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EXPLORING THE LANDSCAPE OF ISLAMOPHOBIA STUDIES IN INDIAN CONTEXT: A REVIEW OF RECENT LITERATURE 探索印度背景下的伊斯兰恐惧症研究:近期文献综述
Pub Date : 2023-12-30 DOI: 10.55327/jaash.v9i4.314
Shufaq
This academic paper explores the developing Islamophobia research landscape and provides a thorough account of current scholarly developments in the area. Understanding Islamophobia's forms, underlying causes, and effects is crucial for academics, policymakers, and society at large because it continues to be a serious global issue. A corpus of current literature on Islamophobia is synthesized and examined in this study using a systematic methodology. The review starts out by clarifying the philosophical underpinnings of Islamophobia and the numerous forms it might take in diverse sociocultural contexts generally, and specifically the Indian context. Hence, in order to fully understand the intricacies, this study reviews contemporary works that examine the sociocultural and political origins and effects of local Islamophobia industry, emphasizing the necessity for nuanced, context-specific analysis and interdisciplinary approaches.
这篇学术论文探讨了伊斯兰恐惧症研究的发展状况,并对该领域当前的学术发展进行了详尽的阐述。由于伊斯兰恐惧症仍然是一个严重的全球性问题,因此了解伊斯兰恐惧症的形式、根本原因和影响对学术界、政策制定者和整个社会都至关重要。本研究采用系统的方法,对当前有关仇视伊斯兰教的文献进行了归纳和研究。综述首先澄清了伊斯兰恐惧症的哲学基础,以及它在不同社会文化背景下,特别是在印度背景下可能采取的多种形式。因此,为了充分理解其中的复杂性,本研究回顾了当代研究当地伊斯兰恐惧症的社会文化和政治起源及其影响的著作,强调了细致入微、针对具体情况的分析和跨学科方法的必要性。
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引用次数: 0
TERRORIST ATTACK IN THE HOLY ARTISAN CAFÉ, BANGLADESH: AN ANALYSIS ON NEWS FRAMING 孟加拉国圣匠咖啡馆的恐怖袭击:新闻框架分析
Pub Date : 2023-12-30 DOI: 10.55327/jaash.v9i4.315
Fatema Islam
This article analyzes the societal consequence of the news framing of the terrorist attack in the Holy Artisan Café of Bangladesh which killed 29 people, including 20 hostages (17 foreigners and 3 locals), two police officers, five gunmen, and two bakery staff. on 1st July 2016. With the application of both quantitative and qualitative research methodology, the researcher studied 134 news articles regarding the terrorist attack on the two prominent newspapers of Bangladesh: “The "Daily Star”, and “The "Prothom Alo” dated from 01 July 2016 to 01 July 2017. The quantitative analysis of the comparative framing of media coverage of these two prominent newspapers, the article found that i) 88.81% coverage of these two dailies are generically news articles, ii) the major source (41.04%) of this news is Bangladesh Police, iii) only 11.94% articles interpret the reasons and political consequence of the terrorist attack, iv) 88.16% news is descriptive, v) the contextual framework of 63.43% news is episodic. With an application of the Content Analysis method, the qualitative research found that: the news coverage of the two dailies regarding the Holy Artisan attack in Bangladesh had far-reaching societal consequences impacting public perceptions, government policies, security measures, and social dynamics.
2016年7月1日,孟加拉国圣匠咖啡馆发生恐怖袭击事件,造成29人死亡,其中包括20名人质(17名外国人和3名当地人)、2名警察、5名枪手和2名面包店员工。研究人员运用定量和定性研究方法,研究了孟加拉国两家著名报纸上有关此次恐怖袭击的 134 篇新闻报道:"每日星报 "和 "Prothom Alo "上有关恐怖袭击的 134 篇新闻报道,日期为 2016 年 7 月 1 日至 2017 年 7 月 1 日。通过对这两份著名报纸的媒体报道框架进行比较定量分析,文章发现:①这两份日报88.81%的报道都是一般性的新闻报道;②这些新闻的主要来源(41.04%)是孟加拉国警方;③只有11.94%的文章对恐怖袭击的原因和政治后果进行了解读;④88.16%的新闻是描述性的;⑤63.43%的新闻的语境框架是偶发性的。通过内容分析法的应用,定性研究发现:两份日报对孟加拉国圣匠袭击事件的新闻报道产生了深远的社会影响,影响了公众观念、政府政策、安全措施和社会动态。
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引用次数: 0
BORROWER'S CHARACTERISTICS AND LOAN REPAYMENT PERFORMANCE AMONG SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES IN MOGADISHU, SOMALIA 索马里摩加迪沙中小企业借款人特征与贷款偿还绩效
Pub Date : 2023-06-29 DOI: 10.55327/jaash.v9i2.306
Abdikarin Ahmed Abdi, Ismail Ahmed Mohamud, Fatima Mohamed Hussein
Loan repayment among small and medium enterprises in Mogadishu has remained a challenge as demonstrated by the low recovery rates recorded by the available financial institutions like commercial banks and microfinance institutions in Somalia. This situation has contributed towards a reduction on profitability margins reported by these financial institutions. This study was set out to establish the effect of borrower's characteristics on loan repayment performance among small and medium enterprises in Mogadishu, Somalia. The information asymmetry theory provided anchorage to the study.  It was observed that borrowers’ characteristics significantly explain 70.8% variation in loan repayment performance among small and medium firms in Mogadishu, Somalia (R2=0.708, p<0.05). The study concludes that borrowers’ characteristics are significant predictors of loan repayment performance among small and medium firms in Mogadishu, Somalia. The study recommends that credit officers working among financial institutions should critically and analytically appraise the borrower’s characteristics like gender, age and level of income to qualify for loans.  The borrowers among the financial institutions in Somalia should adhere to the principal of utmost good faith without concealing any specific characteristic that they have knowledge of.
摩加迪沙中小型企业的贷款偿还仍然是一项挑战,索马里商业银行和小额供资机构等现有金融机构的回收率很低就证明了这一点。这种情况导致这些金融机构报告的利润率下降。本研究旨在确定借款人特征对索马里摩加迪沙中小企业贷款偿还绩效的影响。信息不对称理论为研究提供了依据。研究发现,借款人特征显著解释了索马里摩加迪沙中小企业贷款偿还绩效70.8%的差异(R2=0.708, p<0.05)。该研究得出结论,借款人的特征是索马里摩加迪沙中小企业贷款偿还绩效的重要预测因素。该研究建议,在金融机构工作的信贷人员应该对借款人的性别、年龄和收入水平等特征进行批判性和分析性的评估,以获得贷款资格。索马里金融机构中的借款人应遵守最大诚意原则,不隐瞒他们所知道的任何具体特点。
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引用次数: 0
THE IMPACT OF CONFLICT IN THE CHURCH: A CASE OF THE ANGLICAN DIOCESE OF MANICALAND IN ZIMBABWE 教会冲突的影响:津巴布韦圣公会曼尼兰教区的案例
Pub Date : 2023-06-29 DOI: 10.55327/jaash.v9i2.305
D. Foya, Luke Teddy. Chigwanda
This study critically explored the impact of the conflict on the teaching and learning processes in Anglican schools through the two case studies. The researchers adopted a case study approach and used a qualitative research design. Data was collected using interviews with key informant, focus groups discussion with school development committee members, parents, students. In addition, questionnaires were also administered.   The findings confirm that the both students and staff were seriously affected by the conflict and the teaching and learning processes were affected too. What the teachers and students went through during the conflict might have long term effects which the church leaders might not be aware of at the moment. The conflict is said to have been resolved but there was evidence that the institutions still have serious divisions that are hampering progress and development and need urgent attention. The conflict resulted in myriads of problems that affected the teaching and learning processes in the Anglican schools. Teachers, non-teaching staff, and students were affected in different ways. Lessons were disrupted, staff and students were intimidated and victimised. They suffered physical, psychological, cultural and structural violence. The study recommends setting up of Truth and Reconciliation Commission to deal with the damage done by this long-term conflict.
本研究通过两个案例,批判性地探讨了冲突对英国国教学校教学过程的影响。研究人员采用个案研究方法,并采用定性研究设计。数据的收集采用了与主要信息提供者的访谈、与学校发展委员会成员、家长和学生的焦点小组讨论。此外,还进行了问卷调查。调查结果证实,学生和教职员工都受到冲突的严重影响,教学过程也受到影响。教师和学生在冲突中所经历的可能会产生长期的影响,而教会领袖目前可能没有意识到这一点。据说冲突已经解决,但有证据表明,各机构仍然存在严重分歧,阻碍了进展和发展,需要紧急注意。这场冲突导致了无数的问题,影响了圣公会学校的教学过程。教师、非教学人员和学生都以不同的方式受到影响。课程中断,教职员工和学生受到恐吓和伤害。他们遭受身体、心理、文化和结构上的暴力。该研究建议设立真相与和解委员会,以处理这一长期冲突造成的损害。
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引用次数: 0
POSITIVE YOUTH DEVELOPMENT: AN ANALYSIS OF THE GOVERNMENT’S MODEL IN BANGLADESH 积极的青年发展:孟加拉政府模式分析
Pub Date : 2023-06-29 DOI: 10.55327/jaash.v9i2.301
Atiqur Rahman Mujahid, Syaza Farhana Mohamad Shukri
The world is witnessing a dramatic change in the composition of the population. Industrialized nations are struggling with an "ageing population", while in most developing countries like Bangladesh, the proportion of young people is increasing. In Bangladesh, the youth constitute one-third of the total population and despite the government's efforts, the youth in Bangladesh are falling behind compared to other neighboring countries. Why is this so? The objective of this study is to examine the effectiveness, efficiency and appropriateness of the government's youth development model in Bangladesh using a positive youth development approach. Relying on mixed methods approach, the study utilized primary and secondary data for analysis. The primary data came from questionnaires answered by the 50 participants of Jubo Unnoyon (DYD) Dhaka District Branch. The study found that the DYD program had extremely low scores for 'spirituality and caring'. In addition, the level of achievement or effectiveness did not reach standard levels. Overall, however, the DYD program promotes positive youth development but still needs some adjustments and improvements, especially in the area of caring and connection.
世界正在目睹人口构成的巨大变化。工业化国家正在与“人口老龄化”作斗争,而在大多数发展中国家,如孟加拉国,年轻人的比例正在上升。在孟加拉国,年轻人占总人口的三分之一,尽管政府做出了努力,但孟加拉国的年轻人与其他邻国相比仍然落后。为什么会这样呢?本研究的目的是通过积极的青年发展方法来检验孟加拉国政府青年发展模式的有效性、效率和适当性。本研究采用混合方法,利用一手资料和二手资料进行分析。主要数据来自Jubo Unnoyon (DYD)达卡地区分部的50名参与者回答的问卷。研究发现,DYD项目在“精神和关怀”方面得分极低。此外,成绩水平或有效性没有达到标准水平。然而,总的来说,“青少年成长计划”促进了青少年的积极发展,但仍需要一些调整和改进,特别是在关怀和联系方面。
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引用次数: 0
INVESTIGATING THE BARRIERS TO ACCESS TO FINANCIAL SERVICES BY WOMEN OPERATING MICRO, SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED ENTERPRISES IN ZAMBIA : A CASE OF LUSAKA AND CHOMA DISTRICTS 调查赞比亚经营微型、小型和中型企业的妇女获得金融服务的障碍:以卢萨卡和乔马地区为例
Pub Date : 2023-06-29 DOI: 10.55327/jaash.v9i2.304
D. Foya, Pamela Edvokia Zaloumis
The aim of this study was to explore and investigate the barriers to accessing financial services by women operating Micro, Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (MSMEs) in Lusaka and Choma Districts of Zambia. This study therefore employed a descriptive qualitative research design while the targeted population was women aged 18 years and above, who owned Micro, Small and Medium-sized businesses, whose business physical addresses were, at the time of data collection, within Lusaka and Choma Districts of Zambia. Purposive sampling was used to sample 34 women, 17 participants from each of the two districts. A semi-structured interview guide was used for data collection, while the study employed systematic theming process, which was basically content analysis in analysing the data that was collected. This study revealed that the majority of business women that own MSMEs use cash and mobile money services for most of their business transactions. This study concluded that not all women operating MSMEs were accessing and utilizing the financial services available. It is recommended that investment in robust financial literacy, digital banking, and the deliberate setting up of various funds and other financial services aimed at empowering women and MSMEs. 
本研究的目的是探讨和调查赞比亚卢萨卡和乔马地区经营中小微企业(MSMEs)的妇女获得金融服务的障碍。因此,这项研究采用了描述性定性研究设计,而目标人群是18岁及以上的女性,她们拥有微型、小型和中型企业,在收集数据时,其商业实体地址位于赞比亚的卢萨卡和乔马地区。采用有目的抽样对34名妇女进行抽样,分别来自两个地区的17名参与者。数据收集采用半结构化访谈指南,研究采用系统的主题化过程,对收集到的数据进行分析,基本上是内容分析。这项研究表明,大多数拥有中小微企业的女企业家在大多数商业交易中使用现金和移动货币服务。这项研究的结论是,并非所有经营中小微企业的妇女都能获得和利用现有的金融服务。建议投资于增强金融知识、数字银行,并有意设立旨在增强妇女和中小微企业权能的各种基金和其他金融服务。
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引用次数: 0
FAMILY SUPPORT AND CHILD STREETISM IN DAR ES SALAAM AND DODOMA 达累斯萨拉姆和多多马的家庭支持和儿童街头虐待
Pub Date : 2023-03-30 DOI: 10.55327/jaash.v9i1.297
S. Shitindi, Adella Nyello, Fredy Mswima
Street children are becoming common in the developing countries despite the implementation of several interventions. Family support as one of the interventions to address street children and considered to be the leading one. However, there is a dearth of literature on the influence of family support on child streetism. In this regard, the article explored the influence of family support on child streetism in Dodoma and Dar es Salaam.  This article adopted the cross sectional descriptive design whereby the informants were selected using purposive and snowballing sampling techniques and data. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews and documentary review and thematic data analysis technique was used to analyse the qualitative data. The findings revealed that family support influences child streetism. Children are not likely to live in the street when the families support them. Specifically, substance use and abuse of parents and guardians, single parenting families, child-headed household, child neglect and family violence contribute to street children. The article among others recommends that parenting skills and style of the community members must be enhanced to provide favourable environment within the family setting for children to cherish their future.
尽管实施了若干干预措施,但街头儿童在发展中国家变得越来越普遍。家庭支助是解决街头儿童问题的干预措施之一,被认为是主要的干预措施。然而,关于家庭支持对儿童街头行为的影响的文献很少。在这方面,本文探讨了家庭支持对多马和达累斯萨拉姆儿童街头行为的影响。本文采用了横断面描述性设计,即使用有目的和滚雪球抽样技术和数据选择举报人。数据收集采用半结构化访谈和文献回顾,并采用专题数据分析技术对定性数据进行分析。研究结果显示,家庭支持会影响儿童的街头行为。如果有家庭支持,孩子们就不太可能流落街头。具体来说,父母和监护人的药物使用和滥用、单亲家庭、儿童为户主的家庭、忽视儿童和家庭暴力都是造成街头儿童的原因。除其他外,该文章建议必须提高社区成员的养育技能和风格,以便在家庭环境中为儿童提供有利的环境,使他们珍惜自己的未来。
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引用次数: 0
NIGERIAN CURRENCY SYSTEM, 1914-2014: A CENTURY OF TRANSFORMATION 尼日利亚货币体系,1914-2014:一个世纪的转型
Pub Date : 2023-03-30 DOI: 10.55327/jaash.v9i1.300
Yasin Abubakar, Mujitaba Liman Arabu
In 1914, the Protectorate of Northern Nigeria and the Colony and Protectorate of southern Nigeria were merged by Sir Fredrick Lugard. The new territory became known as the Colony and Protectorate of Nigeria. Lugard became its first Governor General and ruled between 1914 and 1919. Before then, Southern Nigeria which was a British Protectorate in the coastal areas of modern-day Nigeria formed in 1900, was added to Lagos Colony in 1906, and the territory was officially renamed the Colony and Protectorate of Southern Nigeria. From that time till date, the country has been experiencing transformations in its currency system. This paper sets to offer a historical overview of the transformation of Nigeria’s currency system over a period of one hundred years, from 1914 to 2014. The paper demonstrates how the Nigerian currency system has evolved in the course of hundred years from a cash-based type to an increasingly cashless type. It was concluded that, although it is replete with challenges, the ongoing cashless policy in the country has come to stay. The paper is based on qualitative method of data collection and evaluation. Both primary and secondary sources of historical data have been consulted and utilised on the course of writing the paper. 
1914年,尼日利亚北部的保护国和尼日利亚南部的殖民地和保护国由弗雷德里克·卢加德爵士合并。这片新领土后来被称为尼日利亚的殖民地和保护国。卢加德成为第一任总督,统治时间为1914年至1919年。在此之前,南尼日利亚是1900年在现代尼日利亚沿海地区形成的英国保护国,1906年被加入拉各斯殖民地,该领土正式更名为南尼日利亚殖民地和保护国。从那时起至今,该国一直在经历其货币体系的变革。本文旨在从1914年到2014年的一百年时间里,对尼日利亚货币体系的转型进行历史概述。本文展示了尼日利亚的货币体系是如何在数百年的过程中从以现金为基础的类型演变为越来越无现金的类型。结论是,尽管充满了挑战,但该国正在进行的无现金政策已经留下来。本文基于定性的数据收集和评价方法。在撰写论文的过程中,历史数据的主要和次要来源都得到了咨询和利用。
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引用次数: 0
TOWARDS A RECONCEPTUALIZATION OF POVERTY: IMPLICATIONS FOR ITS ERADICATION AND POLICY. 重新定义贫穷:对消灭贫穷和政策的影响。
Pub Date : 2023-03-30 DOI: 10.55327/jaash.v9i1.299
E. Siziba, J. Mapuva
The success of any poverty alleviation strategy depends partly on how poverty is conceptualized. The overarching goal of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development is “Ending poverty in all its forms everywhere” and this demonstrates the need to conceptualize poverty beyond not only monetary dimensions but also considering it as an experience and a strategy on which other peoples’ lifestyles depends on. To improve the understanding of the multi-dimensional aspects of poverty the article proposes that poverty can be grouped into three dimensions namely: moral, material and social. By restricting the access to resources by those who lack them, those with political, economic and social power exhibit moral poverty. Targeting moral poverty is the key strategy to eliminate all forms of poverty.
任何减轻贫穷战略的成功部分取决于如何对贫穷进行概念化。《2030年可持续发展议程》的总体目标是“在世界各地消除一切形式的贫困”,这表明需要将贫困概念化,不仅要超越货币层面,还要将其视为其他人生活方式所依赖的一种经验和一种战略。为了更好地理解贫困的多维层面,本文提出将贫困分为道德、物质和社会三个维度。通过限制那些缺乏资源的人获得资源,那些拥有政治、经济和社会权力的人表现出道德贫困。针对道德贫困是消除一切形式贫困的关键战略。
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引用次数: 0
REFUGEE, MIGRANT AND STATELESS PERSON IN BANGLADESH: PROBLEMS AND LEGAL PERSPECTIVE 孟加拉国的难民、移民和无国籍人:问题和法律视角
Pub Date : 2023-03-30 DOI: 10.55327/jaash.v9i1.292
Kaniz Tania, Kazi Sonia Tasnim, Md. Zahid Islam
This article presents a current issue of Rohingya, stateless and migrant people who faced various problems in Bangladesh and state also faced problems to maintain them. In this regard this paper will provide some solution to overcome these problems. Bangladesh is currently hosting a large number of stateless people namely Rohingya from August 2017. Beside this the liberation war of Bangladesh in 1971 the Biharis were left behind are also treated as stateless and unprotected persons. At present all these people have suffered decades of violence, discrimination and persecution in a massive wave of violence broke out in Myanmar Rakhine State. Rohingya people have fled from Myanmar to seek refuge across the border in Bangladesh and among them 50% are children and they suffered from basic necessity. Bangladesh’s economy spends an estimated $1.21 billion a year supporting the Rohingya and also unemployed crisis and also involved in criminal activities like Yaba drug smuggling. Natural disaster like flooding, fires and Covid-19 has created also fresh challenges for Rohingya refugees in Bangladesh. The natural disaster like covid- 19, flood, heavy monsoon, landslide in the camp is also creating a lot of sufferings of the Refugees. This paper will pave a way to overcome these challenges. It will be qualitative research. The information will be taken from many readings, articles, newspapers and books.
本文介绍了罗兴亚人,无国籍和移民的当前问题,他们在孟加拉国面临各种问题,国家也面临着维持他们的问题。在这方面,本文将提供一些解决这些问题的方法。孟加拉国目前收容了大量无国籍人士,即2017年8月以来的罗兴亚人。除此之外,1971年孟加拉国的解放战争,留下的比哈尔人也被视为无国籍和无保护的人。目前,在缅甸若开邦爆发的大规模暴力浪潮中,所有这些人都遭受了数十年的暴力、歧视和迫害。罗兴亚人从缅甸逃到孟加拉国边境寻求庇护,其中50%是儿童,他们缺乏基本必需品。据估计,孟加拉国经济每年要花费12.1亿美元来支持罗兴亚人、失业危机以及亚巴毒品走私等犯罪活动。洪水、火灾和新冠肺炎等自然灾害也给孟加拉国的罗兴亚难民带来了新的挑战。像新冠肺炎、洪水、强季风、山体滑坡等自然灾害也给难民营带来了很多苦难。本文将为克服这些挑战铺平道路。这将是定性研究。这些信息将从许多读物、文章、报纸和书籍中获取。
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引用次数: 1
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Journal of Asian and African Social Science and Humanities
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