Pub Date : 2025-11-08DOI: 10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2025.123854
Manju Bala , Neha Sehrawat , Preeti Sharma , Jaswant K. Yadav , Sajjan Dahiya , R. Punia
The electrical conductivity of 60B2O3.15ZnO.xLi2O.(25-x)Bi2O3 glass system has been measured by complex impedance spectroscopy in the frequency range from 100 Hz to 5 MHz and temperature range 623-723 K with varying Li2O concentration. Experimentally observed data of ac conductivity is fitted with Jonscher’s power law, and conductivity parameters viz. crossover frequency (ωH), frequency exponent (s), dc conductivity (σdc), enthalpy of formation (Hf), and migration (Hm) of the Li+ ion have been estimated. Quantum Mechanical Electron tunnelling theory of conduction mechanism is found applicable in these glasses. At a given temperature, conductivity increases with Li2O content. The stretch parameter ‘β’ is observed to be temperature-dependent, and its value increases with a rise in Li2O content (β is 0.829 for x=10 and 0.928 for x=25 at 663 K), which signifies increased structural homogeneity and a smaller distribution of relaxation times. Relaxation time estimated from both electric modulus (τM") and impedance (τZ") decreases with an increase in Li2O content. With Li2O content, experimental values of dc (Edc) and ac (Ez) activation energies of the studied glass system follow similar behaviour as the total concentration of tetrahedral BO4 units (N4). An increase in the N4 fraction signifies a decrease in the activation energy for ionic conductivity.
{"title":"Correlative analysis of electrical-structural properties of 60B2O3.15ZnO.xLi2O.(25-x)Bi2O3 glass system","authors":"Manju Bala , Neha Sehrawat , Preeti Sharma , Jaswant K. Yadav , Sajjan Dahiya , R. Punia","doi":"10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2025.123854","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2025.123854","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The electrical conductivity of 60B<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>.15ZnO.xLi<sub>2</sub>O.(25-x)Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> glass system has been measured by complex impedance spectroscopy in the frequency range from 100 Hz to 5 MHz and temperature range 623-723 K with varying Li<sub>2</sub>O concentration. Experimentally observed data of ac conductivity is fitted with Jonscher’s power law, and conductivity parameters viz. crossover frequency (ω<sub>H</sub>), frequency exponent (s), dc conductivity (<em>σ<sub>dc</sub></em>), enthalpy of formation (H<sub>f</sub>), and migration (H<sub>m</sub>) of the Li<sup>+</sup> ion have been estimated. Quantum Mechanical Electron tunnelling theory of conduction mechanism is found applicable in these glasses. At a given temperature, conductivity increases with Li<sub>2</sub>O content. The stretch parameter ‘<em>β’</em> is observed to be temperature-dependent, and its value increases with a rise in Li<sub>2</sub>O content (<em>β</em> is 0.829 for <em>x</em>=10 and 0.928 for <em>x</em>=25 at 663 K), which signifies increased structural homogeneity and a smaller distribution of relaxation times. Relaxation time estimated from both electric modulus (τ<sub>M\"</sub>) and impedance (τ<sub>Z\"</sub>) decreases with an increase in Li<sub>2</sub>O content. With Li<sub>2</sub>O content, experimental values of dc (<em>E<sub>dc</sub></em>) and ac (<em>E<sub>z</sub></em>) activation energies of the studied glass system follow similar behaviour as the total concentration of tetrahedral BO<sub>4</sub> units (N<sub>4</sub>). An increase in the N<sub>4</sub> fraction signifies a decrease in the activation energy for ionic conductivity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16461,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Non-crystalline Solids","volume":"672 ","pages":"Article 123854"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145468849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-07DOI: 10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2025.123852
Shahin Parveen , Nidhi Bhatt , Abdul Whab , R. Venkatesh , Ramesh B Kamble , Jehova Jire L. Hmar , Pumlianmunga
GeSe2-doped Ge2Sb2Te5 (GST) films have been studied as a next-generation phase change memory (PCM) material. Amorphous GST film crystallizes into rock salt (FCC) phase at ∼168 °C, followed by the hexagonal (HEX) phase at ∼280 °C. The doped films also exhibit the two-stage crystallisation behaviour of GST at higher temperatures, ∼235 °C and 330 °C (at. % of GeSe2=25) for FCC and HEX structures, respectively, without phase segregation, indicating improved PCM properties. After doping, the activation energy for crystallisation increased to 4.37 eV (GST = 2.79 eV), resulting in improved data retention over 10 years. The optical band gap increases by around 35% in both amorphous and crystalline films, with higher resistances in the crystalline phases. Reducing the threshold current (Ith) from 1.45 (GST) to 0.3 mA with the addition of GeSe2 will minimise the power usage for the PCM RESET operation.
{"title":"Enhanced phase change memory properties of Ge2Sb2Te5 film through the incorporation of GeSe2","authors":"Shahin Parveen , Nidhi Bhatt , Abdul Whab , R. Venkatesh , Ramesh B Kamble , Jehova Jire L. Hmar , Pumlianmunga","doi":"10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2025.123852","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2025.123852","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>GeSe<sub>2</sub>-doped Ge<sub>2</sub>Sb<sub>2</sub>Te<sub>5</sub> (GST) films have been studied as a next-generation phase change memory (PCM) material. Amorphous GST film crystallizes into rock salt (FCC) phase at ∼168 °C, followed by the hexagonal (HEX) phase at ∼280 °C. The doped films also exhibit the two-stage crystallisation behaviour of GST at higher temperatures, ∼235 °C and 330 °C (at. % of GeSe<sub>2</sub>=25) for FCC and HEX structures, respectively, without phase segregation, indicating improved PCM properties. After doping, the activation energy for crystallisation increased to 4.37 eV (GST = 2.79 eV), resulting in improved data retention over 10 years. The optical band gap increases by around 35% in both amorphous and crystalline films, with higher resistances in the crystalline phases. Reducing the threshold current (I<sub>th</sub>) from 1.45 (GST) to 0.3 mA with the addition of GeSe<sub>2</sub> will minimise the power usage for the PCM RESET operation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16461,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Non-crystalline Solids","volume":"672 ","pages":"Article 123852"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145468850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-06DOI: 10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2025.123850
Frizka Vietanti , Bing-Xuan Lu , Yu-Jen Chou
Bioactive glasses (BGs) have gained considerable interest owing to their excellent bioactivity and biodegradability. In addition, incorporating vanadium (V) has emerged as a promising strategy to enhance the biological performance for bone regeneration applications. Nevertheless, high V concentrations could suppress bioactivity and potentially induce cytotoxic effects. To investigate its impact toward spray-dried BGs, undoped and V-doped 58S BGs were fabricated with different V dopant concentrations (1, 3, and 5 mol%) via spray drying, while characterizations on the phase structure, morphology, bioactivity, and osteoblast activity were conducted. Results demonstrated that undoped and V-doped BG microspheres maintained amorphous structure and smooth spherical morphology, even at higher doping concentrations, along with the underlying formation mechanism discussed. Additionally, in vitro bioactivity results after immersion of V-doped bioactive glass microspheres in simulated body fluid (SBF) indicated that the formation of hydroxyapatite (HA) diminished as the concentration of V increased. Meanwhile, the evaluations of osteoblast activity confirmed that all samples were non-toxic, and the addition of V up to 3 mol% could promote the proliferation of osteoblast cells.
{"title":"Influence of vanadium doping on the in vitro bioactivity and osteoblast activity of spray-dried bioactive glass microspheres","authors":"Frizka Vietanti , Bing-Xuan Lu , Yu-Jen Chou","doi":"10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2025.123850","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2025.123850","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bioactive glasses (BGs) have gained considerable interest owing to their excellent bioactivity and biodegradability. In addition, incorporating vanadium (V) has emerged as a promising strategy to enhance the biological performance for bone regeneration applications. Nevertheless, high V concentrations could suppress bioactivity and potentially induce cytotoxic effects. To investigate its impact toward spray-dried BGs, undoped and V-doped 58S BGs were fabricated with different V dopant concentrations (1, 3, and 5 mol%) via spray drying, while characterizations on the phase structure, morphology, bioactivity, and osteoblast activity were conducted. Results demonstrated that undoped and V-doped BG microspheres maintained amorphous structure and smooth spherical morphology, even at higher doping concentrations, along with the underlying formation mechanism discussed. Additionally, in vitro bioactivity results after immersion of V-doped bioactive glass microspheres in simulated body fluid (SBF) indicated that the formation of hydroxyapatite (HA) diminished as the concentration of V increased. Meanwhile, the evaluations of osteoblast activity confirmed that all samples were non-toxic, and the addition of V up to 3 mol% could promote the proliferation of osteoblast cells.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16461,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Non-crystalline Solids","volume":"672 ","pages":"Article 123850"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145442459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-05DOI: 10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2025.123856
Huili Zhou , Guiyuan Zheng , Zechen Hu , Panting Wang , Yiting Tao , Jie Huang , Deren Yang , Xuegong Yu
High-purity quartz glass is widely used in semiconductor, photovoltaic, biological and other high-tech fields by its superior physical and chemical properties. Gas bubbles are one of the main defects in high-purity quartz glass. In this work, high-purity quartz glasses were prepared by induction heating method, the gas bubbles in the glass melt were retained through rapid cooling. The evolution mechanisms of gas bubble size and distribution in radial and longitudinal directions due to the extending holding time at the highest temperature were investigated. The results show that in the radial direction, the average bubble size increases with holding time due to Ostwald ripening, while the number of gas bubbles of different sizes and their accumulated area exhibit a rapid initial decrease followed by a gradual decline, which can be ascribed to the bubble dissolution; in the longitudinal direction, the gas bubbles in the center region are the fewest, and the accumulated bubble-count increases with distance from the centre, this consistent trend across different holding time indicates negligible gas bubble rising; the average size of the gas bubbles at the top increases monotonically with holding time, while the accumulated bubble-count remains nearly constant, suggesting that gas bubbles at the top absorb the gas from glass and grow. Raman spectroscopic showed the presence of CO in gas bubbles. This work investigates the evolution of gas bubbles in high-purity quartz glass, contributing to a deeper understanding of gas bubble behavior and its underlying mechanism.
{"title":"Evolution mechanisms of gas bubbles in high-purity quartz glass","authors":"Huili Zhou , Guiyuan Zheng , Zechen Hu , Panting Wang , Yiting Tao , Jie Huang , Deren Yang , Xuegong Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2025.123856","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2025.123856","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High-purity quartz glass is widely used in semiconductor, photovoltaic, biological and other high-tech fields by its superior physical and chemical properties. Gas bubbles are one of the main defects in high-purity quartz glass. In this work, high-purity quartz glasses were prepared by induction heating method, the gas bubbles in the glass melt were retained through rapid cooling. The evolution mechanisms of gas bubble size and distribution in radial and longitudinal directions due to the extending holding time at the highest temperature were investigated. The results show that in the radial direction, the average bubble size increases with holding time due to Ostwald ripening, while the number of gas bubbles of different sizes and their accumulated area exhibit a rapid initial decrease followed by a gradual decline, which can be ascribed to the bubble dissolution; in the longitudinal direction, the gas bubbles in the center region are the fewest, and the accumulated bubble-count increases with distance from the centre, this consistent trend across different holding time indicates negligible gas bubble rising; the average size of the gas bubbles at the top increases monotonically with holding time, while the accumulated bubble-count remains nearly constant, suggesting that gas bubbles at the top absorb the gas from glass and grow. Raman spectroscopic showed the presence of CO in gas bubbles. This work investigates the evolution of gas bubbles in high-purity quartz glass, contributing to a deeper understanding of gas bubble behavior and its underlying mechanism.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16461,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Non-crystalline Solids","volume":"672 ","pages":"Article 123856"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145442458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-04DOI: 10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2025.123853
Qing Mu , Xing Gao , Yanzhi Wang , Ping Zhou
Fused silica is a cornerstone material in optics due to its exceptional optical transparency and chemical inertness. Laser conditioning shows pronounced potential to improve its laser damage resistance by pre-irradiated with sub-threshold laser pulses. However, it still causes the degradation in performance, and even catastrophic damage, limited by the unresolved defect evolution under laser irradiation, where contradictory mechanisms, i.e., defect reduction versus multiplication, are yet to be clarified. To clarify this issue and uncover the mechanisms and influencing factors of defect evolution, this work investigates the dynamic behavior of defects during laser conditioning using non-bridging oxygen hole center (NBOHC) as an example. The results reveal that both multiplication and reduction of NBOHC could occur on the same sample with the improvement and degradation in laser induced damage threshold, demonstrating bidirectional evolution of NBOHC. Elevated temperatures drive the transition from the reduction to multiplication, and the corresponding turning point depends on the initial NBOHC population. The competing between NBOHC multiplication and reduction is elucidated. Specifically, NBOHC multiplication arises from bond cleavage at overcoordinated Si sites, while reduction occurs via the reverse reaction, recombination with E’ center, or conversion into other defects. Finally, an evolution model is proposed to predict whether the NBOHC multiplication or reduction dominates under given condition. These findings contribute to the understanding of defect bidirectional evolution during laser conditioning and offer insights for improving the performance of fused silica.
{"title":"Bidirectional evolution of NBOHC defects and its effect on laser damage resistance of fused silica during laser conditioning","authors":"Qing Mu , Xing Gao , Yanzhi Wang , Ping Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2025.123853","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2025.123853","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fused silica is a cornerstone material in optics due to its exceptional optical transparency and chemical inertness. Laser conditioning shows pronounced potential to improve its laser damage resistance by pre-irradiated with sub-threshold laser pulses. However, it still causes the degradation in performance, and even catastrophic damage, limited by the unresolved defect evolution under laser irradiation, where contradictory mechanisms, i.e., defect reduction versus multiplication, are yet to be clarified. To clarify this issue and uncover the mechanisms and influencing factors of defect evolution, this work investigates the dynamic behavior of defects during laser conditioning using non-bridging oxygen hole center (NBOHC) as an example. The results reveal that both multiplication and reduction of NBOHC could occur on the same sample with the improvement and degradation in laser induced damage threshold, demonstrating bidirectional evolution of NBOHC. Elevated temperatures drive the transition from the reduction to multiplication, and the corresponding turning point depends on the initial NBOHC population. The competing between NBOHC multiplication and reduction is elucidated. Specifically, NBOHC multiplication arises from bond cleavage at overcoordinated Si sites, while reduction occurs via the reverse reaction, recombination with E’ center, or conversion into other defects. Finally, an evolution model is proposed to predict whether the NBOHC multiplication or reduction dominates under given condition. These findings contribute to the understanding of defect bidirectional evolution during laser conditioning and offer insights for improving the performance of fused silica.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16461,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Non-crystalline Solids","volume":"671 ","pages":"Article 123853"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145475501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-04DOI: 10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2025.123849
Kang Yao , Haixiang Zhang , Shenghong Shi , Shiquan Liu
In glass factory, the substitution of Na2O by K2O is often on an equal weight base. This work investigated such a substitution in a Na2O/K2O-CaO-Al2O3-B2O3-SiO2 pharmaceutical packaging glass. After measuring the concentrations of leached ions in and pH of the water resistance test solutions, a reverse “S-type” mixed alkali effect (MAE) on the water resistance of glass was revealed. The glass with 1wt% and 4.2wt% K2O exhibited the worst and best water durability, respectively. The FTIR and Raman spectroscopic results demonstrated the variations of Q2 and [BO3] with K2O/(Na2O+K2O) ratios also exhibited a reverse “S-shaped” trend, which is in good agreement with the water resistance results. Moreover, the ion leaching ratios were in the sequence of B > Si > Al > Na > K, aligning with the ion radius. The results suggest the need for a comprehensive understanding of MAE when designing pharmaceutical packaging glasses compositions based on the weight percentages.
在玻璃厂中，用K2O代替Na2O通常是在同等重量的基础上进行的。本文研究了这种取代在Na2O/K2O-CaO-Al2O3-B2O3-SiO2医药包装玻璃中的应用。通过测定耐水性测试溶液的浸出离子浓度和pH值，揭示了混合碱对玻璃耐水性的反“s型”效应。K2O含量为1wt%和4.2wt%的玻璃的水耐久性最差和最好。FTIR和拉曼光谱结果表明，Q2和[BO3]随K2O/(Na2O+K2O)比的变化也呈现出相反的“s”型趋势，这与水阻结果吻合较好。离子浸出比依次为B >； Si > Al > Na >； K，与离子半径一致。结果表明，在设计基于重量百分比的药品包装玻璃组合物时，需要全面了解MAE。
{"title":"A reverse “S-type” mixed alkali effect of structural variations and correlated water resistance of Na2O/K2O-CaO-Al2O3-B2O3-SiO2 glasses with equal weight substitutions of Na2O by K2O","authors":"Kang Yao , Haixiang Zhang , Shenghong Shi , Shiquan Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2025.123849","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2025.123849","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In glass factory, the substitution of Na<sub>2</sub>O by K<sub>2</sub>O is often on an equal weight base. This work investigated such a substitution in a Na<sub>2</sub>O/K<sub>2</sub>O-CaO-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-B<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-SiO<sub>2</sub> pharmaceutical packaging glass. After measuring the concentrations of leached ions in and pH of the water resistance test solutions, a reverse “S-type” mixed alkali effect (MAE) on the water resistance of glass was revealed. The glass with 1wt% and 4.2wt% K<sub>2</sub>O exhibited the worst and best water durability, respectively. The FTIR and Raman spectroscopic results demonstrated the variations of Q<sup>2</sup> and [BO<sub>3</sub>] with K<sub>2</sub>O/(Na<sub>2</sub>O+K<sub>2</sub>O) ratios also exhibited a reverse “S-shaped” trend, which is in good agreement with the water resistance results. Moreover, the ion leaching ratios were in the sequence of B > Si > Al > Na > K, aligning with the ion radius. The results suggest the need for a comprehensive understanding of MAE when designing pharmaceutical packaging glasses compositions based on the weight percentages.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16461,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Non-crystalline Solids","volume":"671 ","pages":"Article 123849"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145475500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-03DOI: 10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2025.123851
Parth Aphale, Himanshu Shekhar, Shashank Dokania
We read with great interest the article by Świontek et al. entitled “Amorphous structure and thermoluminescence characteristics of moldavites from Lower Silesia (Poland) and an indochinite from China” published in the Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids [1]. The study provides valuable comparative insights into structural and luminescence properties of tektites, a subject that continues to attract attention given their complex origin and potential as natural analogues for silicate glasses. While the methodological rigor of the work is commendable, several aspects merit further discussion and clarification.
我们饶有兴趣地阅读了Świontek等人发表在《非结晶固体杂志》（Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids[1]）上的文章，题为“波兰下西里西亚moldavites和中国indochinite的无定形结构和热释光特性”。该研究提供了有价值的比较见解的结构和发光性质的球晶石，一个主题，继续吸引人们的关注，因为它们的复杂的起源和潜力的天然类似物的硅酸盐玻璃。虽然这项工作在方法上的严谨性值得赞扬，但有几个方面值得进一步讨论和澄清。
{"title":"Letter to editor: Expanding perspectives on structural variability and luminescence in tektites","authors":"Parth Aphale, Himanshu Shekhar, Shashank Dokania","doi":"10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2025.123851","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2025.123851","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We read with great interest the article by Świontek et al. entitled “Amorphous structure and thermoluminescence characteristics of moldavites from Lower Silesia (Poland) and an indochinite from China” published in the Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids [1]. The study provides valuable comparative insights into structural and luminescence properties of tektites, a subject that continues to attract attention given their complex origin and potential as natural analogues for silicate glasses. While the methodological rigor of the work is commendable, several aspects merit further discussion and clarification<strong>.</strong></div></div>","PeriodicalId":16461,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Non-crystalline Solids","volume":"671 ","pages":"Article 123851"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145475503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2025.123837
Uroš Hribar , Matjaž Spreitzer , Jakob König
This study explores the potential of hydrothermally treated waste glass for producing foamed glass using a carbonaceous foaming agent (glycerol) in an air atmosphere. The objective was to assess the feasibility of this alternative route for producing sustainable, lightweight materials with reduced energy and material inputs by repurposing cathode ray tube panels (CRT), flint glass (FG), and mixed-color container glass (MCG). Investigated glass powders were treated in a saturated steam atmosphere inside a pressure vessel and characterized using X-ray diffraction and Fourier-transform spectroscopy to identify structural changes. The foaming behavior of hydrothermally treated waste was analyzed through heating stage microscopy and thermogravimetric analysis coupled with mass spectrometry. The foamed glass samples were further assessed for density and thermal conductivity.
The results demonstrate that hydrothermal treatment significantly influences the foaming process. Glass powders with higher content of structurally bonded water exhibit lower sintering temperature and pronounced expansion after the hydrothermal treatment. A higher hydration level reduced the onset foaming temperature and facilitated higher expansion. Additionally, combining hydrothermally treated powders with glycerol as a foaming agent enabled effective expansion, even in an air atmosphere, achieving density as low as 108 kg m-3.
The results of this study suggest that hydrothermal treatment of waste glasses enables the implementation of carbonaceous foaming agents in the air atmosphere and could thus offer an alternative route for the foaming of glass.
本研究探索了在空气气氛中使用含碳发泡剂（甘油）对废玻璃进行水热处理以生产泡沫玻璃的潜力。目的是通过重新利用阴极射线管面板（CRT）、火石玻璃（FG）和混合色容器玻璃（MCG），评估这种替代路线的可行性，以减少能源和材料投入，生产可持续的轻质材料。所研究的玻璃粉在压力容器内的饱和蒸汽气氛中处理，并使用x射线衍射和傅里叶变换光谱来确定结构变化。采用加热级显微法、热重联用质谱法对水热处理后的废渣的发泡行为进行了分析。进一步评估了发泡玻璃样品的密度和导热性。结果表明，水热处理对泡沫过程有显著影响。结构结合水含量高的玻璃粉经水热处理后，烧结温度较低，膨胀明显。水化水平越高，发泡温度越低，膨胀率越高。此外，将水热处理的粉末与甘油作为发泡剂相结合，即使在空气中也能有效膨胀，密度低至108 kg m-3。本研究结果表明，水热处理废玻璃使碳质发泡剂在空气气氛中得以实现，从而为玻璃的发泡提供了另一种途径。
{"title":"Effect of hydrothermal treatment on the structure and foaming of waste glass","authors":"Uroš Hribar , Matjaž Spreitzer , Jakob König","doi":"10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2025.123837","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2025.123837","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study explores the potential of hydrothermally treated waste glass for producing foamed glass using a carbonaceous foaming agent (glycerol) in an air atmosphere. The objective was to assess the feasibility of this alternative route for producing sustainable, lightweight materials with reduced energy and material inputs by repurposing cathode ray tube panels (CRT), flint glass (FG), and mixed-color container glass (MCG). Investigated glass powders were treated in a saturated steam atmosphere inside a pressure vessel and characterized using X-ray diffraction and Fourier-transform spectroscopy to identify structural changes. The foaming behavior of hydrothermally treated waste was analyzed through heating stage microscopy and thermogravimetric analysis coupled with mass spectrometry. The foamed glass samples were further assessed for density and thermal conductivity.</div><div>The results demonstrate that hydrothermal treatment significantly influences the foaming process. Glass powders with higher content of structurally bonded water exhibit lower sintering temperature and pronounced expansion after the hydrothermal treatment. A higher hydration level reduced the onset foaming temperature and facilitated higher expansion. Additionally, combining hydrothermally treated powders with glycerol as a foaming agent enabled effective expansion, even in an air atmosphere, achieving density as low as 108 kg m<sup>-3</sup>.</div><div>The results of this study suggest that hydrothermal treatment of waste glasses enables the implementation of carbonaceous foaming agents in the air atmosphere and could thus offer an alternative route for the foaming of glass.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16461,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Non-crystalline Solids","volume":"671 ","pages":"Article 123837"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145420170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2025.123834
Nianqiang Zhang , Tao Du , Yuchen Shang , Xiang Xu , Huigang Xiao , Zhaodong Liu , Bingbing Liu , Hui Li
The intrinsic brittleness of cement-based materials is largely attributed to the disordered and porous microstructure of their primary binding phase, namely calcium silicate hydrates (C-S-H). Overcoming this limitation requires a fundamental shift in the structural organization of hydration products. In this study, we explore the hydration of Ca3SiO5 (C3S) under extreme high-temperature and high-pressure (HTHP) conditions—up to 500 °C and 15 GPa—to induce a transformation from disordered C-S-H gels to hierarchically ordered nanocrystalline phases. This structural evolution yields remarkable mechanical enhancements, including a 490 % increase in indentation modulus, a 2300 % increase in creep modulus, and a 480 % increase in micropillar compressive strength. Through a combined experimental and molecular dynamics simulation approach, we demonstrate that these improvements are directly attributed to the formation of hydrous larnite (HL) and hydrous post-hatrurite (HPH), which form a hierarchical crystalline network. These crystalline domains confer superior stress resistance and effectively suppress crack initiation and propagation, enabling efficient dissipation of strain energy via self-reinforcing mechanisms. Our findings establish hierarchical crystallization under extreme conditions as a promising bottom-up strategy for the intrinsic reinforcement of cement hydrates, opening new avenues for the design of high-performance, next-generation cementitious materials.
水泥基材料的固有脆性很大程度上归因于其初级结合相，即硅酸钙水合物（C-S-H）的无序和多孔微观结构。克服这一限制需要从根本上改变水化产物的结构组织。在这项研究中，我们探索了Ca3SiO5 （C3S）在高达500°C和15 gpa的极端高温高压（HTHP）条件下的水化作用，以诱导无序的C- s - h凝胶向分层有序的纳米晶相转变。这种结构演变产生了显著的力学增强，包括压痕模量增加490%，蠕变模量增加230%，微柱抗压强度增加480%。通过实验和分子动力学模拟相结合的方法，我们证明了这些改进直接归因于水合larnite （HL）和水合post- hatrite （HPH）的形成，它们形成了一个分层的晶体网络。这些晶域具有优异的抗应力性，有效地抑制了裂纹的萌生和扩展，通过自我强化机制实现了应变能的有效耗散。我们的研究结果建立了极端条件下的分层结晶，作为一种有希望的自下而上的水泥水合物内在增强策略，为高性能下一代胶凝材料的设计开辟了新的途径。
{"title":"Hierarchical crystallization under extreme conditions enables self-strengthening in cement hydrates","authors":"Nianqiang Zhang , Tao Du , Yuchen Shang , Xiang Xu , Huigang Xiao , Zhaodong Liu , Bingbing Liu , Hui Li","doi":"10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2025.123834","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2025.123834","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The intrinsic brittleness of cement-based materials is largely attributed to the disordered and porous microstructure of their primary binding phase, namely calcium silicate hydrates (C-S-H). Overcoming this limitation requires a fundamental shift in the structural organization of hydration products. In this study, we explore the hydration of Ca<sub>3</sub>SiO<sub>5</sub> (C<sub>3</sub>S) under extreme high-temperature and high-pressure (HTHP) conditions—up to 500 °C and 15 GPa—to induce a transformation from disordered C-S-H gels to hierarchically ordered nanocrystalline phases. This structural evolution yields remarkable mechanical enhancements, including a 490 % increase in indentation modulus, a 2300 % increase in creep modulus, and a 480 % increase in micropillar compressive strength. Through a combined experimental and molecular dynamics simulation approach, we demonstrate that these improvements are directly attributed to the formation of hydrous larnite (HL) and hydrous post-hatrurite (HPH), which form a hierarchical crystalline network. These crystalline domains confer superior stress resistance and effectively suppress crack initiation and propagation, enabling efficient dissipation of strain energy via self-reinforcing mechanisms. Our findings establish hierarchical crystallization under extreme conditions as a promising bottom-up strategy for the intrinsic reinforcement of cement hydrates, opening new avenues for the design of high-performance, next-generation cementitious materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16461,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Non-crystalline Solids","volume":"671 ","pages":"Article 123834"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145420168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2025.123826
Lawan U. Grema , Santosh Kumar , Savidh Khan , K. Singh , S.A. Umar
The glass sealants of compositions (x= 0, 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10 mol%) were synthesized using the melt and quench method. The physical, structural, mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties of the as-prepared samples are examined using various characterization techniques to assess their suitability as a sealant for solid oxide fuel cell applications. The density increases from 4.19 to 4.51 g cm−3 while, the molar volume shows a nonlinear trend with increasing BaO content. The XRD patterns confirm the amorphous nature of the as-prepared samples. FTIR and Raman spectra confirm depolymerization of silicate units. An increase in the coefficient of thermal expansion and a decrease in glass transition temperature, hardness, and Young’s modulus are observed with the addition of BaO content. The impact of BaO on dielectric constant, tangent of loss, and conductivity is studied using an impedance analyzer. The conductivity of glasses are found to increase from 0.7 to 1.3 S cm−1 with an increase in BaO content due to the creation of non-bridging oxygens. Therefore, the as-prepared glasses can be used as a sealant for SOFC applications due to their promising coefficient of thermal expansion, mechanical, and electrical properties.
采用熔融淬火法制备了（15+x）BaO−15La2O3−5ZnO−5Al2O3−20B2O3−(40−x)SiO2 （x= 0、2.5、5、7.5、10 mol%）的玻璃密封胶。利用各种表征技术对制备样品的物理、结构、机械、热学和电学性能进行检测，以评估其作为固体氧化物燃料电池密封剂的适用性。随着BaO含量的增加，密度由4.19 g cm−3增加到4.51 g cm−3，而摩尔体积呈非线性变化趋势。XRD谱图证实了制备样品的非晶态性质。红外光谱和拉曼光谱证实了硅酸盐单元的解聚。随着BaO含量的增加，材料的热膨胀系数增加，玻璃化转变温度、硬度和杨氏模量降低。利用阻抗分析仪研究了BaO对介电常数、损耗正切和电导率的影响。随着BaO含量的增加，玻璃的电导率从0.7增加到1.3 ×10−7 S cm−1，这是由于产生了非桥接氧。因此，由于其良好的热膨胀系数、机械性能和电性能，制备的玻璃可以用作SOFC应用的密封胶。
{"title":"Thermo-mechanical, structural and electrical properties of Ba-La-Zn-Al-borosilicate glasses as sealants for application in SOFCs","authors":"Lawan U. Grema , Santosh Kumar , Savidh Khan , K. Singh , S.A. Umar","doi":"10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2025.123826","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2025.123826","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The glass sealants of compositions <span><math><mrow><mrow><mo>(</mo><mn>15</mn><mo>+</mo><mi>x</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow><mi>BaO</mi><mo>−</mo><mn>15</mn><msub><mrow><mi>La</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub><msub><mrow><mi>O</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>3</mn></mrow></msub><mo>−</mo><mn>5</mn><mi>ZnO</mi><mo>−</mo><mn>5</mn><msub><mrow><mi>Al</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub><msub><mrow><mi>O</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>3</mn></mrow></msub><mo>−</mo><mn>2</mn><mi>0</mi><msub><mrow><mi>B</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub><msub><mrow><mi>O</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>3</mn></mrow></msub><mo>−</mo><mrow><mo>(</mo><mn>40</mn><mo>−</mo><mi>x</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow><msub><mrow><mi>SiO</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></mrow></math></span> (x= 0, 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10 mol%) were synthesized using the melt and quench method. The physical, structural, mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties of the as-prepared samples are examined using various characterization techniques to assess their suitability as a sealant for solid oxide fuel cell applications. The density increases from 4.19 to 4.51 g cm<sup>−3</sup> while, the molar volume shows a nonlinear trend with increasing BaO content. The XRD patterns confirm the amorphous nature of the as-prepared samples. FTIR and Raman spectra confirm depolymerization of silicate units. An increase in the coefficient of thermal expansion and a decrease in glass transition temperature, hardness, and Young’s modulus are observed with the addition of BaO content. The impact of BaO on dielectric constant, tangent of loss, and conductivity is studied using an impedance analyzer. The conductivity of glasses are found to increase from 0.7 to 1.3 <span><math><mrow><mo>×</mo><mn>1</mn><msup><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>7</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span> S cm<sup>−1</sup> with an increase in BaO content due to the creation of non-bridging oxygens. Therefore, the as-prepared glasses can be used as a sealant for SOFC applications due to their promising coefficient of thermal expansion, mechanical, and electrical properties.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16461,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Non-crystalline Solids","volume":"671 ","pages":"Article 123826"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145475502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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