M. Jimoh, M. Ajani, S. Folorunso, Ebenezer O Fatunla, C. Aruah, A. Abdus-salam, J. Ogunbiyi
Background: Breast cancer is a major public health problem in most low- to medium-income countries of the world because of its high morbidity and mortality rate. Histopathological features are vital in risk assessment, selection of treatment and prognostication in breast cancer patients. This study aimed to assess the histopathological features of all breast cancer cases seen in a tertiary hospital in the year 2018. Methods: This is a retrospective review of all breast cancer cases histologically diagnosed and confirmed by three Pathologists at the University College Hospital (UCH), Ibadan over a one-year period from 1st January 2018 to 31st December, 2018. Results: A total of 236 breast cancer cases were seen during this period, 234 (99.2%) were females while only 2 (0.8%) were male. 163 (69.7%) patients were between the fourth and sixth decades of life, 65 (27.8%) patients were above sixth decade while 6 (2.5%) patients were below fourth decade. Invasive ductal carcinoma of No Special Type (NST) was the commonest histological subtype 212 (89.8%). Grade 1 cases were 25(10.6%), Grade 2 129 (54.7%) and Grade 3 cases were 40 (16.9%) while 42 (17.8%) were not graded. Lymphovascular invasion observed in 98 (41.5%) of the cases. 54 (22.9%) had immunohistochemistry out of which 23 (43.4%) were triple negative while 8 (3.4%) were triple positive. Conclusion: Histopathological features suggesting aggressive disease was predominantly observed. Efforts should be made towards early diagnosis, adequate evaluation and prompt treatment. Cancer care should be fully incorporated in the National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS).
{"title":"One year of breast cancer in Ibadan, Southwestern Nigeria: a histopathological review","authors":"M. Jimoh, M. Ajani, S. Folorunso, Ebenezer O Fatunla, C. Aruah, A. Abdus-salam, J. Ogunbiyi","doi":"10.4103/jomt.jomt_33_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jomt.jomt_33_20","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Breast cancer is a major public health problem in most low- to medium-income countries of the world because of its high morbidity and mortality rate. Histopathological features are vital in risk assessment, selection of treatment and prognostication in breast cancer patients. This study aimed to assess the histopathological features of all breast cancer cases seen in a tertiary hospital in the year 2018. Methods: This is a retrospective review of all breast cancer cases histologically diagnosed and confirmed by three Pathologists at the University College Hospital (UCH), Ibadan over a one-year period from 1st January 2018 to 31st December, 2018. Results: A total of 236 breast cancer cases were seen during this period, 234 (99.2%) were females while only 2 (0.8%) were male. 163 (69.7%) patients were between the fourth and sixth decades of life, 65 (27.8%) patients were above sixth decade while 6 (2.5%) patients were below fourth decade. Invasive ductal carcinoma of No Special Type (NST) was the commonest histological subtype 212 (89.8%). Grade 1 cases were 25(10.6%), Grade 2 129 (54.7%) and Grade 3 cases were 40 (16.9%) while 42 (17.8%) were not graded. Lymphovascular invasion observed in 98 (41.5%) of the cases. 54 (22.9%) had immunohistochemistry out of which 23 (43.4%) were triple negative while 8 (3.4%) were triple positive. Conclusion: Histopathological features suggesting aggressive disease was predominantly observed. Efforts should be made towards early diagnosis, adequate evaluation and prompt treatment. Cancer care should be fully incorporated in the National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS).","PeriodicalId":16477,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medicine in the Tropics","volume":"7 1","pages":"58 - 63"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87925678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Childhood asthma is the most common chronic lung disease of childhood that requires monitoring including lung function test. This study aimed to evaluate the lung function and the monitoring strategies of children with physician-diagnosed asthma. Methods: Children aged 6 to 18 years attending the respiratory clinic with physician-diagnosed asthma were studied. Clinical status and asthma monitoring strategies were obtained followed by spirometry. The tools used for monitoring asthma included symptom diary, peak expiratory flow meter, exacerbations, and use of rescue bronchodilator in the past 1 year. Results: There were 45 children aged between 6 and 18 years with 29 (64.4%) females and 16 (35.6%) males. There was no seasonal variation in the development of symptoms and most of the parents and siblings had no allergic conditions. Nearly all children did not use monitoring tools; none of them kept a symptom diary and only one (2.2%) and three (6.7%) had an action plan and peak flow meter, respectively. Only one (2.2%) had a history of being admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). Thirty-three (73.3%) patients had identifiable triggers (single or multiple) with cold being the most common. Eleven (24.4%) patients had the need to use a rescue bronchodilator in the past 12 months. Thirteen (28.9%) patients had an abnormal spirometric pattern and the most common being the obstructive type. Conclusion: The majority of the children had no asthma monitoring tools and a third of them had an abnormal spirometric pattern with the obstructive type being the most common.
{"title":"Asthma monitoring and lung function in children with physician-diagnosed asthma","authors":"E. Yiltok, H. Akhiwu","doi":"10.4103/jomt.jomt_49_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jomt.jomt_49_20","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Childhood asthma is the most common chronic lung disease of childhood that requires monitoring including lung function test. This study aimed to evaluate the lung function and the monitoring strategies of children with physician-diagnosed asthma. Methods: Children aged 6 to 18 years attending the respiratory clinic with physician-diagnosed asthma were studied. Clinical status and asthma monitoring strategies were obtained followed by spirometry. The tools used for monitoring asthma included symptom diary, peak expiratory flow meter, exacerbations, and use of rescue bronchodilator in the past 1 year. Results: There were 45 children aged between 6 and 18 years with 29 (64.4%) females and 16 (35.6%) males. There was no seasonal variation in the development of symptoms and most of the parents and siblings had no allergic conditions. Nearly all children did not use monitoring tools; none of them kept a symptom diary and only one (2.2%) and three (6.7%) had an action plan and peak flow meter, respectively. Only one (2.2%) had a history of being admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). Thirty-three (73.3%) patients had identifiable triggers (single or multiple) with cold being the most common. Eleven (24.4%) patients had the need to use a rescue bronchodilator in the past 12 months. Thirteen (28.9%) patients had an abnormal spirometric pattern and the most common being the obstructive type. Conclusion: The majority of the children had no asthma monitoring tools and a third of them had an abnormal spirometric pattern with the obstructive type being the most common.","PeriodicalId":16477,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medicine in the Tropics","volume":"36 1","pages":"17 - 22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84014847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Epidermoid cyst of the oral cavity is very rare, slow-growing, benign neoplasm derived from the remnant of the neural tube. It accounts for less than 0.01% of all cystic lesions of the head and neck. Most of the intraoral cases are reported in the midline and floor of the mouth. Very rare cases are seen involving the tongue, lips, uvula, temporomandibular joint, maxillary, and buccal mucosa. The rare oral lesion is asymptomatic, but large masses present early with difficulty in breathing and swallowing. We report an uncommon case of epidermoid cyst in an infant with failure to thrive due to obstruction and inability to latch breast milk. Case report: A 40-day-old male infant presented with a large oral swelling in the floor of the mouth since birth. It measured 4 × 5 cm in size. Surgical excision with primary closure was successfully performed. The histopathological report confirmed the diagnosis of epidermoid cyst. The child recovered to full general health with no signs of recurrence. Conclusion: Oral epidermoid cyst is a rare neoplasm that may mimic dermoid cyst and teratoid tumors clinically. The treatment of choice is surgical excision; however, there is a recurrence rate of 33% and rarely transforms into malignancy.
{"title":"Oral epidermoid cyst: clinicopathological report of a rare case","authors":"M. Abdullahi, A. Zarami, A. Sanda, H. Olasoji","doi":"10.4103/jomt.jomt_42_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jomt.jomt_42_20","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Epidermoid cyst of the oral cavity is very rare, slow-growing, benign neoplasm derived from the remnant of the neural tube. It accounts for less than 0.01% of all cystic lesions of the head and neck. Most of the intraoral cases are reported in the midline and floor of the mouth. Very rare cases are seen involving the tongue, lips, uvula, temporomandibular joint, maxillary, and buccal mucosa. The rare oral lesion is asymptomatic, but large masses present early with difficulty in breathing and swallowing. We report an uncommon case of epidermoid cyst in an infant with failure to thrive due to obstruction and inability to latch breast milk. Case report: A 40-day-old male infant presented with a large oral swelling in the floor of the mouth since birth. It measured 4 × 5 cm in size. Surgical excision with primary closure was successfully performed. The histopathological report confirmed the diagnosis of epidermoid cyst. The child recovered to full general health with no signs of recurrence. Conclusion: Oral epidermoid cyst is a rare neoplasm that may mimic dermoid cyst and teratoid tumors clinically. The treatment of choice is surgical excision; however, there is a recurrence rate of 33% and rarely transforms into malignancy.","PeriodicalId":16477,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medicine in the Tropics","volume":"47 1","pages":"92 - 96"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80550721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Olarinoye-Akorede, Desiree Jimeta, Gboyega M. Olarinoye, S. Adewuyi
Out of all skin neoplasms, metastasis accounts for only about 2%, and breast cancer is the second commonest malignancy to metastasize to the skin after malignant melanoma. Although triple-negative breast cancer patients tend to have metastatic disease at presentation, cutaneous metastasis is unusual. In this report, we present a 47-year-old asymptomatic woman whose attention was drawn by her hairdresser to a scalp swelling 2 months prior to presentation. Similar swellings were noticed on the back, arms, and thighs. One month later, a left breast lump was noticed during a clinical breast examination by a physician. She was in good physical condition but had generalized cutaneous nodules. Further investigations revealed canon ball metastasis to the lungs, and histopathology with immunohistochemistry confirmed triple-negative invasive ductal carcinoma with cutaneous metastasis. Skin involvement in breast cancer signifies advanced disease. Therefore, high index of suspicion is necessary so as not to overlook early sinister nodules as benign dermatological condition.
{"title":"Cutaneous nodules as a first presentation in triple-negative breast cancer","authors":"S. Olarinoye-Akorede, Desiree Jimeta, Gboyega M. Olarinoye, S. Adewuyi","doi":"10.4103/jomt.jomt_23_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jomt.jomt_23_20","url":null,"abstract":"Out of all skin neoplasms, metastasis accounts for only about 2%, and breast cancer is the second commonest malignancy to metastasize to the skin after malignant melanoma. Although triple-negative breast cancer patients tend to have metastatic disease at presentation, cutaneous metastasis is unusual. In this report, we present a 47-year-old asymptomatic woman whose attention was drawn by her hairdresser to a scalp swelling 2 months prior to presentation. Similar swellings were noticed on the back, arms, and thighs. One month later, a left breast lump was noticed during a clinical breast examination by a physician. She was in good physical condition but had generalized cutaneous nodules. Further investigations revealed canon ball metastasis to the lungs, and histopathology with immunohistochemistry confirmed triple-negative invasive ductal carcinoma with cutaneous metastasis. Skin involvement in breast cancer signifies advanced disease. Therefore, high index of suspicion is necessary so as not to overlook early sinister nodules as benign dermatological condition.","PeriodicalId":16477,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medicine in the Tropics","volume":"101 1","pages":"88 - 91"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77128760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Of the estimated 5000 existing mushroom species, only 200 to 300 have been established to be edible and safe, whereas 50 to 100 species are known to be poisonous for human consumption. The toxicity profile of most other species has not been investigated. Consuming mushrooms gathered in the wild is risky, as most of the mushroom poisoning reported are due to accidental ingestion of poisonous mushrooms, which are often misidentified. To study the clinical characteristics of patients who got admitted with mushroom poisoning in North Eastern Indra Gandhi Regional Institute of Health and Medical Sciences (NEIGRIHMS), Shillong over the past 5 years. Methods: A retrospective study of case records of patients admitted with mushroom poisoning over 5 years in a tertiary care regional institute of northeastern India (NEIGRIHMS, Shillong) was carried out. Data collection was done using a pre-designed proforma. Results: Fifty-three patients were admitted with mushroom poisoning during the study period of 5 years (2014–2019). Maximum number (16; 30.19%) of the patients belonged to the age group of 11 to 20 years. A two and a half months old baby on breast milk is the youngest patient admitted with mushroom poisoning. Out of 53 patients with mushroom poisoning, 33 (62.26%) reported in six clusters, and 20 (37.74%) were admitted as individual mushroom poisoning patients. The majority, 40 (75.47%), of the patients survived and got discharged. Nine (16.98%) patients died due to complications of poisoning, and four (7.55%) patients left against medical advice. Most of the cases (21, 39.62%) were from Ri-Bhoi district. Most (17, 32.07%) of the mushroom poisoning occurred during the month of May, which coincided with the peak time of mushroom production in the state of Meghalaya. Conclusions: Wild mushroom is a part of routine food consumption in the tribal population of Meghalaya. Nearly 75% of the patients admitted with mushroom poisoning recovered, whereas 16.98% died due to poisoning complications.
{"title":"Mushroom poisoning and outcome of patients admitted in a tertiary care hospital in North East India","authors":"Kawal Pandita, N. Topno, D. Thappa","doi":"10.4103/jomt.jomt_53_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jomt.jomt_53_20","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Of the estimated 5000 existing mushroom species, only 200 to 300 have been established to be edible and safe, whereas 50 to 100 species are known to be poisonous for human consumption. The toxicity profile of most other species has not been investigated. Consuming mushrooms gathered in the wild is risky, as most of the mushroom poisoning reported are due to accidental ingestion of poisonous mushrooms, which are often misidentified. To study the clinical characteristics of patients who got admitted with mushroom poisoning in North Eastern Indra Gandhi Regional Institute of Health and Medical Sciences (NEIGRIHMS), Shillong over the past 5 years. Methods: A retrospective study of case records of patients admitted with mushroom poisoning over 5 years in a tertiary care regional institute of northeastern India (NEIGRIHMS, Shillong) was carried out. Data collection was done using a pre-designed proforma. Results: Fifty-three patients were admitted with mushroom poisoning during the study period of 5 years (2014–2019). Maximum number (16; 30.19%) of the patients belonged to the age group of 11 to 20 years. A two and a half months old baby on breast milk is the youngest patient admitted with mushroom poisoning. Out of 53 patients with mushroom poisoning, 33 (62.26%) reported in six clusters, and 20 (37.74%) were admitted as individual mushroom poisoning patients. The majority, 40 (75.47%), of the patients survived and got discharged. Nine (16.98%) patients died due to complications of poisoning, and four (7.55%) patients left against medical advice. Most of the cases (21, 39.62%) were from Ri-Bhoi district. Most (17, 32.07%) of the mushroom poisoning occurred during the month of May, which coincided with the peak time of mushroom production in the state of Meghalaya. Conclusions: Wild mushroom is a part of routine food consumption in the tribal population of Meghalaya. Nearly 75% of the patients admitted with mushroom poisoning recovered, whereas 16.98% died due to poisoning complications.","PeriodicalId":16477,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medicine in the Tropics","volume":"88 1","pages":"29 - 34"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81392321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Tahir, M. Aminu, A. Suleiman, A. Opaluwa, A. Ahmad, A. Anka
Background: The recent guidelines for HIV treatment initiation in Nigeria do not depend on CD4 cell count or plasma viral load however, assessment of the baseline immunologic and virologic markers could indicate prognosis and transmission index. This study was aimed to estimate CD4 cells and plasma HIV-1 RNA viral load among antiretroviral treatment (ART)-naive populations in three HIV treatment centres in Nigeria. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional hospital-based study of 50 adult ART-naive patients. Whole blood and plasma samples were estimated for CD4 cells and HIV RNA-1 plasma viral load respectively. Results: The median age of the study participants was 35 years and 64% were female. The median CD4 cell count was 176 cell/μl while the median HIV viral load was 158391 copies/mL. There was a significant moderately strong, negative Spearman correlation between HIV-1 plasma viral load and CD4 cell count (r = −0.5007, P = 0.0002). Female recorded relatively higher CD4 cell count and lower plasma viral load. Six percent (6%) of the ART-naïve patients had undetectable viral load. Conclusion: This study indicates the baseline plasma viral load and CD4 cell count which can affect prognosis, disease progression and transmission. The drug-naïve participants reported with undetectable plasma RNA could be ‘elite’ controllers.
背景:尼日利亚最近的艾滋病毒治疗指南不依赖于CD4细胞计数或血浆病毒载量，然而，对基线免疫和病毒学标志物的评估可以指示预后和传播指数。这项研究旨在估计尼日利亚三个艾滋病毒治疗中心未经抗逆转录病毒治疗(ART)的人群中的CD4细胞和血浆HIV-1 RNA病毒载量。方法:我们对50例未接受art治疗的成人患者进行了一项以医院为基础的横断面研究。分别测定全血和血浆样本的CD4细胞和HIV RNA-1血浆病毒载量。结果:研究参与者的中位年龄为35岁，其中64%为女性。CD4细胞计数中位数为176个/μl, HIV病毒载量中位数为158391拷贝/mL。HIV-1血浆病毒载量与CD4细胞计数之间存在显著的中等强的负Spearman相关性(r = - 0.5007, P = 0.0002)。女性的CD4细胞计数相对较高，血浆病毒载量较低。6%(6%)的ART-naïve患者无法检测到病毒载量。结论:本研究提示基线血浆病毒载量和CD4细胞计数可影响预后、疾病进展和传播。据报道，drug-naïve参与者血浆中无法检测到RNA，他们可能是“精英”控制者。
{"title":"HIV-1 plasma RNA viral load and CD4 cell count in drug-naïve HIV-1 infected patients in Kaduna State, Nigeria","authors":"M. Tahir, M. Aminu, A. Suleiman, A. Opaluwa, A. Ahmad, A. Anka","doi":"10.4103/jomt.jomt_27_19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jomt.jomt_27_19","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The recent guidelines for HIV treatment initiation in Nigeria do not depend on CD4 cell count or plasma viral load however, assessment of the baseline immunologic and virologic markers could indicate prognosis and transmission index. This study was aimed to estimate CD4 cells and plasma HIV-1 RNA viral load among antiretroviral treatment (ART)-naive populations in three HIV treatment centres in Nigeria. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional hospital-based study of 50 adult ART-naive patients. Whole blood and plasma samples were estimated for CD4 cells and HIV RNA-1 plasma viral load respectively. Results: The median age of the study participants was 35 years and 64% were female. The median CD4 cell count was 176 cell/μl while the median HIV viral load was 158391 copies/mL. There was a significant moderately strong, negative Spearman correlation between HIV-1 plasma viral load and CD4 cell count (r = −0.5007, P = 0.0002). Female recorded relatively higher CD4 cell count and lower plasma viral load. Six percent (6%) of the ART-naïve patients had undetectable viral load. Conclusion: This study indicates the baseline plasma viral load and CD4 cell count which can affect prognosis, disease progression and transmission. The drug-naïve participants reported with undetectable plasma RNA could be ‘elite’ controllers.","PeriodicalId":16477,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medicine in the Tropics","volume":"105 1","pages":"46 - 51"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87739111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Adekwu, M. Efu, F. Ibiam, G. Obasikene, M. Agbonifo, V. Lawrence, S. Unogwu, B. Ojo
Background: Adenoidectomy, tonsillectomy, or both are a leading cause of surgical admission, especially in children, in otolaryngological practice in the world. This study aimed to audit the demography, symptoms/signs, indications, types of surgery, postoperative outcome, and histopathological evaluation of adenotonsillectomy in Makurdi, Nigeria. Methods: This was a 3-year retrospective study. Record of total surgical procedures was taken and data of patients who had adenoidectomy, tonsillectomy, or both were retrieved. The data extracted included study population demography, symptoms/signs, indication and surgery carried out, postoperative care, and histopathological reports of specimens. The primary outcomes were symptoms/signs, indication, and type of surgery, whereas postoperative management and histopathological examination findings were secondary consideration. Ethical clearance was obtained. The data were analyzed. Results: Two hundred and twenty different types of surgeries were done within the study period. Seventy-two patients (32.7%) underwent adenoid and tonsil surgeries, comprising 46 males and 26 females; age ranged from 1 to 38 years with mean age of 6.63 ±7.78 years. Majority (68.0%) of the patients were ≤5 years old. Snoring and noisy breathing were common presentations. Obstructive adenotonsillar hypertrophy at 63.9% was the most frequent indication for surgery and adenotonsillectomy constituted the most performed procedure. Postoperatively, all the patients had routine antibiotics, analgesics, and were commenced on graded oral feeds. Nine (12.5%) and six (8.3%) patients had postoperative vomiting and fever, respectively. There were no complications of hemorrhage or fatality. The patients were kept for 2 to 3 days. Histopathology results showed follicular hyperplasia (61.1%) and chronic inflammation (38.9%). Conclusion: Adenoid and tonsillar surgeries still constitute common procedures among children in Makurdi and obstructive adenotonsillar hypertrophy and its surgery is commonly encountered with satisfactory outcome. Routine histopathological examination of nonsuspicious adenoid and tonsil specimens should be discouraged.
{"title":"Auditing adenotonsillectomy: The Makurdi, North Central Nigeria, experience","authors":"A. Adekwu, M. Efu, F. Ibiam, G. Obasikene, M. Agbonifo, V. Lawrence, S. Unogwu, B. Ojo","doi":"10.4103/jomt.jomt_45_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jomt.jomt_45_20","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Adenoidectomy, tonsillectomy, or both are a leading cause of surgical admission, especially in children, in otolaryngological practice in the world. This study aimed to audit the demography, symptoms/signs, indications, types of surgery, postoperative outcome, and histopathological evaluation of adenotonsillectomy in Makurdi, Nigeria. Methods: This was a 3-year retrospective study. Record of total surgical procedures was taken and data of patients who had adenoidectomy, tonsillectomy, or both were retrieved. The data extracted included study population demography, symptoms/signs, indication and surgery carried out, postoperative care, and histopathological reports of specimens. The primary outcomes were symptoms/signs, indication, and type of surgery, whereas postoperative management and histopathological examination findings were secondary consideration. Ethical clearance was obtained. The data were analyzed. Results: Two hundred and twenty different types of surgeries were done within the study period. Seventy-two patients (32.7%) underwent adenoid and tonsil surgeries, comprising 46 males and 26 females; age ranged from 1 to 38 years with mean age of 6.63 ±7.78 years. Majority (68.0%) of the patients were ≤5 years old. Snoring and noisy breathing were common presentations. Obstructive adenotonsillar hypertrophy at 63.9% was the most frequent indication for surgery and adenotonsillectomy constituted the most performed procedure. Postoperatively, all the patients had routine antibiotics, analgesics, and were commenced on graded oral feeds. Nine (12.5%) and six (8.3%) patients had postoperative vomiting and fever, respectively. There were no complications of hemorrhage or fatality. The patients were kept for 2 to 3 days. Histopathology results showed follicular hyperplasia (61.1%) and chronic inflammation (38.9%). Conclusion: Adenoid and tonsillar surgeries still constitute common procedures among children in Makurdi and obstructive adenotonsillar hypertrophy and its surgery is commonly encountered with satisfactory outcome. Routine histopathological examination of nonsuspicious adenoid and tonsil specimens should be discouraged.","PeriodicalId":16477,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medicine in the Tropics","volume":"50 1","pages":"52 - 57"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90633408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Gene Xpert mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB)/Rifampicin (RIF) was introduced for the detection of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) at the Federal Medical Centre, Owo, Ondo State, Nigeria in 2015. The study aimed to determine the effect of Gene Xpert MTB/RIF on diagnosis of PTB. Methods: We reviewed Gene Xpert register from January 2015 to January 2017. The agreement of Gene Xpert with acid-fast bacilli was determined using the sensitivity and positive predictive value of the Gene Xpert test. Association was assessed using chi-square test. Binary logistic regression was used to determine the predictors of positive Gene Xpert result. Results: A total of 1246 records were reviewed; the average age was 41 ± 19 years, and nearly half of the patients (48.6%) were female. While 264 (21.2%) were human immuno-deficiency virus (HIV) positive. Smear microscopy was positive in 118 (16.9%); 90 (13.6%) had tuberculosis (TB) detected on Gene Xpert. Those positive for smear microscopy and Gene Xpert were 21 (10.0%). The Gene Xpert detected 90 (8.3%) of the 653 with presumptive TB. The turnaround time for Gene Xpert was 24 hours. When compared to smear microscopy, Gene Xpert showed sensitivity of 45.7% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 31.7–60.1) and specificity of 98.2% (95% CI: 95.1–99.5) in all the cases and sensitivity of 50% (95% CI: 29.8–70.2) and specificity of 100% among HIV positives. Conclusion: Gene Xpert should be preferred to smear microscopy in evaluating HIV positive patients for TB. Nevertheless, clinicians can still rely on results from smear microscopy for clinical decision when Gene Xpert is not available.
{"title":"Impact of Gene Xpert on the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis at a tertiary health care facility in Nigeria","authors":"O S Ilesanmi, B. Adeniyi, A. Bakare, A. Kareem","doi":"10.4103/jomt.jomt_38_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jomt.jomt_38_20","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Gene Xpert mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB)/Rifampicin (RIF) was introduced for the detection of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) at the Federal Medical Centre, Owo, Ondo State, Nigeria in 2015. The study aimed to determine the effect of Gene Xpert MTB/RIF on diagnosis of PTB. Methods: We reviewed Gene Xpert register from January 2015 to January 2017. The agreement of Gene Xpert with acid-fast bacilli was determined using the sensitivity and positive predictive value of the Gene Xpert test. Association was assessed using chi-square test. Binary logistic regression was used to determine the predictors of positive Gene Xpert result. Results: A total of 1246 records were reviewed; the average age was 41 ± 19 years, and nearly half of the patients (48.6%) were female. While 264 (21.2%) were human immuno-deficiency virus (HIV) positive. Smear microscopy was positive in 118 (16.9%); 90 (13.6%) had tuberculosis (TB) detected on Gene Xpert. Those positive for smear microscopy and Gene Xpert were 21 (10.0%). The Gene Xpert detected 90 (8.3%) of the 653 with presumptive TB. The turnaround time for Gene Xpert was 24 hours. When compared to smear microscopy, Gene Xpert showed sensitivity of 45.7% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 31.7–60.1) and specificity of 98.2% (95% CI: 95.1–99.5) in all the cases and sensitivity of 50% (95% CI: 29.8–70.2) and specificity of 100% among HIV positives. Conclusion: Gene Xpert should be preferred to smear microscopy in evaluating HIV positive patients for TB. Nevertheless, clinicians can still rely on results from smear microscopy for clinical decision when Gene Xpert is not available.","PeriodicalId":16477,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medicine in the Tropics","volume":"52 4","pages":"11 - 16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72615089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: About 15% of blindness in Africa is due to glaucoma. The Nigerian National Blindness and Visual Impairment Survey found that glaucoma accounted for 16.7% of blindness with regional variations. The purpose of the study was to find the regional pattern of presentation and visual outcome to implement preventive measures. Methods: This was a descriptive retrospective study of new patients who presented to the eye clinic of Benue State University Teaching Hospital, Makurdi and were diagnosed of glaucoma. Results: In this study, 795 consecutive new patients who fulfilled the diagnostic criteria for glaucoma were included. Their mean age was 45.5 ± 18.3. There were 450 (56.6%) males. More patients presented in the fourth and fifth decade of life (n = 299, 37.6%). Primary open-angle glaucoma (inclusive of juvenile open-angle glaucoma, n =595, 74.8%, and normal tension glaucoma, n = 8, 1.0%) accounted for a total of 603 (75.8%). There were 145 (18.2%) glaucoma suspects, 23 (2.9%) primary angle-closure glaucoma, 20 (2.5%) secondary glaucoma, and four cases of congenital glaucoma. Vertical cup-to-disc ratio of ≥0.9 was in 634 (39.9%) of eyes; 274 (34.4%) were bilateral, and were all considered to have severe, advanced or end-stage glaucoma. About 203 (25.5%) had discs asymmetry of ≥0.2. About 355 (22.3%) patients’ eyes were blind: 95 (11.9%) bilateral and 165 (20.8%) uniocular. Conclusion: Open-angle glaucoma was most common, and patients presented at a young age with severe eye disease, visual impairment, and blindness.
{"title":"Pattern of presentation and visual outcome of glaucoma in a tertiary hospital, Makurdi, Nigeria","authors":"K. Malu, A. Ramyil, D. Malu","doi":"10.4103/jomt.jomt_58_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jomt.jomt_58_20","url":null,"abstract":"Background: About 15% of blindness in Africa is due to glaucoma. The Nigerian National Blindness and Visual Impairment Survey found that glaucoma accounted for 16.7% of blindness with regional variations. The purpose of the study was to find the regional pattern of presentation and visual outcome to implement preventive measures. Methods: This was a descriptive retrospective study of new patients who presented to the eye clinic of Benue State University Teaching Hospital, Makurdi and were diagnosed of glaucoma. Results: In this study, 795 consecutive new patients who fulfilled the diagnostic criteria for glaucoma were included. Their mean age was 45.5 ± 18.3. There were 450 (56.6%) males. More patients presented in the fourth and fifth decade of life (n = 299, 37.6%). Primary open-angle glaucoma (inclusive of juvenile open-angle glaucoma, n =595, 74.8%, and normal tension glaucoma, n = 8, 1.0%) accounted for a total of 603 (75.8%). There were 145 (18.2%) glaucoma suspects, 23 (2.9%) primary angle-closure glaucoma, 20 (2.5%) secondary glaucoma, and four cases of congenital glaucoma. Vertical cup-to-disc ratio of ≥0.9 was in 634 (39.9%) of eyes; 274 (34.4%) were bilateral, and were all considered to have severe, advanced or end-stage glaucoma. About 203 (25.5%) had discs asymmetry of ≥0.2. About 355 (22.3%) patients’ eyes were blind: 95 (11.9%) bilateral and 165 (20.8%) uniocular. Conclusion: Open-angle glaucoma was most common, and patients presented at a young age with severe eye disease, visual impairment, and blindness.","PeriodicalId":16477,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medicine in the Tropics","volume":"40 44 1","pages":"23 - 28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82977997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01Epub Date: 2021-04-28DOI: 10.4103/jomt.jomt_24_20
Tolulope O Afolaranmi, Zuwaira I Hassan, Obadiah S Pam, Lotanna M Ugwu, Temidayo I Oyegoke, Kayode K Bello, Chundung A Miner, Gabriel O Ogbeyi
Background: Standard safety precautions are essential in health care delivery regardless of the presumed infectious state of the patients. Safe handling practices as detailed in the universal safety precaution guidelines are available to health care workers globally. However, there have been documentation of suboptimal adherence to it especially in the developing countries including Nigeria. Hence, this study was conducted to assess the level of safe handling practices and its determinants among resident doctors in Jos University Teaching Hospital, Plateau state, Nigeria.
Methods: This was a cross sectional study conducted among 192 resident doctors using quantitative method of data collection in 2018.SPSS version 20 was used for data analysis with chi square test used to identify the determinants of safe handling practices. Crude odds ratio as well as 95% confidence interval were used with a p-value of < 0.05 considered statistically significant.
Results: The mean age of the respondents in the study was 33 ± 3 years with 119 (62.0%) of the respondents being males. Good knowledge of infection, prevention and control was reported among 120 (62.5%) while 137 (71.3%) were found to have engaged in safe handling practices. Sex (OR = 4.5; 95% CI = 2.05-9.85) and level of knowledge (OR = 1.97; 95% CI = 1.05-3.72) were found as the determinants of safe handling practice.
Conclusion: This study has brought to light the need for improvement in the level of compliance with safe handling practices as it is far from the optimum.
背景:无论假定患者的感染状态如何，标准的安全预防措施在卫生保健服务中都是必不可少的。全球卫生保健工作者可获得《普遍安全预防指南》中详述的安全处理做法。然而，有文件表明，特别是在包括尼日利亚在内的发展中国家，对它的遵守情况不佳。因此，本研究旨在评估尼日利亚高原州乔斯大学教学医院住院医生的安全处理做法水平及其决定因素。方法:采用定量收集数据的方法，对2018年192名住院医师进行横断面研究。SPSS 20版用于数据分析，卡方检验用于确定安全处理实践的决定因素。采用粗优势比和95%置信区间，p值< 0.05认为有统计学意义。结果:调查对象的平均年龄为33±3岁，男性119人，占62.0%。据报告，120人(62.5%)对感染、预防和控制有良好的了解，137人(71.3%)采取了安全处理方法。性别(OR = 4.5;95% CI = 2.05-9.85)和知识水平(OR = 1.97;95% CI = 1.05-3.72)是安全操作实践的决定因素。结论:这项研究揭示了需要提高安全处理实践的依从性水平，因为它远未达到最佳水平。
{"title":"Assessment of safe handling practices among resident doctors in Jos University Teaching Hospital Plateau state, Nigeria.","authors":"Tolulope O Afolaranmi, Zuwaira I Hassan, Obadiah S Pam, Lotanna M Ugwu, Temidayo I Oyegoke, Kayode K Bello, Chundung A Miner, Gabriel O Ogbeyi","doi":"10.4103/jomt.jomt_24_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jomt.jomt_24_20","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Standard safety precautions are essential in health care delivery regardless of the presumed infectious state of the patients. Safe handling practices as detailed in the universal safety precaution guidelines are available to health care workers globally. However, there have been documentation of suboptimal adherence to it especially in the developing countries including Nigeria. Hence, this study was conducted to assess the level of safe handling practices and its determinants among resident doctors in Jos University Teaching Hospital, Plateau state, Nigeria.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a cross sectional study conducted among 192 resident doctors using quantitative method of data collection in 2018.SPSS version 20 was used for data analysis with chi square test used to identify the determinants of safe handling practices. Crude odds ratio as well as 95% confidence interval were used with a p-value of < 0.05 considered statistically significant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean age of the respondents in the study was 33 ± 3 years with 119 (62.0%) of the respondents being males. Good knowledge of infection, prevention and control was reported among 120 (62.5%) while 137 (71.3%) were found to have engaged in safe handling practices. Sex (OR = 4.5; 95% CI = 2.05-9.85) and level of knowledge (OR = 1.97; 95% CI = 1.05-3.72) were found as the determinants of safe handling practice.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study has brought to light the need for improvement in the level of compliance with safe handling practices as it is far from the optimum.</p>","PeriodicalId":16477,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medicine in the Tropics","volume":"23 1","pages":"76-83"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8211140/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39250049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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