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Pressure–temperature evolution of the basement and cover sequences on Ios, Greece: Evidence for subduction of the Hercynian basement 希腊伊俄斯地区基底和盖层的压力-温度演化:海西期基底俯冲的证据
IF 3.4 2区 地球科学 Q1 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2023-06-27 DOI: 10.1111/jmg.12738
Oliver M. Wolfe, Frank S. Spear, Jay B. Thomas, Eric M. Hasegawa, Grant T. Libby, John T. Cheney

High-pressure rocks from the island of Ios in the Greek Cyclades were examined to resolve the P–T conditions reached during subduction of the two distinct lithotectonic units that are separated by the South Cycladic Shear Zone (SCSZ)—the footwall complex composed of Hercynian basement gneisses, schists and amphibolites, and the hangingwall complex composed of blueschists and eclogites. A combination of elastic tensor quartz inclusion in garnet (QuiG) barometry and Zr-in-rutile (ZiR) trace element thermometry was used to constrain minimum garnet growth conditions. Garnet from the hangingwall (blueschist) unit record formation pressures that range from 1.5 to 1.9 GPa and garnet from the footwall basement complex record garnet formation pressures of 1.65–2.05 GPa. ZiR thermometry on rutile inclusions within garnet establishes the minimum temperature for garnet formation to be ~480–500°C. That is, there is no evidence in the QuiG and ZiR results that the rocks of the blueschist hangingwall and basement experienced different metamorphic histories during subduction. This is the first reported observation of blueschist facies metamorphism in the Hercynian basement complex. A model is proposed in which initial subduction occurred along a relatively shallow P–T trajectory of ~11°C/km and then transitioned to a steeper, nearly isothermal trajectory at a depth of ~45 km reaching similar peak metamorphic conditions of ~500–525°C at 2.0 GPa for all samples. Such a change in the subduction path could be accomplished by either an increase in the rate of subduction or an increase in the angle of the subduction zone. The present juxtaposition of samples with contrasting mineral assemblages and garnet growth histories is interpreted to have arisen from differences in bulk compositions and variations in the preservation of high-pressure prograde mineral assemblages during exhumation. The existence of similar P–T conditions and prograde paths in the two units does not require that the rocks were all metamorphosed at the same time and that the SCSZ experienced little movement. Rather, it is suggested that the two units experienced prograde and peak metamorphism at different times and were subsequently juxtaposed along the SCSZ.

本文研究了希腊基克拉迪群岛伊俄斯岛的高压岩石,以解决由南基克拉迪剪切带(SCSZ)分隔的两个不同的岩石构造单元——由海西基底片麻岩、片岩和角闪岩组成的下盘杂岩和由蓝片岩和榴辉岩组成的上盘杂岩在俯冲过程中所达到的P-T条件。采用弹性张量石英包体在石榴石(QuiG)气压测量和Zr - in -金红石(ZiR)微量元素测温相结合的方法来约束石榴石的最小生长条件。上盘(蓝片岩)单元石榴石记录的地层压力范围为1.5 ~ 1.9 GPa,下盘基底杂岩石榴石记录的地层压力范围为1.65 ~ 2.05 GPa。对石榴石中金红石包裹体的ZiR测温确定了石榴石形成的最低温度为~ 480-500℃。即在QuiG和ZiR结果中没有证据表明蓝片岩上盘和基底岩石在俯冲过程中经历了不同的变质史。这是海西期基底杂岩中首次观察到蓝片岩相变质作用。提出了一个模型,在该模型中,初始俯冲发生在~11°C/km的相对较浅的P-T轨迹上,然后在~45 km的深度过渡到更陡峭的近等温轨迹,在2.0 GPa下达到~ 500-525°C的类似峰值变质条件。这种俯冲路径的改变可以通过增加俯冲速率或增加俯冲带的角度来实现。目前对比矿物组合和石榴石生长历史的样品被解释为是由于体积成分的差异和挖掘过程中高压递进矿物组合保存的变化。两个单元具有相似的P-T条件和进动路径,并不要求岩石全部在同一时间变质,也不要求构造段运动少。相反,这两个单元在不同的时期经历了进变质和高峰变质作用,随后沿着南海并置。
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引用次数: 1
P–T–t conditions of Early Palaeozoic low-P high-T granulite facies metamorphism in the southern Truong Son Belt, Central Vietnam 越南中部张松带南部早古生代低磷高钾麻粒岩相变质作用的P - T - T条件
IF 3.4 2区 地球科学 Q1 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2023-06-22 DOI: 10.1111/jmg.12737
Nam Nguyen Duc, Ching-Hua Lo, Tadashi Usuki, Yoshiyuki Iizuka, Pham Binh

High-grade metamorphic rocks are widely exposed along the SE–NW- to E–W-trending shear zones in the Truong Son Belt, Central Vietnam, but few petrological studies have been conducted in this area. Herein, we report the occurrence of mylonitized granulites that crop out along the Dai Loc shear zone in the southernmost Truong Son Belt. Detailed petrographic analysis, geochemistry and P–T–t estimates of the evolution of two granulite samples are presented to elucidate the formation processes of these high-grade metamorphic rocks. The results indicate that the rocks underwent two distinct metamorphic cycles. The first cycle (M1) is characterized by coarse-grained granulite mineral assemblages, defining a tight clockwise P–T path with near-isobaric heating to a near ultrahigh-temperature peak at low pressure, followed by cooling. The prograde mineral assemblage (M1a) is indicated by inclusions of cordierite + sillimanite + biotite + quartz + spinel ± plagioclase in coarse-grained garnet, orthopyroxene and cordierite. The mineral assemblage of garnet + orthopyroxene + cordierite + plagioclase + K-feldspar + ilmenite + melt ± biotite (M1b) defines the peak P–T conditions of 5.3–6.3 kbar and 850–920°C. Post-peak cooling (M1c) is marked by the formation of quartz + biotite symplectites around garnet and orthopyroxene. The second cycle involved medium-pressure amphibolite facies metamorphism (M2), characterized by domainal development of fine-grained kyanite-bearing mineral associations. Petrographic observations indicate that these fine-grained associations were formed during mylonitization. Zircon U–Pb dating reveals that the timing of granulite facies metamorphism appears to be coeval with the intrusion of a post-collisional granitoid at 430–410 Ma. Granulite facies metamorphism and crustal melting were probably driven by asthenospheric mantle upwelling triggered by slab breakoff during the Early Palaeozoic. Considering previous structural and geochronological studies, the second metamorphic event likely occurred during the Triassic Indosinian orogeny.

高品位变质岩广泛暴露在越南中部Truong Son带的SE–NW至E–W走向剪切带上,但在该地区进行的岩石学研究很少。在此,我们报道了在Truong Son带最南端的Dai-Loc剪切带上出现的糜棱岩化麻粒岩。对两个麻粒岩样品的演化进行了详细的岩相分析、地球化学和P–T–T估计,以阐明这些高级变质岩的形成过程。结果表明,这些岩石经历了两个不同的变质旋回。第一个循环(M1)以粗粒麻粒岩矿物组合为特征,定义了一条紧顺时针P–T路径,在低压下近等压加热至近超高温峰值,然后冷却。前进矿物组合(M1a)由堇青石包裹体指示 + 硅线石 + 黑云母 + 石英 + 尖晶石 ± 粗粒石榴石、斜方辉石和堇青石中的斜长石。石榴石的矿物组合 + 斜方辉石 + 堇青石 + 斜长石 + 钾长石 + 钛铁矿 + 熔化 ± 黑云母(M1b)定义了5.3–6.3 kbar和850–920°C的峰值P–T条件。峰后冷却(M1c)以石英的形成为标志 + 黑云母在石榴石和斜方辉石周围呈同向分布。第二个旋回涉及中压角闪岩相变质作用(M2),其特征是细粒蓝晶石矿物组合的区域发育。岩石学观察表明,这些细粒组合是在糜棱岩化过程中形成的。锆石U–Pb定年显示,麻粒岩相变质作用的时间似乎与430–410碰撞后花岗质岩石的侵入同时发生 麻粒岩相变质作用和地壳熔融可能是由早古生代板块断裂引发的软流圈地幔上升流所驱动的。考虑到以往的构造和地质年代研究,第二次变质事件可能发生在三叠纪-印支造山运动期间。
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引用次数: 0
Growth of kyanite and Fe-Mg chloritoid in Fe2O3-rich high-pressure–low-temperature metapelites and metapsammites: A case study from the Massa Unit (Alpi Apuane, Italy) 蓝晶石和Fe - Mg类绿晶石在富Fe2O3的高压-低温变长岩和变长岩中的生长——以意大利Massa单元为例
IF 3.4 2区 地球科学 Q1 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2023-05-26 DOI: 10.1111/jmg.12736
Samuele Papeschi, Federico Rossetti, Jesse B. Walters

Chloritoid and kyanite coexist in metapelites from the high-pressure/low-temperature Massa Unit in the Alpi Apuane metamorphic complex (Northern Apennines, Italy). The composition of chloritoid is extremely variable throughout the Massa Unit. Fe-chloritoid occurs in association with hematite-free, graphite-bearing schists, whereas strongly zoned Fe-Mg chloritoid is found with hematite and kyanite. We investigated the effect of different bulk Fe2O3 contents in controlling chloritoid composition through phase equilibria modelling of four selected samples, representative of the different chloritoid-bearing parageneses found in the Massa Unit. The ferric iron content, measured through wet chemical titration, ranges from 0 (graphite-chloritoid schist) to 73% of the total iron (hematite-chloritoid schist). We show that Mg-rich chloritoid compositions and stability of kyanite at greenschist to blueschist facies conditions can be reproduced in the MnO–Na2O–K2O–FeO–MgO–Al2O3–SiO2–H2O–TiO2–O (MnNKFMASHTO) chemical system only considering the presence of significant amounts of ferric iron as part of the bulk composition. The stabilization of kyanite at lower grade is directly linked to the presence of Fe2O3, which renders the reactive bulk rock composition effectively enriched in Al2O3 with respect to Fe and Mg. We also document that high Fe2O3 contents exacerbate the effect of chloritoid fractionation, producing strongly zoned Fe-Mg-chloritoid grains. Finally, the P–T modelling of the Massa Units performed in this study allows, for the first time, the recognition of a two-stage evolution at peak conditions, with an earlier pressure peak (1.2–1.3 GPa at 350–400°C), and a later thermal peak (0.7–1.1 GPa at 440–480°C), compatible with subduction, underthrusting and exhumation of the Adria continental margin during growth of the Northern Apennine orogenic wedge.

绿泥石和蓝晶石共存于Alpi-Apuane变质杂岩(意大利亚平宁山脉北部)高压/低温Massa单元的变质精英中。在整个Massa装置中,氯离子的组成变化很大。铁绿泥石与无赤铁矿、含石墨的片岩伴生,而强分区铁镁绿泥石与赤铁矿和蓝晶石伴生。我们通过对四个选定样品的相平衡建模,研究了不同体积Fe2O3含量对控制类氯化合物组成的影响,这四个样品代表了马萨装置中发现的不同类氯化合物。通过湿式化学滴定测量的铁含量范围为0(石墨-氯云母片岩)至总铁(赤铁矿-氯云母云母片岩)的73%。我们表明,在绿片岩至蓝片岩相条件下,只有考虑到大量的铁作为主体成分的一部分,富镁的绿泥石成分和蓝晶石的稳定性才能在MnO–Na2O–K2O–FeO–MgO–Al2O3–SiO2–H2O–TiO2–O(MnNKFMASHTO)化学系统中重现。较低品位蓝晶石的稳定与Fe2O3的存在直接相关,Fe2O3使活性大块岩石成分有效地富含Al2O3(相对于Fe和Mg)。我们还记录到,高Fe2O3含量加剧了氯云母分馏的影响,产生了强烈分区的Fe‐Mg‐氯云母颗粒。最后,本研究中对Massa单元进行的P–T建模首次允许识别峰值条件下的两阶段演变,具有更早的压力峰值(1.2–1.3 350–400°C时的GPa),以及随后的热峰值(0.7–1.1 440–480°C的GPa),与亚平宁造山楔生长期间亚得里亚大陆边缘的俯冲、欠冲和折返相兼容。
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引用次数: 0
Consistent garnet Lu–Hf and Sm–Nd ages indicate short-lived high-pressure metamorphism and rapid subduction in oceanic subduction belt: An example from the Changning–Menglian orogenic belt, southeastern Tibetan Plateau 一致的石榴石Lu–Hf和Sm–Nd年龄表明海洋俯冲带中存在短暂的高压变质作用和快速俯冲:以青藏高原东南部长宁–孟连造山带为例
IF 3.4 2区 地球科学 Q1 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2023-05-26 DOI: 10.1111/jmg.12735
Ying Zhou, Hao Cheng, Zhi-min Peng, Besim Dragovic, Yu-zhen Fu, Kai-Yang Du

The integration of garnet-based petrologic constraints with multimineral geochronologic data in eclogites and blueschists allows the timing and rate of subduction zone metamorphism to be constrained. We present a combined garnet Lu–Hf/Sm–Nd and zircon/rutile U–Pb geochronology study on three eclogites, a garnet-bearing blueschist, and a micaschist from the Changning–Menglian orogenic belt, a newly discovered ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic belt in southeast Tibet, in order to characterize tectono-metamorphic events and determine the duration of Paleo-Tethys oceanic subduction. Integration of phase equilibrium modelling and conventional thermobarometry for the eclogites defines a clockwise P–T path evolving from blueschist facies conditions at ~1.4 GPa and ~505–530°C to peak eclogite facies conditions at ~2.8 GPa and ~630–640°C, followed by isothermal decompression to amphibolite facies at ~1.0 GPa and ~630–650°C. The Lu–Hf ages of c. 239–236 Ma obtained for the eclogites and the blueschist are indistinguishable from the rutile U–Pb age of c. 239 Ma obtained for the eclogites and, combined with the observation of well-preserved Rayleigh-fractionation-style Mn and Lu zoning profiles in garnet, reflect the timing of early prograde garnet growth. The Sm–Nd ages of c. 242–236 Ma reflect a later period of garnet growth, evidenced by flat and/or M-shaped Sm zoning profiles. Each of the Sm–Nd ages overlaps, within uncertainty, with its corresponding Lu–Hf age (i.e., from the same garnet fraction). The consistency of the Lu–Hf and Sm–Nd ages indicates a short overall duration of garnet growth from blueschist to eclogite facies metamorphism, reflecting rapid subduction of the oceanic slab. The magmatic zircon U–Pb dates of c. 247 Ma constrain the protolith age of these metabasaltic rocks. The close protolith and the high-pressure metamorphic ages, together with the consistent garnet Lu–Hf and Sm–Nd ages and the overlapping youngest and oldest metamorphic ages of the oceanic-type and continental-type eclogites, respectively, suggest a fast tectonic transition from divergence to convergence highlighted by rapid oceanic subduction, continuous transition from oceanic to continental subduction, and a rapid cooling of the subduction interface.

榴辉岩和蓝片岩中基于石榴石的岩石学约束与多矿物地质年代数据的结合使得俯冲带变质作用的时间和速率受到限制。我们对西藏东南部新发现的超高压变质带长宁-孟连造山带的三个榴辉岩、一个含石榴石蓝片岩和一个云母片岩进行了石榴石Lu–Hf/Sm–Nd和锆石/金红石U–Pb的联合地质年代学研究,以表征构造变质事件,并确定古特提斯洋俯冲的持续时间。榴辉岩的相平衡建模和传统温压测量的结合确定了一条顺时针P–T路径,从约1.4 GPa和约505–530°C的蓝片岩相条件演化到约2.8 GPa和630–640°C的峰值榴辉岩相条件,然后在约1.0 GPa和~630–650°C的等温减压到角闪岩相。公元239-236年的鲁时代 从榴辉岩和蓝片岩中获得的Ma与c.239的金红石U–Pb年龄无法区分 从榴辉岩中获得的Ma,结合对石榴石中保存完好的瑞利分馏型Mn和Lu分带剖面的观察,反映了早期前进石榴石生长的时间。约242–236年的Sm–Nd年龄 Ma反映了石榴石生长的后期,平坦和/或M形Sm分区剖面证明了这一点。每个Sm–Nd年龄在不确定性范围内与其对应的Lu–Hf年龄重叠(即,来自同一石榴石部分)。Lu–Hf和Sm–Nd年龄的一致性表明,从蓝片岩到榴辉岩相变质作用,石榴石生长的总体持续时间很短,反映了大洋板块的快速俯冲。岩浆锆石U–Pb的年代约为247年 Ma限制了这些变质玄武岩的原岩时代。紧密的原岩和高压变质年龄,以及一致的石榴石Lu–Hf和Sm–Nd年龄,以及海洋型和大陆型榴辉岩的最年轻和最古老的重叠变质年龄,分别表明了从发散到会聚的快速构造转变,突出表现为快速的海洋俯冲,从海洋俯冲到大陆俯冲的持续过渡,以及俯冲界面的快速冷却。
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引用次数: 0
Complex geochronological record of an emblematic Variscan eclogite (Haut-Allier, French Massif Central) 一个具有象征意义的瓦里西斯榴辉岩的复杂地质年代学记录(法国中部地块上阿列)
IF 3.4 2区 地球科学 Q1 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2023-05-15 DOI: 10.1111/jmg.12733
Luc de Hoÿm de Marien, Pavel Pitra, Marc Poujol, Nathan Cogné, Florence Cagnard, Benjamin Le Bayon

Two eclogite samples from the Haut-Allier record a prograde evolution from ~20 kbar, 650°C to 750°C, 22–23 kbar followed by heating up to 850–875°C and partial melting. Incipient decompression in high-pressure granulite facies conditions (19.5 kbar, 875°C) was followed by exhumation to high-temperature amphibolite facies conditions (<9 kbar, 750–850°C). Following a detailed geochemical, petrological, and geochronological investigation using trace-element data and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry U–Pb dating of zircon, apatite, and rutile, the eclogites reveal an Ordovician (c. 490 Ma) rifting event followed by Devonian (c. 370–360 Ma) subduction and Carboniferous (c. 350 Ma) exhumation in this part of the French Massif Central. The previously proposed Silurian age for the subduction, which strongly influenced many tectonic models, is definitively rejected. In the light of other geological data from the French Massif Central, including the lithological and geochemical zoning of calc-alkaline Devonian volcanism, we propose a southward polarity of the subduction and question the very existence of the so-called Massif Central Ocean. Furthermore, we infer that following subduction, the eclogites were relaminated to the upper plate and exhumed at the rear of the magmatic arc pointing to similarities with the geodynamics of the Bohemian Massif.

The petrochronological record of zircon is particularly complex. Metamorphic zircon with clear eclogitic rare-earth elements patterns (no Eu anomaly and flat heavy rare-earth elements) and inclusions (garnet, rutile, and omphacite) shows concordant apparent ages that spread from c. 380 down to c. 310 Ma. This apparent age pattern strongly contrasts with the well-defined age of apatite and rutile of c. 350 Ma. Apparent zircon ages younger than 350 Ma unequivocally testify that zircon can recrystallize outside the conditions of the eclogite facies, which resets the U–Pb while preserving an apparent eclogitic signature. Local fractures filled by analcite, thomsonite, plagioclase, and biotite testify to late interaction of the eclogites with alkaline fluids at relatively low temperatures. This interaction, possibly at c. 310 Ma or later, could lead to the recrystallization of zircon while leaving apatite unaffected.

上阿列勒的两个榴辉岩样品记录了从~20 kbar, 650°C到750°C, 22-23 kbar的渐进演化过程,然后加热到850-875°C和部分熔化。高压麻粒岩相条件(19.5 kbar, 875°C)开始减压,随后挖掘到高温角闪岩相条件(<9 kbar, 750-850°C)。利用微量元素数据和激光烧蚀感应耦合等离子体质谱对锆石、磷灰石和金红石进行了详细的地球化学、岩石学和年代学调查,发现榴辉岩揭示了法国中部地块的奥陶纪(约490 Ma)裂谷事件,随后是泥盆纪(约370-360 Ma)俯冲和石炭纪(约350 Ma)发掘。先前提出的对许多构造模式产生强烈影响的志留纪俯冲时代被彻底否定。根据法国中央地块的其他地质资料,包括钙碱性泥盆纪火山活动的岩性和地球化学分带,我们提出了一个向南俯冲的极性,并质疑所谓的中央地块海洋的存在。此外,我们推断,在俯冲之后,榴辉岩被重新层析到上板块,并在岩浆弧的后方被发掘出来,这与波西米亚地块的地球动力学相似。
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引用次数: 1
Garnet growth and mineral geochronology constrains the diachronous Neoproterozoic convergent evolution of the southern Dom Feliciano Belt, Uruguay 石榴石生长和矿物年代学限制了乌拉圭Dom Feliciano带南部新元古代的历时趋同演化
IF 3.4 2区 地球科学 Q1 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2023-05-15 DOI: 10.1111/jmg.12734
Jack James Percival, Jiří Konopásek, Pedro Oyhantçabal, Jiří Sláma, Robert Anczkiewicz

The Dom Feliciano Belt of southern Brazil and Uruguay represents part of a larger Neoproterozoic orogenic system formed during the amalgamation of Western Gondwana. The hinterland and foreland domains in parts of the belt preserve deformation structures and metamorphic assemblages that developed during early crustal thickening from c. 650 Ma. However, the metamorphic history of the southern foreland, in Uruguay, and its relationship with the hinterland, is not so well understood. We show that metamorphism in the southern hinterland is characterized by near-isothermal decompression from ~10 kbar (~770°C) down to ~6 kbar, reflecting exhumation from depths of ~40 km during convergent thrusting and crustal thickening. This metamorphic event and associated magmatism is constrained by garnet Lu–Hf and zircon U–Pb dating to c. 655–640 Ma, supporting age and P–T constraints from previous studies. In contrast, prograde metamorphism in the foreland supracrustal rocks reached maximum lower-amphibolite facies conditions (~6–7 kbar and ~550–570°C) and is constrained by garnet Lu–Hf dating to 582 ± 23 Ma. An exposed sheet of imbricated foreland basement rocks reached partial melting at upper-amphibolite facies conditions, and metamorphism is similarly constrained to c. 585–570 Ma by monazite U–Pb dating. The data indicate that metamorphism in the foreland occurred during a sinistral transpressional event c. 55–85 Ma after the start of crustal thickening recorded in the hinterland, whereby strain partitioning during sinistral transpression led to imbrication in the foreland and oblique thrusting of the basement over more distal supracrustal rocks. This event is coeval with transpressional deformation in the Kaoko and Gariep belts, indicating a distinct two-stage tectonic history driven by the three-way convergence between the Congo, Kalahari, and South American cratons.

巴西南部和乌拉圭的Dom Feliciano带代表了冈瓦纳大陆西部拼合期间形成的较大新元古代造山系统的一部分。该带部分地区的腹地和前陆域保留了大约650年早期地壳增厚期间形成的变形结构和变质组合 马。然而,人们对乌拉圭南部前陆的变质历史及其与腹地的关系还不太了解。我们表明,南部腹地的变质作用的特征是从~10 kbar(~770°C)降至~6 kbar,反映了约40深处的挖掘 km。这一变质事件和相关的岩浆作用受到石榴石Lu–Hf和锆石U–Pb的制约,可追溯到约655–640年 马,支持先前研究的年龄和P–T限制。相反,前陆表壳岩石的进变质作用达到了最大的下角闪岩相条件(~6-7 kbar和~550–570°C),并受到可追溯到582年的石榴石Lu–Hf的约束 ± 23 马。叠瓦状前陆基岩的裸露片在上角闪岩相条件下达到部分熔融,变质作用类似地限制在约585-570年 Ma的独居石U-Pb测年。数据表明,前陆的变质作用发生在55-85年左右的左旋挤压事件中 Ma之后,腹地记录到地壳增厚,由此在左旋转压过程中的应变分配导致前陆的叠瓦作用和基底在更远端的表壳岩石上的倾斜逆冲作用。该事件与Kaoko和Gariep带的转挤压变形同时发生,表明刚果、卡拉哈里和南美克拉通之间的三向会聚驱动了一个独特的两阶段构造史。
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引用次数: 2
Was cratonic Asia deeply subducted beneath the Pamir? Evidence from P–T conditions and tectonic affinities of Cenozoic Pamir crustal xenoliths 克拉通亚洲在帕米尔高原之下被深深地征服了吗?新生代帕米尔地壳捕虏体的P–T条件和构造亲和性证据
IF 3.4 2区 地球科学 Q1 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2023-05-01 DOI: 10.1111/jmg.12723
Yi-Peng Li, Lin Ding, Alexander C. Robinson, De-Liang Liu, Jing Xie, Li-Yun Zhang, Chen-Yuan Zhao, Ya-Hui Yue, Yiduo Liu, Ilhomjon Oimuhammadzoda, Mustafo Gadoev, Negmat Rajabov

One of the most striking geological features of the Pamir is the south-dipping lithospheric slab beneath the orogen characterized by an intracontinental Wadati-Benioff zone. A widely accepted hypothesis over the past 40 years interprets the slab to represent southward subducted cratonic Asian continental lithosphere, which predicts significant cratonic Asia-sourced crustal materials (e.g., Tarim Basin) beneath the Pamir. Alternatively, recent studies have interpreted the slab to be lithosphere delaminated from the base of the Pamir. To test these hypotheses, depth–tectonic affinity relations of crustal xenoliths carried by Miocene volcanic rocks in the eastern Pamir, interpreted to be sourced from the Pamir deep lithosphere, are used to determine whether they represented Asian affinity cratonic crust. Thermodynamic calculations, zircon U–Pb geochronology combined with rare earth element analysis, and whole-rock major-trace element and Sr–Nd isotopic analyses document that (1) eclogite and pyroxenite xenoliths (~31–43 kbar/~960–1170°C) are the deepest sourced portions of the lithosphere from ~100 to 140 km depth, the protoliths of which represent the mid-lower crustal rocks of the Cretaceous Pamir magmatic arc, rather than material from cratonic Asia, and (2) granulite xenoliths (~20 kbar/~900°C) represent the Cenozoic lower crustal rocks of Pamir terranes from ~70 km depth. These results indicate the south-dipping slab represents delaminated Pamir lower crust and mantle lithosphere, rather than intracontinental subduction of Asian lithosphere, and further support the hypothesis of minimal Cenozoic northward translation of the Pamir.

帕米尔高原最引人注目的地质特征之一是造山带下方向南倾斜的岩石圈板块,其特征是陆内Wadati‐Benioff带。一个在过去40年中被广泛接受的假说 years将该板块解释为代表向南俯冲的克拉通亚洲大陆岩石圈,这预测了帕米尔下方重要的克拉通-亚洲来源的地壳物质(如塔里木盆地)。或者,最近的研究将板块解释为从帕米尔高原底部剥离的岩石圈。为了验证这些假设,使用帕米尔东部中新世火山岩携带的地壳捕虏体的深度-构造亲和关系来确定它们是否代表亚洲亲和克拉通地壳。热力学计算、锆石U–Pb地质年代学结合稀土元素分析、全岩主要微量元素和Sr–Nd同位素分析证明(1)榴辉岩和辉石捕虏体(~31–43 kbar/~960–1170°C)是岩石圈最深的来源部分,从~100到140 km深度,其原岩代表白垩纪帕米尔岩浆弧的中下地壳岩石,而不是来自亚洲克拉通的物质,以及(2)麻粒岩捕虏体(~20 kbar/~900°C)代表约70年帕米尔地体的新生代下地壳岩石 千米深度。这些结果表明,向南倾斜的板块代表了分层的帕米尔下地壳和地幔岩石圈,而不是亚洲岩石圈的陆内俯冲,并进一步支持了新生代帕米尔向北平移最小的假设。
{"title":"Was cratonic Asia deeply subducted beneath the Pamir? Evidence from P–T conditions and tectonic affinities of Cenozoic Pamir crustal xenoliths","authors":"Yi-Peng Li,&nbsp;Lin Ding,&nbsp;Alexander C. Robinson,&nbsp;De-Liang Liu,&nbsp;Jing Xie,&nbsp;Li-Yun Zhang,&nbsp;Chen-Yuan Zhao,&nbsp;Ya-Hui Yue,&nbsp;Yiduo Liu,&nbsp;Ilhomjon Oimuhammadzoda,&nbsp;Mustafo Gadoev,&nbsp;Negmat Rajabov","doi":"10.1111/jmg.12723","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jmg.12723","url":null,"abstract":"<p>One of the most striking geological features of the Pamir is the south-dipping lithospheric slab beneath the orogen characterized by an intracontinental Wadati-Benioff zone. A widely accepted hypothesis over the past 40 years interprets the slab to represent southward subducted cratonic Asian continental lithosphere, which predicts significant cratonic Asia-sourced crustal materials (e.g., Tarim Basin) beneath the Pamir. Alternatively, recent studies have interpreted the slab to be lithosphere delaminated from the base of the Pamir. To test these hypotheses, depth–tectonic affinity relations of crustal xenoliths carried by Miocene volcanic rocks in the eastern Pamir, interpreted to be sourced from the Pamir deep lithosphere, are used to determine whether they represented Asian affinity cratonic crust. Thermodynamic calculations, zircon U–Pb geochronology combined with rare earth element analysis, and whole-rock major-trace element and Sr–Nd isotopic analyses document that (1) eclogite and pyroxenite xenoliths (~31–43 kbar/~960–1170°C) are the deepest sourced portions of the lithosphere from ~100 to 140 km depth, the protoliths of which represent the mid-lower crustal rocks of the Cretaceous Pamir magmatic arc, rather than material from cratonic Asia, and (2) granulite xenoliths (~20 kbar/~900°C) represent the Cenozoic lower crustal rocks of Pamir terranes from ~70 km depth. These results indicate the south-dipping slab represents delaminated Pamir lower crust and mantle lithosphere, rather than intracontinental subduction of Asian lithosphere, and further support the hypothesis of minimal Cenozoic northward translation of the Pamir.</p>","PeriodicalId":16472,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Metamorphic Geology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jmg.12723","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47860595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Archean ultrahigh temperature event in the northwestern Superior Province, Canada: Metamorphic evolution and tectonic implications of the Pikwitonei Granulite Domain 加拿大苏必利尔省西北部的太古宙超高温事件:皮克韦泰麻粒岩域的变质演化和构造意义
IF 3.4 2区 地球科学 Q1 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2023-04-16 DOI: 10.1111/jmg.12722
Changqing Yin, Xiaoman Wang, Shoufa Lin, Chris G. Couëslan, Christian O. Böhm, Jiahui Qian, Jian Zhang, Yanfei Xia, Wenxuan Li

The Pikwitonei Granulite Domain (PGD), located in the northwestern Superior Province, is one of the largest Neoarchean high-grade metamorphic domains in the world, and is a key to understanding the Neoarchean crustal evolution of the Superior Province. Here we report results of a study on ultrahigh temperature (UHT) granulites with a sapphirine + quartz-bearing peak assemblage from the Sipiwesk Lake area in the PGD. Three stages of metamorphic assemblage development are recognized based on petrographic observations: Pre-peak stage is marked by garnet, sillimanite, K-feldspar, and biotite inclusions within sapphirine and orthopyroxene. Peak stage is charactered by the typical UHT associations of sapphirine + quartz and sapphirine + orthopyroxene. The retrograde stage is represented by the retrograde formation of cordierite, biotite and sillimanite in the matrix. Phase equilibrium modelling based on the bulk compositions of sapphirine-bearing granulites suggest that the rocks have experienced extensional UHT metamorphism in excess of 1035°C at pressures of 7.9–9.0 kbar, followed by isobaric cooling process. SHRIMP U–Pb dating of metamorphic zircons in sapphirine-bearing granulite record the timing of the UHT event in the PGD with a weighted mean 207Pb/206Pb age of 2681 ± 13 Ma. This study in combination with other metamorphic P–T paths and age information reveals that this UHT metamorphism at 2.68 Ga in PGD was generated by upwelling asthenosphere due to slab break-off in collision during the amalgamation of the Superior Province.

皮克维托内麻粒岩域(PGD)位于苏必利尔省西北部,是世界上最大的新太古代高级变质域之一,是了解苏必利勒省新太古代地壳演化的关键。本文报道了用蓝宝石研究超高温麻粒岩的结果 + PGD中Sipiwesk湖地区的含石英峰组合。根据岩相观察,变质组合发育有三个阶段:峰前阶段以蓝宝石和斜方辉石中的石榴石、硅线石、钾长石和黑云母包裹体为标志。峰值阶段的特征是典型的蓝宝石超高温缔合 + 石英和蓝宝石 + 斜方辉石。逆行阶段表现为基质中堇青石、黑云母和硅线石的逆行形成。基于含蓝宝石麻粒岩整体成分的相平衡模型表明,岩石在7.9–9.0的压力下经历了超过1035°C的拉伸超高温变质作用 kbar,然后进行等压冷却过程。蓝宝石麻粒岩中变质锆石的SHRIMP U–Pb定年记录了PGD中UHT事件的时间,加权平均207Pb/206Pb年龄为2681 ± 13 马。这项研究结合其他变质P–T路径和年龄信息表明,这种超高温变质作用发生在2.68 PGD中的Ga是由苏必利尔省合并过程中板块碰撞断裂导致的软流圈上升产生的。
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引用次数: 0
The origin and compositions of melt inclusions in an Al2SiO5-free paragneiss from the Namche Barwa Complex in the Eastern Himalayan Syntaxis 喜马拉雅造山带东部Namche-Barwa杂岩中无Al2SiO5共生体熔体包裹体的起源和成分
IF 3.4 2区 地球科学 Q1 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2023-04-12 DOI: 10.1111/jmg.12721
Qiang Liu, Penglei Liu, Xin Li, Junfeng Zhang

Melt inclusions (MIs) in high-temperature metamorphic rocks provide a unique window into crustal anatexis in collisional orogenic belts and have been widely used to characterize compositions of anatectic melts as well as melting mechanisms. In this study, MIs hosted by peritectic garnet were for the first time identified in an Al2SiO5-free graywacke-type paragneiss from the Namche Barwa Complex, the Eastern Himalaya, Southeast Tibet. These MIs occur as nanogranites in the rims of porphyroblastic garnet, exhibit negative crystal shapes with an average diameter of ~12 μm and consist of a mineral assemblage of biotite + quartz + plagioclase + K-feldspar ± muscovite. Re-homogenization experiments of these nanogranites were conducted at a pressure of 1.5 GPa and temperatures of 800°C, 850°C and 900°C and produced homogeneous glasses at 850°C. The homogenized glasses are strongly peraluminous and calc-alkalic in composition, with 66.43–71.31 wt.% SiO2, 12.64–15.06 wt.% Al2O3, high alkaline (5.41–7.22 wt.%) and low ferromagnesian (2.72–4.46 wt.%) contents. They are lower in silica and CaO but higher in K2O compared with MI produced by fluid-present melting of metasedimentary rocks, thus indicating fluid-absent melting. These glasses are also characterized by enrichment of large ion lithophile elements (particularly Cs and Rb), depletion of Ba and Sr, low contents of light rare earth elements (3.6 to 33.7 ppm), high Rb/Sr ratios (6.19–37.3) and low Nb/Ta ratios (2.55–18.7). In combination with phase equilibrium modelling, these compositional features suggest that a sequential dehydration melting of muscovite and biotite was responsible for the production of MI during prograde metamorphism of the studied paragneiss. By compiling MI data published in the literature, we show that dehydration melting of metasedimentary rocks from the Himalayan orogen can produce initial melts with various peraluminous and granitic compositions.

高温变质岩中的熔体包裹体(MI)为了解碰撞造山带地壳锐钛矿提供了一个独特的窗口,并已被广泛用于表征锐钛矿熔体的组成和熔融机制。在本研究中,首次在西藏东南部喜马拉雅东部南车-巴尔瓦杂岩的一个不含Al2SiO5的杂砂岩型共生体中发现了包晶石榴石所含的MI。这些MI以纳米花岗岩的形式出现在斑晶石榴石边缘,呈现出平均直径为~12的负晶体形状 μm,由黑云母+石英+斜长石+钾长石+白云母的矿物组合组成。这些纳米花岗岩的再均匀化实验在1.5 GPa的压力和800°C、850°C和900°C的温度下进行,并在850°C下产生均匀的玻璃。均化玻璃的成分为强过铝质和钙碱性,为66.43–71.31 SiO2重量百分比,12.64–15.06 Al2O3重量百分比,高碱性(5.41–7.22 wt.%)和低铁磁体(2.72–4.46 wt.%)含量。与变质沉积岩的流体熔融产生的MI相比,它们的二氧化硅和CaO含量较低,但K2O含量较高,因此表明没有流体熔融。这些玻璃还具有大离子亲石元素(特别是Cs和Rb)富集、Ba和Sr贫化、轻稀土元素含量低(3.6至33.7 ppm)、Rb/Sr比值高(6.19–37.3)和Nb/Ta比值低(2.55–18.7)的特征。结合相平衡建模,这些组成特征表明,白云母和黑云母的连续脱水熔融是所研究的副片麻岩进变质过程中MI产生的原因。通过汇编文献中发表的MI数据,我们表明喜马拉雅造山带变质沉积岩的脱水熔融可以产生具有各种过铝质和花岗岩成分的初始熔体。
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引用次数: 1
Late Neoproterozoic–Cambrian eclogites and high-pressure granulites in the Central Qilian terrane (China) record the earliest subduction of Proto-Tethyan Ocean in the eastern Tethysides 中国中祁连地体的晚新元古代—寒武纪榴辉岩和高压麻粒岩记录了特提斯塞德东部最早的原特提斯洋俯冲
IF 3.4 2区 地球科学 Q1 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2023-03-17 DOI: 10.1111/jmg.12720
Hao Wang, Wenjiao Xiao, Rui Li, Hongxu Chen, Zhou Tan, Qigui Mao

The Central Qilian terrane (CQT) of the northern Tibetan Plateau played a key role in the tectonic evolution of the Proto-Tethyan Ocean in the Tethysides, but its formation and tectonic attribution have been hotly debated. Here, we report the discovery of eclogites and HP mafic granulites in the Beidahe Complex of the western CQT. These occur as blocks of various sizes within a sequence of metavolcanic–sedimentary rocks, exhibiting typical a ‘block-in-matrix’ and thrust imbrication structure. The eclogite facies metamorphic rocks preserve distinct mineral assemblages and textures corresponding to prograde, peak, and retrograde metamorphism. By combining phase equilibrium modelling with SHRIMP and LA-ICPMS U–Pb dating of metamorphic zircon, sphene, and rutile, the Late Neoproterozoic–Cambrian (c. 553–516 Ma) eclogite facies peak with low thermal gradients of 10–14°C/km, Cambrian (c. 515–506 Ma) post-peak decompression and Ordovician (c. 495–455 Ma) cooling histories for these metabasic rocks have been restored. These constitute hairpin-type clockwise pressure–temperature–time (P–T–t) paths depicting in detail the sequence of deep subduction and subsequent exhumation in Central Qilian during the Late Neoproterozoic to Early Palaeozoic. Our new findings suggest that the CQT represents a Japan-type arc-accretionary system that formed as a result of the North Qilian oceanic plate, one of the major branches of the Proto-Tethys Ocean, being subducted southward. Eclogites in the Beidahe Complex in western CQT offer the earliest (c. 553 Ma) metamorphic record of subduction in the Qilian orogen, indicating that the North Qilian Ocean commenced subducting southward prior to the Late Neoproterozoic.

青藏高原北部的中祁连地体(CQT)在特提斯塞德斯原特提斯洋的构造演化中发挥了关键作用,但其形成和构造归属一直争论不休。本文报道了塔里木盆地西部北大河杂岩中榴辉岩和高压基性麻粒岩的发现。它们以不同大小的块体形式出现在变质火山-沉积岩序列中,表现出典型的“块体-基质”和逆冲叠瓦构造。榴辉岩相变质岩保留了不同的矿物组合和结构,对应于进变质、峰变质和逆变质。结合相平衡模型、SHRIMP和LA - ICPMS U-Pb定年对变质锆石、凤仙石和金红石进行分析,恢复了晚新元古代-寒武系(约553-516 Ma)低热梯度10-14°c /km的榴辉岩相峰、寒武系(约515-506 Ma)峰后减压和奥陶系(约495-455 Ma)的冷却历史。这些形成了发夹型顺时针压力-温度-时间(P-T-t)路径,详细描绘了晚新元古代至早古生代中祁连地区深俯冲和随后的发掘序列。我们的新发现表明,CQT代表了一个日本型弧增生系统,该系统是由于原特提斯洋的主要分支之一北祁连洋板块向南俯冲而形成的。华北盆地西部北大河杂岩榴辉岩提供了祁连造山带最早的(约553 Ma)变质俯冲记录,表明晚新元古代前北祁连洋开始向南俯冲。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Journal of Metamorphic Geology
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