"abstract":"Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) is the largest (in terms of area) Arab state of Western Asia with population of a nearly 20 million. 22.4% of Saudi patients reporting to services for mental disorders are suffering from schizophrenia. Globally, claims have been raised over the role of atypical antipsychotics. They have been suggested to be related with noteworthy cardiometabolic risk, and with pharmacological events that may intercede that threat. Weight gain, increased risk for dyslipidemia, diabetes, obesity, accelerated cardiovascular ailment, and premature fatality have been associated to drugs in this category as well. Amisulpride, olanzapine, risperidone, clozapine, quetiapine are the most commonly used anti-schizophrenic medications in KSA with no previous studies reported to assess their unwanted side effects. Whereby, a recent study noticed that patients on antipsychotic medications in Saudi Arabia possess several risk factors. The need for detailed research on this matter is compounded by a metabolically undesirable postnatal and gestational environment, which is widespread in the KSA, adjoins to the receptiveness of the already genetically liable person to a lifetime of insulin resistance and associated morbidities. Moreover, the prevalence of conventional risk factors for diabetes mellitus type 2, such as the full metabolic syndrome (MetSy) and its individual symptoms and criteria, have been reported in adult Saudis, 37% of whom have the full MetSy. The published literature survey is suggestive of an urgent demographical analysis and epidemiological survey to ascertain number of individuals affected with schizophrenia, this will also paw the ways to formulate strategy to address various issues pertaining to structural adjustments in health care services provided to the mentally ill patients in KSA.","PeriodicalId":16452,"journal":{"name":"Journal of metabolic syndrome","volume":"15 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83712835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2167-0943.1000235
Soetkin Milbouw, J. Verhaegen, A. Verrijken, T. Schepens, B. D. Winter, L. Gaal, Kristien J. Ledeganck, C. Block
Objectives: Hypomagnesaemia and insulin resistance are two major clinical problems, with intertwining pathophysiology. We aimed to explore this association in obese patients and in non-insulin-treated patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods: Subjects were recruited from the outpatient diabetes/obesity clinic of the Antwerp University Hospital. The population (N=2731) consists of 2 subject groups with different degrees of insulin resistance and insulin secretory potential: 1) overweight (Body Mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 kg/m² and <30 kg/m²) and obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m²) subjects, 2) adult T2DM patients. Hypomagnesaemia was defined as serum magnesium <1.7 mg/dl. Insulin resistance was estimated using the Homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR; cut-off point 2.82). Results: Hypomagnesaemia was present in 6.1% of the entire population. Patients with hypomagnesaemia had more visceral adipose tissue (VAT), and a higher HOMA-IR. They suffered more from the metabolic syndrome and T2DM. Patients with a HOMA-IR<2.82 were younger, had lower BMI and less VAT. They suffered less from hypomagnesaemia. Hypomagnesaemia was more prevalent in T2DM patients than in obese subjects without T2DM. Although serum magnesium and HOMA-IR were negatively correlated, logistic regression analysis showed that magnesium was not a significant predictor for HOMA-IR. Conclusions: Despite a significant negative correlation between magnesium and HOMA-IR, magnesium was not retained as a significant determinant of insulin resistance compared to the other predictors in our population of obese subjects and T2DM patients.
{"title":"Predictors of Insulin Resistance in Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus - The Role of Magnesium","authors":"Soetkin Milbouw, J. Verhaegen, A. Verrijken, T. Schepens, B. D. Winter, L. Gaal, Kristien J. Ledeganck, C. Block","doi":"10.4172/2167-0943.1000235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-0943.1000235","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: Hypomagnesaemia and insulin resistance are two major clinical problems, with intertwining pathophysiology. We aimed to explore this association in obese patients and in non-insulin-treated patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods: Subjects were recruited from the outpatient diabetes/obesity clinic of the Antwerp University Hospital. The population (N=2731) consists of 2 subject groups with different degrees of insulin resistance and insulin secretory potential: 1) overweight (Body Mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 kg/m² and <30 kg/m²) and obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m²) subjects, 2) adult T2DM patients. Hypomagnesaemia was defined as serum magnesium <1.7 mg/dl. Insulin resistance was estimated using the Homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR; cut-off point 2.82). Results: Hypomagnesaemia was present in 6.1% of the entire population. Patients with hypomagnesaemia had more visceral adipose tissue (VAT), and a higher HOMA-IR. They suffered more from the metabolic syndrome and T2DM. Patients with a HOMA-IR<2.82 were younger, had lower BMI and less VAT. They suffered less from hypomagnesaemia. Hypomagnesaemia was more prevalent in T2DM patients than in obese subjects without T2DM. Although serum magnesium and HOMA-IR were negatively correlated, logistic regression analysis showed that magnesium was not a significant predictor for HOMA-IR. Conclusions: Despite a significant negative correlation between magnesium and HOMA-IR, magnesium was not retained as a significant determinant of insulin resistance compared to the other predictors in our population of obese subjects and T2DM patients.","PeriodicalId":16452,"journal":{"name":"Journal of metabolic syndrome","volume":"15 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81211737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-12-27DOI: 10.4172/2167-0943.1000218
A. Berezin
The secretome is considered a combination of factors produced by cells due to abundant spectrum of autocrine/ paracrine triggers. All these actively synthetizing and secreting factors include proteins, adhesion and intercellular signal molecules, peptides, lipids, free DNAs, microRNAs, and microparticles (MPs). The components of secretome mutually may interact and thereby modify the MPs’ structure and functionality. As a result, communicative ability of endothelial cell derived MPs may sufficiently impaire. Subsequently, cross talk between some components of secretome might modulate delivering cargos of MPs and their regenerative and proliferative capabilities via intercellular signaling networks. The aim of the review is to discuss the effect of various components of secretome on MP-dependent effects on endothelium.
{"title":"The Endothelial Cell Secretome as a Factor of Endothelium Reparation: The Role of Microparticles","authors":"A. Berezin","doi":"10.4172/2167-0943.1000218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-0943.1000218","url":null,"abstract":"The secretome is considered a combination of factors produced by cells due to abundant spectrum of autocrine/ paracrine triggers. All these actively synthetizing and secreting factors include proteins, adhesion and intercellular signal molecules, peptides, lipids, free DNAs, microRNAs, and microparticles (MPs). The components of secretome mutually may interact and thereby modify the MPs’ structure and functionality. As a result, communicative ability of endothelial cell derived MPs may sufficiently impaire. Subsequently, cross talk between some components of secretome might modulate delivering cargos of MPs and their regenerative and proliferative capabilities via intercellular signaling networks. The aim of the review is to discuss the effect of various components of secretome on MP-dependent effects on endothelium.","PeriodicalId":16452,"journal":{"name":"Journal of metabolic syndrome","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86669513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-12-13DOI: 10.4172/2167-0943.1000217
Duarte-Vázquez Miguel Ángel, Gómez-Solís María Antonieta, G. Rocio, Reyes-Esparza Jorge, J. Rosado, Rodriguez-Fragoso Lourdes
Background: The worldwide prevalence of Type 2 diabetes mellitus is associated with other conditions that trigger metabolic syndrome. Although several studies on the benefits of resveratrol have been carried out, few have assessed this drug in combination with metformin. Objectives: This study looks at the effects that combined metformin/resveratrol therapy has on body weight gain and liver and renal damage of db/db diabetic mice. It also addresses biochemical findings. Method: Diabetic mice were treated with resveratrol (20 mg/kg/day), metformin (150 mg/kg/day) and combined metformin/resveratrol therapy for 5 weeks. Histopathological tissue analyses and biochemical parameters (glucose, insulin, triglycerides and cholesterol), functional liver enzymes (AP, AST and GGT) and renal parameters (urea and uric acid) were examined. Results: Our data clearly showed that combined metformin/resveratrol treatment reduced obesity, glucose and triglyceride levels, as well as improving renal function and partially improving liver function in diabetic mice. Conclusion: The combined therapy may enhance remedial effects in diabetic patients as well as in other metabolic disorders, such as metabolic syndrome.
{"title":"Effects of Combined Resveratrol Plus Metformin Therapy in db/dbDiabetic Mice","authors":"Duarte-Vázquez Miguel Ángel, Gómez-Solís María Antonieta, G. Rocio, Reyes-Esparza Jorge, J. Rosado, Rodriguez-Fragoso Lourdes","doi":"10.4172/2167-0943.1000217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-0943.1000217","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The worldwide prevalence of Type 2 diabetes mellitus is associated with other conditions that trigger metabolic syndrome. Although several studies on the benefits of resveratrol have been carried out, few have assessed this drug in combination with metformin. Objectives: This study looks at the effects that combined metformin/resveratrol therapy has on body weight gain and liver and renal damage of db/db diabetic mice. It also addresses biochemical findings. Method: Diabetic mice were treated with resveratrol (20 mg/kg/day), metformin (150 mg/kg/day) and combined metformin/resveratrol therapy for 5 weeks. Histopathological tissue analyses and biochemical parameters (glucose, insulin, triglycerides and cholesterol), functional liver enzymes (AP, AST and GGT) and renal parameters (urea and uric acid) were examined. Results: Our data clearly showed that combined metformin/resveratrol treatment reduced obesity, glucose and triglyceride levels, as well as improving renal function and partially improving liver function in diabetic mice. Conclusion: The combined therapy may enhance remedial effects in diabetic patients as well as in other metabolic disorders, such as metabolic syndrome.","PeriodicalId":16452,"journal":{"name":"Journal of metabolic syndrome","volume":"13 1","pages":"0-0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83777149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-11-30DOI: 10.4172/2167-0943.1000216
Giasuddin Asm, K. A. Jhuma, A. Choudhury, Mujibul Haq Am
Objective: Although it was reported that cholecystectomy had complex impact on lipid profile in cholelithiasis, lipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)] was not studied. The present study was therefore conducted on serum Lp(a) status in Bangladeshi patients with cholelithiasis and effect of cholecystectomy on it. Patients and Methods: Adult patients (n=44) with cholelithiasis and 30 normal controls (NC) were included in the study. The blood sample was taken from fasting patients before cholecystectomy (Serum-I0), gall bladder bile sample during cholecystectomy (Bile-I0) and blood sample again after 2-3 months at follow-up (Serum-II0) and from fasting NC subjects. Lp(a) level was quantitated in serum and bile by immunoturbidimetric method using commercially available research kit. The results were compared statistically by ANOVA, Student’s t-test and Chisquared test using SPSS programme. Results: The Lp(a) status (mg/dl, Mean ± SD) in controls and patients and their statistical analysis revealed that Lp(a) was much higher in patients compared to controls (NC: 29.07 ± 14.1, Patients Serum-I0: 290.84 ± 110.93, Patients Bile-I0 : 37.12 ± 28.61, Patients Serum-II0: 203.70 ± 90.13) (P<0.001). Lp(a) was lowered after cholecystectomy, but remained elevated in patients Serum-II0 compared to NC significantly (P<0.001). No significant difference was observed for Lp(a) levels between NC and patients Bile-I0 (P=0.173). The proportions of patients for Serum-I0, Bile-I0 and Serum-II0 with Lp(a) levels above and within normal limits and their statistical analyses showed significant associations (P<0.001). Conclusions: Cholelithiasis had complex impact on Lp(a) status indicating a special function of gall bladder relevant to its metabolism. Further studies are warranted.
{"title":"Lipoprotein (a) Status and Effect of Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy on it in Bangladeshi Patients with Cholelithiasis","authors":"Giasuddin Asm, K. A. Jhuma, A. Choudhury, Mujibul Haq Am","doi":"10.4172/2167-0943.1000216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-0943.1000216","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Although it was reported that cholecystectomy had complex impact on lipid profile in cholelithiasis, \u0000 lipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)] was not studied. The present study was therefore conducted on serum Lp(a) status in \u0000 Bangladeshi patients with cholelithiasis and effect of cholecystectomy on it. Patients and Methods: Adult patients (n=44) with cholelithiasis and 30 normal controls (NC) were included in the \u0000 study. The blood sample was taken from fasting patients before cholecystectomy (Serum-I0), gall bladder bile \u0000 sample during cholecystectomy (Bile-I0) and blood sample again after 2-3 months at follow-up (Serum-II0) and from \u0000 fasting NC subjects. Lp(a) level was quantitated in serum and bile by immunoturbidimetric method using \u0000 commercially available research kit. The results were compared statistically by ANOVA, Student’s t-test and Chisquared \u0000 test using SPSS programme. Results: The Lp(a) status (mg/dl, Mean ± SD) in controls and patients and their statistical analysis revealed that \u0000 Lp(a) was much higher in patients compared to controls (NC: 29.07 ± 14.1, Patients Serum-I0: 290.84 ± 110.93, \u0000 Patients Bile-I0 : 37.12 ± 28.61, Patients Serum-II0: 203.70 ± 90.13) (P<0.001). Lp(a) was lowered after \u0000 cholecystectomy, but remained elevated in patients Serum-II0 compared to NC significantly (P<0.001). No significant \u0000 difference was observed for Lp(a) levels between NC and patients Bile-I0 (P=0.173). The proportions of patients for \u0000 Serum-I0, Bile-I0 and Serum-II0 with Lp(a) levels above and within normal limits and their statistical analyses showed \u0000 significant associations (P<0.001). \u0000 Conclusions: Cholelithiasis had complex impact on Lp(a) status indicating a special function of gall bladder \u0000 relevant to its metabolism. Further studies are warranted.","PeriodicalId":16452,"journal":{"name":"Journal of metabolic syndrome","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85524744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-11-10DOI: 10.4172/2167-0943.1000E119
J. Díaz-Juárez, Jorge A. Suarez
Julieta Díaz-Juárez1 and Jorge Suarez2* 1Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Xochimilco, México CIty, México 2Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, USA *Corresponding author: Jorge Suarez, MD, PhD, Research Scientist, Department of Medicine, 5063 Biomedical Sciences Building, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, 92093-0618, USA, Tel: 858-534-9931; Fax: 858-534-9932; E-mail: jsuarez@ucsd.edu
Julieta Díaz-Juárez1和Jorge Suarez2* 1Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Xochimilco, m xico CIty, m xico 2美国加州大学圣地亚哥分校医学系*通讯作者:Jorge Suarez, MD, PhD，医学系研究科学家，加州大学圣地亚哥分校生物医学科学大楼5063，加利福尼亚州拉霍亚，92093-0618，美国，电话:858- 5334 -9931;传真:858-534-9932;电子邮件:jsuarez@ucsd.edu
{"title":"Metabolic Syndrome and Role of Mitochondrial Calcium Handling","authors":"J. Díaz-Juárez, Jorge A. Suarez","doi":"10.4172/2167-0943.1000E119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-0943.1000E119","url":null,"abstract":"Julieta Díaz-Juárez1 and Jorge Suarez2* 1Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Xochimilco, México CIty, México 2Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, USA *Corresponding author: Jorge Suarez, MD, PhD, Research Scientist, Department of Medicine, 5063 Biomedical Sciences Building, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, 92093-0618, USA, Tel: 858-534-9931; Fax: 858-534-9932; E-mail: jsuarez@ucsd.edu","PeriodicalId":16452,"journal":{"name":"Journal of metabolic syndrome","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73649680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-10-17DOI: 10.4172/2167-0943.C1.002
Ffion Curtis
As a consequence of changing lifestyles, the prevalence of diabetes is on the increase, with the world prevalence estimated to increase from 6.4% in 2010 to 7.7% in 2030 among adults aged 20-79 years. The global prevalence of vitamin D deficiency is also increasing and inverse associations have frequently been reported between serum 25(OH)D concentration and measures of glyceemia in a variety of different populations. Furthermore, results from a number of cross sectional studies have shown that participants with impaired glucose tolerance or type 2 diabetes have significantly lower concentrations of 25 hydroxy vitamin D [OH]D when compared to healthy controls. Vitamin D status is influenced by a number of factors including both latitude (sunlight exposure) and lifestyle (influenced by culture and religion). It is therefore, important to establish region specific relationships between vitamin D status and glycemic control prior to any recommendations in relation to vitamin D supplementation and diabetes. The aim of this study was to identify any significant relationships between 25(OH)D concentrations and measures of glycemic control in 116 participants with varying levels of glucose control living in Mid-Wales at a latitude of 52˚N during winter months. Hypothesis: there will be a correlation between concentrations of serum 25(OH)D and insulin sensitivity as measured by HOMA, and that participants with abnormal glucose control (FPG≥6.1 mmol/l) will have significantly lower 25(OH)D concentrations when compared to those with normal glucose control. Spearman's rank-order correlations revealed significant negative correlations between 25(OH)D (nmol/l) and several measures of glycemic control (fasting plasma glucose (mmol/l) (r=-.224, n=101, p=0.02), fasting plasma insulin (pmol/l) (r=-.242, n=98, p=0.01), insulin sensitivity (%) (r=.256 , n=93, p=0.013), and HOMA score (r=-.233, n=93, p=0.02). No significant relationship was observed between 25(OH)D and HbA1c (mmol/mol) or between 25(OH)D (nmol/l) and β-cell function (%). When the data for the two clinical groups were combined to form two groups (fasting plasma glucose ≤6 mmol/l vs. ≥6.1 mmol/l), there was a significant difference between the groups, Mann-Whitney test (U=884.000, p=0.03). Low 25(OH)D concentrations (42.6±23.8 nmol/l) observed in the study population, alongside the inverse association (and large proportion of participants with high FPG), demonstrates how adults living in Wales could be at an increased risk during the winter months. Whilst vitamin D only accounted for a small proportion of the variance (~4-8%) in the measures of glycemia, the development of T2D is multifactorial and any easily modifiable risk factors are noteworthy. These results support the emerging evidence suggesting that vitamin D supplementation is a promising candidate for a cost effective intervention for glycemic control.
{"title":"Associations between vitamin D status and measures of glycemia in participants with normoglycemia, impaired fasting glucose and type 2 diabetes during winter months","authors":"Ffion Curtis","doi":"10.4172/2167-0943.C1.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-0943.C1.002","url":null,"abstract":"As a consequence of changing lifestyles, the prevalence of diabetes is on the increase, with the world prevalence estimated to increase from 6.4% in 2010 to 7.7% in 2030 among adults aged 20-79 years. The global prevalence of vitamin D deficiency is also increasing and inverse associations have frequently been reported between serum 25(OH)D concentration and measures of glyceemia in a variety of different populations. Furthermore, results from a number of cross sectional studies have shown that participants with impaired glucose tolerance or type 2 diabetes have significantly lower concentrations of 25 hydroxy vitamin D [OH]D when compared to healthy controls. Vitamin D status is influenced by a number of factors including both latitude (sunlight exposure) and lifestyle (influenced by culture and religion). It is therefore, important to establish region specific relationships between vitamin D status and glycemic control prior to any recommendations in relation to vitamin D supplementation and diabetes. The aim of this study was to identify any significant relationships between 25(OH)D concentrations and measures of glycemic control in 116 participants with varying levels of glucose control living in Mid-Wales at a latitude of 52˚N during winter months. Hypothesis: there will be a correlation between concentrations of serum 25(OH)D and insulin sensitivity as measured by HOMA, and that participants with abnormal glucose control (FPG≥6.1 mmol/l) will have significantly lower 25(OH)D concentrations when compared to those with normal glucose control. Spearman's rank-order correlations revealed significant negative correlations between 25(OH)D (nmol/l) and several measures of glycemic control (fasting plasma glucose (mmol/l) (r=-.224, n=101, p=0.02), fasting plasma insulin (pmol/l) (r=-.242, n=98, p=0.01), insulin sensitivity (%) (r=.256 , n=93, p=0.013), and HOMA score (r=-.233, n=93, p=0.02). No significant relationship was observed between 25(OH)D and HbA1c (mmol/mol) or between 25(OH)D (nmol/l) and β-cell function (%). When the data for the two clinical groups were combined to form two groups (fasting plasma glucose ≤6 mmol/l vs. ≥6.1 mmol/l), there was a significant difference between the groups, Mann-Whitney test (U=884.000, p=0.03). Low 25(OH)D concentrations (42.6±23.8 nmol/l) observed in the study population, alongside the inverse association (and large proportion of participants with high FPG), demonstrates how adults living in Wales could be at an increased risk during the winter months. Whilst vitamin D only accounted for a small proportion of the variance (~4-8%) in the measures of glycemia, the development of T2D is multifactorial and any easily modifiable risk factors are noteworthy. These results support the emerging evidence suggesting that vitamin D supplementation is a promising candidate for a cost effective intervention for glycemic control.","PeriodicalId":16452,"journal":{"name":"Journal of metabolic syndrome","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84864636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-10-14DOI: 10.4172/2167-0943.1000215
Hodaka Yamada, Daisuke Suzuki, M. Kakei, I. Kusaka, S. Ishikawa, K. Hara
Objective: Visceral fat accumulation because of obesity plays a central role in metabolic syndrome and causes cardiovascular disease (CVD). Methods: The aims of this study were to investigate associations between visceral fat accumulation and adipokines in non-obese type 2 diabetic patients. Results: In total, 138 type 2 diabetic patients were enrolled, with a mean age of 64 years. Among the participants, 69 were males. We found that serum high-molecular-weight adiponectin level was decreased, C-reactive protein increased, and using homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance was also increased in non-obese patients with visceral adiposity (body mass index: BMI, <25 kg/m2; visceral fat area: VFA, ≥ 100 cm2) compared with those without visceral adiposity (BMI, <25 kg/m2, VFA, <100 cm2). VFA in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) was higher than in those with no NAFLD. Conclusion: We demonstrated that visceral fat accumulation is a risk for CVD in non-obese diabetic patients with visceral adiposity.
{"title":"Close Association of Hypoadiponectinemia and Increased Insulin Resistance in Non-Obese Japanese Type 2 Diabetes with Visceral Adiposity","authors":"Hodaka Yamada, Daisuke Suzuki, M. Kakei, I. Kusaka, S. Ishikawa, K. Hara","doi":"10.4172/2167-0943.1000215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-0943.1000215","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Visceral fat accumulation because of obesity plays a central role in metabolic syndrome and causes \u0000 cardiovascular disease (CVD). \u0000 Methods: The aims of this study were to investigate associations between visceral fat accumulation and adipokines in non-obese type 2 diabetic patients. \u0000 Results: In total, 138 type 2 diabetic patients were enrolled, with a mean age of 64 years. Among the participants, \u0000 69 were males. We found that serum high-molecular-weight adiponectin level was decreased, C-reactive protein \u0000 increased, and using homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance was also increased in non-obese patients \u0000 with visceral adiposity (body mass index: BMI, <25 kg/m2; visceral fat area: VFA, ≥ 100 cm2) compared with those \u0000 without visceral adiposity (BMI, <25 kg/m2, VFA, <100 cm2). VFA in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) was higher \u0000 than in those with no NAFLD. \u0000 Conclusion: We demonstrated that visceral fat accumulation is a risk for CVD in non-obese diabetic patients with \u0000 visceral adiposity.","PeriodicalId":16452,"journal":{"name":"Journal of metabolic syndrome","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89134393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-10-12DOI: 10.4172/2167-0943.1000214
F. Tafese, Elias Teferi, Beyene Wondafirash, Sintayehu Fekadu, G. Tolu, Gugsa Nemarra
Background: Diabetes is one of the commonest non-communicable diseases of the 21st century. Global burden of diabetes in 2010 was estimated at 285 million and projected to increase to 438 million by the year 2030, if no interventions are put in place. The primary health care facilities are the first level of contact for such rising cases of diabetes, despite of this fact there is no study done on the capabilities of primary health care facilities to accommodate diabetic services. Hence, the objective of this study is to assess the readiness of selected primary public hospitals and health centers to accommodate diabetic care in Jimma zone south west Ethiopia. Methods: Health facility based cross-sectional study design using quantitative and qualitative method of data collection was conducted from Feb 1-March 1, 2013. After checking the completeness, and coding of questionnaires, the quantitative data were entered into computer software and analyzed using SPSS version 20.0. Results: All of the facilities have at least some of the drugs and medical supplies and other resources required for the diagnosis and management of diabetes never the less there was no specific plan to deal with diabetic management at health facilities. Majority of patients were first diagnosed in other health facilities and referred to the current health institutions for follow up and there is no routine screening for diabetics in adult outpatient department in some health facilities. Conclusion and recommendation: Required drugs and medical supplies are not regularly fulfilled, health facilities have no plan for diabetic management, and health workers did not get training on management of diabetics. No routine screening at adult patients at outpatient departments. Hence the Woreda and the zone have to work on the capacity of the health workers and health facilities to handle diabetic care at health center level.
{"title":"Readiness of Primary Health Care Facilities in Jimma Zone to Provide Diabetic Services for Diabetic Clients, Jimma Zone, South West Ethiopia, March, 2013","authors":"F. Tafese, Elias Teferi, Beyene Wondafirash, Sintayehu Fekadu, G. Tolu, Gugsa Nemarra","doi":"10.4172/2167-0943.1000214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-0943.1000214","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Diabetes is one of the commonest non-communicable diseases of the 21st century. Global burden \u0000 of diabetes in 2010 was estimated at 285 million and projected to increase to 438 million by the year 2030, if no \u0000 interventions are put in place. The primary health care facilities are the first level of contact for such rising cases of \u0000 diabetes, despite of this fact there is no study done on the capabilities of primary health care facilities to \u0000 accommodate diabetic services. Hence, the objective of this study is to assess the readiness of selected primary \u0000 public hospitals and health centers to accommodate diabetic care in Jimma zone south west Ethiopia. \u0000 Methods: Health facility based cross-sectional study design using quantitative and qualitative method of data \u0000 collection was conducted from Feb 1-March 1, 2013. After checking the completeness, and coding of \u0000 questionnaires, the quantitative data were entered into computer software and analyzed using SPSS version 20.0. Results: All of the facilities have at least some of the drugs and medical supplies and other resources required \u0000 for the diagnosis and management of diabetes never the less there was no specific plan to deal with diabetic \u0000 management at health facilities. Majority of patients were first diagnosed in other health facilities and referred to the \u0000 current health institutions for follow up and there is no routine screening for diabetics in adult outpatient department \u0000 in some health facilities. Conclusion and recommendation: Required drugs and medical supplies are not regularly fulfilled, health \u0000 facilities have no plan for diabetic management, and health workers did not get training on management of diabetics. \u0000 No routine screening at adult patients at outpatient departments. Hence the Woreda and the zone have to work on \u0000 the capacity of the health workers and health facilities to handle diabetic care at health center level.","PeriodicalId":16452,"journal":{"name":"Journal of metabolic syndrome","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87490682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-09-30DOI: 10.4172/2167-0943.1000208
P. Ana, M. Dimitrije, M. Ivan, Stojanović Mariola
Objective: Obesity is characterized by the abnormal or excessive deposition of fat in the adipose tissue. Besides being a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, certain cancers and type II diabetes, obesity has been suggested to be a risk factor for periodontitis. A number of epidemiological studies have studied the association between obesity and periodontitis. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between periodontitis and overweight/ obesity in subjects aged 28-55 years. Study design: A representative sample of the population, which was enrolled in a study, was examined. A total of 300 chronic periodontitis subjects had a clinical periodontal examination and their weight and height were recorded. Periodontal parameters were: probing pocket depth, clinical attachment level, bleeding on probing, gingival inflammation and presence of visible plaque. In the control group there were 100 periodontal healthy subjects. Moderate periodontitis was identified when teeth had attachment loss of <6 mm and a pocket depth<5 mm, and severe periodontitis with attachment loss ≥ 6 mm and pocket depth ≥ 5 mm. Body weight was measured using body mass index. Results: Researchers have found a significant association between obesity and prevalence of periodontal disease, among the population aged 28-55. Obesity was associated with periodontitis after adjustment for confounders. Greatest association was found between BMI and severe periodontitis measured by periodontal parameters. Conclusion: The data suggest that obesity is associated with periodontitis. Obese individuals might be at risk for initiation and progression of periodontitis.
{"title":"The Association between Periodontal Disease and Obesity among Middle-agedAdults Periodontitis and Obesity","authors":"P. Ana, M. Dimitrije, M. Ivan, Stojanović Mariola","doi":"10.4172/2167-0943.1000208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-0943.1000208","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Obesity is characterized by the abnormal or excessive deposition of fat in the adipose tissue. Besides being a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, certain cancers and type II diabetes, obesity has been suggested to be a risk factor for periodontitis. A number of epidemiological studies have studied the association between obesity and periodontitis. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between periodontitis and overweight/ obesity in subjects aged 28-55 years. Study design: A representative sample of the population, which was enrolled in a study, was examined. A total of 300 chronic periodontitis subjects had a clinical periodontal examination and their weight and height were recorded. Periodontal parameters were: probing pocket depth, clinical attachment level, bleeding on probing, gingival inflammation and presence of visible plaque. In the control group there were 100 periodontal healthy subjects. Moderate periodontitis was identified when teeth had attachment loss of <6 mm and a pocket depth<5 mm, and severe periodontitis with attachment loss ≥ 6 mm and pocket depth ≥ 5 mm. Body weight was measured using body mass index. Results: Researchers have found a significant association between obesity and prevalence of periodontal disease, among the population aged 28-55. Obesity was associated with periodontitis after adjustment for confounders. Greatest association was found between BMI and severe periodontitis measured by periodontal parameters. Conclusion: The data suggest that obesity is associated with periodontitis. Obese individuals might be at risk for initiation and progression of periodontitis.","PeriodicalId":16452,"journal":{"name":"Journal of metabolic syndrome","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75882401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：