I. Kefas, E. Envuladu, C. Miner, B. Pokop, J. Daboer, M. Chingle, M. Banwat, A. Zoakah
Background: The burden of HIV has effects on Health-related quality of life (HRQOL). HRQOL assessment is an essential tool in understanding the patient perspective of their quality of life. This study aimed to determine and compare the HRQOL of HIV infected and non-infected adults in Jos North, Plateau State. Method: This was a comparative cross-sectional study conducted in Jos North LGA between January-March 2018. One hundred and seventy-eight of HIV infected and non-infected adults who met the inclusion criteria were selected using a multistage sampling technique. We used a WHOQOL-HIV Bref questionnaire to collect information. We calculated the difference in domain mean score using student t-test and determine factors associated with HRQOL using Chi-square test and logistic regressions at the 5 % level of significance. Statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS version 23.0. Results: The mean ages of HIV infected and non-infected respondents were 38 ± 9 and 35 ± 10 years, respectively. The overall HRQOL mean score for HIV infected was 3.98 ± 0.70 and 4.06 ± 0.60 for non- infected adults, and this was comparative (P = 0.223). In all the domains, the HRQOL mean scores were significantly different between the HIV infected and non-infected except physical domain (P = 0.962). The odds of good HRQOL was higher among those with tertiary education [aOR:8.33; 95%CI: 2.4–29.3] and those employed [aOR:2.34; 95%CI: 1.1–5.2] among HIV infected respondents. Conclusions: This study showed that the overall HRQOL of HIV infected and non-infected adults were similar in Jos North LGA. However, there was a significant difference in all the domains except for physical domain.
背景:HIV负担对健康相关生活质量(HRQOL)有影响。HRQOL评估是了解患者对其生活质量看法的重要工具。本研究旨在确定和比较高原州Jos North HIV感染者和未感染者的HRQOL。方法:这是一项比较横断面研究，于2018年1月至3月在Jos North LGA进行。采用多阶段抽样技术，选择了178名符合纳入标准的艾滋病毒感染者和非感染者。我们使用WHOQOL-HIV简短问卷收集信息。我们使用学生t检验计算域平均得分的差异，并使用卡方检验和5%显著性水平的logistic回归确定与HRQOL相关的因素。采用SPSS 23.0版本进行统计分析。结果:HIV感染者和非感染者的平均年龄分别为38±9岁和35±10岁。HIV感染者的HRQOL平均评分为3.98±0.70，未感染者的HRQOL平均评分为4.06±0.60，两组比较差异有统计学意义(P = 0.223)。在各领域，除物理领域外，HIV感染者与非HIV感染者的HRQOL平均得分差异均有统计学意义(P = 0.962)。受过高等教育的患者获得良好HRQOL的几率更高[aOR:8.33;95%CI: 2.4-29.3]和在职人员[aOR:2.34;95%CI: 1.1-5.2]。结论:本研究表明，Jos North LGA的HIV感染者和未感染者的总体HRQOL相似。然而，除物理领域外，所有领域均存在显著差异。
{"title":"Overall health-related quality of life of HIV infected and non-infected adults in Jos North Local Government Area, Plateau State","authors":"I. Kefas, E. Envuladu, C. Miner, B. Pokop, J. Daboer, M. Chingle, M. Banwat, A. Zoakah","doi":"10.4103/jomt.jomt_25_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jomt.jomt_25_20","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The burden of HIV has effects on Health-related quality of life (HRQOL). HRQOL assessment is an essential tool in understanding the patient perspective of their quality of life. This study aimed to determine and compare the HRQOL of HIV infected and non-infected adults in Jos North, Plateau State. Method: This was a comparative cross-sectional study conducted in Jos North LGA between January-March 2018. One hundred and seventy-eight of HIV infected and non-infected adults who met the inclusion criteria were selected using a multistage sampling technique. We used a WHOQOL-HIV Bref questionnaire to collect information. We calculated the difference in domain mean score using student t-test and determine factors associated with HRQOL using Chi-square test and logistic regressions at the 5 % level of significance. Statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS version 23.0. Results: The mean ages of HIV infected and non-infected respondents were 38 ± 9 and 35 ± 10 years, respectively. The overall HRQOL mean score for HIV infected was 3.98 ± 0.70 and 4.06 ± 0.60 for non- infected adults, and this was comparative (P = 0.223). In all the domains, the HRQOL mean scores were significantly different between the HIV infected and non-infected except physical domain (P = 0.962). The odds of good HRQOL was higher among those with tertiary education [aOR:8.33; 95%CI: 2.4–29.3] and those employed [aOR:2.34; 95%CI: 1.1–5.2] among HIV infected respondents. Conclusions: This study showed that the overall HRQOL of HIV infected and non-infected adults were similar in Jos North LGA. However, there was a significant difference in all the domains except for physical domain.","PeriodicalId":16477,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medicine in the Tropics","volume":"25 1","pages":"68 - 75"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77363416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: In contemporary practice, multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging has become a useful tool to differentiate between prostate cancers of high and low aggressiveness, reduce misdiagnosis, overdiagnosis and therefore overtreatment. This article aims to provide a concise review of the multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) of the prostate, its interpretation and its role in the current management of prostate cancer. Methods: his was a narrative review of the contemporary role of the mpMRI in the management of prostate cancer. The databases and journals in urology and radiology were searched for relevant and contemporary existing literature on the subject. Results: We reviewed the technical aspects of the mpMRI of the prostate, describing the T-2 weighted imaging, the diffusion weighted imaging and the dynamic contrast enhanced imaging as well as the magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the prostate. We also reviewed the current interpretation and reporting of the mpMRI of the prostate using the PI-RADS; as well as the contemporary role of the mpMRI in prostate cancer management. Conclusion: The mpMRI is technologically robust and fast evolving imaging modality that has become a significant tool in the diagnosis, staging and treatment planning of prostate cancer.
{"title":"Contemporary role of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging in the management of prostate cancer","authors":"I. Akpayak, Kenis Felangu, Lemech E. Nabasu","doi":"10.4103/jomt.jomt_22_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jomt.jomt_22_20","url":null,"abstract":"Background: In contemporary practice, multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging has become a useful tool to differentiate between prostate cancers of high and low aggressiveness, reduce misdiagnosis, overdiagnosis and therefore overtreatment. This article aims to provide a concise review of the multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) of the prostate, its interpretation and its role in the current management of prostate cancer. Methods: his was a narrative review of the contemporary role of the mpMRI in the management of prostate cancer. The databases and journals in urology and radiology were searched for relevant and contemporary existing literature on the subject. Results: We reviewed the technical aspects of the mpMRI of the prostate, describing the T-2 weighted imaging, the diffusion weighted imaging and the dynamic contrast enhanced imaging as well as the magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the prostate. We also reviewed the current interpretation and reporting of the mpMRI of the prostate using the PI-RADS; as well as the contemporary role of the mpMRI in prostate cancer management. Conclusion: The mpMRI is technologically robust and fast evolving imaging modality that has become a significant tool in the diagnosis, staging and treatment planning of prostate cancer.","PeriodicalId":16477,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medicine in the Tropics","volume":"50 1","pages":"1 - 10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85091213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Ajani, B. Awosusi, S. Omenai, O. Adegoke, T. Ajani
Background: Appendicitis is most common between the ages of 10 and 20 years, although all ages can be affected. Acute appendicitis is the most common cause of acute surgical abdomen worldwide and its incidence varies with geographical location. The aim of this study was to review all the inflammatory lesions of the surgically removed appendix in University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria and to describe the histopathological patterns of these lesions. Methods: This study was a retrospective review of all appendectomy specimens submitted to the Department of Pathology, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria from January 2009 to December 2018. Patients’ biodata, clinical parameters, and histological diagnoses were extracted from departmental surgical day books. The data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics (version 23; IBM Corporation, Armonk, New York) and expressed as frequency distribution. Results: A total of 1071 appendectomy specimens were received in our laboratory during the 10-year study period, accounting for 3% of all specimens received. There were 1062 cases of inflammatory lesions, accounting for 99.2% of the cases. There was a male preponderance with male to female ratio of 1.2:1. The age was from 1 to 83 years. The most common histological diagnosis was acute suppurative appendicitis with peritonitis accounting for 47.6% of all the cases. Conclusion: The findings in our study supports the fact that acute suppurative appendicitis is the most common inflammatory disease of the appendix which is consistent with other similar studies that have been done in our environment and in the developed world.
{"title":"Patterns of inflammatory lesions of the appendix in a Nigerian Tertiary Health Facility","authors":"M. Ajani, B. Awosusi, S. Omenai, O. Adegoke, T. Ajani","doi":"10.4103/jomt.jomt_41_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jomt.jomt_41_20","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Appendicitis is most common between the ages of 10 and 20 years, although all ages can be affected. Acute appendicitis is the most common cause of acute surgical abdomen worldwide and its incidence varies with geographical location. The aim of this study was to review all the inflammatory lesions of the surgically removed appendix in University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria and to describe the histopathological patterns of these lesions. Methods: This study was a retrospective review of all appendectomy specimens submitted to the Department of Pathology, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria from January 2009 to December 2018. Patients’ biodata, clinical parameters, and histological diagnoses were extracted from departmental surgical day books. The data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics (version 23; IBM Corporation, Armonk, New York) and expressed as frequency distribution. Results: A total of 1071 appendectomy specimens were received in our laboratory during the 10-year study period, accounting for 3% of all specimens received. There were 1062 cases of inflammatory lesions, accounting for 99.2% of the cases. There was a male preponderance with male to female ratio of 1.2:1. The age was from 1 to 83 years. The most common histological diagnosis was acute suppurative appendicitis with peritonitis accounting for 47.6% of all the cases. Conclusion: The findings in our study supports the fact that acute suppurative appendicitis is the most common inflammatory disease of the appendix which is consistent with other similar studies that have been done in our environment and in the developed world.","PeriodicalId":16477,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medicine in the Tropics","volume":"2 1","pages":"35 - 38"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89182315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Sulaiman, M. Aminu, Elijah Ekah Ella, I. Abdullahi
Background: Escherichia albertii is an enteric bacteria associated with infectious gastroenteritis. However, information on this organism remains scant in Nigeria. The work was aimed at determining the prevalence of E. albertii among gastroenteritis patients (GEP) in relation to some risk and demographic factors. Methods: The study was a cross-sectional hospital-based research. A total of 540 stool samples, 450 from GEPs and 90 from apparently healthy individuals, were screened for the pathogen. The isolates were characterized by using both conventional and molecular techniques. Data were obtained using a structured questionnaire and were analyzed for the determination of some risk and demographic factors. Odds ratio and chi-square were used to ascertain the relationship between the factors and the disease. Results: Escherichia albertii was detected with an overall prevalence of 1.1%, which was 1.3% and 0% in the GEPs and apparently healthy individuals, respectively (Odd ratio = 2.6468, 95% CI, 0.1478–47.4042). Diarrhea and abdominal pain were statistically the significant manifestations of the disease. There was an equal prevalence in both males and females (1.3%), however, by chance higher (2.1%) among children aged 0 to 10 years. Additionally, primary school as the highest educational status and open defecation were found to be the risk factors of the infection. Conclusions: Escherichia albertii should be routinely targeted diagnostically in the patients presented with gastroenteritis in the studied area. Neither gender nor age was a risk factor, however open defecation was a significant risk factor of the disease.
{"title":"Prevalence and risks factors of the novel Escherichia albertii among gastroenteritis patients in Kano State, Nigeria","authors":"M. Sulaiman, M. Aminu, Elijah Ekah Ella, I. Abdullahi","doi":"10.4103/jomt.jomt_34_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jomt.jomt_34_20","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Escherichia albertii is an enteric bacteria associated with infectious gastroenteritis. However, information on this organism remains scant in Nigeria. The work was aimed at determining the prevalence of E. albertii among gastroenteritis patients (GEP) in relation to some risk and demographic factors. Methods: The study was a cross-sectional hospital-based research. A total of 540 stool samples, 450 from GEPs and 90 from apparently healthy individuals, were screened for the pathogen. The isolates were characterized by using both conventional and molecular techniques. Data were obtained using a structured questionnaire and were analyzed for the determination of some risk and demographic factors. Odds ratio and chi-square were used to ascertain the relationship between the factors and the disease. Results: Escherichia albertii was detected with an overall prevalence of 1.1%, which was 1.3% and 0% in the GEPs and apparently healthy individuals, respectively (Odd ratio = 2.6468, 95% CI, 0.1478–47.4042). Diarrhea and abdominal pain were statistically the significant manifestations of the disease. There was an equal prevalence in both males and females (1.3%), however, by chance higher (2.1%) among children aged 0 to 10 years. Additionally, primary school as the highest educational status and open defecation were found to be the risk factors of the infection. Conclusions: Escherichia albertii should be routinely targeted diagnostically in the patients presented with gastroenteritis in the studied area. Neither gender nor age was a risk factor, however open defecation was a significant risk factor of the disease.","PeriodicalId":16477,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medicine in the Tropics","volume":"59 1","pages":"39 - 45"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90567568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Shuaibu, Ifiok P. Umana, Olutayo Osunaiye, Bem Jila, I. Akpayak, C. G. Ofoha
Background Malignant ureteric obstruction is often associated with end-stage cancer arising from the cervix, bladder, prostate and other pelvic organs. We reviewed palliative therapeutic options and outcome of patients with bilateral malignant ureteric obstruction at the Jos University Teaching Hospital (JUTH). Methods This was a retrospective cross-sectional study. Data from patients managed by the Urology division of JUTH for patients with bilateral ureteric obstruction of malignant cause over a period of 10 years were reviewed. Patients’ age, cause of malignant ureteric obstruction and types of interventions carried out were extracted. In addition, mean serum creatinine level at presentation and one-month post intervention were analysed. The overall patient survival over a 6-month period was evaluated. Data were analysed using SPSS version 23. Result 24 patients managed within the period of the study had complete data for analysis. The age range was 43-73years with a median of 49 years. Majority (79.2%) of patients were female. 54.2% of the patients had open nephrostomy. Retrograde ureteric stent insertion (16.6%) and permanent haemodialysis (29.2%) were the other palliative management options. Open nephrostomy offered the most significant improvement in biochemical outcome at one-month post intervention (P = 0.039). 41.6% of patients were alive at 6 months post intervention. None of the treatment options conferred survival advantage over the others. Conclusion Open nephrostomy is the most common palliative management option for patients with bilateral malignant ureteric obstruction at JUTH and achieves the most significant biochemical improvement. No palliative management option conferred superior survival outcome among the patients.
背景:恶性输尿管梗阻常与发生于子宫颈、膀胱、前列腺和其他盆腔器官的终末期癌症有关。我们回顾了Jos大学教学医院(JUTH)双侧恶性输尿管梗阻患者的姑息治疗选择和结果。方法采用回顾性横断面研究。我们回顾了10年来JUTH泌尿外科治疗双侧输尿管恶性梗阻患者的资料。提取患者年龄、恶性输尿管梗阻原因及采取的干预措施类型。此外，还分析了发病时和干预后1个月的平均血清肌酐水平。评估患者在6个月期间的总生存率。数据分析采用SPSS version 23。结果24例患者在研究期间有完整的数据可供分析。年龄范围43-73岁，中位数49岁。女性占绝大多数(79.2%)。54.2%的患者行开放性肾造口术。输尿管逆行支架置入(16.6%)和永久性血液透析(29.2%)是其他姑息性管理选择。在干预后1个月，开放式肾造口术对生化指标的改善最为显著(P = 0.039)。41.6%的患者在干预后6个月存活。没有一种治疗方案比其他治疗方案具有生存优势。结论开放肾造口术是JUTH双侧恶性输尿管梗阻患者最常见的姑息治疗选择，生化改善效果最显著。在患者中，没有姑息治疗方案能带来更好的生存结果。
{"title":"Palliative management of bilateral malignant ureteric obstruction","authors":"S. Shuaibu, Ifiok P. Umana, Olutayo Osunaiye, Bem Jila, I. Akpayak, C. G. Ofoha","doi":"10.4103/jomt.jomt_26_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jomt.jomt_26_20","url":null,"abstract":"Background Malignant ureteric obstruction is often associated with end-stage cancer arising from the cervix, bladder, prostate and other pelvic organs. We reviewed palliative therapeutic options and outcome of patients with bilateral malignant ureteric obstruction at the Jos University Teaching Hospital (JUTH). Methods This was a retrospective cross-sectional study. Data from patients managed by the Urology division of JUTH for patients with bilateral ureteric obstruction of malignant cause over a period of 10 years were reviewed. Patients’ age, cause of malignant ureteric obstruction and types of interventions carried out were extracted. In addition, mean serum creatinine level at presentation and one-month post intervention were analysed. The overall patient survival over a 6-month period was evaluated. Data were analysed using SPSS version 23. Result 24 patients managed within the period of the study had complete data for analysis. The age range was 43-73years with a median of 49 years. Majority (79.2%) of patients were female. 54.2% of the patients had open nephrostomy. Retrograde ureteric stent insertion (16.6%) and permanent haemodialysis (29.2%) were the other palliative management options. Open nephrostomy offered the most significant improvement in biochemical outcome at one-month post intervention (P = 0.039). 41.6% of patients were alive at 6 months post intervention. None of the treatment options conferred survival advantage over the others. Conclusion Open nephrostomy is the most common palliative management option for patients with bilateral malignant ureteric obstruction at JUTH and achieves the most significant biochemical improvement. No palliative management option conferred superior survival outcome among the patients.","PeriodicalId":16477,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medicine in the Tropics","volume":"2021 1","pages":"64 - 67"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82054727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Manko, A. Jabir, Ahmadu Bello, A. Liman, S. Mustapha
Autoimmune hepatitis is an unrelenting inflammation of the liver of unknown etiology. It is a relatively rare disease that commonly affects women and mostly present as chronic hepatitis. It is basically classified into types 1 and 2. The patient is a 56 year old Northern Nigerian woman with background thyroid disease and rheumatoid arthritis who presented with jaundice and fatigue and elevated liver enzymes with increased serum total protein and low serum albumin. Further evaluation showed non-reactive hepatitis B and C markers, features of chronic liver disease on abdominal ultrasound scanning, elevated anti-nuclear and anti-smooth muscle antibodies and increased serum IgG. Liver histology showed features of chronic hepatitis consistent with AIH. Diagnosis of AIH type 1 was eventually made and patient was started on prednisolone and azathioprine combination therapy with improvement of liver function test few weeks after commencement of therapy. To the best of our knowledge, only 2 cases of AIH has been reported in Nigeria, all from Ibadan, Southern Nigeria. No report of AIH from Northern Nigeria. We therefore report a case of AIH type 1 to increase awareness among clinicians.
{"title":"Autoimmune hepatitis in a Northern Nigerian woman","authors":"M. Manko, A. Jabir, Ahmadu Bello, A. Liman, S. Mustapha","doi":"10.4103/jomt.jomt_37_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jomt.jomt_37_20","url":null,"abstract":"Autoimmune hepatitis is an unrelenting inflammation of the liver of unknown etiology. It is a relatively rare disease that commonly affects women and mostly present as chronic hepatitis. It is basically classified into types 1 and 2. The patient is a 56 year old Northern Nigerian woman with background thyroid disease and rheumatoid arthritis who presented with jaundice and fatigue and elevated liver enzymes with increased serum total protein and low serum albumin. Further evaluation showed non-reactive hepatitis B and C markers, features of chronic liver disease on abdominal ultrasound scanning, elevated anti-nuclear and anti-smooth muscle antibodies and increased serum IgG. Liver histology showed features of chronic hepatitis consistent with AIH. Diagnosis of AIH type 1 was eventually made and patient was started on prednisolone and azathioprine combination therapy with improvement of liver function test few weeks after commencement of therapy. To the best of our knowledge, only 2 cases of AIH has been reported in Nigeria, all from Ibadan, Southern Nigeria. No report of AIH from Northern Nigeria. We therefore report a case of AIH type 1 to increase awareness among clinicians.","PeriodicalId":16477,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medicine in the Tropics","volume":"38 1","pages":"84 - 87"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80760951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
O. Ojogba, A. Grace, T. Bose, E. Esther, O. Inyang, Izang Abel, Obishakin Emmanuel, D. Nanma, O. Kenneth, Echeonwu Bobmanuel, S. Solomon, E. Daniel, Novitsky Vladimir
Background: Fungal sepsis in neonates is still one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality despite advances in health care. This study aimed to characterize fungal agents of sepsis in neonates and their susceptibility pattern. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study among neonates in two tertiary health care facilities in Jos. Neonates with sepsis whose parents consented to the study were recruited based on the Integrated Management of Childhood Illnesses(IMCI) criteria. Blood sample was collected for culture, antifungal susceptibility test and molecular characterization of fungal agents isolated from blood culture of the neonates was performed using the ribosomal DNA (rDNA) of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region. Univariate and bivariate analysis was carried out using STATA statistical software (version 14 IC). Results: The prevalence of fungal sepsis in neonates was 5.5%. Candida albicans was responsible for 11 of the 20 cases of neonatal fungal sepsis. All the fungal isolates were susceptible to the antifungal agents used except for a little resistance by C. glabrata observed to amphotericin B (%R=0.3). Bayesian analysis confirmed the major phylogenetic relationships among the isolates and molecular identification of the different Candida species. Conclusion: Candida albicans are the major cause of neonatal fungal sepsis. The study highlights the need to evaluate the causes of neonatal fungal sepsis, their antifungal susceptibility pattern and molecular characterization for early implementation of medical intervention to reduce the morbidity and mortality.
{"title":"Neonatal fungal sepsis in Jos North-Central Nigeria","authors":"O. Ojogba, A. Grace, T. Bose, E. Esther, O. Inyang, Izang Abel, Obishakin Emmanuel, D. Nanma, O. Kenneth, Echeonwu Bobmanuel, S. Solomon, E. Daniel, Novitsky Vladimir","doi":"10.4103/jomt.jomt_29_19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jomt.jomt_29_19","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Fungal sepsis in neonates is still one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality despite advances in health care. This study aimed to characterize fungal agents of sepsis in neonates and their susceptibility pattern. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study among neonates in two tertiary health care facilities in Jos. Neonates with sepsis whose parents consented to the study were recruited based on the Integrated Management of Childhood Illnesses(IMCI) criteria. Blood sample was collected for culture, antifungal susceptibility test and molecular characterization of fungal agents isolated from blood culture of the neonates was performed using the ribosomal DNA (rDNA) of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region. Univariate and bivariate analysis was carried out using STATA statistical software (version 14 IC). Results: The prevalence of fungal sepsis in neonates was 5.5%. Candida albicans was responsible for 11 of the 20 cases of neonatal fungal sepsis. All the fungal isolates were susceptible to the antifungal agents used except for a little resistance by C. glabrata observed to amphotericin B (%R=0.3). Bayesian analysis confirmed the major phylogenetic relationships among the isolates and molecular identification of the different Candida species. Conclusion: Candida albicans are the major cause of neonatal fungal sepsis. The study highlights the need to evaluate the causes of neonatal fungal sepsis, their antifungal susceptibility pattern and molecular characterization for early implementation of medical intervention to reduce the morbidity and mortality.","PeriodicalId":16477,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medicine in the Tropics","volume":"4 1","pages":"80 - 85"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84279630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Open reduction and intramedullary locked nailing using external jig (usually without intra-operative imaging) is gaining widespread popularity in developing and resource-poor countries for the management of lower limb long bone shaft fractures. I share our experience using the “Greens” instrumentation in the treatment of femoral and tibial shaft fractures in a private health facility in Delta State, Nigeria. Methods: This was a retrospective review of patients who had lower limb long bone shaft fractures seen and treated with open intramedullary nailing at a private health facility in Warri, Delta state Nigeria, over a five year period. Results: There were 20 patients with 21 lower limb long bone shaft fractures made of 13 males and 7 females (M:F = 1.5:1). Average age of patients was 42±18 years. Fifty per cent of the fractures were caused by RTA. The femur was affected in 19 fractures (90.5%) and 2 fractures affected the tibia (9.5%). Three of the fractures were open. Sixteen patients presented fresh (within 2 weeks of fracture) while the rest 4 presented at an average of 7.8±1.5 months post fracture with various complications after treatment elsewhere. All patients except 1 had open nailing. Average length of hospital stay was 19.0±9.3 days. The average time between surgery and partial weight bearing was 10.0±6.7 weeks while mean time to full weight bearing was 18.5± 6.7 weeks. Complications included deep infections in 2 patients, distal screw displacement due to early weight (against instruction) in 1 patient, delayed union in 1 patient and death of 3 patients. Conclusion: Open IM nailing of femoral and tibial shaft fractures with the “Greens” instrumentation is an effective treatment method in resource-poor settings like ours where intra-operative imaging is not readily available.
{"title":"Open intramedullary nailing using ‘Greens Instrumentation’ in the treatment of femoral and tibial shaft fractures: a 5 years review of cases in a private health facility in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria","authors":"D. Odatuwa-Omagbemi","doi":"10.4103/jomt.jomt_7_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jomt.jomt_7_20","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Open reduction and intramedullary locked nailing using external jig (usually without intra-operative imaging) is gaining widespread popularity in developing and resource-poor countries for the management of lower limb long bone shaft fractures. I share our experience using the “Greens” instrumentation in the treatment of femoral and tibial shaft fractures in a private health facility in Delta State, Nigeria. Methods: This was a retrospective review of patients who had lower limb long bone shaft fractures seen and treated with open intramedullary nailing at a private health facility in Warri, Delta state Nigeria, over a five year period. Results: There were 20 patients with 21 lower limb long bone shaft fractures made of 13 males and 7 females (M:F = 1.5:1). Average age of patients was 42±18 years. Fifty per cent of the fractures were caused by RTA. The femur was affected in 19 fractures (90.5%) and 2 fractures affected the tibia (9.5%). Three of the fractures were open. Sixteen patients presented fresh (within 2 weeks of fracture) while the rest 4 presented at an average of 7.8±1.5 months post fracture with various complications after treatment elsewhere. All patients except 1 had open nailing. Average length of hospital stay was 19.0±9.3 days. The average time between surgery and partial weight bearing was 10.0±6.7 weeks while mean time to full weight bearing was 18.5± 6.7 weeks. Complications included deep infections in 2 patients, distal screw displacement due to early weight (against instruction) in 1 patient, delayed union in 1 patient and death of 3 patients. Conclusion: Open IM nailing of femoral and tibial shaft fractures with the “Greens” instrumentation is an effective treatment method in resource-poor settings like ours where intra-operative imaging is not readily available.","PeriodicalId":16477,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medicine in the Tropics","volume":"96 1","pages":"115 - 121"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87821926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Ononuju, Y. Ashuku, Lucky Changkat, Uzoma Chinaka, Elizabeth Ezeaku, B. Okwaraoha
Imperforate hymen often is not diagnosed until an adolescent girl presents with complaints of primary amenorrhea and cyclical pelvic pains. We report the case of a 15-year old girl with a family history of imperforate hymen that presented with complaints of progressive lower abdominal pains and distention, and primary amenorrhea. A diagnosis of Imperforate hymen was made by history, findings at physical examination and trans-abdominal ultrasonography. She subsequently had hymenotomy for hematocolpometra. Her postoperative recovery was normal and her menstruation became regular.
{"title":"Familial imperforate hymen in an adolescent girl: presenting as acute lower abdominal pains and distention − a case report and review of literature","authors":"C. Ononuju, Y. Ashuku, Lucky Changkat, Uzoma Chinaka, Elizabeth Ezeaku, B. Okwaraoha","doi":"10.4103/jomt.jomt_46_19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jomt.jomt_46_19","url":null,"abstract":"Imperforate hymen often is not diagnosed until an adolescent girl presents with complaints of primary amenorrhea and cyclical pelvic pains. We report the case of a 15-year old girl with a family history of imperforate hymen that presented with complaints of progressive lower abdominal pains and distention, and primary amenorrhea. A diagnosis of Imperforate hymen was made by history, findings at physical examination and trans-abdominal ultrasonography. She subsequently had hymenotomy for hematocolpometra. Her postoperative recovery was normal and her menstruation became regular.","PeriodicalId":16477,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medicine in the Tropics","volume":"1 1","pages":"153 - 155"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88322933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Olorukooba, A. Adamu, S. Asuke, U. Muhammad, L. Amadu, A. Lawal
Background: Teachers are known to be possibly the closest observers of school children and can play a contributory role in detecting disabilities early in children. Also attitudes of teachers towards their students play an important role in student’s academic performance. Our study aimed to determine the perception and attitude of school teachers towards children with disabilities. Methods: A cross-sectional, questionnaire-based study was conducted among teachers in schools in Samaru community. Teachers were recruited using a two-stage, multi-stage sampling technique. Attitude was measured using scoring system adapted from the Attitude Towards Disabled Persons (ATDP) scale. Results: The mean age ± SD of respondents was 32.9± 9.2 years. A large proportion; 43 (44.8%) perceived disabled children as children with physical problems only. The mean attitude score±SD was 67.30±14.22. Majority; 73(69.5%) had a positive attitude towards children with disability. There was a statistically significant relationship between attitude of the respondents and frequency of contact with disabled persons (X2 = 6.430, P = 0.011). Conclusion: There is poor understanding of the concept of disability among the teachers studied. However, majority had positive attitude towards children with disability. There is the need to improve the perception and understanding of teachers regarding disability through the LGA school authorities by introduction of pre-service trainings as well as re-trainings which will better prepare them towards attending to children with disabilities.
背景:众所周知，教师可能是在校儿童最密切的观察者，可以在儿童早期发现残疾方面发挥重要作用。此外，教师对学生的态度对学生的学习成绩也起着重要的作用。本研究旨在了解学校教师对残疾儿童的认知与态度。方法:采用横断面、问卷调查法对萨马鲁社区学校教师进行调查。教师招募采用两阶段，多阶段抽样技术。态度的测量采用对残疾人态度(ATDP)量表改编的评分系统。结果:被调查者的平均年龄±SD为32.9±9.2岁。很大的比例;43人(44.8%)认为残疾儿童只存在身体问题。平均态度评分±SD为67.30±14.22。多数;73人(69.5%)对残疾儿童持积极态度。被调查者的态度与接触残疾人的次数有统计学意义(X2 = 6.430, P = 0.011)。结论:受访教师对残疾概念的理解程度较低。然而，大多数人对残疾儿童持积极态度。有必要通过LGA学校当局引入职前培训和再培训来提高教师对残疾的认识和理解，这将使他们更好地为照顾残疾儿童做好准备。
{"title":"Perception and attitude of school teachers toward children with disability in an urban community, Northwest Nigeria","authors":"A. Olorukooba, A. Adamu, S. Asuke, U. Muhammad, L. Amadu, A. Lawal","doi":"10.4103/jomt.jomt_11_19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jomt.jomt_11_19","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Teachers are known to be possibly the closest observers of school children and can play a contributory role in detecting disabilities early in children. Also attitudes of teachers towards their students play an important role in student’s academic performance. Our study aimed to determine the perception and attitude of school teachers towards children with disabilities. Methods: A cross-sectional, questionnaire-based study was conducted among teachers in schools in Samaru community. Teachers were recruited using a two-stage, multi-stage sampling technique. Attitude was measured using scoring system adapted from the Attitude Towards Disabled Persons (ATDP) scale. Results: The mean age ± SD of respondents was 32.9± 9.2 years. A large proportion; 43 (44.8%) perceived disabled children as children with physical problems only. The mean attitude score±SD was 67.30±14.22. Majority; 73(69.5%) had a positive attitude towards children with disability. There was a statistically significant relationship between attitude of the respondents and frequency of contact with disabled persons (X2 = 6.430, P = 0.011). Conclusion: There is poor understanding of the concept of disability among the teachers studied. However, majority had positive attitude towards children with disability. There is the need to improve the perception and understanding of teachers regarding disability through the LGA school authorities by introduction of pre-service trainings as well as re-trainings which will better prepare them towards attending to children with disabilities.","PeriodicalId":16477,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medicine in the Tropics","volume":"28 1","pages":"73 - 79"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83493439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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