Pub Date : 2024-06-04DOI: 10.55713/jmmm.v34i2.1789
F. A. Radini, Firda Apriyani, Y. A. Swasono, R. P. Rudianto, N. Sambudi, Y. Buys
Melt recycling Multilayer Packaging (MLP) waste is difficult due to challenging separation procedures. However, blending techniques with compatibilizers can simplify MLP waste melt recycling. PP-g-GMA is a common compatibilizer in polyolefin and PET blends. PP-g-GMA compatibilizer was synthesized by utilizing an internal mixer at 175℃, 50 rpm, and 10 min using styrene as a comonomer. Titration was a method to examine effect of three different sequences of adding the BPO initiator on GMA grafting. Each sequence's PP-g-GMA samples were compounded with MLP waste using a twin-screw extruder and injection molded to make tensile test specimens. FTIR analysis shows that the GMA and Styrene monomers had grafted onto the PP polymer backbone, with the GMA grafting degree by varying mixing sequence. Sequence 3, which introduced initiator, GMA, and styrene simultaneously to PP melt, yielded PP-g-GMA with the most significant GMA grafting degree of 5.11%. Adding PP-g-GMA produced from sequence 3 into the MLP melt enhanced the highest increase in tensile strength and elongation at break of the MLP/PP-g-GMA compound.
{"title":"The effect of mixing sequence on synthesis of PP-g-GMA compatibilizer for multilayer packaging (MLP) compounding","authors":"F. A. Radini, Firda Apriyani, Y. A. Swasono, R. P. Rudianto, N. Sambudi, Y. Buys","doi":"10.55713/jmmm.v34i2.1789","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55713/jmmm.v34i2.1789","url":null,"abstract":"Melt recycling Multilayer Packaging (MLP) waste is difficult due to challenging separation procedures. However, blending techniques with compatibilizers can simplify MLP waste melt recycling. PP-g-GMA is a common compatibilizer in polyolefin and PET blends. PP-g-GMA compatibilizer was synthesized by utilizing an internal mixer at 175℃, 50 rpm, and 10 min using styrene as a comonomer. Titration was a method to examine effect of three different sequences of adding the BPO initiator on GMA grafting. Each sequence's PP-g-GMA samples were compounded with MLP waste using a twin-screw extruder and injection molded to make tensile test specimens. FTIR analysis shows that the GMA and Styrene monomers had grafted onto the PP polymer backbone, with the GMA grafting degree by varying mixing sequence. Sequence 3, which introduced initiator, GMA, and styrene simultaneously to PP melt, yielded PP-g-GMA with the most significant GMA grafting degree of 5.11%. Adding PP-g-GMA produced from sequence 3 into the MLP melt enhanced the highest increase in tensile strength and elongation at break of the MLP/PP-g-GMA compound.","PeriodicalId":16459,"journal":{"name":"Journal of metals, materials and minerals","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141267143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hemp fibers dyed with natural dyes are environmentally sustainable, but it is typically difficult to achieve an intense shade and washing durability. In this study, mercerization and cationization using polyelectrolyte, Poly-diallyldimethylammonium chloride (polyDADMAC), were chosen to enhance the dyeing efficiency and mechanical properties. Indigo and lac were chosen as natural dyes due to their widespread use. SEM demonstrated that untreated fibers contained the non-cellulose boundary layer on the surfaces, but after mercerization, the surfaces were smoother, making them suitable for absorbing natural dyes. In agreement with the FT-IR, the spectra of non-cellulose disappeared after mercerizing. Following cationization, the FT-IR spectra confirmed the consequences of using poly-DADMAC. Tensile testing demonstrated that mercerized hemp yarns were 34.1% stronger compared to untreated hemp yarns due to the decrease in non-cellulose content and that the intermolecular attraction of cellulose was not disturbed. The color strength and fastness properties were described by the K/S value. Mercerization considerably affected the K/S of indigo dyeing, while cationization affected lac dyeing significantly. Besides that, both treatments improved fastness properties as well.
{"title":"Enhancing the efficiency of hemp fiber dyeing with natural dyes: Indigo and lac","authors":"Jadsadaporn Chouytan, Rajapol Thirawat, Dhea Khotradha, Tanawat Ruangteprat, Ing-orn Sittitanadol, S. Udon","doi":"10.55713/jmmm.v34i2.1873","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55713/jmmm.v34i2.1873","url":null,"abstract":"Hemp fibers dyed with natural dyes are environmentally sustainable, but it is typically difficult to achieve an intense shade and washing durability. In this study, mercerization and cationization using polyelectrolyte, Poly-diallyldimethylammonium chloride (polyDADMAC), were chosen to enhance the dyeing efficiency and mechanical properties. Indigo and lac were chosen as natural dyes due to their widespread use. SEM demonstrated that untreated fibers contained the non-cellulose boundary layer on the surfaces, but after mercerization, the surfaces were smoother, making them suitable for absorbing natural dyes. In agreement with the FT-IR, the spectra of non-cellulose disappeared after mercerizing. Following cationization, the FT-IR spectra confirmed the consequences of using poly-DADMAC. Tensile testing demonstrated that mercerized hemp yarns were 34.1% stronger compared to untreated hemp yarns due to the decrease in non-cellulose content and that the intermolecular attraction of cellulose was not disturbed. The color strength and fastness properties were described by the K/S value. Mercerization considerably affected the K/S of indigo dyeing, while cationization affected lac dyeing significantly. Besides that, both treatments improved fastness properties as well.","PeriodicalId":16459,"journal":{"name":"Journal of metals, materials and minerals","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141266694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-04DOI: 10.55713/jmmm.v34i2.1908
A. Kenzhegulov, A.A. Mamaeva, A. Panichkin, A. Imbarova, B. Kshibekova, Rashida Aubakirova, Natasha Satkanova, Nazgul Toiynbaeva
An alloy based on Ti–Al–Zr–Nb–V was prepared and its deformation behavior at elevated temperatures was studied. The microstructure and phase of the alloys were characterized by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, thermal analysis, and mechanical testing. The results showed that the Ti–Al–Zr–Nb–V alloy, when stretched, exhibits a superplasticity effect in the range of 975℃ to 1100℃, with an elongation of up to 400%. It was found that superplasticity develops in the temperature region of the α+β→β transition and is accompanied by a change in grain size and redistribution of alloying elements among phases.
{"title":"Study of titanium alloy Ti–Al–Zr–Nb–V during heating under deformation and its phase transformation features","authors":"A. Kenzhegulov, A.A. Mamaeva, A. Panichkin, A. Imbarova, B. Kshibekova, Rashida Aubakirova, Natasha Satkanova, Nazgul Toiynbaeva","doi":"10.55713/jmmm.v34i2.1908","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55713/jmmm.v34i2.1908","url":null,"abstract":"An alloy based on Ti–Al–Zr–Nb–V was prepared and its deformation behavior at elevated temperatures was studied. The microstructure and phase of the alloys were characterized by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, thermal analysis, and mechanical testing. The results showed that the Ti–Al–Zr–Nb–V alloy, when stretched, exhibits a superplasticity effect in the range of 975℃ to 1100℃, with an elongation of up to 400%. It was found that superplasticity develops in the temperature region of the α+β→β transition and is accompanied by a change in grain size and redistribution of alloying elements among phases.","PeriodicalId":16459,"journal":{"name":"Journal of metals, materials and minerals","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141266974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-04DOI: 10.55713/jmmm.v34i2.1922
Chanita Khanantong, Thanutpon Srinopkun, Thitirut Boonmak, J. Siriboon
This study introduces a new technique to fabricate the reversible poly(PCDA/ZnO) nanocomposites thermochromism. Our preparation process is the solution-mixing method, which is supported by microwave synthesis time instead of ultrasonic bath or stirrer. The presence of ethanol molecules in aqueous media in the solution-mixing method induces dipolar polarization. In addition, the presence of Zn2+ leaking out of the ZnO can produce ionic polarization. These factors affect the shape of poly(PCDA/ZnO) nanocomposites based on their thermochromic properties. The optical properties of poly(PCDA/ZnO) nanocomposite were determined through UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy. The morphology of this nanocomposite was examined by scanning electron microscopy, and its crystallinity was investigated by X-ray diffraction. The inter-intrachain interaction was confirmed by infrared spectroscopy. In addition, the poly(PCDA/ZnO) nanocomposite embedding PVA was prepared. The reversible theromochromic properties of poly(PCDA/ZnO) nanocomposites demonstrated a higher color transition temperature with increasing microwave synthesis time. It is an important observation to understand the effect of microwave synthesis time on the morphology and reversible thermochromism of the poly(PCDA/ZnO) nanocomposite
{"title":"One-pot microwave-assisted approach of polydiacetylene/zinc oxide nanocomposite for reversible thermochromic","authors":"Chanita Khanantong, Thanutpon Srinopkun, Thitirut Boonmak, J. Siriboon","doi":"10.55713/jmmm.v34i2.1922","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55713/jmmm.v34i2.1922","url":null,"abstract":"This study introduces a new technique to fabricate the reversible poly(PCDA/ZnO) nanocomposites thermochromism. Our preparation process is the solution-mixing method, which is supported by microwave synthesis time instead of ultrasonic bath or stirrer. The presence of ethanol molecules in aqueous media in the solution-mixing method induces dipolar polarization. In addition, the presence of Zn2+ leaking out of the ZnO can produce ionic polarization. These factors affect the shape of poly(PCDA/ZnO) nanocomposites based on their thermochromic properties. The optical properties of poly(PCDA/ZnO) nanocomposite were determined through UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy. The morphology of this nanocomposite was examined by scanning electron microscopy, and its crystallinity was investigated by X-ray diffraction. The inter-intrachain interaction was confirmed by infrared spectroscopy. In addition, the poly(PCDA/ZnO) nanocomposite embedding PVA was prepared. The reversible theromochromic properties of poly(PCDA/ZnO) nanocomposites demonstrated a higher color transition temperature with increasing microwave synthesis time. It is an important observation to understand the effect of microwave synthesis time on the morphology and reversible thermochromism of the poly(PCDA/ZnO) nanocomposite","PeriodicalId":16459,"journal":{"name":"Journal of metals, materials and minerals","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141267687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-04DOI: 10.55713/jmmm.v34i2.1957
S. Amloy, Tanachporn Lukprang, M. Lertworapreecha, P. Preechaburana
Recently, carbon dots (CDs) have received significant attention owing to their outstanding optical properties, good solubility, and low toxicity. In this research, CDs were synthesized by a hydrothermal method based on an environmentally friendly and straightforward strategy, using only mangosteen peel and deionized water. The synthesized CDs had an average size of 3.09 ± 0.38 nm. The absorbance spectrum peak for the CDs was seen at 282 nm, and the central wavelength of fluorescence emission was observed at 433 nm under an excitation wavelength of 355 nm. An aqueous solution of CDs exhibited bright green fluorescence when observed with the naked eye under UV irradiation. Both Fourier transform infrared and X-ray photoelectron spectroscope measurements were taken to determine the elemental compositions of the organic substance functional groups on the surface of the CD, such as hydroxyl, carboxyl, and carbonyl groups. These functional groups originate the different emission centers leading to multicolor fluorescent emissions. Furthermore, the synthesized CDs were found to have good biocompatibility with organic and biological materials. The remarkable properties of CDs, including their nanoscale dimensions, strong multicolor fluorescent emissions, non-toxicity, and excellent cell compatibility, could effectively permeate the cell membrane, cytoplasm, and nucleus and provide fluorescence emission. This suggests a significant potential for CDs in fluorescent cell staining applications. Finally, the CDs were used as a fluorescent dye for human colon cancer cells, as they exhibited excellent fluorescence for cell staining.
最近，碳点（CD）因其出色的光学特性、良好的溶解性和低毒性而备受关注。本研究采用水热法合成碳点，该方法基于一种环境友好且简单的策略，仅使用山竹果皮和去离子水。合成的 CD 平均尺寸为 3.09 ± 0.38 nm。CD 的吸光光谱峰值在 282 纳米处，在 355 纳米的激发波长下，荧光发射的中心波长在 433 纳米处。在紫外线照射下用肉眼观察，CD 的水溶液呈现出明亮的绿色荧光。通过傅立叶变换红外光谱和 X 射线光电子能谱测量，确定了 CD 表面有机物质官能团的元素组成，如羟基、羧基和羰基。这些官能团产生了不同的发射中心，从而发出多色荧光。此外，还发现合成的 CD 与有机和生物材料具有良好的生物相容性。CD 的显著特性包括纳米级尺寸、强烈的多色荧光发射、无毒性和良好的细胞相容性，可有效渗透细胞膜、细胞质和细胞核并提供荧光发射。这表明光盘在荧光细胞染色应用中具有巨大的潜力。最后，CDs 被用作人类结肠癌细胞的荧光染料，因为它们在细胞染色方面表现出优异的荧光性能。
{"title":"Green synthesis of carbon dots from mangosteen peel for fluorescent cancer cells","authors":"S. Amloy, Tanachporn Lukprang, M. Lertworapreecha, P. Preechaburana","doi":"10.55713/jmmm.v34i2.1957","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55713/jmmm.v34i2.1957","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, carbon dots (CDs) have received significant attention owing to their outstanding optical properties, good solubility, and low toxicity. In this research, CDs were synthesized by a hydrothermal method based on an environmentally friendly and straightforward strategy, using only mangosteen peel and deionized water. The synthesized CDs had an average size of 3.09 ± 0.38 nm. The absorbance spectrum peak for the CDs was seen at 282 nm, and the central wavelength of fluorescence emission was observed at 433 nm under an excitation wavelength of 355 nm. An aqueous solution of CDs exhibited bright green fluorescence when observed with the naked eye under UV irradiation. Both Fourier transform infrared and X-ray photoelectron spectroscope measurements were taken to determine the elemental compositions of the organic substance functional groups on the surface of the CD, such as hydroxyl, carboxyl, and carbonyl groups. These functional groups originate the different emission centers leading to multicolor fluorescent emissions. Furthermore, the synthesized CDs were found to have good biocompatibility with organic and biological materials. The remarkable properties of CDs, including their nanoscale dimensions, strong multicolor fluorescent emissions, non-toxicity, and excellent cell compatibility, could effectively permeate the cell membrane, cytoplasm, and nucleus and provide fluorescence emission. This suggests a significant potential for CDs in fluorescent cell staining applications. Finally, the CDs were used as a fluorescent dye for human colon cancer cells, as they exhibited excellent fluorescence for cell staining.","PeriodicalId":16459,"journal":{"name":"Journal of metals, materials and minerals","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141267948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-04DOI: 10.55713/jmmm.v34i2.1932
Artit Ausavasukhi, Thanchanok Siriphala, W. Limphirat, S. Nilmoung
Abstract This work reports the preparation and electrochemical studies of activated carbon derived from leonardite humic acid composited with MnO2 for supercapacitors. Activated carbon contains high conductivity, high specific surface area, and accommodates large volume expansion/contraction during charging/discharging process. Meanwhile, MnO2 has very high theoretical specific capacity (1370 F∙g‒1). Their composite could significantly improve both the storage performance and cycle stability of supercapacitors. Moreover, humic acid from leonardite was selected to add value to this waste and reduce environmental pollution. By varying the carbonization temperature (500℃ to 800℃), the prepared samples carbonized at 800℃ exhibited fascinating properties. The oxidation state of Mn ions was in the mixed state of Mn+2 (41.2%) and Mn+2, +3 (52.8%). A gravimetric capacitance of 329 F∙g‒1 and 294 F∙g‒1 were observed at 2 mVs-1 and 0.5 Ag-1, respectively. The remaining gravimetric capacitance of 193 F∙g‒1 was evaluated at 1000 cycles, indicating its high cycle performance. Moreover, the gravimetric energy of 37.51 Wh∙kg‒1 and gravimetric power of 272.96 W∙kg‒1 were observed. When combined, the interesting electrochemical properties of leonardite humic acid-activated carbon/MnO2 composite nanostructures make them important options for supercapacitor application.
{"title":"Leonardite humic acid activated carbon/MnO(_{2}) composite nanostructures for supercapacitors","authors":"Artit Ausavasukhi, Thanchanok Siriphala, W. Limphirat, S. Nilmoung","doi":"10.55713/jmmm.v34i2.1932","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55713/jmmm.v34i2.1932","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract\u0000This work reports the preparation and electrochemical studies of activated carbon derived from leonardite humic acid composited with MnO2 for supercapacitors. Activated carbon contains high conductivity, high specific surface area, and accommodates large volume expansion/contraction during charging/discharging process. Meanwhile, MnO2 has very high theoretical specific capacity (1370 F∙g‒1). Their composite could significantly improve both the storage performance and cycle stability of supercapacitors. Moreover, humic acid from leonardite was selected to add value to this waste and reduce environmental pollution. By varying the carbonization temperature (500℃ to 800℃), the prepared samples carbonized at 800℃ exhibited fascinating properties. The oxidation state of Mn ions was in the mixed state of Mn+2 (41.2%) and Mn+2, +3 (52.8%). A gravimetric capacitance of 329 F∙g‒1 and 294 F∙g‒1 were observed at 2 mVs-1 and 0.5 Ag-1, respectively. The remaining gravimetric capacitance of 193 F∙g‒1 was evaluated at 1000 cycles, indicating its high cycle performance. Moreover, the gravimetric energy of 37.51 Wh∙kg‒1 and gravimetric power of 272.96 W∙kg‒1 were observed. When combined, the interesting electrochemical properties of leonardite humic acid-activated carbon/MnO2 composite nanostructures make them important options for supercapacitor application.","PeriodicalId":16459,"journal":{"name":"Journal of metals, materials and minerals","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141267175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-04DOI: 10.55713/jmmm.v34i2.1804
Phanuphak Seensattayawong, C. Suwanpreecha, Natthanicha Boonlert, Sukrit Songkuea, A. Manonukul
The 17-4PH stainless steel filament was characterised and utilised to study the effect of printing parameters, i.e. printing temperature, layer thickness, infill pattern and extrusion multiplier on the physical properties. The as-printed and as-sintered internal structures were analysed. The results showed that the as-printed density increases with increasing printing temperature and extrusion multiplier and decreasing layer thickness. The use of the line infill pattern also provided slightly higher as-printed density than the concentric infill pattern due to the low fraction of void between deposited paths. After sintering, the trace of these voids can be observed together with smaller-size residual pores from the spaces between powders, which is the nature of the pressureless sintering process. The microstructure of the as-sintered specimens was similar to the typical microstructure of the 17-4PH alloy fabricated by metal injection moulding process, which contains delta ferrite, martensite and Si-rich phases. In additions, the internal void generated during debinding and sintering results in unexpectedly low tensile properties and results in the difference in tensile properties between the concentric and line infill patterns.
{"title":"The effect of printing parameters on the properties of 17-4 PH stainless steel fabricated by material extrusion additive manufacturing","authors":"Phanuphak Seensattayawong, C. Suwanpreecha, Natthanicha Boonlert, Sukrit Songkuea, A. Manonukul","doi":"10.55713/jmmm.v34i2.1804","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55713/jmmm.v34i2.1804","url":null,"abstract":"The 17-4PH stainless steel filament was characterised and utilised to study the effect of printing parameters, i.e. printing temperature, layer thickness, infill pattern and extrusion multiplier on the physical properties. The as-printed and as-sintered internal structures were analysed. The results showed that the as-printed density increases with increasing printing temperature and extrusion multiplier and decreasing layer thickness. The use of the line infill pattern also provided slightly higher as-printed density than the concentric infill pattern due to the low fraction of void between deposited paths. After sintering, the trace of these voids can be observed together with smaller-size residual pores from the spaces between powders, which is the nature of the pressureless sintering process. The microstructure of the as-sintered specimens was similar to the typical microstructure of the 17-4PH alloy fabricated by metal injection moulding process, which contains delta ferrite, martensite and Si-rich phases. In additions, the internal void generated during debinding and sintering results in unexpectedly low tensile properties and results in the difference in tensile properties between the concentric and line infill patterns. ","PeriodicalId":16459,"journal":{"name":"Journal of metals, materials and minerals","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141265854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of this research was to develop a novel combination of antioxidant blended film for use as biodegradable packaging in the food industry. The antioxidant film was prepared based on gelatin (G) and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) incorporated with Tecoma stans (L.) Juss. ex Kunth petals extract (TKE) at various concentrations (0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 mg∙L‒1) via solution casting method. The structural and surface morphology of G/CMC-TKE film were characterized using FTIR spectrometry technique and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), including determining antioxidant activity, water solubility, water vapor permeability, and biodegradability. According to FTIR analysis, the significant interaction between the gelatin and CMC chain is associated with hydrogen bonding. Adding TKE into the blended films significantly increased their roughness, thickness and antioxidant activity while decreasing their water solubility and water vapor transmission. Likewise, the biodegradability of the films containing antioxidants exhibited greater degradation values than the pure G/CMC film, and all of the biofilms was entirely degraded (>80%) in 14 days. The G/CMC-TKE 2.0 demonstrated the best antioxidant (74.47%), biodegradable activity (95.85% in 14 days), and the lowest water solubility (61.80%) and water vapor transmission rate (3.2483 g∙m‒2∙day‒1), which could be a feasible candidate for the food active packaging.
{"title":"Development of antioxidant film based on gelatin and carboxymethylcellulose incorporated with Tecoma stans (L.) Juss. ex Kunth Petals extract for biodegradable food packaging","authors":"Pacharawan Ratanasongtham, Passara Sukplee, Yutthana Wongnongwa","doi":"10.55713/jmmm.v34i2.1781","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55713/jmmm.v34i2.1781","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this research was to develop a novel combination of antioxidant blended film for use as biodegradable packaging in the food industry. The antioxidant film was prepared based on gelatin (G) and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) incorporated with Tecoma stans (L.) Juss. ex Kunth petals extract (TKE) at various concentrations (0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 mg∙L‒1) via solution casting method. The structural and surface morphology of G/CMC-TKE film were characterized using FTIR spectrometry technique and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), including determining antioxidant activity, water solubility, water vapor permeability, and biodegradability. According to FTIR analysis, the significant interaction between the gelatin and CMC chain is associated with hydrogen bonding. Adding TKE into the blended films significantly increased their roughness, thickness and antioxidant activity while decreasing their water solubility and water vapor transmission. Likewise, the biodegradability of the films containing antioxidants exhibited greater degradation values than the pure G/CMC film, and all of the biofilms was entirely degraded (>80%) in 14 days. The G/CMC-TKE 2.0 demonstrated the best antioxidant (74.47%), biodegradable activity (95.85% in 14 days), and the lowest water solubility (61.80%) and water vapor transmission rate (3.2483 g∙m‒2∙day‒1), which could be a feasible candidate for the food active packaging.\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":16459,"journal":{"name":"Journal of metals, materials and minerals","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141267310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-04DOI: 10.55713/jmmm.v34i2.1793
Jeffin Johnson, Rosari Raja
The present study focused on the experimental investigation of the metallurgical, tribological, and mechanical behavior of the developed Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Sr-WC (Al7075-Sr-WC) metal matrix composite. The effect of the reinforcements such as strontium and tungsten carbide (WC) along with a 2 wt% magnesium as the wetting agent during the stir casting of the synthesized aluminum metal matrix composite (MMC) was investigated by varying the weight percentages. The microstructure examination was characterized using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) techniques. Wear analysis and mechanical testing were conducted to study the effect of WC particles in the matrix phase by examining their wear rate, tensile strength, proof strength, and hardness values. From the mechanical and tribological tests, it was observed that there was an increase of 55% in hardness and 43% in tensile strength, along with a 31% reduction in wear rate. The secondary phases revealed from XRD analysis lead to more hardness along the refined grain boundaries. The tensile strength of the composite initially increased with a 3 wt% of WC and 5 wt% strontium due to hindrance to the dislocation movement but decreased with more reinforcement particles caused by brittleness. The hard WC particles presence has reduced the wear rate significantly due to its resistance towards abrasive wear and lubricating effect. The unique combination of a grain refiner and a binder helped develop a novel composite with superior characteristics that could replace many aerospace components made up of Al7075 alloy.
{"title":"Evaluation of the effect of strontium and tungsten carbide on the microstructure evolution, tribological and mechanical behaviour of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-5Sr-WC metal matrix composite","authors":"Jeffin Johnson, Rosari Raja","doi":"10.55713/jmmm.v34i2.1793","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55713/jmmm.v34i2.1793","url":null,"abstract":"The present study focused on the experimental investigation of the metallurgical, tribological, and mechanical behavior of the developed Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Sr-WC (Al7075-Sr-WC) metal matrix composite. The effect of the reinforcements such as strontium and tungsten carbide (WC) along with a 2 wt% magnesium as the wetting agent during the stir casting of the synthesized aluminum metal matrix composite (MMC) was investigated by varying the weight percentages. The microstructure examination was characterized using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) techniques. Wear analysis and mechanical testing were conducted to study the effect of WC particles in the matrix phase by examining their wear rate, tensile strength, proof strength, and hardness values. From the mechanical and tribological tests, it was observed that there was an increase of 55% in hardness and 43% in tensile strength, along with a 31% reduction in wear rate. The secondary phases revealed from XRD analysis lead to more hardness along the refined grain boundaries. The tensile strength of the composite initially increased with a 3 wt% of WC and 5 wt% strontium due to hindrance to the dislocation movement but decreased with more reinforcement particles caused by brittleness. The hard WC particles presence has reduced the wear rate significantly due to its resistance towards abrasive wear and lubricating effect. The unique combination of a grain refiner and a binder helped develop a novel composite with superior characteristics that could replace many aerospace components made up of Al7075 alloy.","PeriodicalId":16459,"journal":{"name":"Journal of metals, materials and minerals","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141267107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-04DOI: 10.55713/jmmm.v34i2.1979
Phiphat Sonthongphithak, Chonchanok Muangnapoh, C. Ratanatawanate, Teerasak E-kobon, Akkharadet Piyasaengthong, P. Hongsachart, M. Sriuttha, Nipaporn Sengkhamparn, A. C. T. A. Dhanapal, Kitiyaporn Wittayanarakul
In nanobiotechnology, synthesizing metal nanoparticles (NPs) using plant extracts has recently been increasing because of eco-friendly and low-cost methods. For this work, zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) have been synthesized by biosynthesis process using water hyacinth extracts (WHE). The water hyacinth (WH) was chosen because the WH is fast-growing and the most toxic aquatic plant in the world. Therefore, this work aims to apply these WHE to be a precursor in the biosynthesis of ZnO NPs (ZnOBio-NPs) based on the research of a sustainable environment. The ZnO NPs synthesized by the WHE were investigated for their antibacterial and photocatalytic activities. An UV-Vis spectrum showed a specific absorbance peak around 362 nm with an average band gap of 3.22 eV. As the result, TEM analysis revealed a triangle structure with an average size of about 64.05 nm. The peaks of XRD analysis show a hexagonal wurtzite structure. The ZnO NPs synthesized by the WHE showed higher antibacterial activity against S. aureus better than E. coli. It is interesting to note that the ZnOBio-NPs synthesized from the WHE can have an anti P. acnes (JB7) with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and a minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) equal to 50 µg∙mL‒1 and 200 µg∙mL‒1, respectively. In addition, the ZnOBio-NPs also can effectively remove more than 90% of the malachite green within 180 minutes with extremely high reuse.
{"title":"Biosynthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles using water hyacinth extracts: Characterization, evaluation of antimicrobial and dye removal","authors":"Phiphat Sonthongphithak, Chonchanok Muangnapoh, C. Ratanatawanate, Teerasak E-kobon, Akkharadet Piyasaengthong, P. Hongsachart, M. Sriuttha, Nipaporn Sengkhamparn, A. C. T. A. Dhanapal, Kitiyaporn Wittayanarakul","doi":"10.55713/jmmm.v34i2.1979","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55713/jmmm.v34i2.1979","url":null,"abstract":"In nanobiotechnology, synthesizing metal nanoparticles (NPs) using plant extracts has recently been increasing because of eco-friendly and low-cost methods. For this work, zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) have been synthesized by biosynthesis process using water hyacinth extracts (WHE). The water hyacinth (WH) was chosen because the WH is fast-growing and the most toxic aquatic plant in the world. Therefore, this work aims to apply these WHE to be a precursor in the biosynthesis of ZnO NPs (ZnOBio-NPs) based on the research of a sustainable environment. The ZnO NPs synthesized by the WHE were investigated for their antibacterial and photocatalytic activities. An UV-Vis spectrum showed a specific absorbance peak around 362 nm with an average band gap of 3.22 eV. As the result, TEM analysis revealed a triangle structure with an average size of about 64.05 nm. The peaks of XRD analysis show a hexagonal wurtzite structure. The ZnO NPs synthesized by the WHE showed higher antibacterial activity against S. aureus better than E. coli. It is interesting to note that the ZnOBio-NPs synthesized from the WHE can have an anti P. acnes (JB7) with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and a minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) equal to 50 µg∙mL‒1 and 200 µg∙mL‒1, respectively. In addition, the ZnOBio-NPs also can effectively remove more than 90% of the malachite green within 180 minutes with extremely high reuse.","PeriodicalId":16459,"journal":{"name":"Journal of metals, materials and minerals","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141267686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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