A. Mohammed, A. Rabiu, Bashir O Yusuf, F. Usman, M. Gambo, Rukayya Sidi, I. Garba, Mujahid Hassan
Background: Type of anaesthesia is believed to have a role in neonatal outcomes at birth. Regional anaesthesia is thought to have a better neonatal outcome. We assessed the APGAR scores of neonates, the effect of anesthetic technique and associations between maternal and neonatal variables. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted from 1st August, 2018, to 31st January, 2019, at Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital. Ethics approval was obtained from College of Health Science Ethics Committee, Bayero University Kano. All consenting pregnant women scheduled for elective or emergency caesarean section within the study period were recruited. Information such as anesthesia delivery interval and neonatal outcomes were recorded on a questionnaire. Data collected were analyzed using SPSS version 22.0. Fisher’s Exact Test was used for categorical data, and the P < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: Sixty-six pregnant women were recruited. The mean age (±SD) of the pregnant women was 29.4±5.58 years. Up to 59 patients (89.4%) received subarachnoid block (SAB). Thirty six (54.5%) were delivered within 10 minutes following administration of anesthesia. Most of the newborns had normal heart rate 65 (98.5%) and Apgar scores at 1st and 5th minutes (51 (77.3%), 62 (93.9%) respectively. Only ASA PS class was found to be statistically associated with neonatal Apgar scores at 5th minutes (Fisher’s Exact Test = 0.039). Conclusion: Subarachnoid block was the main anesthesia type for caesarean section and more than half of the patients were delivered following administration of anesthesia within 10 minutes with excellent neonatal outcomes.
{"title":"Neonatal outcomes following caesarean section in Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, North-west Nigeria","authors":"A. Mohammed, A. Rabiu, Bashir O Yusuf, F. Usman, M. Gambo, Rukayya Sidi, I. Garba, Mujahid Hassan","doi":"10.4103/jomt.jomt_47_19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jomt.jomt_47_19","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Type of anaesthesia is believed to have a role in neonatal outcomes at birth. Regional anaesthesia is thought to have a better neonatal outcome. We assessed the APGAR scores of neonates, the effect of anesthetic technique and associations between maternal and neonatal variables. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted from 1st August, 2018, to 31st January, 2019, at Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital. Ethics approval was obtained from College of Health Science Ethics Committee, Bayero University Kano. All consenting pregnant women scheduled for elective or emergency caesarean section within the study period were recruited. Information such as anesthesia delivery interval and neonatal outcomes were recorded on a questionnaire. Data collected were analyzed using SPSS version 22.0. Fisher’s Exact Test was used for categorical data, and the P < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: Sixty-six pregnant women were recruited. The mean age (±SD) of the pregnant women was 29.4±5.58 years. Up to 59 patients (89.4%) received subarachnoid block (SAB). Thirty six (54.5%) were delivered within 10 minutes following administration of anesthesia. Most of the newborns had normal heart rate 65 (98.5%) and Apgar scores at 1st and 5th minutes (51 (77.3%), 62 (93.9%) respectively. Only ASA PS class was found to be statistically associated with neonatal Apgar scores at 5th minutes (Fisher’s Exact Test = 0.039). Conclusion: Subarachnoid block was the main anesthesia type for caesarean section and more than half of the patients were delivered following administration of anesthesia within 10 minutes with excellent neonatal outcomes.","PeriodicalId":16477,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medicine in the Tropics","volume":"5 1","pages":"100 - 107"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90962274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Tracheostomy is the surgical creation of an opening into the trachea. Reported complication rates of tracheostomy are varied and depends on the study design, study population, patients’ follow-up and the definition of the different complications. We reviewed the pattern of tracheostomy-related complications and its determinants. Methods: This study was a 10-year retrospective review of patients who had tracheostomy in the study area between January 2008 to December 2017. Case files of the patients were retrieved, reviewed, and information extracted. Results: Of the 149 patients, the male: female ratio was 3.8:1 with age range of 6 months to 86 years. The peak age group was 1−10 years. Foreign body aspiration and head and neck neoplasia were the two most common admitting diagnoses; 56 (37.6%) and 55 (36.8%) respectively. The most common indication was upper airway obstruction (129, 86.6%). Emergency tracheostomy was most commonly done (126, 84.6%) and majority of the tracheostomies were done under general anaesthesia (101, 67.8%). Trainee ENT surgeons performed the most tracheostomies (108, 72.5%). Surgical decanulation was done for 5 (3.4%) of the patients. The complication and mortality rates were 42.3% and 2.6% respectively. The most common period of complication was early postoperative period (46, 73.0%), and the most common complications were tube blockage and tube displacement (26, 41.3% and 11, 17.5%) respectively. The analyzed variables were not statistically significant determinants of tracheostomy-related complications among the patients. Conclusion: Tracheostomy-related complications are common, usually in the early postoperative period and usually involve blockage or displacement of the tube.
{"title":"Pattern of tracheostomy-related complications and its determinants in Kano: a ten-year single institution experience","authors":"A. Ajiya","doi":"10.4103/jomt.jomt_43_19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jomt.jomt_43_19","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Tracheostomy is the surgical creation of an opening into the trachea. Reported complication rates of tracheostomy are varied and depends on the study design, study population, patients’ follow-up and the definition of the different complications. We reviewed the pattern of tracheostomy-related complications and its determinants. Methods: This study was a 10-year retrospective review of patients who had tracheostomy in the study area between January 2008 to December 2017. Case files of the patients were retrieved, reviewed, and information extracted. Results: Of the 149 patients, the male: female ratio was 3.8:1 with age range of 6 months to 86 years. The peak age group was 1−10 years. Foreign body aspiration and head and neck neoplasia were the two most common admitting diagnoses; 56 (37.6%) and 55 (36.8%) respectively. The most common indication was upper airway obstruction (129, 86.6%). Emergency tracheostomy was most commonly done (126, 84.6%) and majority of the tracheostomies were done under general anaesthesia (101, 67.8%). Trainee ENT surgeons performed the most tracheostomies (108, 72.5%). Surgical decanulation was done for 5 (3.4%) of the patients. The complication and mortality rates were 42.3% and 2.6% respectively. The most common period of complication was early postoperative period (46, 73.0%), and the most common complications were tube blockage and tube displacement (26, 41.3% and 11, 17.5%) respectively. The analyzed variables were not statistically significant determinants of tracheostomy-related complications among the patients. Conclusion: Tracheostomy-related complications are common, usually in the early postoperative period and usually involve blockage or displacement of the tube.","PeriodicalId":16477,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medicine in the Tropics","volume":"453 1","pages":"93 - 99"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82934019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Ejeliogu, A. Uhunmwangho-Courage, E. Yiltok, Mary Bok
Background: Childhood epilepsy causes tremendous burden for the child, the family, the society and the healthcare system. While the majority of patients with epilepsy respond well to one antiepileptic drug (AED), many respond poorly to antiepileptic therapy with two or more AEDs, or develop drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE). We evaluated the short-term treatment outcomes of childhood epilepsy at a tertiary hospital in Nigeria. Methods: We reviewed the clinical records of newly diagnosed children with epilepsy that were commenced on AEDs from January 2011 to December 2015 and completed follow-up for at least 2 years. We evaluated their treatment outcomes and studied the association between the treatment outcomes and patients’ characteristics. Results: Three hundred and twenty-six patients met the eligibility criteria. The remission rate was 64.1%, the relapse rate at 2 years was 5.3% while the prevalence of drug-resistant epilepsy was 19.9%. Children with focal seizures were 1.5 times more likely to achieve remission compared to those with generalized seizures (adjusted odds ratio = 1.52; P = 0.008). Similarly children with normal neurologic examination were about 6 times more likely to achieve remission compared to those with abnormal neurologic examination (adjusted odds ratio = 5.79; P <0.001). Conclusion: Most children with epilepsy will achieve good seizure control if they receive appropriate treatment. We need to create more public awareness on the etiology and treatment of epilepsy in order to reduce the myths and stigma associated with the disorder and improve the long term outcome of childhood epilepsy in our community.
{"title":"Short-term treatment outcome of childhood epilepsy in Jos, Nigeria","authors":"E. Ejeliogu, A. Uhunmwangho-Courage, E. Yiltok, Mary Bok","doi":"10.4103/jomt.jomt_6_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jomt.jomt_6_20","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Childhood epilepsy causes tremendous burden for the child, the family, the society and the healthcare system. While the majority of patients with epilepsy respond well to one antiepileptic drug (AED), many respond poorly to antiepileptic therapy with two or more AEDs, or develop drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE). We evaluated the short-term treatment outcomes of childhood epilepsy at a tertiary hospital in Nigeria. Methods: We reviewed the clinical records of newly diagnosed children with epilepsy that were commenced on AEDs from January 2011 to December 2015 and completed follow-up for at least 2 years. We evaluated their treatment outcomes and studied the association between the treatment outcomes and patients’ characteristics. Results: Three hundred and twenty-six patients met the eligibility criteria. The remission rate was 64.1%, the relapse rate at 2 years was 5.3% while the prevalence of drug-resistant epilepsy was 19.9%. Children with focal seizures were 1.5 times more likely to achieve remission compared to those with generalized seizures (adjusted odds ratio = 1.52; P = 0.008). Similarly children with normal neurologic examination were about 6 times more likely to achieve remission compared to those with abnormal neurologic examination (adjusted odds ratio = 5.79; P <0.001). Conclusion: Most children with epilepsy will achieve good seizure control if they receive appropriate treatment. We need to create more public awareness on the etiology and treatment of epilepsy in order to reduce the myths and stigma associated with the disorder and improve the long term outcome of childhood epilepsy in our community.","PeriodicalId":16477,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medicine in the Tropics","volume":"17 1","pages":"108 - 114"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91083502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tropical diabetic hand syndrome (TDHS) is a less well-recognized complication of diabetes. It is characterized by cellulitis of hand and ends up with limb threatening significant tissue loss, sepsis and in occasion death. When the joint capsule and tendons are exposed in TDHS the digits and the limb and function of the hand are threatened. Loss of thumb of the dominant hand leads to devastating disability. The current case describes successfully managed case of TDHS with threatened thumb and function due to exposed first metacarpophalangeal joint and extensor tendons of the dominant hand.
{"title":"Tropical diabetic hand syndrome: case report of successfully salvaged threatened dominant hand","authors":"K. Rajapaksha","doi":"10.4103/jomt.jomt_20_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jomt.jomt_20_20","url":null,"abstract":"Tropical diabetic hand syndrome (TDHS) is a less well-recognized complication of diabetes. It is characterized by cellulitis of hand and ends up with limb threatening significant tissue loss, sepsis and in occasion death. When the joint capsule and tendons are exposed in TDHS the digits and the limb and function of the hand are threatened. Loss of thumb of the dominant hand leads to devastating disability. The current case describes successfully managed case of TDHS with threatened thumb and function due to exposed first metacarpophalangeal joint and extensor tendons of the dominant hand.","PeriodicalId":16477,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medicine in the Tropics","volume":"31 5","pages":"156 - 159"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91512990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) is a disease of the elderly. Some of the patients with this pathology could develop renal impairment due to the direct effect of obstruction or as a result of intrinsic renal disease. This study aimed to determine the burden and associations of obstructive uropathy and intrinsic renal disease in patients with benign prostatic obstruction in a university teaching hospital in Nigeria. Methods: This was a retrospective study of patients with BPH in our center. Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) was calculated and the severity of renal disease computed. Patients were classified as normal or those with obstructive uropathy and intrinsic renal disease. Patients’ age, diabetes mellitus presence and treatment given were also documented. Results: Obstructive uropathy and intrinsic renal disease occurred in 14 (15.1%) and 12 (12.9%) of the patients respectively. Nephropathy in the setting of obstruction occurred in four (4.3%) of the patients while the GFR was at stage 2 in obstructive uropathy patients who did not have renal impairment. Eight (10.4%) of the patients without nephropathy had diabetes mellitus. There was a significant inverse relationship between the age of presentation and the GFR (P = 0.001, odds ratio = −1.129). Initial urinary drainage delayed definitive surgery in all patients with obstructive nephropathy. Conclusion: The burden of nephropathy in BPH patients is quite considerable. A proportion of those without renal impairment harbour diabetes mellitus which could rapidly tilt obstructive uropathy patients into renal failure.
{"title":"Obstructive uropathy and intrinsic renal disease in patients with benign prostatic obstruction: analysis of burden and associations in a university teaching hospital in Nigeria","authors":"M. Tolani, Muhammed Ahmed, O. Nasir, A. Sudi","doi":"10.4103/jomt.jomt_9_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jomt.jomt_9_20","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) is a disease of the elderly. Some of the patients with this pathology could develop renal impairment due to the direct effect of obstruction or as a result of intrinsic renal disease. This study aimed to determine the burden and associations of obstructive uropathy and intrinsic renal disease in patients with benign prostatic obstruction in a university teaching hospital in Nigeria. Methods: This was a retrospective study of patients with BPH in our center. Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) was calculated and the severity of renal disease computed. Patients were classified as normal or those with obstructive uropathy and intrinsic renal disease. Patients’ age, diabetes mellitus presence and treatment given were also documented. Results: Obstructive uropathy and intrinsic renal disease occurred in 14 (15.1%) and 12 (12.9%) of the patients respectively. Nephropathy in the setting of obstruction occurred in four (4.3%) of the patients while the GFR was at stage 2 in obstructive uropathy patients who did not have renal impairment. Eight (10.4%) of the patients without nephropathy had diabetes mellitus. There was a significant inverse relationship between the age of presentation and the GFR (P = 0.001, odds ratio = −1.129). Initial urinary drainage delayed definitive surgery in all patients with obstructive nephropathy. Conclusion: The burden of nephropathy in BPH patients is quite considerable. A proportion of those without renal impairment harbour diabetes mellitus which could rapidly tilt obstructive uropathy patients into renal failure.","PeriodicalId":16477,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medicine in the Tropics","volume":"21 1","pages":"127 - 132"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72940089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-01Epub Date: 2020-09-11DOI: 10.4103/jomt.jomt_29_20
Tolulope O Afolaranmi, Zuwaira I Hassan
Background: The use of complementary and alternative medicines(CAM) is on the increase globally particularly among those with chronic medical conditions. Imperatively, the treatment outcomes of management of chronic illness is hinged on adherence to prescribed conventional treatment with little or no attention paid to the intent to use or concomitant use of alternative medicines in most treatment settings. Hence, this study assessed the preference for CAM and its predictors as among patients on long-term treatment in Jos University Teaching Hospital.
Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted among 176 patients accessing treatment for chronic medical conditions in Jos University Teaching Hospital using quantitative method of data collection. Epi Info statistical software version 7 was used for data analysis with odds ratio and 95% confidence interval used as point and interval estimates respectively while a P-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: The median age of respondents was 50 (IQR 30-84) years with 83 (47.2%) being 51 years and above. Preference for CAM was reported by 26 (14.8%) with absence of side effects (AOR = 11.3; 95% CI= 5.8299-15.1185) being the sole predictor of preference for CAM.
Conclusion: This study has demonstrated some level of preference for CAM among patients on long term conventional treatment with perceived absence of side effects influencing this preference level.
{"title":"Preference for complementary and alternative medicine among patients on long-term treatment in Jos university teaching hospital, Nigeria.","authors":"Tolulope O Afolaranmi, Zuwaira I Hassan","doi":"10.4103/jomt.jomt_29_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jomt.jomt_29_20","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The use of complementary and alternative medicines(CAM) is on the increase globally particularly among those with chronic medical conditions. Imperatively, the treatment outcomes of management of chronic illness is hinged on adherence to prescribed conventional treatment with little or no attention paid to the intent to use or concomitant use of alternative medicines in most treatment settings. Hence, this study assessed the preference for CAM and its predictors as among patients on long-term treatment in Jos University Teaching Hospital.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a cross-sectional study conducted among 176 patients accessing treatment for chronic medical conditions in Jos University Teaching Hospital using quantitative method of data collection. Epi Info statistical software version 7 was used for data analysis with odds ratio and 95% confidence interval used as point and interval estimates respectively while a <i>P</i>-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The median age of respondents was 50 (IQR 30-84) years with 83 (47.2%) being 51 years and above. Preference for CAM was reported by 26 (14.8%) with absence of side effects (AOR = 11.3; 95% CI= 5.8299-15.1185) being the sole predictor of preference for CAM.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study has demonstrated some level of preference for CAM among patients on long term conventional treatment with perceived absence of side effects influencing this preference level.</p>","PeriodicalId":16477,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medicine in the Tropics","volume":"22 2","pages":"147-152"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8054990/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38893487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Ononuju, Lucky Changkat, Chidozie Adiukwu, Ogedi Okwaraoha, Uzoma Chinaka, Y. Ashuku, Stella Chinaka, Elizabeth Ezeaku, Hassan Ikrama
Background: Oral ribavirin is used as standard post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) in preventing the nosocomial spread of Lassa fever (LF) in outbreaks. This study sought to have an insight into the incidence and case fatality rate of Lassa fever infections, assess the biosocial data and outcome of the healthcare workers who received ribavirin PEP and determine the adverse effects associated with ribavirin PEP therapy at the Dalhatu Araf Specialist Hospital Lafia Nasarawa State Nigeria. Methods: This was a prospective study done between January 2017 to December 2018. Data on biosocial, details of exposure to the Lassa virus, the dosage of ribavirin therapy, adverse effects and outcomes were obtained. Results: The incidence of LF infection was 16% of all suspected cases, with a case fatality rate of 57.1%. General body weakness 30 (44.8%) and loss of appetite 25(37.2%) were the common adverse drug effects reported. The majority of the healthcare workers, 66 (98.5%) remained asymptomatic for secondary LF infection after completion of their oral ribavirin PEP, only, 1 (1.5%) became symptomatic for secondary LF infection, and expired on the sixth-day post-needlestick exposure. Conclusion: Lassa fever infection is common in Nasarawa State, and it is associated with a high case fatality rate. Healthcare workers on duty are at risk of being exposed when adherence to infection prevention and control is inadequate. Oral ribavirin PEP therapy was found to have a low adverse effect profile and efficacious in the prevention of symptomatic secondary LF infection.
{"title":"An insight into Ribavirin post-exposure prophylaxis for Lassa fever infection prevention amongst health-care workers in a specialist hospital in North-Central Nigeria","authors":"C. Ononuju, Lucky Changkat, Chidozie Adiukwu, Ogedi Okwaraoha, Uzoma Chinaka, Y. Ashuku, Stella Chinaka, Elizabeth Ezeaku, Hassan Ikrama","doi":"10.4103/jomt.jomt_8_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jomt.jomt_8_20","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Oral ribavirin is used as standard post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) in preventing the nosocomial spread of Lassa fever (LF) in outbreaks. This study sought to have an insight into the incidence and case fatality rate of Lassa fever infections, assess the biosocial data and outcome of the healthcare workers who received ribavirin PEP and determine the adverse effects associated with ribavirin PEP therapy at the Dalhatu Araf Specialist Hospital Lafia Nasarawa State Nigeria. Methods: This was a prospective study done between January 2017 to December 2018. Data on biosocial, details of exposure to the Lassa virus, the dosage of ribavirin therapy, adverse effects and outcomes were obtained. Results: The incidence of LF infection was 16% of all suspected cases, with a case fatality rate of 57.1%. General body weakness 30 (44.8%) and loss of appetite 25(37.2%) were the common adverse drug effects reported. The majority of the healthcare workers, 66 (98.5%) remained asymptomatic for secondary LF infection after completion of their oral ribavirin PEP, only, 1 (1.5%) became symptomatic for secondary LF infection, and expired on the sixth-day post-needlestick exposure. Conclusion: Lassa fever infection is common in Nasarawa State, and it is associated with a high case fatality rate. Healthcare workers on duty are at risk of being exposed when adherence to infection prevention and control is inadequate. Oral ribavirin PEP therapy was found to have a low adverse effect profile and efficacious in the prevention of symptomatic secondary LF infection.","PeriodicalId":16477,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medicine in the Tropics","volume":"10 1","pages":"122 - 126"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89521014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Adekwu, F. Ibiam, G. Obasikene, M. Agbonifo, S. Unogwu, B. Ezeanolue
Background: Otorhinolaryngology (ORL) cares for pathologies involving the ear, nose, throat, however in the developing countries, it does not attract much patronage from young doctors thereby resulting in shortage of manpower in the subspecialty. This study was to assess the perception of otorhinolaryngology as a career and establish the factors involved in career choice among final year medical students in two universities in a developing country. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study undertaken using a self-administered questionnaire designed to assess the perception and determinants of career choice in ORL which was distributed to consenting final year medical students of the Benue State University (BSU), Makurdi and University of Nigeria (UNN), Enugu Campus. Results: A total of 122 questionnaires with complete data were analysed. Males constituted 65.6% while ages of participants were 21 to 37 years. BSU and UNN had 40 and 82 respondents respectively. Surgical specialties were the most preferred choice in 76 (62.3%) then Internal Medicine in 15 (12.3%). Otorhinolaryngology at 11 (14.5%) was the third preferred surgical specialty. Personal interest (78.4%), mentor influence (7.4%) and financial gain (7.4%) were the main determinants of specialty choice. Majority of the respondents 78 (63.9%) viewed Otorhinolaryngology as important and interesting. Modern teaching aids 24 (19.7%), increase in duration of posting 19 (15.6%), mentorship 15 (12.3%) were top suggestions that may attract interest in ORL. Conclusion: This study found that otorhinolaryngology was the third most preferred surgical subspecialty. Personal interest was the overriding reason for career choice among these medical students.
{"title":"Perception and career choice of otorhinolaryngology among final year medical students: a two centre survey in a developing country","authors":"A. Adekwu, F. Ibiam, G. Obasikene, M. Agbonifo, S. Unogwu, B. Ezeanolue","doi":"10.4103/jomt.jomt_17_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jomt.jomt_17_20","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Otorhinolaryngology (ORL) cares for pathologies involving the ear, nose, throat, however in the developing countries, it does not attract much patronage from young doctors thereby resulting in shortage of manpower in the subspecialty. This study was to assess the perception of otorhinolaryngology as a career and establish the factors involved in career choice among final year medical students in two universities in a developing country. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study undertaken using a self-administered questionnaire designed to assess the perception and determinants of career choice in ORL which was distributed to consenting final year medical students of the Benue State University (BSU), Makurdi and University of Nigeria (UNN), Enugu Campus. Results: A total of 122 questionnaires with complete data were analysed. Males constituted 65.6% while ages of participants were 21 to 37 years. BSU and UNN had 40 and 82 respondents respectively. Surgical specialties were the most preferred choice in 76 (62.3%) then Internal Medicine in 15 (12.3%). Otorhinolaryngology at 11 (14.5%) was the third preferred surgical specialty. Personal interest (78.4%), mentor influence (7.4%) and financial gain (7.4%) were the main determinants of specialty choice. Majority of the respondents 78 (63.9%) viewed Otorhinolaryngology as important and interesting. Modern teaching aids 24 (19.7%), increase in duration of posting 19 (15.6%), mentorship 15 (12.3%) were top suggestions that may attract interest in ORL. Conclusion: This study found that otorhinolaryngology was the third most preferred surgical subspecialty. Personal interest was the overriding reason for career choice among these medical students.","PeriodicalId":16477,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medicine in the Tropics","volume":"130 1","pages":"141 - 146"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76409945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Sleep is a very important physiologic process which is necessary to maintain a state of well-being. Apart from causing insomnia and hypersomnolence, sleep disorder has been shown to be associated with impairment of performance, vigilance, attention, concentration, and memory. Methods: This was a cross-sectional, questionnaire-based, observational study that was conducted from September to November 2017 on final year medical students of the University of Jos, Plateau State, North Central Nigeria. Results: One hundred and fifty-eight questionnaires were distributed with a total of 141 respondents. Their ages ranged from 23 to 46 years with a mean of 27.0 ±2.9 years. Forty-seven (33.3%) were females and 94 (66.7%) males giving a ratio of 1: 2. The female respondents had a mean age of 25.9 ±1.4 years compared to the male respondents 27.5 ±3.3 years. Sixty-four (48.2%) of the students had sleep disorder with narcolepsy as the commonest in over a quarter of respondents. Significant predictors of sleep disorders were male sex and obesity. Conclusion: Sleep disorder is common in final year medical students. There is a need to identify this disorder in these students in order to institute measures that will ameliorate its health consequences in these future healthcare leaders in sub-Saharan Africa.
背景:睡眠是一个非常重要的生理过程，是维持健康状态所必需的。除了引起失眠和嗜睡，睡眠障碍已被证明与表现、警惕性、注意力、注意力和记忆力的损害有关。方法:这是一项横断面、基于问卷的观察性研究，于2017年9月至11月在尼日利亚中北部高原州乔斯大学(University of Jos)的最后一年级医学生中进行。结果:共发放问卷158份，被调查者141人。年龄23 ~ 46岁，平均27.0±2.9岁。女性47例(33.3%)，男性94例(66.7%)，比例为1:2。女性平均年龄25.9±1.4岁，男性平均年龄27.5±3.3岁。64名学生(48.2%)有睡眠障碍，超过四分之一的受访者以嗜睡症最为常见。睡眠障碍的重要预测因素是男性和肥胖。结论:睡眠障碍在高年级医学生中较为常见。有必要确定这些学生的这种疾病，以便采取措施，改善撒哈拉以南非洲这些未来医疗保健领导者的健康后果。
{"title":"Prevalence and pattern of sleep disorder among final year medical students in a teaching hospital in sub-Saharan Africa","authors":"O. Osaigbovo, E. Ogbolu, B. Okeahialam","doi":"10.4103/jomt.jomt_37_19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jomt.jomt_37_19","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Sleep is a very important physiologic process which is necessary to maintain a state of well-being. Apart from causing insomnia and hypersomnolence, sleep disorder has been shown to be associated with impairment of performance, vigilance, attention, concentration, and memory. Methods: This was a cross-sectional, questionnaire-based, observational study that was conducted from September to November 2017 on final year medical students of the University of Jos, Plateau State, North Central Nigeria. Results: One hundred and fifty-eight questionnaires were distributed with a total of 141 respondents. Their ages ranged from 23 to 46 years with a mean of 27.0 ±2.9 years. Forty-seven (33.3%) were females and 94 (66.7%) males giving a ratio of 1: 2. The female respondents had a mean age of 25.9 ±1.4 years compared to the male respondents 27.5 ±3.3 years. Sixty-four (48.2%) of the students had sleep disorder with narcolepsy as the commonest in over a quarter of respondents. Significant predictors of sleep disorders were male sex and obesity. Conclusion: Sleep disorder is common in final year medical students. There is a need to identify this disorder in these students in order to institute measures that will ameliorate its health consequences in these future healthcare leaders in sub-Saharan Africa.","PeriodicalId":16477,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medicine in the Tropics","volume":"614 1","pages":"86 - 92"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80429416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Yiltok, Cordelia Agada, Ruth Zoakah, Aweng Malau, Dooh Tanyishi, E. Ejeliogu, A. Ebonyi
Background: The use of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) helps in HIV viral load suppression and has improved survival of children into adolescence. The aim of the study was to look at the clinical profile and identify factors associated with HIV-viral load suppression among adolescents on long-term cART. Methods: Consenting adolescents aged 10–19 years attending the pediatric and adult antiretroviral therapy (ART) program of Jos University Teaching Hospital (JUTH) were enrolled into the study. A semi-structured interviewer administered questionnaire was used to collect the necessary information like the biodata, educational background, orphan and vulnerable children (OVC) status, and ART use. Self-reported adherence and viral load results were retrieved and data was analyzed using SPSS version 23. Results: A total of 143 were recruited into the study with 87(60.8%) females and 56(39.1%) males. Eighty-one (56.6%) had viral load suppression while 62 (43.4%) had unsuppressed viral load. Forty-three (55.1%) out of the 78 orphaned children had viral suppression and the single orphan type had a better viral load suppression compared to the double orphan type and this was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Adherence to medication, where adolescents lived, if felt like stopping medication or ever stopped medication were significantly associated with viral load suppression (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Virologic suppression was mainly related to adherence, being double orphan, and whom the child lives with. Therefore, additional interventions should be instituted to address adolescent-specific services to enhance virologic suppression among them.
背景:使用联合抗逆转录病毒治疗(cART)有助于抑制HIV病毒载量，并提高儿童进入青春期的存活率。该研究的目的是观察长期接受cART治疗的青少年的临床情况，并确定与hiv病毒载量抑制相关的因素。方法:自愿参加乔斯大学教学医院(Jos University Teaching Hospital, JUTH)儿童和成人抗逆转录病毒治疗(ART)项目的10-19岁青少年为研究对象。采用半结构化访谈问卷收集必要信息，如生物数据、教育背景、孤儿和弱势儿童(OVC)状况和抗逆转录病毒治疗使用情况。检索自我报告的依从性和病毒载量结果，并使用SPSS版本23对数据进行分析。结果:共纳入143例，其中女性87例(60.8%)，男性56例(39.1%)。81例(56.6%)病毒载量被抑制，62例(43.4%)病毒载量未被抑制。78例孤儿中43例(55.1%)出现病毒抑制，单孤儿型病毒载量抑制优于双孤儿型，差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。在青少年生活的地方，是否坚持药物治疗，是否想停止药物治疗或曾经停止药物治疗与病毒载量抑制显著相关(P < 0.05)。结论:病毒学抑制主要与患儿依从性、双孤儿及生活环境有关。因此，应制定额外的干预措施，以解决青少年特定的服务，以加强他们之间的病毒学抑制。
{"title":"Clinical profile and viral load suppression among HIV positive adolescents attending a tertiary hospital in North Central Nigeria","authors":"E. Yiltok, Cordelia Agada, Ruth Zoakah, Aweng Malau, Dooh Tanyishi, E. Ejeliogu, A. Ebonyi","doi":"10.4103/jomt.jomt_13_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jomt.jomt_13_20","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The use of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) helps in HIV viral load suppression and has improved survival of children into adolescence. The aim of the study was to look at the clinical profile and identify factors associated with HIV-viral load suppression among adolescents on long-term cART. Methods: Consenting adolescents aged 10–19 years attending the pediatric and adult antiretroviral therapy (ART) program of Jos University Teaching Hospital (JUTH) were enrolled into the study. A semi-structured interviewer administered questionnaire was used to collect the necessary information like the biodata, educational background, orphan and vulnerable children (OVC) status, and ART use. Self-reported adherence and viral load results were retrieved and data was analyzed using SPSS version 23. Results: A total of 143 were recruited into the study with 87(60.8%) females and 56(39.1%) males. Eighty-one (56.6%) had viral load suppression while 62 (43.4%) had unsuppressed viral load. Forty-three (55.1%) out of the 78 orphaned children had viral suppression and the single orphan type had a better viral load suppression compared to the double orphan type and this was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Adherence to medication, where adolescents lived, if felt like stopping medication or ever stopped medication were significantly associated with viral load suppression (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Virologic suppression was mainly related to adherence, being double orphan, and whom the child lives with. Therefore, additional interventions should be instituted to address adolescent-specific services to enhance virologic suppression among them.","PeriodicalId":16477,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medicine in the Tropics","volume":"12 1","pages":"133 - 140"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74318463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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