Pub Date : 2026-01-15DOI: 10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2026.123949
Jiachen Wang , Yinghu Sun , Qian Li , Zihao Sun , Wei Mu , Shenghua Ma , Xiaojun Han
To enhance signal transmission speed and reduce signal attenuation, the glass used for electronic packaging must have a low dielectric constant. This study explores the impact of increasing B2O3 content on the structure and performance of low-dielectric sealing glasses. Structural analysis shows that an increase in B2O3 content leads to the gradual replacement of [SiO4] units by [BO3] units in the sealing glass, and the porosity inside the sealing glass increases gradually. This results in a more loose structure, thereby effectively reducing the dielectric constant and improving its wettability on Kovar alloy. The sealing glass with a SiO2/B2O3 ratio of 1.71 exhibits the optimal performance: it has a dielectric constant of approximately 3.38 in the Ku band (12–17.5 GHz), a shear strength of 3.306 MPa on Kovar alloy, and a weight loss rate of 0.00204 g·cm-2 after being immersed in water at 90 °C for 12 h. While maintaining a low dielectric constant, it also possesses favorable thermal, mechanical, and water-resistant properties. This study provides a practical solution for designing high-performance sealing glasses for high-frequency microelectronics applications.
{"title":"Structure regulation and performance optimization of low-dielectric borosilicate sealing glass for Kovar alloy","authors":"Jiachen Wang , Yinghu Sun , Qian Li , Zihao Sun , Wei Mu , Shenghua Ma , Xiaojun Han","doi":"10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2026.123949","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2026.123949","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To enhance signal transmission speed and reduce signal attenuation, the glass used for electronic packaging must have a low dielectric constant. This study explores the impact of increasing B<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> content on the structure and performance of low-dielectric sealing glasses. Structural analysis shows that an increase in B<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> content leads to the gradual replacement of [SiO<sub>4</sub>] units by [BO<sub>3</sub>] units in the sealing glass, and the porosity inside the sealing glass increases gradually. This results in a more loose structure, thereby effectively reducing the dielectric constant and improving its wettability on Kovar alloy. The sealing glass with a SiO<sub>2</sub>/B<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> ratio of 1.71 exhibits the optimal performance: it has a dielectric constant of approximately 3.38 in the Ku band (12–17.5 GHz), a shear strength of 3.306 MPa on Kovar alloy, and a weight loss rate of 0.00204 <em>g</em>·cm<sup>-2</sup> after being immersed in water at 90 °C for 12 h. While maintaining a low dielectric constant, it also possesses favorable thermal, mechanical, and water-resistant properties. This study provides a practical solution for designing high-performance sealing glasses for high-frequency microelectronics applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16461,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Non-crystalline Solids","volume":"676 ","pages":"Article 123949"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145980549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-14DOI: 10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2026.123957
Shuailing Ma , Wei Li , Kai Zhang , Jinxue Ding , Min Lian , Ning Chen , Tian Cui , Hailong Wang , Anke Weidenkaff , Ralf Riedel
The reinforcement of dense Si3N4-based ceramics with transition metal nitrides (e.g., HfN, TiN, ZrN) has attracted great attention owing to their potential to enhance mechanical properties and high temperature stability. In the present work, fully dense amorphous SiHfBN ceramics and polycrystalline HfN/α,β-Si3N4 ceramic composites were prepared by high-pressure and high-temperature (HPHT) technique using a polymer-derived amorphous SiHfBN precursor as raw material. The densification and crystallization behavior of the SiHfBN amorphous samples were studied under 5 GPa within a temperature range from 1000 °C to 1800 °C. The amorphous SiHfBN ceramics exhibit Vickers’ hardness and fracture toughness comparable to those of HfN/α,β-Si3N4 ceramic composites, reaching up to 17.37 GPa and 4.79 MPa·m1/2, respectively. Notably, the amorphous SiHfBN ceramics show improved oxidation resistance compared with that of the HfN/α,β-Si3N4 ceramic composites, with a mass loss of less than 2 wt % at 1500 °C in air. This work serves as a valuable reference for advancing the development of amorphous ceramics with outstanding mechanical properties and thermal stability.
{"title":"High pressure derived SiHfBN ceramics: toward amorphous ceramics with exceptional hardness and thermal stability","authors":"Shuailing Ma , Wei Li , Kai Zhang , Jinxue Ding , Min Lian , Ning Chen , Tian Cui , Hailong Wang , Anke Weidenkaff , Ralf Riedel","doi":"10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2026.123957","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2026.123957","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The reinforcement of dense Si<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>-based ceramics with transition metal nitrides (e.g., HfN, TiN, ZrN) has attracted great attention owing to their potential to enhance mechanical properties and high temperature stability. In the present work, fully dense amorphous SiHfBN ceramics and polycrystalline HfN/α,β-Si<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> ceramic composites were prepared by high-pressure and high-temperature (HPHT) technique using a polymer-derived amorphous SiHfBN precursor as raw material. The densification and crystallization behavior of the SiHfBN amorphous samples were studied under 5 GPa within a temperature range from 1000 °C to 1800 °C. The amorphous SiHfBN ceramics exhibit Vickers’ hardness and fracture toughness comparable to those of HfN/α,β-Si<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> ceramic composites, reaching up to 17.37 GPa and 4.79 MPa·m<sup>1/2</sup>, respectively. Notably, the amorphous SiHfBN ceramics show improved oxidation resistance compared with that of the HfN/α,β-Si<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> ceramic composites, with a mass loss of less than 2 wt % at 1500 °C in air. This work serves as a valuable reference for advancing the development of amorphous ceramics with outstanding mechanical properties and thermal stability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16461,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Non-crystalline Solids","volume":"676 ","pages":"Article 123957"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145980435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-14DOI: 10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2026.123954
Yuxiang Zhang , Ning Tan , Kuixian Wei , Mingyang Kong , Wenhui Ma
In this study, ultrasmall silica nanoparticles (USNs) were controllably synthesized using a microwave-assisted sol-gel method, mitigating particle agglomeration and size non-uniformity. The effects of microwave heating temperature and power on particle size, surface morphology, and surface mesoporous volume were systematically investigated. The results revealed that increasing the temperature led to a decrease followed by a slight increase in particle size, with a similar trend observed upon varying the microwave power. Both parameters also affected the surface mesoporous volume and its distribution. Under the optimized conditions (343 K, 1200 W), the prepared USNs exhibited an average diameter of 39.6 ± 4.8 nm, a uniform spherical morphology, and a surface mesoporous volume of 0.734 cm3·g-1. TEM analysis confirmed that the particles possessed solid cores with surface mesopores. Biocompatibility tests demonstrated that the material induced no cytotoxic response in cell cultures, confirming good biomedical safety. Mechanistic investigation revealed that controlling microwave‑induced bubble dynamics and localized heating gradients enables a balance between nucleation and growth, thereby preventing morphological damage and enhancing dispersibility. Biocompatibility evaluation using MC3T3‑E1 cells confirmed negligible cytotoxicity, indicating suitability for biomedical applications. This work demonstrates a rapid and energy‑efficient route for fabricating high‑performance USNs, offering a strategy for nanomaterials targeting advanced applications.
{"title":"Synthesis and mechanism of ultrasmall silica nanoparticles via microwave-assisted sol-gel method","authors":"Yuxiang Zhang , Ning Tan , Kuixian Wei , Mingyang Kong , Wenhui Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2026.123954","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2026.123954","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, ultrasmall silica nanoparticles (USNs) were controllably synthesized using a microwave-assisted sol-gel method, mitigating particle agglomeration and size non-uniformity. The effects of microwave heating temperature and power on particle size, surface morphology, and surface mesoporous volume were systematically investigated. The results revealed that increasing the temperature led to a decrease followed by a slight increase in particle size, with a similar trend observed upon varying the microwave power. Both parameters also affected the surface mesoporous volume and its distribution. Under the optimized conditions (343 K, 1200 W), the prepared USNs exhibited an average diameter of 39.6 ± 4.8 nm, a uniform spherical morphology, and a surface mesoporous volume of 0.734 cm<sup>3</sup>·g<sup>-1</sup>. TEM analysis confirmed that the particles possessed solid cores with surface mesopores. Biocompatibility tests demonstrated that the material induced no cytotoxic response in cell cultures, confirming good biomedical safety. Mechanistic investigation revealed that controlling microwave‑induced bubble dynamics and localized heating gradients enables a balance between nucleation and growth, thereby preventing morphological damage and enhancing dispersibility. Biocompatibility evaluation using MC3T3‑E1 cells confirmed negligible cytotoxicity, indicating suitability for biomedical applications. This work demonstrates a rapid and energy‑efficient route for fabricating high‑performance USNs, offering a strategy for nanomaterials targeting advanced applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16461,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Non-crystalline Solids","volume":"676 ","pages":"Article 123954"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145980438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-14DOI: 10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2026.123950
Elshan Ahani, Jian Yang
Widely used in modern architecture for their mechanical and aesthetic qualities, laminated glass is prone to brittle fracture and complex failure modes, thus advanced structural health monitoring (SHM) systems are necessary. Using finite element simulations of ultrasonic wave propagation and modal analysis, this work presents a fresh deep learning framework for detecting and classifying types of cracks (radial, concentric, delamination, and impact-induced) in laminated glass, with delamination considered as a known damage configuration introduced at the glass–interlayer interface. Augmented with dual attention mechanisms, a U-Net-inspired encoder-decoder neural network processes multi-channel piezoelectric sensor signals to attain exact crack type identification and signal reconstruction. Generated by COMSOL Multiphysics, a complete dataset of 1200 simulations captures modal frequencies and ultrasonic characteristics under diverse mechanical and environmental conditions, so supporting strong artificial neural network (ANN) training. With 95.23% accuracy, 95.60% precision, 94.80% recall, and a 95.19% F1-score above baseline models including AESC-PCA-Net, AE-CladNet, and AE-EnsClusterNet the proposed model achieves exceptional performance. Reliable real-time SHM is guaranteed by the framework with low false alarm rate (0.04) and high discriminative ability (AUC: 0.98). This work addresses environmental adaptability and computational efficiency by combining multi-modal non-destructive testing methods including ultrasonic testing and acoustic emission, so advancing automated crack detection for safer laminated glass applications in architectural design.
{"title":"Deep learning framework for crack type detection in laminated glass based on ultrasonic and modal analysis using finite element simulations","authors":"Elshan Ahani, Jian Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2026.123950","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2026.123950","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Widely used in modern architecture for their mechanical and aesthetic qualities, laminated glass is prone to brittle fracture and complex failure modes, thus advanced structural health monitoring (SHM) systems are necessary. Using finite element simulations of ultrasonic wave propagation and modal analysis, this work presents a fresh deep learning framework for detecting and classifying types of cracks (radial, concentric, delamination, and impact-induced) in laminated glass, with delamination considered as a known damage configuration introduced at the glass–interlayer interface. Augmented with dual attention mechanisms, a U-Net-inspired encoder-decoder neural network processes multi-channel piezoelectric sensor signals to attain exact crack type identification and signal reconstruction. Generated by COMSOL Multiphysics, a complete dataset of 1200 simulations captures modal frequencies and ultrasonic characteristics under diverse mechanical and environmental conditions, so supporting strong artificial neural network (ANN) training. With 95.23% accuracy, 95.60% precision, 94.80% recall, and a 95.19% F1-score above baseline models including AESC-PCA-Net, AE-CladNet, and AE-EnsClusterNet the proposed model achieves exceptional performance. Reliable real-time SHM is guaranteed by the framework with low false alarm rate (0.04) and high discriminative ability (AUC: 0.98). This work addresses environmental adaptability and computational efficiency by combining multi-modal non-destructive testing methods including ultrasonic testing and acoustic emission, so advancing automated crack detection for safer laminated glass applications in architectural design.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16461,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Non-crystalline Solids","volume":"676 ","pages":"Article 123950"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145980439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-14DOI: 10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2026.123955
Guibin Jia, Ruyi Zhao, Wei Yan
Accurate and online viscosity predication is crucial for real-time monitoring and regulating steelmaking slag to fulfill the metallurgical requirements like slag splashing and slag foaming, etc. for achievement of intelligent steelmaking. Current viscosity predication capabilities remain constrained by the absence of robust models capable of addressing the steelmaking slag's multicomponent and non-Newtonian nature, particularly within medium-to-low temperature regimes where conventional viscosity models for fully liquid Newtonian melts exhibit limited applicability. In the current study, the viscosity predication models for multicomponent steelmaking slag system CaO-SiO₂-FetO-MgO-Al₂O₃-MnO-P₂O₅ were developed based on six machine learning (ML) algorithms integrated with SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) interpretation framework, trained on the public literature-derived datasets. A multi-criteria rating-ranking decision approach was implemented to evaluate the overall predication performance using diverse metrics. The prediction model based on the extreme gradient boosting (XGB) algorithm of six ML models was found to demonstrated superior prediction accuracy, attaining a determination coefficient (R²) of 0.949, root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.163, and mean absolute error (MAE) of 0.101 for viscosity predication. Comparative analysis against RE-modified viscosity prediction models (integration of traditional models and Einstein-Roscoe model) revealed statistically significant superior of XGBoost model. SHAP interpretability analysis quantified feature importance, identifying CaO content as the primary contributor and temperature as the second modulator of viscosity predictions following by SiO2. This study advances viscosity predication capabilities for both Newtonian and non-Newtonian steelmaking slag systems, enabling real-time monitoring and regulating slag to support intelligent steelmaking.
{"title":"Interpretable viscosity prediction of steelmaking slag integrating machine learning with SHAP explanation","authors":"Guibin Jia, Ruyi Zhao, Wei Yan","doi":"10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2026.123955","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2026.123955","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accurate and online viscosity predication is crucial for real-time monitoring and regulating steelmaking slag to fulfill the metallurgical requirements like slag splashing and slag foaming, etc. for achievement of intelligent steelmaking. Current viscosity predication capabilities remain constrained by the absence of robust models capable of addressing the steelmaking slag's multicomponent and non-Newtonian nature, particularly within medium-to-low temperature regimes where conventional viscosity models for fully liquid Newtonian melts exhibit limited applicability. In the current study, the viscosity predication models for multicomponent steelmaking slag system CaO-SiO₂-Fe<sub>t</sub>O-MgO-Al₂O₃-MnO-P₂O₅ were developed based on six machine learning (ML) algorithms integrated with SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) interpretation framework, trained on the public literature-derived datasets. A multi-criteria rating-ranking decision approach was implemented to evaluate the overall predication performance using diverse metrics. The prediction model based on the extreme gradient boosting (XGB) algorithm of six ML models was found to demonstrated superior prediction accuracy, attaining a determination coefficient (R²) of 0.949, root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.163, and mean absolute error (MAE) of 0.101 for viscosity predication. Comparative analysis against RE-modified viscosity prediction models (integration of traditional models and Einstein-Roscoe model) revealed statistically significant superior of XGBoost model. SHAP interpretability analysis quantified feature importance, identifying CaO content as the primary contributor and temperature as the second modulator of viscosity predictions following by SiO<sub>2</sub>. This study advances viscosity predication capabilities for both Newtonian and non-Newtonian steelmaking slag systems, enabling real-time monitoring and regulating slag to support intelligent steelmaking.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16461,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Non-crystalline Solids","volume":"676 ","pages":"Article 123955"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145980441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-13DOI: 10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2026.123956
Guang Yang , Meng Zhang , Jiangyuan Li , Daiqi Zhou , Wenwen Wang , Donghui Zhao , Viktor Taktas , Xiaopeng Liu , Xiaoyan He
Ferrous ion-doped soda lime glass (Fe2+-SLG) has emerged as a promising candidate for energy-efficient windows due to its near-infrared (NIR) shielding properties. However, its commercial viability has been constrained by two critical limitations: suboptimal visible transparency (Tlum<70%) and insufficient NIR shielding in the 1500–2500 nm wavelength range, stemming from inadequate control over Fe2+ coordination environments. In this study, these challenges are addressed by tailoring alkaline-earth ions (Mg2+, Ca2+, Sr2+, and Ba2+) in phosphorosilicate glass matrices to develop a novel Fe2+-doped alkaline-earth phosphosilicate glass (Fe2+-AEPSG) system. Through compositional optimization, the Ca2+-modified glass (22Ca10P) demonstrates exceptional performance metrics: a Tlum of 79.04%, a solar modulation ability (FOM) of 1.83, and color difference (ΔE) of 4.33 approaching colorless glass standards. Compared to commercial Low-E glass, Fe2+-SLG, and CsxWO3-BMC glass, the 22Ca10P maintains comparable thermal insulation while offering superior Tvis, FOM, and a lower ΔE compared to colorless glass. In addition to its exceptional durability under elevated temperature and humidity conditions, the 22Ca10P exhibits remarkably low thermal expansion coefficient (6.26±0.02 × 10–6 / °C), demonstrates excellent thermal insulation under wind (16 m/s), and maintains exceptional dimensional stability through accelerated aging protocols simulating 50-year service life. Comparative stability tests confirm its superior performance over Low-E glass, establishing it as a next-generation solution for demanding thermal management applications. EnergyPlus simulations confirm its energy-saving potential in tropical and subtropical regions, with a maximum annual energy reduction of 51 kWh/m2 (11.6%) for double-glaze configurations. This work provides a cost-effective and scalable strategy to design high-performance, color-neutral energy-saving glass, advancing the development of smart windows for sustainable architecture.
{"title":"Durable, alkaline-earth-modified Phosphosilicate glass with high transparency and broadband near-infrared shielding for energy-efficient architecture","authors":"Guang Yang , Meng Zhang , Jiangyuan Li , Daiqi Zhou , Wenwen Wang , Donghui Zhao , Viktor Taktas , Xiaopeng Liu , Xiaoyan He","doi":"10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2026.123956","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2026.123956","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ferrous ion-doped soda lime glass (Fe<sup>2+</sup>-SLG) has emerged as a promising candidate for energy-efficient windows due to its near-infrared (NIR) shielding properties. However, its commercial viability has been constrained by two critical limitations: suboptimal visible transparency (<em>T<sub>lum</sub></em><70%) and insufficient NIR shielding in the 1500–2500 nm wavelength range, stemming from inadequate control over Fe<sup>2+</sup> coordination environments. In this study, these challenges are addressed by tailoring alkaline-earth ions (Mg<sup>2+</sup>, Ca<sup>2+</sup>, Sr<sup>2+</sup>, and Ba<sup>2+</sup>) in phosphorosilicate glass matrices to develop a novel Fe<sup>2+</sup>-doped alkaline-earth phosphosilicate glass (Fe<sup>2+</sup>-AEPSG) system. Through compositional optimization, the Ca<sup>2+</sup>-modified glass (22Ca10P) demonstrates exceptional performance metrics: a <em>T<sub>lum</sub></em> of 79.04%, a solar modulation ability (<em>FOM</em>) of 1.83, and color difference (<em>ΔE</em>) of 4.33 approaching colorless glass standards. Compared to commercial Low-E glass, Fe<sup>2+</sup>-SLG, and Cs<sub>x</sub>WO<sub>3</sub>-BMC glass, the 22Ca10P maintains comparable thermal insulation while offering superior T<sub>vis</sub>, <em>FOM</em>, and a lower <em>ΔE</em> compared to colorless glass. In addition to its exceptional durability under elevated temperature and humidity conditions, the 22Ca10P exhibits remarkably low thermal expansion coefficient (6.26±0.02 × 10<sup>–6</sup> / °C), demonstrates excellent thermal insulation under wind (16 m/s), and maintains exceptional dimensional stability through accelerated aging protocols simulating 50-year service life. Comparative stability tests confirm its superior performance over Low-E glass, establishing it as a next-generation solution for demanding thermal management applications. EnergyPlus simulations confirm its energy-saving potential in tropical and subtropical regions, with a maximum annual energy reduction of 51 kWh/m<sup>2</sup> (11.6%) for double-glaze configurations. This work provides a cost-effective and scalable strategy to design high-performance, color-neutral energy-saving glass, advancing the development of smart windows for sustainable architecture.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16461,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Non-crystalline Solids","volume":"676 ","pages":"Article 123956"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145980437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-13DOI: 10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2026.123953
Donglin Cai , Shangli Dong , Yubao Zhang , Hai Liu
Studying the damage mechanisms of high-purity silica glass under extreme irradiation conditions is essential for its use in aerospace, nuclear energy, and laser systems. This work combines experimental and computational methods to systematically investigate the damage behavior of silica glass under γ-ray and vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) irradiation. Through UV–Vis absorption spectroscopy and Gaussian peak deconvolution, the evolution of defects such as E′ center and non-bridging oxygen hole centers (NBOHC) was experimentally characterized. The results indicate that VUV irradiation mainly introduces surface defects, while γ-ray irradiation generates bulk defects. Moreover, samples with lower hydroxyl content (JGS3) demonstrate higher radiation sensitivity. On the modeling side, physical energy deposition models for both γ-ray and VUV irradiations were developed, and the progression of radiation-induced defects was simulated using molecular dynamics (MD). The simulations show that irradiation causes irreversible distortion of Si–O bond lengths and angles, with defect concentrations increasing continuously as a function of dose. Under VUV exposure, a significant number of surface defects form initially, followed by a slight reduction, suggesting surface relaxation. After incorporating hydroxyl groups into the models, the simulation outcomes showed strong agreement with experimental data, confirming that hydrogen passivation effectively suppresses defect formation. The consistent trends between experimental and simulation results validate the reliability of the proposed models in elucidating the microscopic mechanisms of irradiation damage. This study provides a solid theoretical basis for the anti-irradiation design and performance prediction of silica glass.
{"title":"Molecular dynamics simulation and experimental study on the evolution mechanism of radiation-induced defects in silica glass","authors":"Donglin Cai , Shangli Dong , Yubao Zhang , Hai Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2026.123953","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2026.123953","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Studying the damage mechanisms of high-purity silica glass under extreme irradiation conditions is essential for its use in aerospace, nuclear energy, and laser systems. This work combines experimental and computational methods to systematically investigate the damage behavior of silica glass under γ-ray and vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) irradiation. Through UV–Vis absorption spectroscopy and Gaussian peak deconvolution, the evolution of defects such as E′ center and non-bridging oxygen hole centers (NBOHC) was experimentally characterized. The results indicate that VUV irradiation mainly introduces surface defects, while γ-ray irradiation generates bulk defects. Moreover, samples with lower hydroxyl content (JGS3) demonstrate higher radiation sensitivity. On the modeling side, physical energy deposition models for both γ-ray and VUV irradiations were developed, and the progression of radiation-induced defects was simulated using molecular dynamics (MD). The simulations show that irradiation causes irreversible distortion of Si–O bond lengths and angles, with defect concentrations increasing continuously as a function of dose. Under VUV exposure, a significant number of surface defects form initially, followed by a slight reduction, suggesting surface relaxation. After incorporating hydroxyl groups into the models, the simulation outcomes showed strong agreement with experimental data, confirming that hydrogen passivation effectively suppresses defect formation. The consistent trends between experimental and simulation results validate the reliability of the proposed models in elucidating the microscopic mechanisms of irradiation damage. This study provides a solid theoretical basis for the anti-irradiation design and performance prediction of silica glass.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16461,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Non-crystalline Solids","volume":"676 ","pages":"Article 123953"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145980440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-10DOI: 10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2026.123951
Aohan Li , Zhiqiang Cheng , Ruixiang Liu , Xueye Sui , Mengmeng Wang , Zhanfeng Li
Silica aerogel (SA) holds great promise for thermal insulation, yet its performance is highly dependent on its microstructure. This study presents a facile two-step water addition strategy within the acid–base sol–gel process to precisely control the SA architecture across multiple scales. By modulating the timing of water introduction, we achieved a more homogeneous network with reduced particle aggregation, higher porosity, and improved structural integrity. The resulting SA exhibits a small particle size (16.87 ± 2.57 nm), a high specific surface area (1101.78 m²/g) and a uniform pore size distribution (avg. 15.23 nm). After thermal treatment at 800 °C, the SAF retained excellent properties: only 7.37 % linear shrinkage, 97 % mass retention, high compressive strength (0.72 MPa), and a relatively low thermal conductivity (0.052 W/(m·K)). This work establishes a robust structure–property relationship in SAs and offers a scalable synthesis route for high-performance thermal insulation materials capable of operating under extreme conditions.
{"title":"A Two-step water addition strategy for enhanced microstructure and thermal performance of silica aerogel","authors":"Aohan Li , Zhiqiang Cheng , Ruixiang Liu , Xueye Sui , Mengmeng Wang , Zhanfeng Li","doi":"10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2026.123951","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2026.123951","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Silica aerogel (SA) holds great promise for thermal insulation, yet its performance is highly dependent on its microstructure. This study presents a facile two-step water addition strategy within the acid–base sol–gel process to precisely control the SA architecture across multiple scales. By modulating the timing of water introduction, we achieved a more homogeneous network with reduced particle aggregation, higher porosity, and improved structural integrity. The resulting SA exhibits a small particle size (16.87 ± 2.57 nm), a high specific surface area (1101.78 m²/g) and a uniform pore size distribution (avg. 15.23 nm). After thermal treatment at 800 °C, the SAF retained excellent properties: only 7.37 % linear shrinkage, 97 % mass retention, high compressive strength (0.72 MPa), and a relatively low thermal conductivity (0.052 W/(m·K)). This work establishes a robust structure–property relationship in SAs and offers a scalable synthesis route for high-performance thermal insulation materials capable of operating under extreme conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16461,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Non-crystalline Solids","volume":"676 ","pages":"Article 123951"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145980436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-10DOI: 10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2026.123952
Zhiqiang Wang , Fengyu Wang , Chengbo Zhao , Kai Yang , Shenghua Zhou , Liang Chen , Jianrong Qiu , Dezhi Tan
Luminescent patterning of perovskites has propelled the advancement of integrated optoelectronic applications, such as micro-LED, image sensors and photodetectors. These patterns with certain photoluminescence (PL) emission were mostly prepared independently on loading substrate surfaces where controllable PL shift of surface perovskite patterns under environmental stimuli remains challenging. This restricts the relevant optoelectronic applications such as anticounterfeiting and humidity monitoring. In this work, perovskite patterns were directly fabricated on precursor glass via femtosecond laser writing, and PL modulation, e.g., from blue to green, of the luminescent perovskite patterns was demonstrated via humidity treatment. Therein, it was proposed that humidity can promote the redistribution of perovskite ions in the pattern profile and recrystallize in accordance with the nominal halide stoichiometry of the precursor glass and exhibit certain PL emission wavelength. Interestingly, PL shift of the patterns on glass with different halide species still demonstrated the similar tendency. Experimentally, optoelectronic applications such as display and information encryption/decryption were explored. This work expanded the adjustability of micropatterns by the combination of laser direct writing and humidity treatment, which would advance the optoelectronic applications.
{"title":"Humidity-enabled photoluminescence resetting of the femtosecond laser-written perovskite patterns on glass","authors":"Zhiqiang Wang , Fengyu Wang , Chengbo Zhao , Kai Yang , Shenghua Zhou , Liang Chen , Jianrong Qiu , Dezhi Tan","doi":"10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2026.123952","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2026.123952","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Luminescent patterning of perovskites has propelled the advancement of integrated optoelectronic applications, such as micro-LED, image sensors and photodetectors. These patterns with certain photoluminescence (PL) emission were mostly prepared independently on loading substrate surfaces where controllable PL shift of surface perovskite patterns under environmental stimuli remains challenging. This restricts the relevant optoelectronic applications such as anticounterfeiting and humidity monitoring. In this work, perovskite patterns were directly fabricated on precursor glass via femtosecond laser writing, and PL modulation, e.g., from blue to green, of the luminescent perovskite patterns was demonstrated via humidity treatment. Therein, it was proposed that humidity can promote the redistribution of perovskite ions in the pattern profile and recrystallize in accordance with the nominal halide stoichiometry of the precursor glass and exhibit certain PL emission wavelength. Interestingly, PL shift of the patterns on glass with different halide species still demonstrated the similar tendency. Experimentally, optoelectronic applications such as display and information encryption/decryption were explored. This work expanded the adjustability of micropatterns by the combination of laser direct writing and humidity treatment, which would advance the optoelectronic applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16461,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Non-crystalline Solids","volume":"676 ","pages":"Article 123952"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145941155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-06DOI: 10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2025.123940
Yichong Chen , Minghui Shen , Xin Li , Chongyun Shao , Fan Wang , Qi Chen , Lei Zhang , Meng Wang , Chunlei Yu , Weifang Zheng , Lili Hu
The metallic cladding of spent nuclear fuel rods in nuclear power plants can be safely and efficiently cut using fiber lasers. Therefore, it is of great importance to develop silica fibers capable of transmitting high-power laser in high-radiation environments. However, inherent hydroxyl (OH) and chlorine (Cl) impurities in silica fibers adversely affect their radiation resistance. To fabricate silica fibers with high radiation resistance, this study prepared a series of glass samples with varying Cl/OH content using the Vapor Axial Deposition (VAD) method. The effects of radiation on the optical properties of the samples with different impurity concentrations, along with the underlying mechanisms, were investigated using absorption spectroscopy, photoluminescence spectroscopy, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), and photothermal absorption microscopy. Passive delivery fibers with a core diameter of 100 μm were fabricated using the rod-in-tube method. The influence of OH and Cl impurities on the fiber attenuation, laser delivery performance, and temperature rise coefficient was studied. The results indicate that the radiation resistance of medium-OH, Cl-free fibers is far superior to that of low-OH, high-Cl fibers. This research provides a reference for applying high power laser technology in high-radiation scenarios.
{"title":"High-power laser delivery in nuclear environment using radiation-hardened fibers via controlled chlorine and hydroxyl content","authors":"Yichong Chen , Minghui Shen , Xin Li , Chongyun Shao , Fan Wang , Qi Chen , Lei Zhang , Meng Wang , Chunlei Yu , Weifang Zheng , Lili Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2025.123940","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2025.123940","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The metallic cladding of spent nuclear fuel rods in nuclear power plants can be safely and efficiently cut using fiber lasers. Therefore, it is of great importance to develop silica fibers capable of transmitting high-power laser in high-radiation environments. However, inherent hydroxyl (OH) and chlorine (Cl) impurities in silica fibers adversely affect their radiation resistance. To fabricate silica fibers with high radiation resistance, this study prepared a series of glass samples with varying Cl/OH content using the Vapor Axial Deposition (VAD) method. The effects of radiation on the optical properties of the samples with different impurity concentrations, along with the underlying mechanisms, were investigated using absorption spectroscopy, photoluminescence spectroscopy, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), and photothermal absorption microscopy. Passive delivery fibers with a core diameter of 100 μm were fabricated using the rod-in-tube method. The influence of OH and Cl impurities on the fiber attenuation, laser delivery performance, and temperature rise coefficient was studied. The results indicate that the radiation resistance of medium-OH, Cl-free fibers is far superior to that of low-OH, high-Cl fibers. This research provides a reference for applying high power laser technology in high-radiation scenarios.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16461,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Non-crystalline Solids","volume":"675 ","pages":"Article 123940"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145928141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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