Journal of Medicine in the Tropics最新文献_第4页

Hypoglycemic effect of aqueous leaf extract of Senna singueana on alloxan-induced diabetic wistar rats 番泻叶水提物对四氧嘧啶诱导的糖尿病大鼠的降糖作用

Journal of Medicine in the Tropics

Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.4103/jomt.jomt_35_19

I. Mukhtar, B. Yakasai, Dalhat Firdausi

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder with significant morbidity, mortality, and high cost of care. Rising cost of treatment and incidence of the disease coupled with poor access to health facilities have compelled people to resort to use of plant products as sources of remedy. One of such plant that is been used as remedy for diabetes is Senna singueana. Aim: The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of aqueous leaf extract of Senna singueana on blood glucose level. Materials and Methods: Sixteen adult wistar rats weighing 80–120g randomly divided in to 4 groups (A–D) of four rats each were used for the study. Groups A and B served as normal and diabetic controls respectively. Diabetes was induced with 150 mg/Kg body weight (b.w) in groups B, C, and D intraperitoneally. Groups A and B received normal saline at 5 mL/Kg b.w while groups C and D were treated with 250 mg/Kg b.w of aqueous leaf extract of Senna singuea and 5 mg/Kg b.w of glibenclamide daily for 5 days, respectively. Blood glucose concentration was measured before induction of diabetes, 48 hours after induction but before treatment with extract, and 5 days after daily administration of the extract. Data were analyzed using International business machine statistical package for social science version 23.0 (IBM, Armonk, New York, USA). One-way ANOVA was used to compare mean blood glucose level between groups and Bonferroni post hoc test was used where there was statistical significance. P value ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: There was no significant difference in baseline blood glucose levels between the four groups (P = 0.130). Rats in groups B, C, and D had statistically significant higher blood glucose levels than group A 48 hours after treatment of groups B, C, and D with alloxan (P = 0.001). The extract treated group (C) had statistically significant reduction in blood glucose level after 5 days of oral administration of the extract (0.001). Similarly, the extract treated group (C) had statistically significant lower blood glucose level at the end of 5 day treatment compared with the diabetic control group (B) (P = 0.001). There was also significant reduction in blood glucose in the glibenclamide treated group (D) after 5 day treatment with the drug compared to diabetic control group (B) (P = 0.005). However, there was no significant difference in blood glucose level between the extract treated group (C) and glibenclamide treated group (D) after 5 day treatment with extract and glibenclamide respectively (P = 0.999). Conclusion: Aqueous leaf extract of Senna singueana significantly reduced blood glucose level after 5 day daily oral treatment at 250mg/Kg b.w.

背景:糖尿病是一种慢性代谢性疾病，发病率高，死亡率高，治疗成本高。治疗费用和发病率不断上升，再加上难以获得保健设施，迫使人们使用植物产品作为治疗来源。其中一种被用来治疗糖尿病的植物是番泻草。目的:研究番泻叶水提物对大鼠血糖水平的影响。材料与方法:选取16只体重80 ~ 120g的成年wistar大鼠，随机分为4组(A-D)，每组4只。A组为正常对照组，B组为糖尿病对照组。B、C、D组以150 mg/Kg体重(b.w)腹腔注射诱导糖尿病。A组和B组分别给予生理盐水5 mL/Kg b.w, C组和D组分别给予泻泻叶水提物250 mg/Kg b.w和格列本脲5 mg/Kg b.w，每日5 D。分别于糖尿病诱导前、诱导后48小时、提取物治疗前、每日给药后5天测定血糖浓度。数据分析使用国际商业机器统计软件包23.0版本的社会科学(IBM，阿蒙克，纽约，美国)。各组平均血糖水平比较采用单因素方差分析，差异有统计学意义者采用Bonferroni事后检验。P值≤0.05认为有统计学意义。结果:四组患者基线血糖水平差异无统计学意义(P = 0.130)。B、C、D组大鼠用四氧嘧啶治疗48小时后，B、C、D组大鼠血糖水平明显高于A组(P = 0.001)。提取物处理组(C)在口服提取物5天后血糖水平降低具有统计学意义(0.001)。同样，与糖尿病对照组(B)相比，提取物处理组(C)在治疗5 d结束时的血糖水平也有统计学意义(P = 0.001)。与糖尿病对照组(B)相比，格列苯脲治疗组(D)治疗5天后血糖也显著降低(P = 0.005)。而提取物组(C)与格列本脲组(D)分别给予提取物和格列本脲治疗5 D后血糖水平差异无统计学意义(P = 0.999)。结论:番泻叶水提物以250mg/Kg b.w每日口服5 d，可显著降低血糖水平。

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引用次数: 3

Congenital heart disease and associated comorbidities among children with Down syndrome in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria 尼日利亚尼日尔三角洲地区唐氏综合症儿童的先天性心脏病及相关合并症

Journal of Medicine in the Tropics

Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.4103/jomt.jomt_39_19

C. Duru, O. Ige, F. Okpokowuruk, Q. Daniels, Patience Udo, F. Megbelayin, K. Edem, Olawale Olabiyi, C. Yilgwan

Introduction and Objectives: Congenital heart disease (CHD) in children with Down syndrome is a common association. This study aims to describe the pattern of CHD and associated co-morbidities seen in children with Down syndrome in the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria. Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted in Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, during a cardiac mission. Children with phenotypic features suggestive of Down syndrome and a prior diagnosis of CHD had trans-thoracic echocardiogram performed by a team of paediatric cardiologists. The data were analyzed with STATA 14.0 Statistical package. Results: Thirty-five children with physical features suggestive of Down syndrome were seen, all of whom had CHD. They had a mean age of 5.8 months at diagnosis and 25.8 months at presentation. The most common heart defects detected were Atrioventricular septal defects in 28.6% of cases. The most common co-morbidity noted was heart failure in 17 (48.6%) of them followed by wasting in 15 (42.9%). Though 14 (40.0%) children were on a pulmonary vasodilator (sildenafil), only 5 (14.3%) children had features suggestive of pulmonary hypertension on echocardiography, all with atrioventricular septal defects (AVSD). Conclusion: AVSD is the most common CHD seen among children with Down syndrome in our study and is frequently associated with pulmonary hypertension.

简介和目的:先天性心脏病(CHD)在儿童唐氏综合征是一个常见的关联。本研究旨在描述尼日利亚尼日尔三角洲地区唐氏综合症儿童冠心病和相关合并症的模式。材料和方法:这是一项描述性横断面研究，在阿夸伊博姆州的Uyo进行，在心脏任务期间。表型特征提示唐氏综合征和先前诊断为冠心病的儿童由一组儿科心脏病专家进行经胸超声心动图检查。采用STATA 14.0统计软件包对数据进行分析。结果:35例伴有唐氏综合征体征的患儿均为冠心病。确诊时的平均年龄为5.8个月，就诊时的平均年龄为25.8个月。最常见的心脏缺陷是房室间隔缺损，占28.6%。最常见的合并症是心力衰竭，17例(48.6%)，其次是消瘦，15例(42.9%)。虽然14名(40.0%)儿童使用了肺血管扩张剂(西地那非)，但只有5名(14.3%)儿童在超声心动图上有提示肺动脉高压的特征，均伴有房室间隔缺损(AVSD)。结论:AVSD是本研究中唐氏综合征患儿中最常见的冠心病，且常与肺动脉高压相关。

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引用次数: 0

Knowledge, attitude, and practice toward Lassa fever prevention and control among health care providers in Sabon Gari local government area, Kaduna State, Nigeria 尼日利亚卡杜纳州Sabon Gari地方政府地区卫生保健提供者对拉沙热预防和控制的知识、态度和做法

Journal of Medicine in the Tropics

Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.4103/jomt.jomt_10_19

S. Asuke, Edgar Agubamah, M. Ibrahim, J. Ovosi

Background: Lassa fever is an acute viral hemorrhagic disease of public health concern causing recurrent outbreaks that often involve healthcare providers. Effective hospital infection control limits the impact of this disease. Objective: To assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice of health care providers toward Lassa fever prevention and control in Sabon Gari local government area, Kaduna State, Nigeria. Materials and methods: It was a cross-sectional descriptive study in which data were collected using a self-administered semi-structured questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS version 20.0. Associations between practice and other variables were tested using chi-square at P < 0.05. Results: A total of 131 health care providers participated in the study. Of these, 119 (96.0%) respondents were aware of Lassa fever. Overall a good knowledge of Lassa fever was only in 46 (35.1%) of them, while attitude toward prevention and control of Lassa fever was good in 110 (84.0%). However, only 91 (69.5%) had good practice of prevention and control of Lassa fever. Practice of prevention and control showed statistically significant association with knowledge (P = 0.01) and ethnicity (P = 0.006), but not with the other factors tested. Conclusion and recommendations: Despite the fairly good knowledge of Lassa fever, attitude and practice toward Lassa fever prevention and control were good. There is a need for continuous awareness of prevention and control among the health care providers.

背景:拉沙热是一种引起公共卫生关注的急性病毒性出血性疾病，引起经常涉及卫生保健提供者的反复暴发。有效的医院感染控制限制了该病的影响。目的:了解尼日利亚卡杜纳州Sabon Gari地方政府区卫生保健提供者对拉沙热防控的知识、态度和做法。材料和方法:采用横断面描述性研究，采用自填半结构化问卷收集数据，使用SPSS 20.0版本进行分析。练习与其他变量之间的相关性采用卡方检验，P < 0.05。结果:共有131名卫生保健提供者参与了本研究。其中119人(96.0%)知道拉沙热。总体而言，仅有46人(35.1%)对拉沙热有良好的认识，110人(84.0%)对拉沙热防控态度良好。但仅有91个(69.5%)做好拉沙热防控工作。预防和控制实践与知识(P = 0.01)和种族(P = 0.006)有统计学意义的相关性，与其他因素无统计学意义的相关性。结论和建议:尽管对拉沙热有较好的认识，但对拉沙热防控的态度和做法较好。卫生保健提供者需要不断提高对预防和控制的认识。

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引用次数: 4

Rapid detection of carbapenemase production in Enterobacteriaceae by different phenotypic methods 不同表型方法快速检测肠杆菌科碳青霉烯酶产量

Journal of Medicine in the Tropics

Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.4103/jomt.jomt_24_19

Simit H Kumar, M. Bandyopadhyay, Tulika Majumder, Subhayan Gupta

Introduction: Carbapenemase producing enterobacteriaceae (CPE) isolates have now emerged worldwide. Resistance to carbapenems is mainly due to production of beta-lactamases inactivating carbapenems (carbapenemases) included in classes A, B, C, or D of the Ambler classification. In Enterobacteriaceae carbapenemase encoding genes are often located on plasmids that contribute to a rapid spread among clinically relevant gram negative bacteria. Rapid and reliable detection of carbapenemase production is needed for therapeutic and control reasons. Aims: To compare the different phenotypic methods of carbapenemase detection namely, the modified paper strip carba NP method, the CLSI Carba NP method, the carbapenem inactivation method, and for rapid detection of CPE. Materials and methods: A total of 200 CPE from urine, pus, and blood cultures sent to the Microbiology Laboratory, R.G. Kar Medical College and Hospital (RGKMCH), were tested for the modified paper strip carba NP method, the CLSI Carba NP method, and the carbapenem inactivation method. Results and analysis: Out of 200 isolates, 108 isolates of Klebsiella spp and 92 isolates of Escherichia coli were compared for carbapenemase production by various phenotypic methods. In total, 100(93%) isolates of Klebsiella spp and 88 (95%) isolates of Escherichia coli showed positive results by paper strip and carba NP methods. A total of 96 (89%) isolates of Klebsiella spp and 84 (91%) isolates of Escherichia coli showed positive results by CLSI carba NP method. A total of 104 (96%) isolates of Klebsiella spp and 92 (100%) isolates of Escherichia coli showed positive results by CIM method. Conclusion: Rapid and accurate detection of carbapenemase producers are important for preventing their spread in health care settings. Although genotypic tests remain the gold standard but cannot practically be conducted because they are highly expensive and results are limited by the targets. The different phenotypic methods used in this study were inexpensive, rapid, highly sensitive, and specific. The modified paper strip Carba NP method in this study is a simple and rapid method compared to those performed by the CLSI method.

产碳青霉烯酶的肠杆菌科(CPE)分离株现已在世界范围内出现。对碳青霉烯类的耐药性主要是由于产生β -内酰胺酶使碳青霉烯类(碳青霉烯酶)失活，包括Ambler分类的A、B、C或D类。肠杆菌科碳青霉烯酶编码基因通常位于质粒上，这有助于在临床相关的革兰氏阴性菌中快速传播。由于治疗和控制的原因，需要快速可靠的检测碳青霉烯酶的产生。目的:比较碳青霉烯酶检测的不同表型方法，即改良纸条碳纳米管NP法、CLSI碳纳米管NP法、碳青霉烯类失活法，以及快速检测CPE的方法。材料和方法:从尿液、脓液和血液培养物中抽取200例CPE，送至RGKMCH医学院微生物实验室，分别采用改良纸条碳水化合物NP法、CLSI碳水化合物NP法和碳青霉烯类失活法进行检测。结果与分析:采用不同表型方法对200株分离株中108株克雷伯菌和92株大肠杆菌的碳青霉烯酶产量进行比较。纸条法和carba NP法检出克雷伯氏菌100株(93%)、大肠杆菌88株(95%)。CLSI carba NP法检出克雷伯氏菌96株(89%)、大肠杆菌84株(91%)阳性。共分离出104株(96%)克雷伯氏菌和92株(100%)大肠埃希氏菌。结论:快速准确地检测碳青霉烯酶产生物对预防其在卫生保健机构的传播具有重要意义。虽然基因型检测仍然是金标准，但由于它们非常昂贵且结果受到目标的限制，因此无法实际进行。本研究中使用的不同表型方法价格低廉、快速、灵敏度高、特异性强。与CLSI方法相比，本研究中改进的纸条Carba NP方法是一种简单快速的方法。

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引用次数: 1

Breast and cervical cancer screening: A survey of university employees 乳腺癌和宫颈癌筛查:一项针对大学员工的调查

Journal of Medicine in the Tropics

Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.4103/jomt.jomt_25_19

A. Ocheke, P. Agaba, S. Ohayi, M. Onche, Mary C. Momoh, Amos Aje, K. Ozoilo, E. Agaba

Background: There is an increasing occurrence of non-communicable diseases worldwide. Among them, breast and cervical cancers are notable among females. These diseases often present late with adverse outcomes. Only early detection offered by screening of disease offers the hope of cure. Hence, we undertook a breast and cervical cancer screening education and exercise among female workers of a university community. Methods and Methods: This was part of a non-communicable disease survey among members of the university community. Structured questionnaires were administered on participants after a talk. Screening was carried out using the Papanicolau test for cervical cancer and clinical breast examination for breast cancer. Results: A total of 210 participants were screened. 42 (10.8%) and 23 (10.8%) had family history of breast cancer and previous breast lump, respectively. Only one participant (0.48%) had a breast lump. Abnormal Pap smear result was present in 59 (30.1%) (Inflammation [59.32%], high grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) [10.17%], low grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) [6.78%], atypical squamous cell of undetermined significance (ASCUS) [10.17%], Atypical squamous cells- cannot exclude HSIL’ (ASC-H) [11.86%] and atypical glandular cells of undetermined significance (AGUS) [1.69%]). Conclusion: The uptake of screening was low, the yield for cervical anomalies was also low, but a reasonable proportion of the participants had risk factors for breast and cervical cancers and so would benefit from further screening over time.

背景:世界范围内非传染性疾病的发病率不断上升。其中，乳腺癌和宫颈癌在女性中最为显著。这些疾病往往出现较晚，并伴有不良后果。只有通过疾病筛查提供的早期发现才有治愈的希望。因此，我们在一个大学社区的女工中进行了乳腺癌和宫颈癌筛查教育和锻炼。方法和方法:这是在大学社区成员中进行的非传染性疾病调查的一部分。谈话结束后，对参与者进行了结构化的问卷调查。使用帕帕尼科劳试验对宫颈癌进行筛查，并对乳腺癌进行临床乳房检查。结果:共筛选了210名参与者。42例(10.8%)和23例(10.8%)分别有乳腺癌家族史和既往乳房肿块。只有一名参与者(0.48%)有乳房肿块。其中，炎症(59.32%)、高级别鳞状上皮内病变(HSIL)(10.17%)、低级别鳞状上皮内病变(LSIL)(6.78%)、未确定意义的非典型鳞状细胞(ASCUS)(10.17%)、不典型鳞状细胞-不能排除HSIL ' (ASC-H)(11.86%)和未确定意义的非典型腺细胞(AGUS)(1.69%))出现异常59例(30.1%)。结论:筛查率低，宫颈异常率也低，但合理比例的参与者有乳腺癌和宫颈癌的危险因素，因此随着时间的推移，进一步筛查将受益。

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引用次数: 0

Psychoactive substance use and its predictors among commercial tricycle operators in Jos north local government area of Plateau State. 高原州乔斯北部地方政府区商业三轮车经营者精神活性物质使用及其预测因素

Journal of Medicine in the Tropics

Pub Date : 2020-01-01 Epub Date: 2020-05-20 DOI: 10.4103/jomt.jomt_44_19

Tolulope O Afolaranmi, Z I Hassan, O J Ugwu, M A Onche, J C Obasi, O G Stephen, K G Ugwu, P W Bupwatda

Background: According to United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) around 243 million people, aged 15-64 consumed an illicit substance making this a public health problem of global dimensions with attendant physical, social, and psychological problems. Studies have shown that 59.5% of road traffic accident among commercial tricycle operator has been associated with the use of psychoactive substances. Hence, this study was conducted to assess the prevalence and pattern of psychoactive substance use and its predictors among tricycle operators in Jos north local government area of Plateau State.

Methodology: This was a cross sectional study conducted among 220 commercial tricycle operators selected from a cluster of five operational units of Tricycle Riders Union using quantitative data collection instrument consisted of three sections through an interviewer's administration method.

Results: The mean age of the respondents in the study was 34 ± 10 years with the prevalence of current use of psychoactive substance being 43.2%. The predictors of psychoactive substance use were tertiary level of education (AOR = 0.06; 95% CI = 0.0074-0.4806) and family history of use of psychoactive substance (AOR = 3.30; 95% CI = 1.7164-6.3611).

Conclusion: This study has demonstrated a high level of illicit psychoactive substance use among commercial tricycle operators with higher level of education negatively influence its use and a positive family history potentiating it.

背景:根据联合国毒品和犯罪问题办公室(毒品和犯罪问题办公室)的数据，约有2.43亿15-64岁的人吸食非法药物，这使其成为一个全球性的公共卫生问题，并伴随着身体、社会和心理问题。研究表明，商业三轮车驾驶员发生的道路交通事故中，有59.5%与使用精神活性物质有关。因此，本研究旨在评估高原州乔斯北部地方政府地区三轮车司机中精神活性物质使用的流行程度和模式及其预测因素。方法:这是一项横断面研究，从三轮车骑手联盟的五个运营单位中选择220名商业三轮车操作员，使用由三个部分组成的定量数据收集工具，通过访谈者的管理方法。结果:调查对象的平均年龄为34±10岁，目前精神活性物质使用率为43.2%。精神活性物质使用的预测因子为高等教育程度(AOR = 0.06;95% CI = 0.0074-0.4806)和精神活性物质家族史(AOR = 3.30;95% ci = 1.7164-6.3611)。结论:本研究表明，商业三轮车司机中非法精神活性物质的使用水平较高，受教育程度较高对其使用有负面影响，阳性家族史增强了其使用。

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引用次数: 0

The determinants of emergency room visits and missed school days in children with asthma in a tertiary hospital in north central Nigeria 尼日利亚中北部一家三级医院哮喘儿童急诊室就诊和缺课的决定因素

Journal of Medicine in the Tropics

Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.4103/jomt.jomt_18_19

H. Akhiwu, E. Yiltok, A. Ebonyi, I. Aliyu, S. Oguche

Background: Asthma is a major cause of emergency room visits and missed school days. However, the magnitude of this problem in Nigeria is yet to be evaluated. This study assessed the number of emergency room visits, missed school days as well as identified their determinants. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study carried out in the Paediatric Respiratory Clinic and the Emergency Paediatrics Unit of a tertiary hospital. The number of missed school days and emergency room visits were calculated and extrapolated for the estimated population of children with asthma in the state. Results: A total of 60 children with a male to female ratio of 1: 0.6 were studied. There were an estimated 5.3 million missed school days and over 460,000 emergency room visits per year for children with asthma in Plateau state. The commonest reasons for emergency room visits were severe acute exacerbation, poor knowledge of self-management and non-response to inhaled bronchodilators while the duration of asthma diagnosis, family member with atopy, family history of asthma and exercise intolerance were the determinants of emergency room visits and missed school days. Conclusion: With 5.3 million missed school days and over 460,000 emergency room visits in a year, asthma is a disease of significant public health importance. Self-management at home must be well taught at the beginning to all the patients. Care givers and patients need to know when they need to seek for help and not wait till the acute exacerbations are severe before presenting to the hospital.

背景:哮喘是急诊室就诊和缺课的主要原因。然而，这个问题在尼日利亚的严重程度还有待评估。这项研究评估了急诊室就诊次数、缺课天数，并确定了它们的决定因素。方法:这是一项横断面研究，在一家三级医院的儿科呼吸门诊和儿科急诊科进行。对该州哮喘儿童的估计人数进行了缺课天数和急诊室就诊的计算和外推。结果:共研究了60例儿童，男女比例为1:6 0。据估计，高原州每年有530万儿童缺课，超过46万儿童去急诊室就诊。急诊就诊的最常见原因是严重急性加重、自我管理知识不足和对吸入支气管扩张剂无反应，而哮喘诊断持续时间、家庭成员有特应性、哮喘家族史和运动不耐受是急诊就诊和缺课的决定因素。结论:哮喘是一种具有重大公共卫生重要性的疾病，每年有530万缺课日和超过46万次急诊室就诊。必须从一开始就对所有患者进行良好的家庭自我管理教育。护理人员和患者需要知道他们何时需要寻求帮助，而不是等到急性恶化严重才去医院。

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引用次数: 0

Virological and immunological profile of HIV patients on first-line antiretroviral therapy in north central Nigeria: a retrospective study 尼日利亚中北部一线抗逆转录病毒治疗HIV患者的病毒学和免疫学概况:一项回顾性研究

Journal of Medicine in the Tropics

Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.4103/jomt.jomt_23_19

N. Shehu, V. Ojeh, B. Aya, A. Ebonyi, Johnson Mafuka, S. Gomerep, S. Isa, O. Agbaji, A. Sagay

Background and Objectives: The use of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) has dramatically improved the quality of life and overall survival of HIV patients. UNAIDS has set a target of viral suppression for 90% of those treated by 2020 in order to end the HIV epidemic. We set out to determine patients’ virologic and immunological response after medium term first-line ART. Methods: This retrospective study was done between April 2017 and May 2018 at the AIDS Prevention Initiative in Nigeria (APIN)-supported HIV clinic of the Jos University Teaching Hospital (JUTH), north central Nigeria. Included in this analysis were patients who had been on either TDF/FTC/EFV or AZT/FTC/NVP consistently for at least 12 months and who had at least 95% adherence based on pharmacy drug pick up. Data were analysed using SPSS version 23.0. Results: A total of 301 patients who met the inclusion criteria were studied of which 187 (62.1%) were females and the overall mean (SD) age was 40±9 years. There were 204 (67.8%) patients on AZT/FTC/NVP while 97 (32.2%) were on TDF/FTC/EFV. Overall, the CD4 count increased from a median (IQR) baseline of 201 cells/mm3 by the end of 12 months of HAART. Or was it 24 months you used? (112–284) to 488 cells/mm3 by the end of 12 months of HAART (344.5–628.0) P = <0.001. Their overall virological suppression was 86.7%, but was higher for the TDF/FTC/EFV arm 92.8% compared to the AZT/3TC/NVP arm 83.8% (P = 0.03). Conclusion: Overall, there was good virologic suppression and immunological response of patients on first-line ART. This suggests that with good adherence the UNAIDS target of viral suppression for 90% of those treated is achievable.

背景和目的:高效抗逆转录病毒疗法(HAART)的使用显著改善了艾滋病毒患者的生活质量和总体生存率。联合国艾滋病规划署制定了到2020年使90%接受治疗者的病毒受到抑制的目标，以结束艾滋病毒的流行。我们着手确定患者在接受中期一线抗逆转录病毒治疗后的病毒学和免疫学反应。方法:这项回顾性研究于2017年4月至2018年5月在尼日利亚中北部乔斯大学教学医院(JUTH)的尼日利亚艾滋病预防倡议(APIN)支持的艾滋病毒诊所进行。该分析包括持续使用TDF/FTC/EFV或AZT/FTC/NVP至少12个月，并且基于药房药物提取的依从性至少为95%的患者。数据分析采用SPSS 23.0版本。结果:符合纳入标准的患者共301例，其中女性187例(62.1%)，总平均(SD)年龄为40±9岁。AZT/FTC/NVP组204例(67.8%)，TDF/FTC/EFV组97例(32.2%)。总体而言，在HAART治疗12个月结束时，CD4细胞计数从201个细胞/mm3的中位(IQR)基线增加。还是你用了24个月?在HAART治疗12个月结束时，(112-284)至488个细胞/mm3 (344.5-628.0) P = <0.001。它们的总体病毒学抑制率为86.7%，但TDF/FTC/EFV组的抑制率为92.8%，高于AZT/3TC/NVP组的83.8% (P = 0.03)。结论:总体而言，一线抗逆转录病毒治疗患者有良好的病毒学抑制和免疫应答。这表明，只要坚持治疗，联合国艾滋病规划署90%接受治疗者的病毒抑制目标是可以实现的。

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引用次数: 0

Congenital heart disease in neonates with external congenital anomalies in Jos, Nigeria. 尼日利亚乔斯有外部先天性异常的新生儿的先天性心脏病。

Journal of Medicine in the Tropics

Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.4103/jomt.jomt_22_19

O O Ige, C S Yilgwan, A S Sagay, P Kanki, F Bode-Thomas

Background: Congenital heart disease (CHD) has been found to be more common in neonates with other congenital anomalies and may worsen prognosis. Early diagnosis and treatment of internal congenital anomalies including CHD will improve outcome and decrease neonatal mortality. This study determined the prevalence of CHD among neonates seen with external congenital anomalies in Jos, Nigeria.

Materials and methods: We performed complete physical examinations on 2,340 neonates delivered in two tertiary hospitals in Jos, Nigeria. We identified neonates with external congenital anomalies and determined the prevalence of congenital heart defects in them using echocardiography. Data were analysed using STATA 14.0.

Results: External congenital anomalies were present in 49 of the 2,340 neonates recruited - prevalence of 20.9 per 1,000, with a male to female ratio of 1.1:1. Fourteen (28.6%) neonates were syndromic. CHD was present in 15 of 49 (30.6%) neonates studied- prevalence 30.6 per 100. The mean age of the parents with neonates who had external congenital anomalies and CHD was significantly higher than those without CHD.

Conclusion: CHD frequently co-exists with external congenital anomalies especially in syndromic neonates. Hospital-based surveillance systems are needed to capture accurately both internal and external congenital anomalies to improve outcome in these group of neonates.

背景：先天性心脏病（CHD）在伴有其他先天性异常的新生儿中更为常见，并可能恶化预后。早期诊断和治疗包括冠心病在内的先天性畸形将改善预后并降低新生儿死亡率。本研究确定了在尼日利亚乔斯有外部先天性异常的新生儿中冠心病的患病率。材料和方法：我们对在尼日利亚乔斯的两家三级医院出生的2340名新生儿进行了全面的体格检查。我们确定新生儿外部先天性异常和确定先天性心脏缺陷的患病率在他们使用超声心动图。数据分析采用STATA 14.0。结果：在招募的2340名新生儿中，有49名存在外部先天性异常，患病率为20.9 / 1000，男女比例为1.1:1。14例（28.6%）新生儿有综合征。49名新生儿中有15名（30.6%）患有冠心病，患病率为30.6 / 100。新生儿有先天性外畸形和冠心病的父母平均年龄明显高于无冠心病的父母。结论：冠心病常与外部先天性异常共存，尤其是综合征新生儿。需要以医院为基础的监测系统来准确捕获内部和外部先天性异常，以改善这组新生儿的预后。

{"title":"Congenital heart disease in neonates with external congenital anomalies in Jos, Nigeria.","authors":"O O Ige, C S Yilgwan, A S Sagay, P Kanki, F Bode-Thomas","doi":"10.4103/jomt.jomt_22_19","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jomt.jomt_22_19","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Congenital heart disease (CHD) has been found to be more common in neonates with other congenital anomalies and may worsen prognosis. Early diagnosis and treatment of internal congenital anomalies including CHD will improve outcome and decrease neonatal mortality. This study determined the prevalence of CHD among neonates seen with external congenital anomalies in Jos, Nigeria.Materials and methods: We performed complete physical examinations on 2,340 neonates delivered in two tertiary hospitals in Jos, Nigeria. We identified neonates with external congenital anomalies and determined the prevalence of congenital heart defects in them using echocardiography. Data were analysed using STATA 14.0.Results: External congenital anomalies were present in 49 of the 2,340 neonates recruited - prevalence of 20.9 per 1,000, with a male to female ratio of 1.1:1. Fourteen (28.6%) neonates were syndromic. CHD was present in 15 of 49 (30.6%) neonates studied- prevalence 30.6 per 100. The mean age of the parents with neonates who had external congenital anomalies and CHD was significantly higher than those without CHD.Conclusion: CHD frequently co-exists with external congenital anomalies especially in syndromic neonates. Hospital-based surveillance systems are needed to capture accurately both internal and external congenital anomalies to improve outcome in these group of neonates.","PeriodicalId":16477,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medicine in the Tropics","volume":"235 1","pages":"19-25"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12830049/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75727118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Knowledge of adverse events following immunization, its prevalence and actions of mothers of children aged 0-23 months in a tertiary health institution in Jos, North Central Nigeria. 在尼日利亚中北部乔斯的一家三级卫生机构中，对免疫接种后不良事件的了解、其流行情况和0-23个月儿童母亲的行动

Journal of Medicine in the Tropics

Pub Date : 2020-01-01 Epub Date: 2020-05-20 DOI: 10.4103/jomt.jomt_45_19

Tolulope O Afolaranmi, Z I Hassan, O Y Sodipo, D Gwomson, O J Ugwu, A O D Ofakunrin, O O Ige, Y O Tagurum, P W Bupwatda

Background: Adverse Event Following Immunization (AEFI) is any unfavorable event occurring following vaccination related to the vaccine administration and or its handling. AEFI can lead to death or a life-threatening condition requiring hospitalization with or without permanent sequel. Hence, this study was conducted to determine the knowledge of AEFI among mothers of children aged 0-23 months, its prevalence and actions of mothers of following AEFIs.

Methodology: This was a cross-sectional study conducted among 400 mothers of children aged 0-23 months between November 2017 and April 2018 using quantitative method of data collection. IBM SPSS version 20 was used for data analysis where chi square was used as a test of association a P-value of ≤ 0.05 considered statistically significant.

Results: The mean age of the respondents in the study was 29.0 ±5.3 years with 222 (55.5%) demonstrating good knowledge of AEFI. The prevalence of AEFI was found to be 46.5% with fever as the most experienced AEFI accounting for 90.3% of all cases experienced followed by pain and swelling mentioned by 141 (75.8%) and 26 (14.0%) respectively. Only 26 (14.5) of the mothers were adjudged to have taken appropriate action following the experience of AEFI in their children. Appropriateness of actions taken by the mothers following the occurrence of AEFI was influenced by the mother's employment status (COR= 3.84; 95% CI=1.366-10.575; P=0.007).

Conclusion: This study has demonstrated a sub-optimal level of knowledge of AEFI among the mothers of children aged 0-23 months with a relatively high self-reported prevalence and poor level of appropriateness of actions taken following AEFI.

背景:免疫不良事件(AEFI)是指接种疫苗后发生的与疫苗接种和/或处理有关的任何不良事件。急性脑损伤可导致死亡或危及生命的状况，需要住院治疗，并有或无永久性后遗症。因此，本研究旨在了解0-23月龄儿童的母亲对急性脑损伤的认知、其流行程度以及随后发生急性脑损伤的母亲的行为。方法:这是一项横断面研究，采用定量数据收集方法，于2017年11月至2018年4月期间对400名0-23个月儿童的母亲进行了研究。使用IBM SPSS version 20进行数据分析，使用卡方作为相关性检验，p值≤0.05认为具有统计学意义。结果:调查对象的平均年龄为29.0±5.3岁，其中222例(55.5%)具有良好的AEFI知识。急性脑损伤发生率为46.5%，以发热为主，占90.3%，其次为疼痛和肿胀，分别为141例(75.8%)和26例(14.0%)。只有26(14.5)名母亲在其孩子经历AEFI后被判定采取了适当的行动。母亲在发生AEFI后采取行动的适当性受到母亲就业状况的影响(COR= 3.84;95%可信区间= 1.366 - -10.575;P = 0.007)。结论:本研究表明，0-23月龄儿童的母亲对AEFI的认知水平不理想，自我报告的患病率相对较高，并且在AEFI后采取的行动适当性水平较差。

{"title":"Knowledge of adverse events following immunization, its prevalence and actions of mothers of children aged 0-23 months in a tertiary health institution in Jos, North Central Nigeria.","authors":"Tolulope O Afolaranmi, Z I Hassan, O Y Sodipo, D Gwomson, O J Ugwu, A O D Ofakunrin, O O Ige, Y O Tagurum, P W Bupwatda","doi":"10.4103/jomt.jomt_45_19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jomt.jomt_45_19","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Adverse Event Following Immunization (AEFI) is any unfavorable event occurring following vaccination related to the vaccine administration and or its handling. AEFI can lead to death or a life-threatening condition requiring hospitalization with or without permanent sequel. Hence, this study was conducted to determine the knowledge of AEFI among mothers of children aged 0-23 months, its prevalence and actions of mothers of following AEFIs.Methodology: This was a cross-sectional study conducted among 400 mothers of children aged 0-23 months between November 2017 and April 2018 using quantitative method of data collection. IBM SPSS version 20 was used for data analysis where chi square was used as a test of association a P-value of ≤ 0.05 considered statistically significant.Results: The mean age of the respondents in the study was 29.0 ±5.3 years with 222 (55.5%) demonstrating good knowledge of AEFI. The prevalence of AEFI was found to be 46.5% with fever as the most experienced AEFI accounting for 90.3% of all cases experienced followed by pain and swelling mentioned by 141 (75.8%) and 26 (14.0%) respectively. Only 26 (14.5) of the mothers were adjudged to have taken appropriate action following the experience of AEFI in their children. Appropriateness of actions taken by the mothers following the occurrence of AEFI was influenced by the mother's employment status (COR= 3.84; 95% CI=1.366-10.575; P=0.007).Conclusion: This study has demonstrated a sub-optimal level of knowledge of AEFI among the mothers of children aged 0-23 months with a relatively high self-reported prevalence and poor level of appropriateness of actions taken following AEFI.","PeriodicalId":16477,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medicine in the Tropics","volume":"22 1","pages":"57-64"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/86/a0/nihms-1629305.PMC8186276.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39011660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4