Pub Date : 2023-06-27DOI: 10.55713/jmmm.v33i2.1575
Wannapha Issaard, T. Nilsonthi
Defects can be caused by the thermal oxide scale that forms on the surface of steel during the hot rolling process. The oxidation and adhesion of scale on silicon-containing hot-rolled steel were investigated in a flowing 20% O2-N2 gas mixture at 900°C. Scale spallation was observed using a tensile testing machine equipped with a CCD camera. The thickness of the scale was 3.45 μm for the higher silicon steel and 4.86 μm for the lower silicon steel. The oxide scale consists of hematite, magnetite, wustite, and iron. The strain that caused the first spallation was used to calculate the mechanical adhesion energy, which indicated the behaviour of the scale adhesion on a steel substrate. The strain initiation of the first spallation of scale on higher silicon steel was 5.57% which was higher than 4.57% for lower silicon hot-rolled steel. The calculated adhesion energy on the studied steel was shown to be in the range of 281 J.m-2 to 334 J.m-2. It can be noted that the higher amounts of silicon content in hot-rolled steel increased steel-scale interface adherence. This was due to the precipitated silicon oxide near steel-scale interface might be exhibited as a reinforcing phase.
{"title":"Adhesion of thermal oxide scale formed on silicon-containing hot-rolled steel oxidised in oxygen","authors":"Wannapha Issaard, T. Nilsonthi","doi":"10.55713/jmmm.v33i2.1575","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55713/jmmm.v33i2.1575","url":null,"abstract":"Defects can be caused by the thermal oxide scale that forms on the surface of steel during the hot rolling process. The oxidation and adhesion of scale on silicon-containing hot-rolled steel were investigated in a flowing 20% O2-N2 gas mixture at 900°C. Scale spallation was observed using a tensile testing machine equipped with a CCD camera. The thickness of the scale was 3.45 μm for the higher silicon steel and 4.86 μm for the lower silicon steel. The oxide scale consists of hematite, magnetite, wustite, and iron. The strain that caused the first spallation was used to calculate the mechanical adhesion energy, which indicated the behaviour of the scale adhesion on a steel substrate. The strain initiation of the first spallation of scale on higher silicon steel was 5.57% which was higher than 4.57% for lower silicon hot-rolled steel. The calculated adhesion energy on the studied steel was shown to be in the range of 281 J.m-2 to 334 J.m-2. It can be noted that the higher amounts of silicon content in hot-rolled steel increased steel-scale interface adherence. This was due to the precipitated silicon oxide near steel-scale interface might be exhibited as a reinforcing phase.","PeriodicalId":16459,"journal":{"name":"Journal of metals, materials and minerals","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80983556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-27DOI: 10.55713/jmmm.v33i2.1609
Devadass Jessy Mercy, Karthick Harini, Swaminathan Madhumitha, Chinnadurai Anitha, Jayakumar Iswariya, K. Girigoswami, A. Girigoswami
Responsive polymeric nanostructures are being designed to improve the efficiency of existing treatment techniques by delivering therapeutics in precise locations. The properties of the particles can be altered to act as a probe for imaging applications also. Hence, an effective theranostic agent can be tailor-made to meet the requirements. The pH variability has aroused considerable interest in nano-responsive-stimulus production since the mild acidic condition is a hallmark of the tumor microenvironment. The cargo sealed inside the carrier will be released either by swelling or disassembly of the carrier as they meet a pH drop. The modification strategy for the synthesis of pH-responsive polymers is discussed in the manuscript. Fabrication of pH-responsive theranostic agents can conquer major limitations of conventional treatment techniques. Herein we reported imperative insights on recent pH-sensitive polymeric nanomaterials for the treatment of various disease conditions, especially cancer.
{"title":"pH-responsive polymeric nanostructures for cancer theranostics","authors":"Devadass Jessy Mercy, Karthick Harini, Swaminathan Madhumitha, Chinnadurai Anitha, Jayakumar Iswariya, K. Girigoswami, A. Girigoswami","doi":"10.55713/jmmm.v33i2.1609","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55713/jmmm.v33i2.1609","url":null,"abstract":"Responsive polymeric nanostructures are being designed to improve the efficiency of existing treatment techniques by delivering therapeutics in precise locations. The properties of the particles can be altered to act as a probe for imaging applications also. Hence, an effective theranostic agent can be tailor-made to meet the requirements. The pH variability has aroused considerable interest in nano-responsive-stimulus production since the mild acidic condition is a hallmark of the tumor microenvironment. The cargo sealed inside the carrier will be released either by swelling or disassembly of the carrier as they meet a pH drop. The modification strategy for the synthesis of pH-responsive polymers is discussed in the manuscript. Fabrication of pH-responsive theranostic agents can conquer major limitations of conventional treatment techniques. Herein we reported imperative insights on recent pH-sensitive polymeric nanomaterials for the treatment of various disease conditions, especially cancer. ","PeriodicalId":16459,"journal":{"name":"Journal of metals, materials and minerals","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84883393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-27DOI: 10.55713/jmmm.v33i2.1610
G. Gowda, G. V. A. Reddy, B. Eraiah, Chinnappa Reddy Devaraja
This manuscript intends to the structural modifications, and physical and optical properties of a set of heavy metal alkali boro-tellurite glasses doped with Eu2O3. These glasses were produced by a conservative melt-quenching method. The existence of non-crystalline properties in the glasses was ascertained by X-ray diffraction analysis. The structural modifications were noticed by MAS-NMR spectroscopic investigation. Physical properties such as density, molar volume, oxygen packing density, average boron-boron separation, interionic distance, and polaron radius have been calculated by a suitable approach. The optical absorption studies were made through UV-visible absorption spectroscopy in the 350 nm to 800 nm wavelength range. The optical properties namely, optical energy bandgap, Urbach energy, optical basicity, electronegativity, and electric susceptibility, were also determined by using appropriate methods. The MAS-NMR spectroscopic experiments reveal that fewer BO4 units are converted to BO3 units and those NBOs are turned into bridging oxygen at a lower rate. The optical refractive index values and optical dielectric constant range from 2.241 to 2.358, and 5.0220 to 5.5601, respectively. The obtained energy band gap values (Eg(d): 3.367 eV to 3.597 eV and Eg(ind) 2.109 eV to 2.863 eV) and other significant optical parameters suggest that the investigated glasses are potential candidates for europium-doped fiber amplifier applications and possible optical switching applications.
{"title":"Investigations of structural modifications, physical and optical properties of lead boro-tellurite glasses doped with europium trioxide for possible optical switching applications","authors":"G. Gowda, G. V. A. Reddy, B. Eraiah, Chinnappa Reddy Devaraja","doi":"10.55713/jmmm.v33i2.1610","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55713/jmmm.v33i2.1610","url":null,"abstract":"This manuscript intends to the structural modifications, and physical and optical properties of a set of heavy metal alkali boro-tellurite glasses doped with Eu2O3. These glasses were produced by a conservative melt-quenching method. The existence of non-crystalline properties in the glasses was ascertained by X-ray diffraction analysis. The structural modifications were noticed by MAS-NMR spectroscopic investigation. Physical properties such as density, molar volume, oxygen packing density, average boron-boron separation, interionic distance, and polaron radius have been calculated by a suitable approach. The optical absorption studies were made through UV-visible absorption spectroscopy in the 350 nm to 800 nm wavelength range. The optical properties namely, optical energy bandgap, Urbach energy, optical basicity, electronegativity, and electric susceptibility, were also determined by using appropriate methods. The MAS-NMR spectroscopic experiments reveal that fewer BO4 units are converted to BO3 units and those NBOs are turned into bridging oxygen at a lower rate. The optical refractive index values and optical dielectric constant range from 2.241 to 2.358, and 5.0220 to 5.5601, respectively. The obtained energy band gap values (Eg(d): 3.367 eV to 3.597 eV and Eg(ind) 2.109 eV to 2.863 eV) and other significant optical parameters suggest that the investigated glasses are potential candidates for europium-doped fiber amplifier applications and possible optical switching applications.","PeriodicalId":16459,"journal":{"name":"Journal of metals, materials and minerals","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88852864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-27DOI: 10.55713/jmmm.v33i2.1668
A. Khosravi, Maryam Randjbar, Razieh Habibpour
A Zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) was synthesized by the solvothermal method of zinc nitrate hexahydrate and 2-methylimidazole in DMF to remove Cd(II), Ni(II), and Pb(II) ions from aqueous solutions. The synthesized ZIF-8 was distinguished by XRD, FT-IR, BET, SEM, EDX, TEM methods. Several significant variables were optimized with response surface methodology (RSM) to obtain the highest removal of metal ions. According to the achieved results, the aqueous solution pH values of 6.5, 6.5, and 6.0, ZIF-8 dosages of 0.05, 0.06, and 0.05 g⸳L-1, and metal ions initial concentrations of 50, 60, and 60 mg⸳L-1 were chosen as the optimum amount of these variables for Cd(II), Ni(II), and Pb(II) ions adsorption from solution, respectively. The equilibrium time for metal ions adsorption was found at 50 min. Three-dimensional plots demonstrate relationships between the metal ion uptakes with the paired factors, which illustrate the behavior of the sorption system in a batch process. Based on the experimental results and model parameters, maximum adsorption efficiencies were achieved 89.76, 72 and 68.43% for Cd(II), Ni(II) and Pb(II), respectively. It can be suggested that the synthetized ZIF-8 has excellent potential as an effective adsorbent and used for heavy metal sorption from water environment.
{"title":"Synthesis, characterization, and application of ZIF-8 for removal of Cd, Ni, and Pb ions from aqueous solutions: Optimization of the process by Response Surface Methodology (RSM) based on Central Composite Design (CCD) technique","authors":"A. Khosravi, Maryam Randjbar, Razieh Habibpour","doi":"10.55713/jmmm.v33i2.1668","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55713/jmmm.v33i2.1668","url":null,"abstract":"A Zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) was synthesized by the solvothermal method of zinc nitrate hexahydrate and 2-methylimidazole in DMF to remove Cd(II), Ni(II), and Pb(II) ions from aqueous solutions. The synthesized ZIF-8 was distinguished by XRD, FT-IR, BET, SEM, EDX, TEM methods. Several significant variables were optimized with response surface methodology (RSM) to obtain the highest removal of metal ions. According to the achieved results, the aqueous solution pH values of 6.5, 6.5, and 6.0, ZIF-8 dosages of 0.05, 0.06, and 0.05 g⸳L-1, and metal ions initial concentrations of 50, 60, and 60 mg⸳L-1 were chosen as the optimum amount of these variables for Cd(II), Ni(II), and Pb(II) ions adsorption from solution, respectively. The equilibrium time for metal ions adsorption was found at 50 min. Three-dimensional plots demonstrate relationships between the metal ion uptakes with the paired factors, which illustrate the behavior of the sorption system in a batch process. Based on the experimental results and model parameters, maximum adsorption efficiencies were achieved 89.76, 72 and 68.43% for Cd(II), Ni(II) and Pb(II), respectively. It can be suggested that the synthetized ZIF-8 has excellent potential as an effective adsorbent and used for heavy metal sorption from water environment.","PeriodicalId":16459,"journal":{"name":"Journal of metals, materials and minerals","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86989409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-27DOI: 10.55713/jmmm.v33i2.1601
S. Sriprasertsuk, S. Daosukho
This study investigated the influence of pottery stone and bagasse ash on the mechanical features of autoclaved lightweight concrete. Pottery stone is a natural resource of igneous rock weathering commonly exists with white clay, feldspar and limestone. This raw material is mainly composed of quartz and mica that has been used for the production of ceramic products. Bagasse ash is a waste product of the sugar refining process that causes serious environmental pollution. Pottery stone and bagasse ash waste were physically characterized and partially substituted by the weight of cement in lightweight concrete with the addition of aluminium powder at a certain amount. The use of aluminium powder showed a positive effect on the porosity of lightweight bodies. Compressive strength, density and thermal conductivity were determined. Pottery stone can be used as a natural pozzolan for the production of lightweight concrete. Lightweight concrete manufactured with 17.5% pottery stone and 17.5% bagasse ash showed low density and good compressive strength. Autoclaved lightweight concrete is considered an economy in the consumption of pottery stone and bagasse ash waste as cement replacement, therefore enhancing the possibility of its reuse in a sustainable way.
{"title":"Production of autoclaved lightweight concretes using pottery stone and bagasse ash","authors":"S. Sriprasertsuk, S. Daosukho","doi":"10.55713/jmmm.v33i2.1601","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55713/jmmm.v33i2.1601","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigated the influence of pottery stone and bagasse ash on the mechanical features of autoclaved lightweight concrete. Pottery stone is a natural resource of igneous rock weathering commonly exists with white clay, feldspar and limestone. This raw material is mainly composed of quartz and mica that has been used for the production of ceramic products. Bagasse ash is a waste product of the sugar refining process that causes serious environmental pollution. Pottery stone and bagasse ash waste were physically characterized and partially substituted by the weight of cement in lightweight concrete with the addition of aluminium powder at a certain amount. The use of aluminium powder showed a positive effect on the porosity of lightweight bodies. Compressive strength, density and thermal conductivity were determined. Pottery stone can be used as a natural pozzolan for the production of lightweight concrete. Lightweight concrete manufactured with 17.5% pottery stone and 17.5% bagasse ash showed low density and good compressive strength. Autoclaved lightweight concrete is considered an economy in the consumption of pottery stone and bagasse ash waste as cement replacement, therefore enhancing the possibility of its reuse in a sustainable way.","PeriodicalId":16459,"journal":{"name":"Journal of metals, materials and minerals","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85355476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-27DOI: 10.55713/jmmm.v33i2.1700
Mostapha Karaoui, R. Hsissou, M. Alami, M. Assouag
Natural particles are the most abundant resources exist in nature. Bio-sources of CaCO3 particles have attracted the attention of researchers for multiple cosmetics, industrial, and medical applications. This work investigates the structural evolution of CaCO3 containing in snail shell particles prepared by a mechanochemical process using methods of characterization as well as Differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (X-RD), Fourier transformation infra-red (FT-IR), and Scanning microscopy equipped with Energy-dispersive X-Ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDXS). The result obtained from the above analysis indicates that SSP calcined between 200℃ to 400℃ undergoes an elimination of water molecules, followed by a phase transformation from Aragonite to CaCO3 Calcite. At 800℃, the SSP decomposes CaCO3, giving rise to calcium oxide crystals CaO, which release CO2 molecules. These eliminations and transformations represent a loss of 47.08% of the initial mass at 800℃. The morphological analysis shows the surface of SSP calcined at 800℃ with CaO/CaCO3 crystal formation. Also, the mechanochemical process leads to obtaining an SSP with a size between 3.311 µm to 10.140 µm. Snail shells can be a natural source of CaCO3 and CaO, thanks to their ease of extraction and processing.
{"title":"Physico-chemical characterization of snail shells powder prepared by mechanochemical processes and thermal treatment","authors":"Mostapha Karaoui, R. Hsissou, M. Alami, M. Assouag","doi":"10.55713/jmmm.v33i2.1700","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55713/jmmm.v33i2.1700","url":null,"abstract":"Natural particles are the most abundant resources exist in nature. Bio-sources of CaCO3 particles have attracted the attention of researchers for multiple cosmetics, industrial, and medical applications. This work investigates the structural evolution of CaCO3 containing in snail shell particles prepared by a mechanochemical process using methods of characterization as well as Differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (X-RD), Fourier transformation infra-red (FT-IR), and Scanning microscopy equipped with Energy-dispersive X-Ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDXS). The result obtained from the above analysis indicates that SSP calcined between 200℃ to 400℃ undergoes an elimination of water molecules, followed by a phase transformation from Aragonite to CaCO3 Calcite. At 800℃, the SSP decomposes CaCO3, giving rise to calcium oxide crystals CaO, which release CO2 molecules. These eliminations and transformations represent a loss of 47.08% of the initial mass at 800℃. The morphological analysis shows the surface of SSP calcined at 800℃ with CaO/CaCO3 crystal formation. Also, the mechanochemical process leads to obtaining an SSP with a size between 3.311 µm to 10.140 µm. Snail shells can be a natural source of CaCO3 and CaO, thanks to their ease of extraction and processing.","PeriodicalId":16459,"journal":{"name":"Journal of metals, materials and minerals","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89073264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The enormous coconut shell waste from local farmers and manufacturers has caused negative environmental and economic impacts in Thailand. A low-cost, small-scale pyrolysis kiln comprised of a cylindrical tank, gas circulating pipes, a kiln stand, and a manual drum lever was constructed and used to produce biochar from coconut shells in this study. The air intake and holding times for the biochar production process were varied. The biochar yield was 30.67% to 36.22%, or 4.6 kg to 5.4 kg per day per unit. The biochar porosity and fixed carbon content increased as the air intake and holding times were increased. The BET surface areas were 7.54 m²∙g-1 to 63.17 m²∙g-1. The pH values of biochar were alkaline, in the range of 7.34 to 10.24. Therefore, biochar can be used as a soil amendment material. The Net Present Value (NPV), the Internal Rate of Return (IRR), and the payback period are 52,757 THB (1,459.79 USD), 18.71%, 4 years, 10 months, and 27 days, respectively. According to economic analysis, investing in coconut shell biochar production under optimal conditions using the developed kiln is acceptable and can be viewed as a potential approach to providing additional economic benefits for coconut-based enterprises and the Thai community.
当地农民和制造商丢弃的大量椰子壳对泰国的环境和经济造成了负面影响。本研究建造了一个低成本、小型的热解窑，由一个圆柱形罐、气体循环管道、一个窑架和一个手动鼓杆组成，并用于从椰子壳中生产生物炭。生物炭生产过程的进气量和保温时间是不同的。生物炭产量为30.67% ~ 36.22%，每单位产量为4.6 kg ~ 5.4 kg / d。生物炭孔隙度和固定碳含量随进气量和保温时间的增加而增加。BET表面积为7.54 ~ 63.17 m²∙g-1。生物炭的pH值为碱性，在7.34 ~ 10.24之间。因此，生物炭可以作为土壤改良剂。净现值(NPV)、内部收益率(IRR)和投资回收期分别为52,757泰铢(1,459.79美元)、18.71%、4年、10个月和27天。根据经济分析，利用开发的窑炉在最佳条件下投资椰子壳生物炭生产是可以接受的，并且可以视为为椰子企业和泰国社区提供额外经济效益的潜在方法。
{"title":"Feasibility study of coconut shell biochar production using community-scale biochar kiln","authors":"Uraiwan Pongsa, Pasuree Lumsakul, Orajit Jamesang, Prasan Saengkhiao, Phoometh Sangrayub, Wichai Pumchan","doi":"10.55713/jmmm.v33i2.1699","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55713/jmmm.v33i2.1699","url":null,"abstract":"The enormous coconut shell waste from local farmers and manufacturers has caused negative environmental and economic impacts in Thailand. A low-cost, small-scale pyrolysis kiln comprised of a cylindrical tank, gas circulating pipes, a kiln stand, and a manual drum lever was constructed and used to produce biochar from coconut shells in this study. The air intake and holding times for the biochar production process were varied. The biochar yield was 30.67% to 36.22%, or 4.6 kg to 5.4 kg per day per unit. The biochar porosity and fixed carbon content increased as the air intake and holding times were increased. The BET surface areas were 7.54 m²∙g-1 to 63.17 m²∙g-1. The pH values of biochar were alkaline, in the range of 7.34 to 10.24. Therefore, biochar can be used as a soil amendment material. The Net Present Value (NPV), the Internal Rate of Return (IRR), and the payback period are 52,757 THB (1,459.79 USD), 18.71%, 4 years, 10 months, and 27 days, respectively. According to economic analysis, investing in coconut shell biochar production under optimal conditions using the developed kiln is acceptable and can be viewed as a potential approach to providing additional economic benefits for coconut-based enterprises and the Thai community.","PeriodicalId":16459,"journal":{"name":"Journal of metals, materials and minerals","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80107967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-27DOI: 10.55713/jmmm.v33i2.1698
A. Jinnapat, Patchayapon Doungkom, Kritkeaw Somton, K. Dateraksa
The purpose of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of composite armor against 7.62 mm ballistic threats. A sandwich panel construction consisting of a 96% alumina ceramic strike face, an annealed aluminum alloy 7075 cubic lattice sandwich panel, and a thin aluminum backing plate were used to create hard armor. The ballistic test based on NIJ standard level III was performed using 7.62 mm × 51 mm NATO projectiles at an impact velocity of 847 ± 9.1 m∙s-1. The influences of the alumina strike face panel with thicknesses of 7, 10, and 14 mm on the ballistic performance were investigated. The results of the ballistic test suggest that hard armor designs can resist a ballistic impact of 7.62 mm × 51 mm NATO projectiles without penetrating them. With the increase in thickness of alumina ceramic tile, the deformation of the aluminum backing plate decreased. Furthermore, the annealed aluminum alloy 7075 cubic lattice sandwich panel could be able to absorb the residual kinetic energy of the projectile after it was eroded by the ceramic strike panel. The damaged targets after ballistic impact were presented. Collectively, these results indicate that the armor composites in this study may be used in military vehicle applications.
本研究的目的是研究复合装甲对抗7.62毫米弹道威胁的有效性。由96%氧化铝陶瓷打击面、退火铝合金7075立方点阵夹层板和薄铝背板组成的夹层板结构用于制造硬装甲。基于NIJ标准III级的弹道试验采用7.62 mm × 51 mm NATO弹丸，冲击速度为847±9.1 m∙s-1。研究了7 mm、10 mm和14 mm三种厚度的氧化铝打击面板对弹道性能的影响。弹道试验结果表明，硬装甲设计可以抵抗7.62 mm × 51 mm北约炮弹的弹道冲击而不穿透它们。随着氧化铝瓷砖厚度的增加，铝底板的变形减小。退火后的铝合金7075立方点阵夹芯板能够吸收弹丸被陶瓷打击板侵蚀后的残余动能。给出了弹道冲击后的破坏目标。总之，这些结果表明，本研究的装甲复合材料可以应用于军用车辆。
{"title":"Ballistic performance of composite armor impacted by 7.62 mm armor projectile","authors":"A. Jinnapat, Patchayapon Doungkom, Kritkeaw Somton, K. Dateraksa","doi":"10.55713/jmmm.v33i2.1698","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55713/jmmm.v33i2.1698","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of composite armor against 7.62 mm ballistic threats. A sandwich panel construction consisting of a 96% alumina ceramic strike face, an annealed aluminum alloy 7075 cubic lattice sandwich panel, and a thin aluminum backing plate were used to create hard armor. The ballistic test based on NIJ standard level III was performed using 7.62 mm × 51 mm NATO projectiles at an impact velocity of 847 ± 9.1 m∙s-1. The influences of the alumina strike face panel with thicknesses of 7, 10, and 14 mm on the ballistic performance were investigated. The results of the ballistic test suggest that hard armor designs can resist a ballistic impact of 7.62 mm × 51 mm NATO projectiles without penetrating them. With the increase in thickness of alumina ceramic tile, the deformation of the aluminum backing plate decreased. Furthermore, the annealed aluminum alloy 7075 cubic lattice sandwich panel could be able to absorb the residual kinetic energy of the projectile after it was eroded by the ceramic strike panel. The damaged targets after ballistic impact were presented. Collectively, these results indicate that the armor composites in this study may be used in military vehicle applications.","PeriodicalId":16459,"journal":{"name":"Journal of metals, materials and minerals","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78716200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-27DOI: 10.55713/jmmm.v33i2.1633
Parinya Chakartnarodom, P. Sonprasarn, S. Polsilapa, N. Kongkajun, E. Laitila, W. Prakaypan
Due to more strict environmental protection and greenhouse gas reduction, it is very important for all industries to appropriately manage their energy consumption. Fiber- reinforced cement composites are the popular building materials which consume enormous energy to intensify its chemical reaction during the autoclave steam curing process. Utilization of chemical admixture to replace the conventional energy-driven autoclave steam curing process will support the fiber- reinforced cement composites industry to develop sustainable building materials. In this research, typical and mechanical properties of the air-cured fiber- reinforced cement composites incorporated with alumino-silicate based accelerator were investigated. The results show an excellent positive correlation between the water-cement ratio of the mix design and the mechanical strength which is the optimum water-cement ratio for this FRCC are 0.53. Moreover, the properties of fiber- reinforced cement composites cured by either the autoclave steam curing process or air-curing process are comparable.
{"title":"The influence of water-cement ratios and alumino-silicate based accelerator on the properties of fiber-reinforced cement composites","authors":"Parinya Chakartnarodom, P. Sonprasarn, S. Polsilapa, N. Kongkajun, E. Laitila, W. Prakaypan","doi":"10.55713/jmmm.v33i2.1633","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55713/jmmm.v33i2.1633","url":null,"abstract":"Due to more strict environmental protection and greenhouse gas reduction, it is very important for all industries to appropriately manage their energy consumption. Fiber- reinforced cement composites are the popular building materials which consume enormous energy to intensify its chemical reaction during the autoclave steam curing process. Utilization of chemical admixture to replace the conventional energy-driven autoclave steam curing process will support the fiber- reinforced cement composites industry to develop sustainable building materials. In this research, typical and mechanical properties of the air-cured fiber- reinforced cement composites incorporated with alumino-silicate based accelerator were investigated. The results show an excellent positive correlation between the water-cement ratio of the mix design and the mechanical strength which is the optimum water-cement ratio for this FRCC are 0.53. Moreover, the properties of fiber- reinforced cement composites cured by either the autoclave steam curing process or air-curing process are comparable.","PeriodicalId":16459,"journal":{"name":"Journal of metals, materials and minerals","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73317179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-27DOI: 10.55713/jmmm.v33i2.1705
M. Maung, C. Aung, G. Panomsuwan, Khin Khin Win
Graphene Oxide (GO) metal nanocomposites make up an emerging class of advanced materials and enhance material functionality to obtain multifunctional properties and working towards superior performance of energy storage devices. GO was derived from Myanmar coal minerals using Modified Hummer method. The silver and nickel nanoparticles were used as metal ions or metal nanoparticles to form GO nanocomposites. Their characteristics were identified by XRD, SEM and Raman Spectroscopy. The energy gap of GO and GO composites was also investigated by the aid of UV-Vis spectroscopy. The dielectric constant is measures of the amount of electrical energy that can be stored in GO derived from coal mineral. The frequency-dependent dielectric properties and AC conductivity has been explored using GW INSTEK LCR-8110 meter. It was found that the dielectric constant is maximum at low frequencies region and decreases with increasing frequency. The electrochemical performance of this sample was examined by cyclic voltammetry (CV) measurement. The CV curves of GO have typical rectangular-like shape and no evident oxidation/reduction peak. The prototypes of flat-shaped capacitors were prepared and their capacitive values were also determined. The as-prepared GO on the copper foil can be directly used to fabricate solid-state super capacitor.
{"title":"Dielectric Properties and Electrochemical behavior of Graphene Oxide derived from Myanmar Coal Minerals","authors":"M. Maung, C. Aung, G. Panomsuwan, Khin Khin Win","doi":"10.55713/jmmm.v33i2.1705","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55713/jmmm.v33i2.1705","url":null,"abstract":"Graphene Oxide (GO) metal nanocomposites make up an emerging class of advanced materials and enhance material functionality to obtain multifunctional properties and working towards superior performance of energy storage devices. GO was derived from Myanmar coal minerals using Modified Hummer method. The silver and nickel nanoparticles were used as metal ions or metal nanoparticles to form GO nanocomposites. Their characteristics were identified by XRD, SEM and Raman Spectroscopy. The energy gap of GO and GO composites was also investigated by the aid of UV-Vis spectroscopy. The dielectric constant is measures of the amount of electrical energy that can be stored in GO derived from coal mineral. The frequency-dependent dielectric properties and AC conductivity has been explored using GW INSTEK LCR-8110 meter. It was found that the dielectric constant is maximum at low frequencies region and decreases with increasing frequency. The electrochemical performance of this sample was examined by cyclic voltammetry (CV) measurement. The CV curves of GO have typical rectangular-like shape and no evident oxidation/reduction peak. The prototypes of flat-shaped capacitors were prepared and their capacitive values were also determined. The as-prepared GO on the copper foil can be directly used to fabricate solid-state super capacitor.","PeriodicalId":16459,"journal":{"name":"Journal of metals, materials and minerals","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72705974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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